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Objective 1 The water cycle: The movement of water from the oceans to the atmosphere back to the earth’s surface where it runs off or soaks into the ground. The water cycle: The movement of water from the oceans to the atmosphere back to the earth’s surface where it runs off or soaks into the ground. A. 98% of water on the earths surface is found in the ________. The remaining 2% is fresh water in the form of ______, ________________and _______________ A. 98% of water on the earths surface is found in the ________. The remaining 2% is fresh water in the form of ______, ________________and _______________ oceans ice Surface waterGround water
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Ground WaterGround Water
ObjectivesObjectives
1)1) Define the water cycle.Define the water cycle.2)2) Explain the factors that effect the Explain the factors that effect the
storage and movement of storage and movement of groundwater.groundwater.
3)3) Explain how porosity and permeability Explain how porosity and permeability effect rate of infiltration and amount effect rate of infiltration and amount of runoff.of runoff.
4)4) State the relationship between State the relationship between capillary action and grain size.capillary action and grain size.
Objective 1Objective 1 The water cycle: The water cycle: The movement of The movement of
water from the oceans to the water from the oceans to the atmosphere back to the earth’s surface atmosphere back to the earth’s surface where it runs off or soaks into the where it runs off or soaks into the ground.ground. A. 98% of water on the earths surface is A. 98% of water on the earths surface is
found in the found in the ________.________. The remaining 2% is The remaining 2% is fresh water in the form of ______, fresh water in the form of ______, ________________and _______________________________and _______________
oceansice
Surface water Ground water
Water CycleWater Cycle Ground water. Animation.
Groundwater - flash animated diagram
Labels: Zone of Saturation, Zone of Aeration, Labels: Zone of Saturation, Zone of Aeration, Capillary water, Porosity, Water Table, Ground Capillary water, Porosity, Water Table, Ground waterwater
Objective 2 Objective 2 Factors that effect the storage and Factors that effect the storage and
movement of ground water:movement of ground water:Porosity:Porosity:
Permeability:Permeability:
Space between the particles expressed in %.
Rate of flow between particles expressed in cm/sec.
PorosityPorosity Note: the ________ the porosity the Note: the ________ the porosity the
________ the amount of ground water.________ the amount of ground water.
Porosity is effected by _________ and Porosity is effected by _________ and _________ ._________ .
higher
packing
greater
sorting
Packing-Packing- The arrangement of The arrangement of particlesparticles
The example below shows The example below shows differences in packing. Which do you differences in packing. Which do you think has the higher porosity?think has the higher porosity?
A B
Relationship between packing and porosity: the more efficient the packing the less the porosity
Sorting:Sorting: the distribution of sizes the distribution of sizes The example shows differences in The example shows differences in
sorting. Which do you think has the sorting. Which do you think has the higher porosity?higher porosity?
a b
The relationship between grain sorting and porosity: The poorer the sorting the less the porosity.
Graph the relationship Graph the relationship between sorting and porositybetween sorting and porosity
High
Low
Porosity
Poor Good
Sorting
How does grain size affect porosity in a well How does grain size affect porosity in a well sorted sediment?sorted sediment?
The example below shows differences in grain The example below shows differences in grain size. Which do you think has the higher porosity?size. Which do you think has the higher porosity?
There is no relationship between grain size and porosity
Plot the relationship between grain Plot the relationship between grain size in a well sorted sediment and size in a well sorted sediment and
porosityporosity
High
Low
Porosity
Grain SizeSmall Large
PermeabilityPermeability Permeability is affected by ______and Permeability is affected by ______and
________.________. How does grain size affect How does grain size affect
permeablility? The example below permeablility? The example below (next slide) shows differences in (next slide) shows differences in grain size. Which do you think has grain size. Which do you think has the higher permeability?the higher permeability?
sizeSorting
Which do you think has the higher Which do you think has the higher permeability?permeability?
The larger the size the greater the permeabilityThe relationship between grain size and permeability:
Sorting and PermeabilitySorting and Permeability The example below shows differences in sorting. The example below shows differences in sorting.
Which do you think has the higher permeability?Which do you think has the higher permeability?
Write the relationship between sorting and permeability:The better the sorting, the greater the permeability.
PermiabilityPermiability PermeabilityPermeability
Infiltration is affected by Infiltration is affected by permeability, permeability, porosityporosity and and slope, temperatureslope, temperature.. Permeability:Permeability:
Porosity:Porosity:
Slope:Slope:
Temperature:Temperature:
The greater the permeability, the greater the infiltration
The greater the porosity, the greater the infiltration.
The lower the slope the greater the infiltration
Temperatures above freezing( Oo) produce greater infiltration
Graph each relationshipGraph each relationship PermeabilityPermeability PorosityPorosity
High
HighLow
High
High
LowRate of Infiltration
Rate of Infiltration
SlopeSlope TemperatureTemperature
HighHigh
High
High
Low Low
Rate InfiltrationRate Infiltration
2.) Amount of runoff is effected by the same three 2.) Amount of runoff is effected by the same three factors but the relationship is exactly the opposite. factors but the relationship is exactly the opposite. Write the relationships between runoff and Write the relationships between runoff and permeability, porosity, slope and Temperaturepermeability, porosity, slope and Temperaturea. a. Permeability vs. RunoffPermeability vs. Runoff::
b. b. Porosity vs. RunoffPorosity vs. Runoff::
c. c. Slope vs. RunoffSlope vs. Runoff::
d. d. Temperature vs. RunoffTemperature vs. Runoff::
The less the permeability, the higher the runoff.
The less the porosity, the higher the runoff.
The greater the slope, the greater the runoff.
Temps less than 00C causes greater runoff.
Objective 4Objective 4How is capillary action affected by grain How is capillary action affected by grain
size?size?
1.1. Capillary ActionCapillary Action::
a. The ________ the grain size the a. The ________ the grain size the ________ the capillary action.________ the capillary action.
Force that that causes water to move upward in sediment
smallergreater
Boulders
Low HighClay
Grain Size
Capillary Action
Summary Water CycleSummary Water Cycle
