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SPECIAL PROBLEM

GROUP # 1

MICROBIOLOGY

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INTRODUCTION

Background of the study,

Skin, in anatomy, is the protective organcovering the external surface of the body. Theskin is prone to diseases from external as wellas internal causes. The skin inflammationwhich is very common in adolescence ispimple. Bacterium responsible for the cause of skin infection are Propionibacterium acnes and

 Staphylococcus aureus.

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Scalp, is the anatomical area covering the

vault of the skull.

The primary scalp infection is theinfection of the first layer of the scalp.

Dandruff is the dry, white, or greyishsubstances that appear in patches on the

top of the head. It is not caused by any

foreign elements, but two microorganisms

found on every human scalp -  M alassezia

 yeast (Pityrosporum ovale) and Pityriasis

simplex capitis.

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SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

The focus of the research is to compare themorphological, structural, compositional

relationship between dandruff and pimples.

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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:

The researchers, who are biology

students, will be familiarized with the

collection of specimen, culture method and

comparing the two species.

The researchers will also be usingthis study as a frame of references about the

 bacterial activity on pimples and dandruff.

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GENERAL OBJECTIVE:

To compare the morphological, structural,

compositional relationship between isolated

and cultured microbes of pimples and

dandruff.

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OTHER OBJECTIVES:

To isolate microbes from a person who has

 pimples and dandruff.

To conduct the gram staining of the

isolated bacteria and classify isolated

microorganisms using Gram staining.

To isolate the pure cultures of microbes.

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LIMITATIONS:This study is limited to the microbes found in

dandruff flakes and pustules of pimples. For 

confirmation, gram staining will be employedto determine whether the colonies isolated are

gram positive. For fungi samples, gram

staining will not be used. Instead selective

media that will promote the growth of fungi best will be used for plating.

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The skin is a soft outer covering of an

animal, in particular a vertebrate.

The common skin inflammation is pimple.

PIMPLE:

A pimple is a small papule or pustule

or inflammation of the skin ± they are oil

glands that are infected with bacteria,

become inflamed, and then fill up with pus.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

SKIN:

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The bacteria responsible for pimples are

Propionibacterium acne,

is a major inhabitant of  

adult human skin, lives on fatty acids in

the oil glands on sebum secreted by

follicles. It is a common gram positive

non spore forming anaerobic rod andtypically grows as an obligate anaerobe.

Staphylococcus aureus,

is a part of skin flora found

in the nose and on skin. It is afacultative anaerobe, gram positive

coccus which can cause a range of skin

infections such as pimples, boils, etc.

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SCALP:

is the anatomical area bordered by the

face anteriorly and the neck to the sides and

posteriorly.

The primary infection of the scalp is dandruff.

DANDRUFF:

is a common problem due to the

excessive shedding of dead skin cells from thescalp. Dandruff occurs when the scalp sheds

dead epidermal cells in large clumps.

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The microbe related to Dandruff is,

Malassezia globosa(Pityrosporum ovale),is a liphophilic yeast belonging to the

normal human cutaneous flora in adults.

As the fungus requires fat to grow, it is most

common in areas with many sebaceous glandson the scalp, face and upper part of the body.

When the fungus grows too rapidly the natural

renewal of cells is disturbed and dandruff 

appears with itching.

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STREAK PLATING:

is used to isolate a pure strain from a single

species of a microbes. A

microbial culture can be

grown so that the organism

can be identified, studied.

SERIAL DILUTION:

is a step wise dilution

of the sample in solution and it

is used to accurately create

highly diluted solutions for the

estimation of bacterial count

of the sample.

TECHNIQUES TO BE USED:

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Pure culture:

is a population of cells

growing in the absence of other 

species. A pure culture mayoriginate from a single cell or  

single organism.

Gram staining:

is a common technique usedto differentiate different groups of 

 bacteria based on their different

cell wall constituents.