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8/17/2019 ground water chemistry
1/22
GROUND WATER
CHEMISTRY
MARIA ZEB AWAN
SP12-BES-006
8/17/2019 ground water chemistry
2/22
CONTENTS Groundwater definition
Obe!ti"e# $%e&i!a' !%ara!teri#ti!# of (roundwater
)i##o'"ed !on#tituent# in (round water
*ra!e e'e&ent# in GW Maor e'e&ent# in GW
$%e&i!a' !%ara!teri#ti!# of (roundwater
Mo"e&ent of (roundwater
Mo"e&ent of !%e&i!a'# wit% (roundwater
A(e of GW
Rea!ti"e nature of GW
A!id# in GW
GW+(round water
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GROUNDWATER DEFINITION Groundwater i# t%e water found
under(round in t%e !ra!# and #.a!e# in #oi'/#and and ro!
It i# #tored in and &o"e# #'ow' t%rou(%
(eo'o(i! for&ation# of #oi'/ #and and ro!#
!a''ed auifer# *%e #tud of water f'ow in aquifers and t%e
!%ara!teri3ation of aquifers i# !a''ed%dro(eo'o(
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O!ECTI"ES
In t%i# .re#entation we wi''
'oo at t%e (enera' !%e&i!a'
!%ara!teri#ti!# of
(roundwater
#o&e of t%e (eo!%e&i!a'
.ro!e##e# t%at are i&.ortant
in t%e !%e&i!a' e"o'ution of
water t%at f'ow# t%rou(% t%e
(round wi'' a'#o be e"a'uated
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DISSO#"ED CONSTITUENTS N GW
A wide ran(e of different e'e&ent# !an
be!o&e di##o'"ed in (roundwater a# a re#u't
of intera!tion# wit% t%e at&o#.%ere/ t%e
#urfi!ia' en"iron&ent/ #oi' and bedro! Ground water# tend to %a"e &u!% %i(%er
!on!entration# of &o#t !on#tituent# t%an do
#urfa!e water#/
dee. (roundwater# %a"e been in !onta!twit% ro! for a 'on( ti&e
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MA!OR COM$ONENTS IN GW
*%e are &ea#ured in &(45
*%e &aor di##o'"ed !o&.onent# of (round
water# in!'ude Anions
bi!arbonate !%'oride #u'.%ate
%ations #odiu&
$a'!iu&
&a(ne#iu& .ota##iu&
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TRACE E#EMENTS IN GW
A'' of t%e e'e&ent# in t%e .eriodi! tab'e are
.re#ent at #o&e !on!entration in &o#t water
#a&.'e#/ but on' a fra!tion of t%e#e are
i&.ortant to u# So&e e7a&.'e!on!entration# 8in &(45 and 9(45: for t%e
#a&e ten #a&.'e# 'i#ted abo"e are (i"en in
t%e tab'e be'ow
;-/ Si/ 5i /B/ A' / Mn/ ;e/ $u/ Zn /A#/ Sr/ andBa
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CHEMICA# CHARACTERISTICSCharacteristics Surface Water Ground Water
Temperature varies with season relatively constants
Turbidity, SSLevel variable, sometimeshigh
Low or nil (except in karstsoil)
Colour
Due mainly to SS (clays,algae) except invery sot or acidic waters
(humic acids)
Due above all to dissolvedsolids
!ineral content"aries with soil, rainall,eluents, etc#
Largely constant, generallyappreciably higher than insurace water rom the samearea
Divalent $e and!n in solution
%sually none, except at the bottom o lakes and ponds in the processo eutrophication
%sually present
Dissolved &'&ten near saturation level,absent in very polluted water
%sually none
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CHEMICA# CHARACTERS &CONT'(Characteristics Surface Water Ground Water
'S %sually none &ten present *
$ound only in pollutedwater
&ten ound
itrates Level generally low Level sometimes high
Silica
%sually moderate
proportions Level oten high
!ineral and organicmicro+pollutants
Can be present but liable todisappear rapidly once the source isremoved
%sually none but anyaccidental
pollutionlasts a verylong time
Living organisms acteria, viruses, plankton -ron bacteria re.uentlyound
Chlorinated solvents /arely present &ten present
0utrophic nature&ten# -ncreased by high
temperatures
one
8/17/2019 ground water chemistry
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MO"EMENT OF GROUND WATER
(roundwater i# in !on#tant &otion t%e rate at w%i!% it &o"e# i#
(enera'' #'ower t%an it wou'd
&o"e in a #trea& be!au#e it &u#t
.a## t%rou(% t%e intri!ate.a##a(ewa# between free #.a!e#
in t%e ro!
;ir#t (roundwater &o"e#
downward due to t%e .u'' of(ra"it
it !an a'#o &o"e u.ward# be!au#e
it wi'' f'ow fro& %i(%er-.re##ure
area# to 'ower .re##ure area#
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MO"EMENT OF GW &CONT'(
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MO"EMENT OF CHEMICA#S A#ONG WITHGROUND WATER
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AGE OF GROUNDWATER T)e a*e &ti+e sin%e re%)ar*e(
,aries in different -arts of *round.water.f/ows0ste+s'
A(e in!rea#e# #teadi' a'on( a .arti!u'ar f'ow
.at% t%rou(% t%e (round-water-f'ow ##te&
fro& an area of re!%ar(e to an area ofdi#!%ar(e
s)a//ow2 /o%a/.s%a/e f/ow s0ste+s a(e# at area#of di#!%ar(e !an "ar fro& 'e## t%an a da to a
few %undred ear# dee-2 re*iona/ f/ow s0ste+s 3 wit% 'on( f'ow
.at%# 8ten# of &i'e#:/ a(e# &a rea!% t%ou#and#
or ten# of t%ou#and# of ear#
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/eactive nature o
groundwater
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ACID REACTION IN GROUNDWATER
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GROUNDWATER CHANGES
Sea#ona' !%an(e#
$ontinuou# de!rea#e due to water una"ai'abi'it
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RECHARGE OF GROUND WATER
Groundwater re!%ar(e or dee. draina(e ordee. .er!o'ation i# a %dro'o(i! .ro!e##
w%ere water &o"e# downward fro& #urfa!e
water to (roundwater
Re!%ar(e i# t%e .ri&ar &et%od t%at waterenter# an auifer
Water !!'e
Natura' re!%ar(e rain water
Artifi!ia' re!%ar(e #ee.a(e
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RECHARGE &CONT'(
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CONC#UDING $OINTS Ground water i# a &aor re#er"oir #tored under t%e
#urfa!e of eart% It !on#i#t of different #&a''er to &aor !o&.onent#
t%at .'a "ita' ro'e in it# !%ara!teri3ation
A!id# .re#ent i# (round water %e'. in di##o'ution of
ro!# around t%e water Ground water &o"e&ent i# #'ower but it# &o#t
!%ara!ter# re&ain !on#tant
Groundwater tab'e !%an(e# o!!ur #ea#ona''
re!%ar(e of (round water i# de.endent on fre#% and
o!ean water
Ant%ro.o(eni! a!ti"itie# are %i(%' di#turbin(
(roundwater uantit and ua'it
8/17/2019 ground water chemistry
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REFERENCES %tt.44www'ennte!%!o&4(roundwater4.ro
.ertie#
%tt.#44www(oo('e!o&.4#ear!%<
+!%e&i!a'=!o&.o#ition=of=(roundwater %tt.44www'ennte!%!o&4(roundwater4.ro
.ertie#%t&
%tt.44.ub#u#(#(o"4!ir!4!ir!11>64%t&'4(e
n?fa!t#%t&'
8/17/2019 ground water chemistry
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8/17/2019 ground water chemistry
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