Ground Services And The Environment; Greening The Ramp · – Focus on TCO and a short payback period. A Practical Approach. A Practical Approach:A Practical Approach: • Eliminate

Ground Services And Ground Services And The Environment; The Environment; Greening The RampGreening The Ramp

Opening of Working Session 1, Opening of Working Session 1, Official WelcomeOfficial Welcome

Michael Feldman, Former Director, Passenger, IATA

Official WelcomeOfficial Welcomeg

Tim Rane, Region Manager,

Is the «Key» New GSE?Is the «Key» New GSE?Tim Rane, Region Manager, Europe, Middle East, Russia & FS Africa, JBT AeroTech

Gerhard Baumgarten, Director GSE Engineering, Lufthansa LEOSLufthansa LEOS

Aviation Industry yEnvironmental & Business

ChallengesChallenges

Tim Rane

Alternative Power Questions

Alternative Power Question - #1Alternative Power Question #1• What is the technology of the future?

Wrong question:

– Hydrogen fuel cells, Li-ion batteries, Super Capacitors, Halbach axial flux motors

Right question:

• What technology is proven and available today?– Lead acid batteries, AC motors and controllers

Alternative Power Question - #2

• What is the most energy efficient system?Wrong question:

– Custom direct drive systems, regenerative braking

Right question:

• What’s the most energy & cost efficient solution?– Large enough batteries, commonality with traditional

products

Alternative Power Question - #3

• How can we get funding for a cool prototype?Wrong question:

– Select brand new, unproven technology

Right question:

• This is not a science project! How can we get Electric Power vehicles deployed at the airport?

Right question:

Right now!– Use proven and affordable technology– Only change the power source, keep the rest common– Focus on TCO and a short payback period

A Practical Approach

A Practical Approach:A Practical Approach:• Eliminate technology risk

– Use proven technology– Maintain commonality for all other systems and components

• Overcome operational obstacles• Overcome operational obstacles– Same operation and controls as diesel powered version– Duty cycle sufficient for a normal shift– Select from multiple proven charging options to fit your application

• Use products available today

You have to considerYou have to consider performance predictionsp p

Cost of Ownership Predictions

Electric Loader vs.A Di l L dAverage Diesel Loader

Major Cost Differences Diesel Electric Electric SavingsPurchase Price $200,000 $250,000 ($50,000) *Annual ExpensesFuel Cost $18,100 $1,650 $16,450Maintenance Cost $12,930 $8,410 $4,520Battery Depreciation $0 $1,600 ($1,600)

Annual Cost Difference $19,370

* Cost DifferenceWill diminish in 2011 and 2012 when the cost for EPA mandated Tier 4 diesels will go up significantly

Considerations with Electric GSE

• New maintenance skill set• Battery maintenance and watering program• Charger maintenance• Operator charging education • Limit driving between gates to conserve charge

Source: Averest

Electricity is Less Expensive and more Stable than Diesel

Price Escalation of Diesel vs Electricity

3.54

.0)

Price Escalation of Diesel vs Electricity

Diesel

22.5

3

ale

(199

8 =

1 Diesel

Electricity

00.5

11.5

Pric

e Sc

a Electricity

Notes:

01998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

1) Electricity scale based on US average for commercial customers (EIA)

2) Diesel scale is based on US average (EIA)

Savings with Electric Loader NPV f S i ith C15i El t i l d i $100 000

$250,000

NPV of Savings with C15i Electric loader is ~$100,000

$150,000

$200,000

,

$50 000

$100,000

$150,000

Cumulative Savings

($50 000)

$0

$50,000

($50,000)0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Year

5 Ways to Re-charge GSE5 Ways to Re-charge GSE

• Regular facilities charger (80V)F / S h (80V)• Fast / Smart chargers (80V)

• Bridge power diverter• Regular on-board charger• Smart 400 Hz on-board GPU charger

5 Ways to Re-charge - #15 Ways to Re charge #1• Regular facilities charger (80V)Regular facilities charger (80V)

– Available in many airports for charging of bag tractors and other light equipmentOften mounted near a main power point at the terminal– Often mounted near a main power point at the terminal

– $2,000 to $5,000 per outlet

5 Ways to Re-charge - #25 Ways to Re charge #2• Fast / Smart chargers (80V)g ( )

– High capacity charger able to replenish 25% of battery charge in less than one hour

• Replenished electricity used on a wide body turn with theReplenished electricity used on a wide body turn with the Commander 15i electric in 15 minutes

– Temperature sensors in battery pack t h ti d i h iprevent overheating during charging

– Battery ID chip allows charger to schedule periodic equalization hcharges

– Cost about double of a regular charger

5 Ways to Re-charge - #35 Ways to Re charge #3• Bridge power diverter

Sh i l li– Shares main power supply line for boarding bridge with electric vehicle chargersA t ti ll it h t– Automatically switches power to give priority to bridge

– Prevents costly electrical i f t t dinfrastructure upgrades

5 Ways to Re-charge - #45 Ways to Re charge #4

• On-board chargerg– Small charger that is integrated in the electric vehicle– Uses 220V or 415V main power from any regular outlet

Available in many configurations for maximum flexibility– Available in many configurations for maximum flexibility

5 Ways to Re-charge - #55 Ways to Re charge #5• 400 Hz on-board GPU charger

– Uses 400 Hz power from an aircraft GPUp– Automatically schedules equalization charges– Recharges 25% of battery in first hour of charge

Ultimate flexibility when charge infrastructure is not yet available– Ultimate flexibility when charge infrastructure is not yet available– Available today and in use on our equipment.

Why Electric GSE?Why Electric GSE?• Technology is available right now.• Environmentally positive.• Operationally acceptable.Operationally acceptable.• Quieter work area, less fumes, cleaner

rampramp.

It makes a good business decisionIt makes a good business decision

Lufthansa Engineering and Operational Services

Dispatch TowingDispatch Towing

dispatch towing the best way to save aircraft fuel and emissions on the ground

F kf

the best way to save aircraft fuel and emissions on the ground

Frankfurt: • 15,6 Min B747-Fleet

(Okt.2007)• 12,3 Min Average12,3 Min Average

LH-Fleetin 2008

source: Lufthansa

source: Airbus

_____________________________Member of the Lufthansa Technik Group

al LEOSGerhard BaumgartenDirector EngineeringTel: +49 (69) 696 7543Email: [email protected]

...long time ago (early 80`s)Development of the first Plane Transportation System (PTS1)

Designed to performDesigned to perform Dispatch Towing up to B747never solved:never solved:• Who is in command –

tug driver or pilot?• Excessive loads -cess e oads

needs modifications of the Nose Gear

• No dedicated separation area close to runway head



TaxiBothow to steer?how to steer?

The pilot steers the nose gear with the tillerp g

The turret platform is free to rotate

Sensors detect the steering angle of the NLGg g

... and steer all the wheels of the tow tractor

Transparent to the pilot

No perceptible change in taxiing Handling of aircraft

source: IAI



TaxiBothow to brake and accelerate?

Free ArmHandling like a car with automatic transmission:

Front Arm

automatic transmission:

• The TaxiBot always pulls slightly forwards

If th il t l th b kDisplacement

Dampers

• If the pilot releases the brake, this is detected by the sensors in the turret platform and the TaxiBot is accelerating

Turret Lock• If the TaxiBot goes too fast or should be stopped, the pilot applies the brake and the TaxiBot decelerate

source: IAI

TaxiBot decelerate

The pilot accelerates and brake with the aircraft brakeNo modification of aircraft required



q

Conversion of the Lufthansa LEOS PTS1 to TaxiBotConversion of the Lufthansa LEOS PTS1 to TaxiBot

source: IAI

Taxibot vehicle total weight 55 Tons

Width4.5 m



Conversion of the Lufthansa LEOS PTS1 to TaxiBotConversion of the Lufthansa LEOS PTS1 to TaxiBot

source: IAI



source: IAI

TaxiBotaircraft simulator with original B747cockpit + B747nose gearg p g

Quelle: IAI



Quelle: IAI

TaxiBot is the solutionTaxiBot is the solution



Gerhard BaumgartenDirector EngineeringTel: +49 (69) 696 7543Email: [email protected]

TaxiBotProject plan

AROARO 20082008YearsYears

2010201020092009 20112011

Project plan

P R iP R i

Program StudyProgram Study

Business Negotiations Business Negotiations PDRPDR CDRCDR

First First international international

airportairportIntegration & Trailer tests

Airbus NLGmeetings

Programs ReviewsPrograms Reviews

Turret Technology Develop.Turret Technology Develop.

Dynamic test bed develop. Dynamic test bed develop. Dyn. Test bedDyn. Test bed

Inter-airport Munich 2009

Test in AirbusToulouse

Customers Demo Toulouse

TPSTPS--1 1 T/DT/D

DEMO Test & Evaluation DEMO Test & Evaluation

First prototype development First prototype development

Prototype Test & Evaluation Prototype Test & Evaluation

Implementation of turret system PrototypePrototype

Initiate production Initiate production

MarketingMarketing

CertificationCertification

L.R. ProductionL.R. Production& delivery& delivery



& delivery& delivery

SummarySummary

• The TaxiBot is the right answer for Dispatch Towing requirement which started in the early 80’s

• The TaxiBot is a green program representing an excellent encounter between economical & environmental interests worldwide

• Return on Investment in relatively short time

• With the latest entry of Airbus into the program, it will be much easier to obtain aviation authorities approval and the airlines’ willingness to buy the system will be much higher

• Worldwide Air Traffic authorities cooperation is required• Worldwide Air Traffic authorities cooperation is required

• Partnership is working well:

– Israel Aerospace Industries (Projekt Management, owner of the Patent)

– Ricardo (Demonstrator)

– TLD (Tractor manufacture)

– Lufthansa LEOS (Consulting, Operations)



u t a sa OS (Co su t g, Ope at o s)

Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!

More details: www.lufthansa-leos.com



Backup:

30 0.06Recorded Taxiing Speed and Acceleration Rate Vs. Time

t ii t T k ff f L A l

What is the actual Taxiing speed?

20

25

0.02

0.04

– taxiing to Take-off from Los Angles

15

20

Spee

d (K

ts)

0.00

0.02

Acc

eler

atio

n (G

)

5

10

-0.04

-0.02

A

0

0

0.7

1.3

2.0

2.9

4.0

5.0

5.6

6.3

7.0

7.6

8.3

9.0

9.6

10.3

11.0

11.6

12.3

13.0

13.6

14.3

15.0

15.6

16.3

17.0

17.6

18.3

19.0

19.6

20.3

21.0

21.6

Time (Min)

-0.06

SPD Acceleration



SPD Acceleration

Operational towing with a standard towbarless tow tractor

The higher the taxiing speed the problem is more critical since the speed is squared (V²)The most critical NLG limitation is the fatigue limit which affects the NLG life limitation

E=1/2*400ton*V²All the forces to stop the

E 1/2*40t *V²

All the forces to stop the aircraft 400 ton are

transmitted thru the NLGE=1/2*40ton*V² All the kinetic energy is

absorbed by the tractor

E=E=11//22**440440ton*Vton*V²²



TaxiBotDramatic reduction in NLG loadsDramatic reduction in NLG loads

E=1/2*400ton*V²

E=1/2*40ton*V²E=1/2*40ton*V²Coordinated tractor braking creates no load on the NLG

All the aircraft kinetic energy is absorbed by the aircraft braking sys.



Backup: ONTO Airbus



Backup: CDG-Taxi-out Times (2008)



Backup: CDG-Taxi-In Times (2008)

Quelle: Airbus



Backup: Emissions

Aircraft Taxi fuel in kgEmissions in kg***

HC CO NOx CO2[17]

A300-600 212 2 8,9 0,85 668

MD-11* 1000 9,03 41,78 3,8 3150

B747-200 405 13,40 26,2 1,3 1276

B747-400** 750 1,01 13,50 3,8 2362

41,78

35

40

45

* Quantity of taxiing fuel for Lufthansa Cargo MD11/ emissions-value CF6-80C2D1F** Quantity of taxiing fuel for Lufthansa B747-400 (Estimated taxiing time 16 minutes)*** taken from the IACO Engine Exhaust Data Bank [4]

Values of the A300-600 and B747-200 come from evaluations of Krauss-Maffei

13,4

9,038,9

13,5

26,2

10

15

20

25

30

Emis

sion

s in

kg

1,010,85 1,323,83,8

0

5

212 kg 1000 kg 405 kg 750 kg

A300-600 MD-11 B747-200 B747-400

Quelle:KM&LH

Schadstoffemissionen in kg HC Schadstoffemissionen in kg CO Schadstoffemissionen in kg NOxsource: Lufthansa LEOS Study



Quelle:KM&LH source: Lufthansa LEOS Study

What will be the future technologie for dispatch towing?Overview of technical solutionsOverview of technical solutions

• Tow Tractor with Towbar

• Towbarless Nose Gear Tow Tractor• Towbarless Nose Gear Tow Tractor

• Main Gear Tow Tractor (Power Push)

• Pick Up Service“ (Airbus Idea)„Pick Up Service (Airbus Idea)

• Nose Gear Drive (integrated Motor in Nose Gear)Nose Gear Drive (integrated Motor in Nose Gear)

• Single Engine Taxing

• TaxiBot (Pilot commanded Tow Tractor)( )



Green Build Project, San Diego Green Build Project, San Diego International AirportInternational Airport

Dan McGuckin, Project Director

Tom Rossbach Project Design

International AirportInternational Airport

Tom Rossbach, Project Design Director

Aft N t ki C ff Aft N t ki C ff Afternoon Networking Coffee Afternoon Networking Coffee Break and Break and AppCalAppCal MeetingsMeetingspppp ggSponsored by:

Martin Ng, Director,

Cooperation For Greener AirportsCooperation For Greener Airportsg, ,

Engineering, Cara Airline Solutions

Xavier Oh, Senior Manager Environment and ICAO Liaison, ACILiaison, ACI

Joseph Suidan, Assistant Director, ISAGO, IATA, ,

23rd IGHC Annual Meeting and3rd IATA ground Operations Symposium May 16-19 2010 San DiegoMay 16-19, 2010, San Diego

Ground Services and the Environment -C ti f G Ai t Cooperation for Greener Airports

An Airline Caterer Perspective An Airline Caterer Perspective

Presented byMartin Ng, P. Eng.Director Engineering Director, Engineering Cara Airline Solutions

Cara Airline Solutions

Cara Airline Solutions, Division of Cara Operations Limited, a privatelyheld, Canadian owned company founded by the Phelan family in 1883

Largest operator of full service restaurants in Canada

Employ over 40,000 Canadians in its owned & franchised operations

Cara Airline Solutions is Canada’s leading provider of catering & logisticsservices to the airline & rail travel industry with over 60 airline customers

Operate 10 airline catering centres across Canada Operate 10 airline catering centres across Canada

Cara Airline Solutions

Edmonton

Centre Locations

VancouverCalgary Regina

Winnipeg

T t

Quebec CityHalifax

TorontoMontreal

Ottawa

Contents

Cooperation for Greener Airports – An Airline Caterer Perspective

Contents

1. Climate Change and Aviation

2. Ground Operations at the Ramp

3. Environmental Challenges for Airline Caterers

4. Cara Environmental Stewardship – Our achievements to-date

5. Environmental Footprint Reduction – Greenhouse Gas(GHG) Emissions

6. Waste Management & Waste Recycling

7. Ecological Footprint Reduction

8. Going Forward

Climate Change & Aviation

Climate change & global warming…………a “truly global threat”

Rising global temperatures increasing catastrophic climatic consequences

Aviation is responsible for 2% of global CO2 emissions Aviation is responsible for 2% of global CO2 emissions

UN Climate Change Conference Copenhagen (COP15) Dec 2009UN Climate Change Conference, Copenhagen (COP15) Dec., 2009:

• Not able to succeed Kyoto protocol with binding fixed emissions target

• Consensus for a global sectoral approach for aviation emissionsby ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization), UN’s agency for aviation

IATA Goals for Reducing Carbon Emissions:

y ( g ), g y

• 1.5%avg. annual improvement in fuel efficiency to 2020

• Carbon neutral growth by 2020

• 50% reduction in emissions by 2050, relative to 2005

Ground Operations at the Ramp

At The RampFood Caterers

Airport Operations (safety, security, gate, etc)

At The Ramp

Cabin Groomers

Maintenance

GSE OperationsBaggage & Cargo

Handlers

Fuel Handlers

GSE Operations(de-icing, marshalling, push back, etc)

Environmental Challenges at the Ramp

Environmental Challenges for Airline Caterers :

High energy footprint• Refrigeration & electricity used in food manufacturing • Fuel used in transporting to aircrafts

High waste footprintg p• Waste disposal from international inbound flights & food production• Stringent federal waste control regulations

High ecological footprintHigh ecological footprint• Waste water from dish washing & food production processes

Cooperation for Greener Airports – An Airline Caterer Perspective

Cara Environmental Stewardship :Cara Environmental Stewardship :Our Achievements To-Date Correlation of energy efficiencies to GHG emission

Continuous diesel fuel consumption monitoring

Aggressive diesel fuel consumption reduction program

D l d f l ffi i b hi l f Deployed fuel efficient sub-compact vehicles for ramp use

Deployed full emission controlled new hi-lift catering trucks to meet US-EPA 2010emission standards

Facility energy management & conservation program

Waste management and recycling program

YYZ – AOC international waste process conversion from incineration to landfill

Precrusher technology on waste compactors to remove liquid from international waste

Ecological footprint reduction -waste water pre-treatment process in Toronto Ecological footprint reduction waste water pre treatment process in Toronto

Less Energy Less Emissions

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Reduction

“Energy Productivity” is the greatest opportunity toreduce environmental footprint and costs

Less Energy = Less Emissions

reduce environmental footprint and costs

1. Diesel fuel consumption reduction program

Cara’s Emissions Reduction Opportunities:

p p g

2. Deploy fuel efficient sub-compact cars

3. Deploy full emission controlled hi-lift catering trucks tomeet US-EPA 2010 emission requirements

4. Facility energy management & conservation program

5. Investigate alternate clean renewable energy sourcessuch as solar water heating, hybrid vehicles & biofuel

Diesel Fuel Consumption Reduction Program

“Cannot measure it, cannot improve it”

2006 2007 2008 2009

538,000 Litres 567,000 Litres 493,000 Litres 428,000 Litres

-13% -13% Toronto

2.70 Kg GHG / litre diesel savings

13% 13%

25% consumption reduction over 2 years 139,000 litres diesel fuel saved 375 Tonnes GHG emission reduction

2007 2008 2009

226,000 Litres 205,000 Litres 188,000 Litres

-9% -8%


Vancouver

2007 2008 2009

308,000 Litres 312,000 Litres 300,000 Litres


Montreal

-4%

500 Tonnes of Greenhouse Gas Emission saved over 2 years500 Tonnes of Greenhouse Gas Emission saved over 2 yearsfrom Cara’s 3 largest centres

Introduced in 2008 sub-compact Chevrolet Aveos l i f id ti

Deploy Fuel Efficient Sub-Compact Cars

replacing cargo vans for ramp side operations

Small 1.6 liter engine consumes 75% less fuelover cargo van with V8 engines

8 tonnes GHG Emission / Aveo / year

20 Aveos deployed over 2 years

Future Greener Vehicles:• Hybrid• Hybrid• Electric• Emerging alternative fuel

160 Tonnes of Greenhouse Gas Emission saved over 2 years

US EPA 2010 i i t d d f NOX (Nit O id ) f t k b t 0 2 NOX

Deploy Full Emission Controlled New Hi-Lift Catering Trucks to MeetUS-EPA 2010 Emission Requirement

US-EPA 2010 emission standards for NOX (Nitrogen Oxide) from new trucks be at 0.2 NOXg/bhp-hr(grams per brake horsepower hour)

Canadian emissions standards are being harmonize with US-EPA federal standardsCanadian emissions standards are being harmonize with US-EPA federal standards

Two Approaches for meeting EPA 2010 emission requirements: (SCR) Technology – Selective Catalytic Reduction an exhaust after

Nitrogen

(SCR) Technology – Selective Catalytic Reduction, an exhaust after treatment system that runs on an additional urea based fluid(DEF-diesel exhaust fluid)

(EGR) Technology – Exhaust Gas Recirculation in cylinder using new engine designs that recycle a portion of the engine’s exhaust back to the O

xide

g g y p gcylinder to burn off excess pollutants

Cara’s 2010 6 new hi-lift catering trucks will be on International

P ti l t M tt

Navistar chassis which uses the EGR technology & complies with EPA 2010

Particulate Matter Future Greener Vehicles:• Hybrid trucks• Biofuel blends

All Cara Airline Solutions facilities have implemented some form of automated or manual energyt & ti t d l t i it & t l ti

Facility Energy Management & Conservation Program

management & conservation program to reduce on electricity & natural gas consumption

Cara Toronto Centre Energy Management Program :

Energy Efficient Lighting & Control High voltage HID type, motion sensor control, schedule control

Energy savings :Computerized control all lighting, HVAC & refrigeration systemHigh efficiency motorsHigh power factor(95%+) Central refrigeration plant using glycol & chilled water as Cara Toronto CentreCentral refrigeration plant using glycol & chilled water as

secondary refrigerant

Waste heat recovery : Dishwasher exhaust to preheat make-up water to dishwashers

Cara Toronto Centre 268,000 SF Catered over 450 flights daily North America’s largest flight kitchen

& one of world’s largest

Architectural building “green” designs : Use of natural lights, tinted & double insulated window

glazing, increased wall, ceiling, coolers & freezers insulation

Canada GHG (Greenhouse Gas) Emission Trend & Kyoto Protocol Target

Cara’s GHG Emission Reduction Contribution

( ) y g

Sources: Adapted from Environment Canada’s National Inventory Report, 1990–2006: Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada (May 2008) and A Climate Change Plan for the Purposes of the Kyoto Protocol Implementation Act (May 2008).p y p ( y )

Cara Airline Solutions has contributed in 2008-2009 areduction of over 700 tonnes of GHG-CO2 emissions throughour various emissions reduction programs

Waste Management & Waste Recycling

Cara Waste Recycling Activities :

Synergize waste recycling program with airline customers

Cara Waste Recycling Activities :

Synergize waste recycling program with airline customers

Promotion of waste segregation at source by flight attendants for airline waste

Conflicting federal & provincial rules on recycling from international flights

New & upcoming municipal legislations on waste segregation

Currently recycling newspapers, magazines, cardboards, plastics, glass,aluminum cans & organics where possiblealuminum cans & organics where possible

Baled cardboards is now a revenue generator base on market price

Innovative recycling activities (ie. Magazines donated to hospitals, othersy g ( g p ,recyclables to charities, volunteer recyclers

Cara Toronto YYZ-AOC/ACC International Waste Process Conversion


Cara Toronto participated in the YYZ-AOC(Airport Operators Committee) international waste process conversion in 2009 from incineration to landfill

Inbound international waste have historically been incinerated offsite

incineration to landfill

International waste process change from incineration to CFIA landfill site

Lower waste disposal costs to airlines

L dfill t t t t i l h f l t th i t th i i tiLandfill waste treatment is less harmful to the environment than incineration

Diverted 8,000 tonnes/year international waste stream from incineration

Solid Waste Stream Liquid Reduction


Deployed pre-crusher technology on self contained waste compactors to remove liquid from solid waste stream

Liquid waste (partially consumed water, juices & food) from inbound flights areinherent in the nature of the waste stream

New automated pre crusher technology on waste compactors squeezes out theNew automated pre-crusher technology on waste compactors squeezes out theliquid during compactor operations

Benefits :•15% reduction in solid waste tonnages•15% reduction in solid waste tonnages

•Increase waste compactor load capacity

•Reduced waste handling costs

Waste Water Pre-Treatment System (Cara Toronto)

Ecological Footprint Reduction

“Municipal wastewater effluents are a leading source of the BOD, TSS, nutrients, organic chemicals and metals that are discharged into Canadian waters” Environment Canada

Waste water produced during food production, dishwashing & sanitation process

waters ………….….Environment Canada

100% of all plant waste water are pre-treated

Waste water effluent discharge meets & exceed regulatory requirements in : TSS level (Total Suspended Solids) BOD l l (Bi l i l O D d) BOD level (Biological Oxygen Demand) Neutral PH level (Neutral Acidity)

3-stage pre-treatment process : 1st Stage PH dilution and blending tank 1st Stage- PH dilution and blending tank 2nd Stage- Rotary strainer for solids separation 3rd Stage- Grease interceptor

Waste Water Pre-Treatment System (Cara Toronto)

Ecological Footprint Reduction

All wares, dish & trolley washers waste water

All other processwaste water

All floor

drains

Allhand sinks

All foodproduction

kitchen wastewater

caustic injection(if required)

acid injection(if required)

strained liquid waste stream

2nd STAGERotaryStrainer

1st STAGE25,000 gallons(115 000 liters)3 d STAGE

solid waste from strained solids pump

(115,000 liters)in-ground blending

tank with ph controls for ph neutralization

3rd STAGEin-ground

grease interceptor

Discharge to municipalsewage system

Going ForwardGoing Forward

C ti d d ti ith ll t k h ldContinued education with all stakeholders

Promotion of industry voluntary initiatives & emission trading as preferable totaxes and charges to maximize environmental benefits

GHG emissions has to be part of the equation in all business decisions

Continuous improvement in waste management & recycling

C ti i t i “E P d ti it ”Continuous improvement in “Energy Productivity”

Alternative fuel/powered vehicles such as biofuel blends & electric

Hybrid hi-lift catering trucksHybrid hi lift catering trucks

Deploy renewable clean energy systems for production processesSolar hot water heatingSolar Photovoltaic Solar Photovoltaic

Environmental agenda is good for business

Thank You

Cara Airline SolutionsM ti N P E

Thank You

Martin Ng, P. Eng.Director, EngineeringTel: 905-405-4188Email : [email protected]: www.cara.com

Cooperation for Greener Airports

3rd IATA Ground Operations SymposiumSan Diego g16-19 May 2010Xavier OhACI MontrealACI Montreal17 May Track 1 – Ground Services and the Environment –Greening the Ramp

Outline of Presentation Outline of Presentation Ground Handling Environmental Issues

ACI A h t Ai t G h G E i i ACI Approach to Airport Greenhouse Gas Emissions Management

Airport Approach to Ground Handling Emissions Airport Approach to Ground Handling Emissions Management

Ground Handling Environmental IssuesGround Handling Environmental IssuesLocal Air Quality and GHG emissions Aircraft APU Ground Support Equipment (non-road) Service Vehicles (road)WasteWaste Solid waste (galley, cabin)Water Toilet sewage De-icing effluents

P t bl t l Potable water supplyIncidents Fuel spills ground contaminationFuel spills, ground contamination

ACI Guidance Manual on Airport GHG E i i M t (2009)Emissions Management (2009)

Comprehensive structureDefinitions A iation s Airport emissions Definitions – Aviation vs Airport emissions

– Emissions categories - Scopes 1, 2, 3A and 3B Drivers – Voluntary or Regulatory Inventory – Complete, categorized, calculated Goal Setting – Airport and non-airport operator sources

Measures to reduce GHG emissions Measures to reduce GHG emissions Offsetting and achieving Carbon Neutrality Reviewing, Reporting and Certification

Consistent with WRI GHG Protocol, ACRP Rpt 11 Inventory Guidebook and Airport Carbon Accreditation.

g, p g

and Airport Carbon Accreditation.

Airport vs Aviation EmissionsAirport vs Aviation EmissionsAviation Emissions

Ai ft i d APU i i d d i Aircraft engine and APU emissions on ground and in-flight

Kyoto Protocol excluded International AviationKyoto Protocol excluded International AviationAirport and Airport-Related Emissions Terminals, aircraft maintenance buildings, airside

vehicles, GSE/GH Landside (off site) ground access vehicles, trains

Ai ft LTO t ii i APU Aircraft – LTO, taxiing, queuing, APU, run-ups

World Resources Institute GHG Protocol World Resources Institute GHG Protocol Scope 1 Emissions

F d t ll d b th i t From sources owned or controlled by the airport operator

Scope 2 EmissionsScope 2 Emissions From the off-site generation of electricity purchased

by the airport operator Scope 3 Emissions From airport-related activities from sources not owned

or controlled by the airport operatoror controlled by the airport operator

ACI Manual on GHG Emissions Management ACI Manual on GHG Emissions Management Subdivision of Scope 3 emissions

S 3A S 3 i i hi h i t Scope 3A are Scope 3 emissions which an airport operator can influence, even though it does not control the sources. These would be included in an airport’s pEmissions Management Plan

Scope 3B are Scope 3 emissions which an airport operator cannot influence to any reasonable extentoperator cannot influence to any reasonable extent

Airport Scope 1 and 2 Inventories Airport Scope 1 and 2 Inventories Scope 1 Emissions Power plant / emergency generatorsPower plant / emergency generators Fleet vehicles Airport maintenance/landscapingp p g Airport-owned GSE Fire training

Scope 2 Emissions From the off-site generation of electricity purchased

by the airport operator by the airport operator

Airport Scope 3A and 3B Inventories Airport Scope 3A and 3B Inventories Scope 3A Emissions Aircraft engines during LTO taxiing queuingAircraft engines during LTO, taxiing, queuing Aircraft APU Airline/contractor GSE and airside vehicles Ground access vehicles on site incl parking lots Corporate travel / Construction

Scope 3B Emissions Aircraft engines during cruise

G d hi l ff it Ground access vehicles off site Aircraft maintenance Rail traffic Rail traffic Off-site waste disposal

Mitigation of Scope 1 and 2 Emissions Mitigation of Scope 1 and 2 Emissions Modernize power/heating plants

G t l t i it f bl ( l i d Generate electricity from renewable sources (solar, wind hydroelectric, biomass)

Energy efficient buildings and lightingEnergy efficient buildings and lighting Fleet vehicle modernization and use of alternative

fuels/hybrid/electric Driver education and no-idling policy Solid waste management

Mitigation of Scope 3A Emissions Mitigation of Scope 3A Emissions Non-Aircraft

E h bli t t Enhance public transport Hotel and car rental shuttle bus consolidation Green vehicle preferential taxi queue and general parking Green vehicle preferential taxi queue and general parking Infrastructure for petrol alternatives including staff

bicyclesAircraft Provide (and enforce) fixed electrical ground power

(FEGP) d diti d i (PCA)(FEGP) and pre-conditioned air (PCA) Provide efficient taxiway and airport layout Departure management Departure management

Airport Carbon AccreditationAirport Carbon AccreditationVoluntary ACI scheme for airports to gain certification of achievements in GHG emissions managementGHG emissions managementFour levels of achievement1: Inventory (Scopes 1, 2 and some 3)1: Inventory (Scopes 1, 2 and some 3)2: Reduction of emissions (Scopes 1 and 2)3: Optimisation – involving stakeholders (Scope 3A)3+: Offsetting and Carbon Neutrality (Scopes 1, 2 and some 3A)

www.airportcarbonaccreditation.org

GSE Contribution to airport emissions GSE Contribution to airport emissions

Aircraft LTONOx and HC inventories at Zurich Airport (2004)

HC (t/a)Aircraft APU

Engine start/idle

GPU

NOx (t/a)GPU

Handling/GSE

Airside vehicles

Boiler

Engine run up/mtceAirpt Mtce

Refuelling

Fire drills

ConstructionGPU + GSE + airside veh: NOx 12% and HC 6%

Construction

Local Air Quality RegulationsLocal Air Quality Regulations Monitoring and

computer computer modelling at Zurich

Red indicates exceedance of local NOx regulatory limitregulatory limit

Airport and road sources

Zurich’s Joint Approach Zurich s Joint Approach Agree GSE Roadmap 2008

All j t k All major partners work together on a local programme (7 partners operate 90% of all ( p p1500 GSE/vehicles)

All mitigation approaches (regulatory technical (regulatory, technical, operational and economic) are investigated and implemented as appropriate

Zurich Airport Programme Zurich Airport Programme FEGP 400Hz/PCA all

gatesgates APU restrictions CNG fueling stationCNG fueling station Partner actions - PM

filter traps, electric t CNG t tcarts, CNG tractors

GSE maintenance programmes programmes

Further examples Further examples Electric vehicle recharge station - DFW

Further examples Further examples Hydrogen vehicle filling station - LAX

Further examples Further examples Compressed air vehicles – Schiphol/KLM

Thank you

X i OhXavier OhSenior Manager – Environment and ICAO LiaisonAirports Council InternationalAirports Council InternationalMontreal, Canada

h@ [email protected]

Green Ground Operations –pAirlines’ View

Joseph Suidan for Thomas Rötger, IATAIGHC, San Diego, 17 May 2010

OverviewOverview IATA’s Environment Strategy

G d O ti d E i t Ground Operations and Environment Environmental Management Airlines’ Considerations: Airlines Considerations:

APU vs Ground Power Taxiing De-icing De-icing Cabin waste and potable water

Conclusions and Way forward

19 May 2010Name of Project 44

Aviation industry commitmentsAviation industry commitments 1.5% p.a. average efficiency improvement to 2020 Carbon-neutral growth from 2020 Reduce NET emissions 50% by 2050 compared to

20052005

Goals are collective industry goalsAt l b l l l At global level

Technology is a major driver t hi th t t


to achieve these targets

IATA Four Pillar StrategyIATA Four Pillar Strategy Technology

Airframe, engine, systems Cleaner bio-fuels, new energy sources

Aircraft operationsp Drive for maximum efficiency & minimum weight

Infrastructure Improve air routes ATM & airport procedures Improve air routes, ATM & airport procedures

Economic instruments Positive economic measures


Environmental Impact of Ground OperationsEnvironmental Impact of Ground OperationsAPU CO2 Air quality Noise (workplace)Taxiing CO Air quality Noise (neighbourhood)Taxiing CO2 Air quality Noise (neighbourhood)Ground vehicles CO2 Air qualityCabin waste Recycling / incinerationPotable ater ContaminationPotable water ContaminationMaintenance Noise (workplace) Hazardous wasteDe-icing Water contamination

• Ground vehicles contribute to 10 to 20% of near-airport pollution with fine particulate matter, similar for APU

• Taxiing engines are strongest airport source of unburned hydrocarbons


g g g p yand carbon monoxide

Environmental ManagementEnvironmental Management –IATA activities Industry standards

ISAGO, Airport Handling Manual (AHM) Environment chapter 10 added to AHM

IATA’s Environmental auditing scheme: Evaluation form with relevant questions (Appendix to AHM) Modular greenhouse gas inventory tool (according to ISO 14064): under g g y ( g )

development


APU replacement by ground power Many airports restrict APU usage

to reduce noise and emissionsR l t b bil GPU fi d d Replacement by mobile GPUs or fixed ground power installations Fixed ground power best for local air quality Keep in mind origin of ground power Keep in mind origin of ground power

Airlines’ requirements: Favourable user charges Sufficient number of units available Sufficient number of units available

no waiting times Also provide pre-conditioned air

whenever weather conditions require it


whenever weather conditions require it otherwise APU use is not avoided

APU Ground power and emissions tradingAPU, Ground power and emissions trading Emissions trading schemes:

Industries must surrender emissions permits for their CO emissions Industries must surrender emissions permits for their CO2 emissions EU ETS: Mandatory for airlines flying into EU from 2012 UK Carbon Reduction Commitment: Mandatory for large range of non-

industrial facilities, incl. airports, from 2010 Other countries may follow

APU replacement by ground power: Clear environmental benefit CO2 reduction at airlines, increase at airports Satisfying solution for both to be developed


TaxiingTaxiingState of the art: Single-engine taxiingIn test: Operational pushback and towing to runwayIn test: Operational pushback and towing to runway Advantages:

Fuel and CO2 saving Reduction of local emissions and noise Reduction of local emissions and noise Improved aircraft performance (extended range with the same fuel

quantity) Requirements:q

Favourable cost structure Sufficient number of (right size) tugs to be available

No loss of time


Control from cockpit very helpful

De icingDe-icing De-icing fluids contain glycol (a water contaminant) Main de icing concepts: Main de-icing concepts:

at the gate (de-icing vehicles driven to each aircraft) less time-consuming (during normal turnaround)

at specific remote positions near to take-off at specific remote positions near to take off with de-icing vehicles or fixed de-icing bridges no risk of new icing during taxi-out easier to recollect de-icing fluidg most of the fluid can be recycled

Recommendations: Select optimal de-icing system for each airport


Invest in better recollection and recycling systems for de-icing fluid

Cabin issuesCabin issues Cabin waste

R t i ti h i d t l i t i i l Restrictive hygiene and customs laws in many countries: special treatment, mostly incineration

Recycling still very rare How to make it financially beneficial? How to make it financially beneficial?

Some waste back-flown Reasons: Waste disposal cost? Regulations?

Potable water Potable water Contamination risk


Conclusions and Way forwardConclusions and Way forward High potential for environmental improvement of ground operations

IATA’ l IATA’s role: Ensure availability of environmental audit scheme and inventory tools Disseminate info about best practices Collect relevant data Support dialogue and coordination between stakeholders (airlines /

airports / ground handlers / manufacturers / authorities)


Thank you!y

H i d G t A ti T M t H i d G t A ti T M t Harmonized Government Actions To Meet Harmonized Government Actions To Meet The Green Agenda On The RampThe Green Agenda On The RampModerator: Rob Eagles, Director, Infrastructure, Safety Operations & Infrastructure, IATA

Martin Meyer, Vice President Executive Aviation, Swissport International Ltd.

Neale Millett, Head Of Global Airside & ,Standards, European Air Transport

Martin Ng, Director, Engineering, Cara Airline SolutionsCara Airline Solutions

Xavier Oh, Senior Manager Environment and ICAO Liaison, ACI

Documents

Ground Services And The Environment; Greening The Ramp · – Focus on TCO and a short payback period. A Practical Approach. A Practical Approach:A Practical Approach: • Eliminate