Ground Cleaning Report

8/20/2019 Ground Cleaning Report

1/43

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF GROUND

CLEANING MACHINE

SYNOPSIS

This project deals with the fabrication of ground cleaning ac!ine.

The aim of this project mopis to develop and modernized process for

cleaning the ground by switch on/off the machine.

It is very useful for cleaning the ground. It can be widely used in

houses, hospitals, auditorium, shops, computer centers, etc. In modern days

interior decorations are becoming an important role in our life. Cleaning of

ground is a very important one for our health and reduces the man power

requirement. very day children are playing games in the ground and their

dress, foot, body having dust. They are clean all the dust containing before

entering into the room or home. In our project floor are cleaned

automatically by putting the step in the machine. !ence our project is

very useful in our day to day life.


2/43

INTRODUCTION

Cleaning Mac!ine is very much useful in hospitals, houses,

auditorium, shops, computer centers etc" it is very simple in construction and

easy to operate. #nybody can operate this machine easily. It consists of

large number of brush and this brush is used to clean the floor . !ence it is

very useful in hospitals, houses, etc. The time ta$en for cleaning is very less

and the cost is also very less. %aintenance cost is less. There are several

numbers of cleaning machine and are wor$ing under different principles and

the cost is also very high.

In our project is very simple drive mechanism and easy to operate any

persons and children. The size of the machine is also portable, so we can

transfer from one place to other place very easily. In our cleaning ac!ine

is simple, all house holding device" even children can also operate it easily

with safety. It is very important one for each and every houses and hospitals

etc.


3/43

NEED OF THE PRO"ECT

To achieve high safety

To reduce man power

To increase the efficiency of the mop

To reduce the mopload

To reduce the fatigue of wor$er

To reduce time consumption

&ess %aintenance cost

To reduce power


4/43

Rea#on# $or cleaning $loor#

The principal reasons for floor cleaning are'

To prevent injuries due to tripping or slipping. Injuries due to slips

and trips on level floors are a major cause of accidental injury or

death. (ad practice in floor cleaning is itself a major cause of

accidents.

To beautify the floor.

To remove stains dirt, litter and obstructions.

To remove grit and sand which scratch and wear down the surface.

To remove allergens, in particular dust.

To prevent wear to the surface e.g. by using a floor wa) or protective

sealant.

To ma$e the environment sanitary e.g. in $itchens.

To maintain an optimum traction e.g. for dance floors.


5/43

Me%!od# o$ $loor cleaning

The treatment needed for different types of floors is very different. *or

safety it is most important to ensure the floor is not left even slightly wet

after cleaning or mopping up.

+awdust is used on some floors to absorb any liquids that fall rather than

trying to prevent them being spilt. The sawdust is swept up and replaced

each day. This was common in the past in pubs and is still used in some

butchers and fishmongers.

It used to be common to use tea leaves to collect dirt from carpets and

remove odours. owadays it is still quite common to use diatomaceous

earth, or in fact any cat litter type dust, to remove infestations from floors.

There are also a wide variety of floor cleaning machines available today

such as floor buffers,automatic floor scrubbers and sweepers, and carpet


6/43

e)tractors that can deep clean almost any type of hard floor or carpeted

flooring surface in much less time than it would ta$e using a traditional

cleaning method.

&ood $looring

-ood flooring should be treated completely differently depending on

whether it wa)ed or oiled, or whether it has a polyurethane coating. It is

important to determine the type of finish of a wood floor and always treat it

the appropriate way, for instance it is difficult to clear wood floor wa) from

a polyurethane floor.

Tile $loor cleaning

owadays many modern $itchens, stairs and bathrooms have tile flooring.

irt or dust should first be removed with a vacuum cleaner or a broom.

Then, a dry cloth duster or dust mop should be run over the floors after they

have been swept. In the end, washing tiles with warm water will cleanse tiles

easily.

educing the need for cleaning

0ood well1maintained entrance matting can dramatically reduce the need for

cleaning. *or public and office buildings about 23 to 435 of the dirt is

trac$ed in from outside. Installing a total of 67 feet of matting consisting of

both indoor and outdoor sections will remove about 235 of this.24 Thus


7/43

about two1thirds of the dirt can be removed at the entrance. (+ 8479

:ntrance flooring systems. +election, installation and maintenance: has

standards relating to barrier matting.

CHARATERISTICS OF CLEANING MACHINE

Cleaning %achine

• It is the simplest and accurate machine used in production shop.

• The floor is held stationary

• ie. Clamped in position and the mop rotates to ma$e clean.

T'(e#

6; (ased on construction'


8/43

=; (ased on *eed'

!and driven


9/43

The spindle holds the mop or cleaning mops and revolves in a fi)ed

position in a sleeve.

+leeve

The sleeve or quill assembly does not revolve but may slide in its

bearing in a direction parallel to its a)is. -hen the sleeve carrying the

spindle with a cleaning mop is lowered, the cleaning mop is fed into the

wor$' and when it>s moved upward, the cleaning mop is withdrawn from the

wor$. *eed pressure applied to the sleeve by hand or power causes the

revolving mop to cut its way into the mopa fraction of an mm per revolution.

Column

The column is cylindrical in shape and built rugged and solid. The

column supports the head and the sleeve or quill assembly.

!ead

The head of the cleaning machine is composed of the sleeve, a

spindle, an electric motor and feed mechanism. The head is bolted to the

column.

(ase


10/43

The base of the cleaning machine supports the entire machine and

when bolted to the floor, provides for vibration1free operation and best

cleaning accuracy. The top of the base is similar to the wor$table and may be

equipped with t1 slot for mounting moptoo larger for the table.

!and *eed

The hand1 feed cleaning machines are the simplest and most common

type of cleaning machines in use today. These are light duty machine that are

operated by the operator, using a feed handled, so that the operator is able to

?feel@ the action of the cleaning mop as it cuts through the floor. These

cleaning machines can be bench or floor mounted.


11/43

directly to the table or base using t Abolts and clamps by a small mopplaces

are held in a vise. # depth Astop mechanism is located on the head, near the

spindle, to aid in cleaning to a precise depth.

)*FACTORS AFFECTING CLEANING

2.6 *(#CB #I#(&+

To $now the position, and therefore the velocity and

acceleration, of the machine mop it is necessary for the machine to be under

closed1loop control. This requires feedbac$ information. The basic tenet of

precision cleaning and precision engineering is if the position of a specific


12/43

point is required to be $nown, then measure the location of that pointD This

may seem overly simple, but is most often overloo$ed or is not possible.

eferring bac$ to the previous statement regarding the location of the

cleaning interface, the point of contact between the mop and the wor$piece

is where the feedbac$ device should be located. eedless to say, that is

normally not possible. #t the other end of the spectrum, a feedbac$ device

may often be placed on the actuation mechanism causing the desired, or at

least commanded, motion. #n e)ample of this is an encoder attached to a

drive motor which provides information on a change in angular position of

the motor. +imply put, this feedbac$ strategy will only provide information

about the angular change in the lead1screw drive mechanism and not about

the lead1screw or the linear position of the stage. The motor could be

slipping on the lead1screw or the lead1screw may have non1linearities. In

either case, false information could be returned.

2.9 %E< -#

#gain, the wear of the cleaning mop is normally not a

directly measured variable but can result in an inaccurate cleaning condition

a$in to a feedbac$ error. (ecause the mop edge is not where it is thought to

be due to wear, and its location cannot be readily measured in use, this

results in the same type error as not measuring the location of interest. If the


13/43

mop edge is assumed to have a constant spatial coordinate or a constant

length from some other $nown point on the mop holder, typically the mop

slide at the base of the mop holder sensed by a linear encoder, then any

change in that information will result in an error. #s the mop edge wears, it

is shortened and will result in a larger than commanded wor$piece

dimension. If the operation is turning, the shaft will be larger in diameter.

2.F #GI+ ET!E0E#&ITH

Traditional orthogonal; machine mops opposed to spatial

free1form machine mops based on +tewart platforms, for e)ample; are

composed of $inematic lin$s ideally situated at right angles to each other. It

is assumed the right angles are present and are maintained throughout all

operational procedures. (ecause the a)is motions are $inematically coupled,

as opposed to physically coupled, errors will result if the a)es are not

JperfectlyJ orthogonal. # motion of only the )1a)is, which carries the y1a)is

stage, will result in some amount of y motion due to the a)es not being at

right angles. # y1motion however would not manifest itself as an )1error. #

non1orthogonal z1a)is motion could result in motion components in ) and y

if the non1orthogonality is two dimensional. #s most fi)ed errors, if these

angular errors are $nown, they can be compensated.


14/43

2.7 %#C!I %E< #I#(&+

#s mentioned previously, a machine mop is a spatial

manipulator. #ll manipulators have joints revolute joints such as a spindle

or prismatic joints such as a linear slide;, structural elements or lin$s

connecting the joints, actuators, and positional feedbac$ sensors. (ecause

machine mops e)perience forces generated by cleaning and the weight of the

structural elements themselves, all machine mops are subject to errors called

machine mop variables. The following variables are not all inclusive but do

include many of the more prominent sources of these errors.

+


15/43

effect is more pronounced for larger values of damping between the natural

frequency and appro)imately 6.F times the natural frequency and less at an

input frequency ratio greater than 6.F. This reiterates the fact that the

machine and the process must be well understood and quantified

fundamental of a deterministic viewpoint; to be made precise.

-hile calculating the natural frequency of the

machine elements can be difficult, it is one way to estimate which spindle

speeds should be avoided. asier methods require some level of

instrumentation, but not beyond what is normally available. %apping the

vibration signature of the basic machine requires some time, but is well

worth the investment. # few accelerometers placed around the structural

loop, particularly one at the mop tip and one at the wor$piece will yield a

great deal of information. (y electronically ta$ing the difference of the

vibration signatures at these two points, as a function of spindle speed for

e)ample, can give a good predictor for vibration induced errors. If the two

signals are in phase and of the same amplitude, there is essentially rigid

body motion and no relative motion between the mop tip and the wor$piece.

#s a first order appro)imation, this is a desired condition. If however, there

are vast differences in the amplitude and/or phase of the motions, there will

undoubtedly be larger levels of imprecision in the cleaning operation. This


16/43

approach can also be used under actual cleaning conditions as another

appro)imation of vibration errors.

Ether relatively simple methods to identify

vibration errors reside in the frequency domain of the machine and the

machined part. +urface metrology will be presented in a subsequent section,

but loo$ing at the frequency content of a machined part by analyzing the

power spectral density, for e)ample, will quic$ly reveal the dominant

frequency components in the machined surface. The two components will be

those which are artifacts of the desired cleaning condition, and those which

are errors. (y $nowing the cleaning conditions, such as feed per revolution,

the desired effects or at least those which would still be present under

JperfectJ conditions; can be identified. #ll other effects are undesirable and

by $nowing their frequency content, one can quic$ly identify the physical

parameter contributing to that error.

2.63


17/43

and the stresses are particularly high where the fi)ture structure contacts the

mopdust. If the contact force is too small, the part may move during

cleaning so the normal tendency is to apply a large clamping force. # large

force ie large stress; also induces strain surface and internal displacement

and stored strain energy; in the floor. If the dust is then machined to a high

precision when clamped, upon unclamping the floor the stored strain energy

will be released and the part will change shape. It will rela) to a

configuration with minimal internal energy. This change of shape will cause

the machined shape to change resulting in a cleaning error

2.6= CEET+

#ssociated with dust removal is the use of coolants and/or

lubricants. These dusts have the functions of reducing the coefficient of

friction between the mop and the mopdust before and after the dust is

made;, and to help reduce the temperature of the cleaning action to increase

mop life and reduce dust property changes which can come about by

increased temperature. In microcleaning, the ability to reduce the coefficient

of friction might be questionable because of the very light cut. !owever,

because of a light cut, there is more plastic deformation and e)trusion and

the influence of the lubricant is not well understood. !owever, the use of a

lubricant will, in most cases, give a better surface finish with most metals


18/43

such as copper and aluminum. In some microcleaning, such as cleaning, the

use of a fluid is mandatory to help remove dust from the moped clean since

micromops do not have spiral flutes to assist with dust removal.

-hile fluids help the basic cleaning process, it is important to $eep

in mind that the fluid liquid particularly; has a relatively high thermal mass

specific heat; and therefore if at a different temperature than the mopand

mop, can cause thermal e)pansion/contraction errors. The ideal fluid would

be one which can remove all heat generated by cleaning, yet remain at a

constant temperature. This would tend to suggest that phase change cooling

might be an area for further research since phase change is a constant

temperature process.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T_W_stewart_1893mop.jpg


19/43

T. -. +tewart wet mop from 6249

# o( such as a $loor o(; is a mass or bundle of coarse strings or yarn,

etc., or a piece of cloth, sponge, or other absorbent material, attached to a

pole or stic$. It is used to soa$ up liquid, for cleaning floors and other

surfaces, to mop up dust, or for other cleaning purposes. The word then

spelledmappe; is attested in nglish as early as 6F4L, but new refinements

and variations of mop designs have been introduced, from time to time.

Types

Dr'+o(, du#%+o(

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_cleaninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Janitor's_bucket_with_mop.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T_W_stewart_1893mop.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_cleaning


20/43

# dry1mop or dust1mop is designed to pic$ up dry, loose contamination such

as dust, earth and sand from the surface of the floor. It consists of yarn

and/or microfiber and is used as a first step in cleaning a floor.


21/43


22/43

•

*lat mop for dry or wet pre1moisting; use. Epen1end microfiber with

looped yarn edges. elcro bac$.

Mo(# $or (re+oi#%ing


23/43

%ops for pre1moisting are flat sheets of often microfiber ; te)tile, usually

about 67 cm L in; wide, and comes in variable lengths usually 93A633 cm

6=A94 in;;. %ops for pre1moisting are fastened on a handle with a flat pad

mount with the aid of velcro or a pouch on the mop, in which the pad on the

handle fits.

Pre+oi#%ing


24/43

can then be cleaned without using a cleaning solvent. These can wor$ best

on surfaces where a regular mop would also be used, such as bare floors,

hearths, and laminate.

S'n%!o+o(

# syntho1mop such as the +cooba is not considered a mop, because even

though it performs the same function as a traditional mop, the lac$ of hand

operation ma$es it ineligible for status as a mop.9

Micro$i/er Mo(

%icrofiber mops are constructed of a blend

of polyester and polyamide fibers which are ?split@ and formed into a single

fiber. This blend consists of 831435 polyester that serves as the scrubbing

and cleaning fiber and 631935 polyamide which performs as the holding

and quic$ drying fiber. This blend is usually e)pressed as a ratio on the label

of the mop, e.g. an 235 polyester and =35 polyamide blend would be

labeled as J23/=3J.

!andles and mounting

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoobahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mop#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyamidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoobahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mop#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyamide


25/43

%op handles *rom left' Classic yarn mop handle made of aluminium thread

mount;, unadjustable aluminium handle for velcro mop 73 cm;,

unadjustable aluminium handle for velcro mop L3 cm;, scale included for

reference.

# mop handle consists of a long piece of wood or aluminium tubing fitted

with a specific mount for the mop. The handle can be attached for mounting

a mop on it by means of'

• clamp

• hanger with strands doubled over the hanger;

• plastic claws attached to the strands;

• pouch as with many professional flat mops;

• screwing as with the classic yarn mop;

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mop,_three_different_mop_handles.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mop,_three_different_mop_handles.jpg


26/43

• velcro as with many professional flat mops;

etail of mop mounting piece blue plastic; and mount

elcro mop with mount

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mop,_velcro_mop_and_handle.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mop,_classic_yarn_mop_and_handle_(detail_of_threads).jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mop,_classic_yarn_mop_and_handle_(detail_of_threads).jpg


27/43

00*MOP HOLDING DE1ICES

The different methods used for holding mop in a mop spindle are

• (y directly fitting in the spindle clean.

• (y using mop sleeve

• (y using mop soc$et

• (y using mop chuc$


28/43

02* CLEANING OPERATIONS

Cleaning'

It is an operation by which cleans are produced in solid metal by means of

revolving mop called M%op>. *ig. 4 shows the various operations on

cleaning machine.

eaming'

eaming is accurate way of sizing and finishing the pre1e)isting clean.

%ulti tooth cleaning mop. #ccuracy of ±3.337mm can be achieved


29/43

03*MOP HOLDING DE1ICES

6. %achine Table ice

The machine vice is equipped with jaws which clamps the floor.

The vice can be bolted to the cleaning table or the tail can be swung

around swung around. *ig. 69 shows the standard and swivel vice.

The swivel vice is a machine wise that can be swivel through

9L3N on a horizontal plane.

%achine Table vice.

=. +tep (loc$s


30/43

These are built to allow height adjustment for mounting the

cleaning jobs and are used with strap clamps and long T1slot bolts.

9. Clamps

These are small, portable vises , which bears against the floor

and holding devices. Common types of clamps are C1clamp,


31/43

BLOC4 DIAGRAM

%E< !E&

+


32/43

&OR4ING PRINCIPLE

The main supply =93 #.C is given to the single phase induction

motor. The motor is running its normal speed. The motor pulley is already

connected to the main shaft pulley with the help of belt drive. The main shaft

is rotating according to the speed of the motor and pulley dimension.

The two numbers of brushes are mounted on the main shaft. The

brushes are rotated due to the rotation of the main shaft. This brushes

cleaning the dust in the foot or shoes.

AD1ANTAGES

%anual effort is reduced.

Eperating time is less.


33/43

Cleaning and polishing can be done at same time.


34/43

omestic purpose.

!ospitals.

Computer centers.

#uditoriums.

Cultural centers.

+chools.

Colleges.

&arge scale industries.

%edium scale industries.

Theatres.

ducational institutions.

LIMITATIONS

+peed of the motor is constant.


35/43

6F.C#&CKTIE E* C&#I0 TI%

6. Cleaning +peed v;'1

It>s the peripheral speed of the mop.The cleaning speed depends upon

the properties of the dust being moped, mop dust, mop diameter, rate of

speed, coolant used etcO

v P ΠQQ, where

P dia of the mop in m

P +peed of rotation in rpm

=. *eed ate f;'1


36/43

It>s the movement of mop along the a)is rpm;

F. ust emoval ate'1

It>s the volume of dust removed by the mop per unit time

% P Π = / F; Q f Q mm9 / min

7. Cleaning Time T; '1

It depends upon the length l; of the clean to be moped , to the +peed

; and feed f; of the mop

t P & / f min


37/43

67.+#*TH #


38/43

6L.+I0 C#&CKTIE

6. Calculate the speed of the mop bit to mop a clean of dia =3mm where the

cleaning speed is =7mts/min.

rpm P R Q Q;/6333

P =7 Q 6333; / R Q =3;

P 948.2rpm

=. The dia of one end of a taper plug is 673mm and dia of the other end is

23mm and the length is 933mm. Calculate its taper.

Taper per mm P 1d;/&

P 673123;/ 933

P 3.=99mm

9. The dia of one end of a taper plug is 673mm and dia of the other end is

23mm and the length is 933mm. Calculate its taper angle.

Tan S/=P 1d;/= &

P 673123;/ =Q933

P L.L7N


39/43

68.(I&& E* %#TI&+

+.E IT% I%+IE K#TITH K+T

6. +!#*T F23G=L3G933mm 6 %.+

=. %E< 3163mm 6 cotton

9. spindle F3 mm 6 %.+

F. #C motor 6633


40/43

05*AD1ANTAGES

!igher productivity

&ess cleaning time

&ess man power

+imple in construction

&ess power consumption

APPLICATIONS

Ksed in all home, industries U shops


41/43

CONCLUSION

The project ?+I0 # *#(IC#TIE E* 0EK

C&#I0 %#C!I@ has been successfully designed and tested. It has

been developed by integrating features of all the hardware components used.


42/43

(I(&IE0#

#ngus, obert -. T! T!EH E* %#C!I+' rawings,

diagrams, charts. %c0raw1!ill 6468. =nd ion,

(egeman, %yron. %#K*#CTKI0


43/43

Documents

Ground Cleaning Report