Ultrafiltraiton

Group 5

Alex GuerreroAndrew DuffyBernard Hsu

Daniyal QamarJeff Tyska

Ryan KosakTomi Damo

Feb. 24, 2011

Introduction

In this lab you will be separating milk solids from a milk-water mixture using ultrafiltration.

Feed stream = milk-water mixture

Retenate = highly concentrated milk solid solution

Permeate = clean water the passed through filter

Purpose

The purpose of this lab is to demonstrate the effect of pressuredrop on the permeate flux in and ultrafiltration system.

A Milk-Water mixture will be fed into the system and clean water will be the permeate

NOTE: The key to this lab is to work quickly and efficiently.

Theory

Separation based on differingParticle sizes.

Strathmann 686Milk proteins are too large to penetratemembrane but water passes through.

Performance determined by filtration rate, membrane flux, and separation properties.

Theory: Permeate Flux

Q: solvent flux (L/(M^2*time))Lp : membrane permeability (L/(atm*m^2*time))ΔP = pressure drop (atm)

Theory: Solvent Flux

Jsolv = flux of solvent leaving the ultrafilter (m/s)Ksolv = permeability of the solvent through membrane (m2 / (psi-s)) Pr = total pressure on the retentate or high pressure side (psi)Pp = total pressure on the permeate or low pressure side (psi)tms = thickness of the membrane skin during separation (m)

Theory: Concentration Factor

Voriginal = volume of the original solution (L)Vconcentrate = volume of concentrated skim milk (L)Vpermeate = volume of the permeated water (L)

R = recovery of the feed stream that becomes permeate (unitless)

Apparatus# Equipment Description Manufacture1 Membrane

ColumnMembrane Type: PM10

Effective Area 25 cubic feet

Max Pressure: 40 PSIG

Serial Number:4PX 14069

Romicon INC

2 Jet PumpPower: 2 HP @ 3050 RPM

Reliance

3 Back Jet Flush Pump

Power: 1/3 HP @ 3450 RPM

Mod. Number 14010

Dayton

4 Power Switch Box

A-B Quality

5 Permeate Tank6 Process Tank7 Large On/Off

Valve1” Full-Flo PVC ball valve Hayward

8 Inlet Pressure Gauge

Max Pressure: 30 PSI Omega Engineering

9 Small On/Off Valve

Ball Valve Hill-McCanna

10 Back Flush Pressure Gauge

Max Pressure: 15 PSI US Gauge

Materials

Equipment Manufacture Description

Bleach Clorox Used to sanitize system

Deionized Water Used as solvent

Phosphoric Acid Fisher Scientific A242-212 85%. Used as cleaning agent.

Solid Sodium Hydroxide Fisher Scientific BP359-212 White Pellets. Used as cleaning agent.

Skim Milk Deans Used as solute.

pH Paper EM Science & Micro Essentials Used to measure acid concentration in system.

1000 ml Beaker Nalgene Used for volume measurement.

200 ml Beaker Nalgene Used for volume measurement.

Safety

Phosphoric Acid: Corrosive and could cause burns.

Bleach: Skin and eye irritant. Toxic if ingested in high concentration.

Sodium Hydroxide: Corrosive and could cause burns. Short and long term injuries occur if ingested.

Procedure

Water Run:1. Turn on Pump.

2. Adjust inlet pressure to 10 PSIG.4. Adjust Outlet pressure to 25 PSIG.5. Run for 15 minutes.

Acid Run:1. Make 2.5 pH phosphoric soln. 2. Run system at above pressure for 10 minutes. 3.Close outlet valve and run for 5 more minutes.

Drain/Rinse Cycle:1. Run deionized water through the system.

Caustic Cycle:1. Make 1 wt% NaOH solution.2. Run system as above for 15 minutes.

Procedure Continued

Backwash:1. Adjust valves for backwash cycle. 2. Turn on backwash pump.3. Run long enough to wash system.

Bleach Cycle:1. Make 200ppm Bleach solution.2. Run as before for 15 minutes.

Water Flux Testing:1. Determine water flux with inlet pressure at 25PSIG and outlet at 5, 10, 15, and 20PSIG.

Skim Milk:1. Add 80 L of DI water and 1 gallon of skim milk to process tank. 2. Operate system and measure flux with inlet pressure at 25PSIG and outlet at 5, 10, 15, and 20PSIG.

References

Strathmann, Heinrich. "Membranes and Membrane Separation Processes." Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 7th. 40. New York, NY: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co., 2010. (pp: 667-724) Print.

  Wankat, Phillip C. Separation Process Engineering. (2nd Edition).

Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc., 2007. (pp: 573 – 579) Print   McCabe, Warren L., Julian C. Smith, and Peter Harriott. Unit Operations

of Chemical Engineering. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993. (pp: 1058-1065) Print.

  "Koch Membrane :: Ultrafiltration." Koch Membrane Systems. Web. 13

Feb. 2011. <http://www.kochmembrane.com/sep_uf.html>.   Neligan, Patrick. "What Is the Difference between Dialysis and

Ultrafiltration?" Welcome to Critical Care Medicine Tutorials. Web. 13 Feb. 2011. <http://www.ccmtutorials.com/renal/rrt/page2.htm>