Burden of disease in Brazil
Group 7
Burden of disease in Brazil
KEY HEALTH INDICATORSYears of life lost (YLLs):Years of life
lost due to premature mortality.
Years lived with disability (YLDs): Years of life lived with any
short-term or long-term health loss, adjusted for severity.
Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs):The sum of years lost due
to premature death (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs).
DALYs are also defined as years of healthy life lost.
Healthy life expectancy, or health-adjusted life expectancy
(HALE):The number of years that a person at a given age can expect
to live in good health, taking into account mortality and
disability.
INTRODUCTIONDiabetes mellitus is a worldwide public
healthproblem and one of the main chronic syndromes currently
affecting humankind, regardless of socioeconomic status and
geographic location. The syndrome has a multiple etiology,
resulting from lack of insulin and/or the inability of insulin to
adequately exert its effects. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by
chronic hyperglycemia, frequently accompanied by dyslipidemia,
arterial hypertension, and endothelial dysfunction1.INTRODUCTIONA
diabetes epidemic is underway. An estimated 30 millionpeople
world-wide had diabetes in 1985. By 1995, this number had shot up
to 135 million. The latest WHO estimate (for the number of people
with diabetes, world-wide, in 2000) is 177 million. This will
increase to at least 300 million by 2025. The number of deaths
attributed to diabetes was previously estimated at just over
800,000. However, it has long been known that the number of deaths
related to diabetes is considerably underestimated. Amoreplausible
figure is likely to be around 4 million deaths per year related to
the presence of the disorder. This is about 9% of the global
total.Diabetes Mellitus in BrazilThe indicator used was
disability-adjusted life years (DALY), using a discount rate of 3%.
In Brazil, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and diabetes accounted
for 14.7% of total lost DALYs. Brazil showed a higher proportion of
years lived with disability (YLDs) among total DALYs for diabetes
as compared to other countries. Diabetes Mellitus in BrazilIn
Brazil, the most comprehensive study on diabetes mellitus
prevalence was conducted in 1988, in nine State capitals. Estimated
prevalence was 7.5% in individuals 30-69 years of age, with the
highest prevalence (17.4%) in the 60-69-year age group
In 2007, the incident rate in Brazil was estimated to be 7.7 per
100,000 children per year.
The burden associated with the disease is documented in the data
of the more than 16 million cases of diabetes registered:43% of
those registered had a diabetic foot disorder and 22% a previous
amputation, 78% had renal disease, 78% had a previous myocardial
infarction, and 80% had a previous stroke.
Linking these data with the mortality registry shows the
mortality burden attributable to diabetes: Age and gender
standardized mortality in people with diabeteswas 57% greater than
that of the general population. Ofall deaths, 38% were due to
cardiovascular disease, 6% torenal disease, and 17% were coded as
multiple or otherchronic complications of diabetes. Only 2% were
due tothe acute complications of diabetes.
Key NCDs and their shared risk factorsThe WHO 2008 action a plan
for NCDs focuses on four NCDs(cardiovascular diseases, diabetes,
cancer, and chronic respiratory disease) and their four shared
their risk factors which aretobacco use physical inactivity,
unhealthy diets harmful use of alcohol Key NCDs and their shared
risk factorsThese four NCDs accounted for 58% of all deaths in
Brazil in 2007 and are, along with neuropsychiatric disorders, the
main causes of disease burden.
Its cost so much and it is affect all things the hospital the
govermint the persons to to mange it or prevent it and its cost
about (US$ 3.9 billion) in Brazil
As the number of people withdiabetesgrows worldwide, the disease
takes an ever-increasing proportion of national healthcarebudgets.
Without primary prevention, the diabetes epidemic will continue to
grow. Even worse, diabetes is projected to become one of the worlds
main disablers and killers within the next twenty-five years.
Immediate action is needed to stem the tide of diabetes and to
introduce cost-effective treatment strategies to reverse this
trend.What are the costs of diabetes?
Direct costs to the healthcaresector include hospital services,
physician services, lab tests and the daily management of diabetes
which includes availability of products such as insulin, syringes,
oral hypoglycemic agents and blood-testing equipment. Costs range
from relatively low-cost items, such as primary-care consultations
and hospital outpatient episodes, to very high-cost items, such as
long hospital inpatient stays for the treatment of
complications.
US$ 3.9 billion
A number of diabetes patients may not be able to continue
working or work as effectively as they could before the onset of
their condition. Sickness, absence, disability, premature
retirement or premature mortality can cause loss of
productivity.costs of lost production may be as much as five times
the direct health care cost. This may be because there is limited
access to high quality care with, consequently, a high incidence of
complications, disability and premature mortality. Families too, of
course, suffer loss of earnings as a result of diabetes and its
consequences.Primary prevention protects susceptible individuals
from developing diabetes. It has an impact by reducing or delaying
both the need for diabetes care and the need to treat diabetes
complications.Lifestyle modifications (appropriate diet and
increased physical activity and a consequent reduction of weight),
supported by a continuous education programme, were used to achieve
a reduction of almost two-thirds in the progression to diabetes
over a six-year period.Prevention and diabetes:Secondary
PreventionSecondary prevention includes early detection, prevention
and treatment. Appropriate action taken at the right time is
beneficial in terms of quality of life, and is cost-effective,
especially if it can prevent hospital admission.1-
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/195039542-
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0102-311X2009000600006&script=sci_arttext3-
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs236/en/
