Grimm2012 Comm32 UISPP Marginalization

7/31/2019 Grimm2012 Comm32 UISPP Marginalization

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Sonja B. Grimm

Into the great wide open

Marginalization as a motor ofthe Lateglacial expansion

into northern Europe

[email protected]

Symposium of the Commission XXXII Pioneers at the

end of the last Ice Age in Amersfoort, May, 22nd 25th

2012

Alaskan tundra, from: D.A. Levin at

http://www.micro.utexas.edu


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Structure

1. Lateglacial chronology

2. Lateglacial expanders

3. Types of marginalization

4. Lateglacial ecosystems

5. Lateglacial society

6. Lateglacial economy


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Lateglacial chronology

Ice core samples archive (Photo: Roger Ressmeyer)

Drilling of an ice core (Department of

Geophysics, Niels Bohr Institute,

University of Copenhagenwww.glaciology.gfy.ku.dk/ngrip/

Enhanced inside view of a Greenlandice core (Photo: Denmark University)

The North Greenland Ice Core Project camp (Photo: NGRIP)

Palaeochronology from Greenland


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Quadfasel 2005, Fig. 1

Palaeoclimate from Greenland

North Atlantic heat conveyor

NW-Europe

deuterium excess

proxy of past ocean surface

temperatures at the moisture-

source regionSteffensen et al. 2008


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Bjrck et al. 1998; Walker et al. 1999; Jris / Weninger 2000

Palaeoclimate & Palaeochronology

Oxygen isotope eventstratigraphy in Greenland Ice-Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05)

AllerdBllingMeiendorf

Oldest

Dryas

Older

Dryas

Intra

Allerd

Cold

Period

Younger

Dryas

oxygen isotope proxy of the past air temperature

at the coring site

14,687 187 12,819 202 11,681 102

AllerdBlling

OldestDryas OlderDryas

Litt / Stebich 1999

Lotter al. 1992; Magny et al. 2006

Gerzensee

IACP


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after Mangerud et al. 1974

Palaeochronology & Chronozones

Calibrated chronozones


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Palaeochronology & varve records

Rehwiese

Neugebauer et al. 2012, Fig. 4

Brauer et al. 2008, Fig. 3

Meerfelder Maar


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Palaeochronology & varve records

European varve records

end of

GI-1d


9/30Jones et al. 2002, Fig. 3; Bedford et al. 2004, Fig. 5

Betula sp.

Pinus sp.

chironomids =

temperature proxy

18O

Multi-proxy record from Hawes Water, UK


Palaeochronology & multi-proxy records

end ofGI-1d ?


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Calibration

Weninger / Jris /

Danzeglocke 2007;

Weninger / Jris 2008

CalPal program,

calibration curve:

CalPal2007HULU

concerning Bayes, Bayesian

analysis & Bayesian sequencing:

Weninger et al. 2011


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Lateglacial expanders

Gamble et al. 2005, Fig. 5

target event vs. dated event

Dean 1978

dates as data

Gamble et al. 2005


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Hamburgian


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Hamburgian

Strolling reindeer, photo: Alexandre Buisse

1-4: photo M.-J.Weber,

5: Bosinski 1990,

252

121

3

4

5


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Late Magdalenian


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Late Magdalenian Bosinski et al. 1995, Fig. 75

Bosinski 1996, Taf. 27

Photo: Martin Street

Baales 2005, Abb. 65

Bosinski 1996

(inverse)


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Types of marginalization

1. Ecological marginalization

2. Social marginalization

3. Economical marginalization


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1. Ecological marginalization

Marginal landscape uninhabitable, hostile

sub-marginal landscape inhabitable but at minimum subsistence level,favourable or prosperous landscape

Change: Climatic conditions, natural hazards

Reference: Landscape, living natural environment

glaciers, ice shields

coversands, permafrost

temperature, precipitation, wind tracks

sea level, rivers, lakes

Conceptual model of an ecosystem

with interaction of major component,

after Metzger et al. 2005, Fig. 2 (afterKlijn / de Haes 1994)


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2. Social marginalization

marginal group excluded from social interaction

sub-marginal group rare interactions

central group rich and diverse interactions, controlling

the interactions

centre

margin

Change: geographic distance, social stratification, variation

Reference: human community

distance

stratification


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3. Economical marginalization

Change: supply, accessibilityReference: resources for human livelihood

minimum subsistence level - insufficient supply of resources or

false handling

maximum subsistence level - rich resource supply, efficient

and sustainable handling of

resources


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Lateglacial ecosystems

Palaegeography

updated version of Grimm 2007


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Palaegeography



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Palaegeography



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Palaegeography

?

continuous permafrost

discontinuous permafrost

sporadic permafrost

seasonally frozen

??

?

?

?

?

permafrost: Huijzer / Vandenberghe 1998, Fig. 18

Wolstedt 1956; Bjrck 1995; Konradi 2000; Streif 2004; Mnot et al. 2006; Busschers et al. 2007

?

?

?

?

?

??

?


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Lateglacial society

Material connection & human relation

Dewez 1987; Floss 1994; Eriksen 2002; Valentin et al. 2002; Valoch 2003; Ginter/Potowicz 2007; Hemmann et al. 2008; Kssner 201


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Lateglacial economy

Cordain et al. 2000, Tab. 2

Environment Dependence on

gathered plantfood (%)

Dependence on

fished animalfood (%)

Dependence on

hunted animalfood (%)

Desert grasses and shrubs (n = 11) 46-55 6-15 36-45

Tropical grassland (n = 4) 46-55 16-25 26-35

Subtropical bush (n = 2) 36-45 26-35 26-35

Monssoon forest (n =2) 36-45 26-35 26-35

Temperate forest, mostly mountainous (n = 6) 36-45 36-45 16-25

Tropical rain forest (n = 3) 26-45 36-45 26-35

Northern coniferous forest (n = 14) 16-25 46-55 26-35

Tundra, northern areas (n = 6) 6-15 46-55 36-45

Subtropical rainforest (n = 4) 36-45 6-15 46-55

Temperate grasslands (n = 11) 26-35 6-15 56-65


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Lateglacial economy

Riede et al. 2010,Fig. 6

end of

GI-1d


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Sonja B. Grimm

Symposium of the Commission XXXII Pioneers at the end of

the last Ice Age in Amersfoort, May, 22nd 25th 2012

[email protected]

CHANGE -yes, we can

Into the great wide open

...but do we really want to?


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Buckthorn

Sea buckthorn (Hippopha rhamnoides)

with fruits (photo: Svdmolen);

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hippophae_

rhamnoides-01_%28xndr%29.JPG

Sea buckthorn (Hippopha rhamnoides; photo: Alan J. Silverside);http://bioref.lastdragon.org/habitats/Dunes2.html

Sea buckthorn (Hippopha

rhamnoides) with fruits;

http://kreinbucher.blogspot.de/

2009_01_20_archive.html


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Cover sand beltCover sand belt??

Palaegeography

Loess areaLoess area

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Grimm2012 Comm32 UISPP Marginalization