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Grid Specification
MM
RCM
TIM
MIC
CHART LEGEND
Source of Numerical Data
Magnetospheric Model
Ring-Current Model
Thermosphere-Ionosphere Model
M-I Coupler
“Variable A from MM on the MM grid and
variable A from RCM on the RCM grid
are interpolated onto the MIC grid” MIC
RCMMM
A
seconds
minutes
MIC
MM
RCM
MM
RCM RCM
MM
MM
RCM
MICMIC
1½-way LFM-RCM coupling
MM
Empirical Σ�
SWM
PrecipW|| , E0
j||
Φ
s
B
RCMs
ΦΣ�
||
jM-I Coupler
minutes
MM
RCM RCM
MM
MM
RCM
TIM MIC
MIC
TIM
MIC
1st iteration, 1-way TING coupling
MM
TIM
Empirical Σ�
SWM
PrecipW|| , E0
j||
Φ
s
m
B
RCMs
ΦΣ�
||
jM-I Coupler
iterate
minutes
MM
RCM RCM
MM
MM
RCM
TIM MIC
MIC
TIM
TIM MIC
MIC
Convergent, iterative, 1-way TING coupling
MM
TIM
Empirical Σ�
SWM
PrecipW|| , E0
j||
Φ,Σ�
nv
s
m
B
RCMs
×ΦΣ�
||n Bv j
M-I Coupler
MIC
MM
RCM
MM
RCM RCM
MM
MM
RCM
TIM MIC
MIC
TIM
TIM MIC
MICseconds
iterateminutes
minutes
1½-way LFM-RCM coupling w/ convergent, iterative, 2-way TING coupling
MM
TIM
Empirical Σ�
SWM
PrecipW|| , E0
j||
Φ,Σ�
nv
Φ
s
m
B
RCMs
TIM
×ΦΣ�
||n Bv j
M-I Coupler
e
e e
nn u S L
t
hˆˆ
||| r b |
eE e
Nu N
ehS
t
jL
/
2
electron number density
electron velocity
in E layer
height - averaged ionization sources, losses
E B B
,
e
e
E
n
u
u
S L
0
thickness of E layer1
, h
e eN n dz h
h
E-Region Electron Density
Height-Integrate