middot5 St Louis

)GRICULTURAL ECONOMICS DEPAR1MEN

FILE COPY DO NOT REM OV~gricul tural Economics Report No 15April 1953

t

HAWAI IAN FLOWERS AND FOLi AGE Production Markets and Shipments 1949-52

Standard metropolitan areas with retail trade of $500 million or more United States 1949

I

Seattle Portland e --~0

gl - pound Jqmiddot

_~~--~ Boston ~ - =

- poundr

~ New York

= =EJ ~ secti Philadelphiacopy c- Bal tlmore

Denver Washington D C

Miami

E3 $500 million

Source Table 1

Alice Kono

College of Agriculture University of Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station

Department of Agricultural Economics

bull I

l

This study was conducted with funds allotted to project 7ax by the Industrial Research Advisory Council authorized by the Territorial Legislature Act 122 1949 and Act 217 1951 and with Research and Marketing funds allotted to Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station proj_ect 355 under the Agriculshytural Marketing Act of 1946

HAWAIIAN middotFLOWERS AND FOLIAGE Production Markets and Shipments 1949-52

By Alice Kono1

Marketing Hawaiian flowers and foliage on the U S Mainland is a relatively new industry in the economy of the Hawaiian Islands and like all young industries it is continually facing new problems Timely information often helps shippers avoid costly trials and errors and the purpose of this report is to present briefly more recent data on Hawaiis volume of floral exports and general marketing information for the United States It is hoped that the industry will find these data useful in marketing Hawaiian flowers and foliage

Hatnland Karkets

In 1949 a population of about 150 million earning $200 billion spent $130 billion at the re-tail level in the United States Of this latter amount sale~ of retail florishyculture amounted to o 50 percent and sales of retail ornanental horticulture were 0 25 percent About 033 percent of the populashytionbull s disposable income was spent on retail floriculture and o 17 percent was spent on retail ornamental horticul ture--an average of $430 and $230 per capita resshypectively 2

The wholesale value of floricultural crops and of ornamental horticultural products represents 29 percent of total retail and service trade of floriculture and 24 pershycent of retail ornamental hort1cul ture resshypectively A breakdown of the total wholeshysale value of horticultural specialties shows as follows floricul ture $191 milshylion nursery products $71 million bulbs $9 million and flower seeds $2 million 3

lsrecal economic assistant Dept or Agr Econ Hawa11 Agr Exi t Bta

2Fossum M Truman Murketing Information for Commercicl Floriculture vreJ 1mnary report) Marketing In formation for Com111ercial Ornamental llorticulture (preliminary report) U S Dept or Agr Bureau or Agr Econ Washington D C July 1952 middot

3Jbid

Retail sales of floriculture and ornamental horticulture by metropolitan areas each having total retail trade value of $250 million or more~ have been tabulated in table 1 The reader should not be mislead by the high per capita sales in some areas because they sometimes include purchases of consumers living beyond the metropolitan boundaries Percentagewise there was

middot little difference in horticultural or floshyricultural sales between one metropolitan area and another but in nearly all areas floricultural sales grossed two to three times as much ornamental horticultural products The cover chart portrays graph-

ically the metropol i tan markets each of which had a total 1949 retail sales volume of more than half a billion dollars

The bulk of United States retail sales are concentrated in the populous industrial areas of the northeastern section The eight Middle Atlantic and East North Central states account for about 45 to 50 percent of the retail floricultural trade and a comparible percentage of the wholesale value of floricul ture products They also produce about 30 percent of the total wholesale volume of ornamental horticulture and account for 40 percent of the retail trade in these products The Pacific states Washington Oregon and California produced about 15 percent of the wholesale and 10 percent of the retail value of floshyricul ture In addition they raised 25 percent of the wholesale and 10 percent of the retail value of ornamental horticulshyture 4

Productton tn Hawatt

According to the 1950 United States Census of Agriculture $1173867 worth of flowers and flowering plants were sold at the farm level in the Territory of Hawaii in 1949 (see chart 1) 0~ this amount almost 52

4Ibid

flowers and lei

2

Chart 1 Value of flowers and flowering plant~ sold in the Territory of Hawaii by types of flowers 1949

Vanda-type orchids 314

$368638

Other cut lowers 519

$609460

Source 1950 United States Census of Agriculture US Dept of Com Bureau of the Census Vol 1 pt 344

percent or $609450 was accounted for by the next largest sales group with 31 pershylei flowers and cut flowers (other than cent or $368538 Plants and flowers of orchids and anthuriums) Vanda-type orchids other orchids and anthuriums made up the (including plants and flowers) comprised remaining 17 percent The great bulk of

Chart 2 Value of flowers and flowering plants sold in the Territory of Hawaii by counties 1949

Maul $303iz--26

Kaua1 $5502 06

Hawa11 $361642

308

Honolulu $776360

661

Source 1950 United States 9ensus of Agriculture US Dept of Com Bureau of the Census Vol 1 pt 344

3

Chart 3 Gross weight of flowers and foliage shipped from Hawaii to the U S Mainland

freight 1949-52 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1000Ipounds

100

1949

Source Table 2

lei flowers are grown for local use vandashytype orchids are chiefly for export and anthuriums and other cut flowers are for both local and mainland consumption

A breakdown of these items by islands reveals that growers in the city and county of Honolulu produced and sold 535 percent of the anthuriurns 91 percent of other cut flowers and lei flowers and 69 percent of orchid varieties other than vandas The island of Hawaii produced and sold 75 pershycent of the vanda-type orchids

Oahus prod~ction thus leads in three of the four major groupings and the entire earnings of Oahu growers were 66 percent of total floral sales (chart -2) Growersmiddot from the island of Hawaii grossed 31 percent and Maui and Kauai growers shared the reshymaining 3 percent The sum of $28061 was earned from other cut flowers and lei flowers in Maui county (out of a total of gross sales of $30372)

Trees shrubs and vines in the Territory were valued at $151884 in 1949 However

this figure includes fruit _and nut ~rees a~ well as ornamental plants and thus canshy

not be interpreted as representing ornashymental hor_ticul ture only

I

joo

I

i Jioo I IIo

Exports

Floral exports grew rapidly between 1947 and 1950 5 then diminished slightly in 1951 and 1952 However the 1952 total of 360400 pounds was still substantially larger than the 1947 and 1948 exports of 60000 and 213000 pounds Lower air freight rates and an increase in the availshyability of air freight service had a definite influence on the in~reased volume Many observers believe that further deshyvelopment of the export market depends on the formation of an effective shippers organization to resolve common marketing problems

Chart 3 shows the gross weight of flowers and foliage middotshipped by air from Hawa1i to the Mainland from 1949 thrdugh1 1952 A sampling in the spring of 1950 indicated that an average package of frag_ile flowers contained 30 percent floral products and 70 percent packaging material The reve~Se was found to be true i~ packages of bulky cut flowers which were made up of 85 pershycent floral material and 15 percent packagshy~ng material e

~ ~Rada Edward L Nainl and Markel s for Hawaii an

Flowers and foliage Hawa11 AiT Expt Sta AgrEe Rpt 9 February middot1~52 Ibidbull

4

Chart 4 Seasonal variation in Hawaiian flower shipments to the u s Mainland air freight 1949-52

00 J F M A M J J A s 0 N D

Source Table 2

Chart 5 Seasonal variation in Hawaiian foliage shipments to the U s Mainland air freight 1949-52

1000 ---1-9-49_________________________1 l 000

Pounds pounds-- middot ---1950 - 1951 -1952 ~tit Central tendency30 30

20 20

10 middot 10

0 ________________ _________~-------------- 0 J FM AM J JASON D

Source Table 2

Prior to 1951 no statistics on boat shipshyments of floricultural and ornamental horticultural products were compiled Comshyparison between 1951 and 1952 indicates that more were sent by boat in 1952 than in the previous year While 41000 pounds of foliage and 35900 pounds of plants were middot shipped during 1951 47900 pounds of foliage and 68700 pounds of plants were shipped in 1952 despite the shipping tieshyup in June and July of 1952 More plants are shipped by boat than by plane only a negligible amount of about 2000 pounds was sent annually by air freight in 1951 and in 1952 The small movement of flowers by

boat had increased from 2800 in 1951 to 3100 pounds in 1952

The seasonal variation in the air shipshyments of the Hawaiian flowers and foliage for 1949 through 1952 is shown ~n table 2 and charts 4 and 5 Several influences affect the seasonal volume of shipments Holidays are a major factor in demand The supply of floral products from other areas as well as from Hawaii has an im~ortant bearin~ on shipments Pea~ shipments of flowers are sent to the Mainland in time for Motherbull~ Day and for the holiday season at the endmiddot of

5

-------------~

the year Three times as many flowers are foliage shipment but even here more sent in May as in January January and foliage is exported in May June November July are the low months for exports Such and December than during the months of a clear-cut pattern is not evident in January July and August

bull Table 1 Marketing information General floricultural and ornamental horticultural retail trade bygeographic divisions and ~tandard metropolitan areas USMainland 1949 1

Division and metropolitan

area

New England Boston Mass Providence R I Hartford Conn Bridgeport Conn New Haven Conn Worcester Mass Springfield Mass Fall River Mass

Total

Middle Atlantic New York NY-

Northeastern NJ Philadelphia Penn Pittsburgh Penn Buffalo N Y Albany-Schenectady-Troy NY

Rochester N Y Allento~n-BethlehemshyEaston Penn

Syracuse N Y Wilkes-BarreshyHazel ton Penn

Harrisburg Penn Utica-Rome NY

Total

Popu- All retail lat ion trade

Thoushy 1000 sands dollars

2858 2675555 680 635800 536 554336 503 535924 542 518974 543 478286 454 415307 381 317432

6497 6131614 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

12832 12652074 3661 3345506 2206 1985201 1086 1027 228

513 562302 485 491277

435 401807 341 353617

391 305435 291 265132 284 258150

22525 21647 729

middot Retail sales Floriculture middot Ornamental horticulture

1--~=---=--~---------------------As percentage Per Asmiddot percentageper of all retail i of all retail capi ta capita

trade trade Dolshy Pershy Dolshy Pershylars cent lars cent

545 06 197 02 493 5 1 95 2 820 8 342 3 822 8 343 3 612 6 255 3 594 7 215 2 640 7 232 3 479 6 1 74 2

middotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot04middotmiddot

596 6 227 bull 2 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotr--middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

546 bull 6 230 2 496 s 238 3 527 6 253 3 497 5 210 bull 2

565 5 239 2 564 6 239 2

495 bull 5 239 3 485 5 204 2

460 6 223 bull 3 285 bull 3 1 38 2 688 8 292 3

5 29 6 232 2

10nly metropolitan areas with total retail trade or $250 million or more are included (Continued)

---------

6

Tab~e 1 Marketing ~nformation (Continued)

Retail sales Division and Floriculture Ornamental horticulture metropolitan Popu- All retail As percentage As percentage

area lation trade Per of all retail Per of all retail capita trade capita trade -

Thoushy 1000 Dol- Per- Dol- Per-sands dollars Lars cent Lars cent

Flst North Central I Chicago Ill 5476 5989723 668 o 6 268 02 Detroit Mich 2973 3014275 492 5 245 2 Cleveland O 1454 1523834 645 6 317 3 Milwaukee Wis 864 926279 620 middot 6 243 2middot Cincinnati o 898 879847 516 5 255 3 Indianapolis Ind 549 627565 688 6 394 3 Col umbus 0 Youngsto~n O

502 527

506564 468623

547 436

bull 5 5 ( 270

215 3 bull 2

Dayton o 453 446616 572 6 281 3 Toledo 0 393 442946 484 4 238 2 Akron o Grand Rapids Mich

408 287

403116 296140

426 591

4

6 I 210 294

bull 2 bull 3

Canton O 282 268010 602 6 296 3

Totai middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot ~~~iimiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~igti~iii ~i~1middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~~middotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot1middotmiddotmiddot~~iimiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~3middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

West North Central St Louis Mo l 673 1567167 5- 36 6 410 bull 4

Minneapolis-St Paul Minn l 107 1263527 682 6 460 4

Kansas Ci tY Kans 808 990626 639 5 333 middot bull 3 Qnaha Neb 362 383009 406 4 344 3 Des Moines Ia 225 267871 722 6 441 4

middot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

Total 4 175 4472 200 5 93 6 404 4 r

South Atlantic Washington DC 1458 1485845 597 6 324 3 Bal tiinore Md 1321 1227103 519 bull6 334 4 Atlanta Ga 664 675307 612 6 348 3 Miami Fla 489 581134 614 5 482 ~

Tampa-St Petersburg Fla 406 364475 400 4 314 3

Norfolk-Portsmouth Va

1

410 347279 449 bull 5 224 3 Richmond Va 327 339794 1005 10 502 bull 5 Wilm ington Del 267 276834 597 6 356 3 Jacksonville Fla middot 303 272034 390 4 306 bull3 Wheeling WVa -Steubenville o 353 268024 515 bull7 1 69 bull2

Charleston W Va 319 259302 375 5 1 23 2

Total 6317 6097131 557 bull 6 325 3

(Continued)

bull I

l

This study was conducted with funds allotted to project 7ax by the Industrial Research Advisory Council authorized by the Territorial Legislature Act 122 1949 and Act 217 1951 and with Research and Marketing funds allotted to Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station proj_ect 355 under the Agriculshytural Marketing Act of 1946

HAWAIIAN middotFLOWERS AND FOLIAGE Production Markets and Shipments 1949-52

By Alice Kono1

Marketing Hawaiian flowers and foliage on the U S Mainland is a relatively new industry in the economy of the Hawaiian Islands and like all young industries it is continually facing new problems Timely information often helps shippers avoid costly trials and errors and the purpose of this report is to present briefly more recent data on Hawaiis volume of floral exports and general marketing information for the United States It is hoped that the industry will find these data useful in marketing Hawaiian flowers and foliage

Hatnland Karkets

In 1949 a population of about 150 million earning $200 billion spent $130 billion at the re-tail level in the United States Of this latter amount sale~ of retail florishyculture amounted to o 50 percent and sales of retail ornanental horticulture were 0 25 percent About 033 percent of the populashytionbull s disposable income was spent on retail floriculture and o 17 percent was spent on retail ornamental horticul ture--an average of $430 and $230 per capita resshypectively 2

The wholesale value of floricultural crops and of ornamental horticultural products represents 29 percent of total retail and service trade of floriculture and 24 pershycent of retail ornamental hort1cul ture resshypectively A breakdown of the total wholeshysale value of horticultural specialties shows as follows floricul ture $191 milshylion nursery products $71 million bulbs $9 million and flower seeds $2 million 3

lsrecal economic assistant Dept or Agr Econ Hawa11 Agr Exi t Bta

2Fossum M Truman Murketing Information for Commercicl Floriculture vreJ 1mnary report) Marketing In formation for Com111ercial Ornamental llorticulture (preliminary report) U S Dept or Agr Bureau or Agr Econ Washington D C July 1952 middot

3Jbid

Retail sales of floriculture and ornamental horticulture by metropolitan areas each having total retail trade value of $250 million or more~ have been tabulated in table 1 The reader should not be mislead by the high per capita sales in some areas because they sometimes include purchases of consumers living beyond the metropolitan boundaries Percentagewise there was

middot little difference in horticultural or floshyricultural sales between one metropolitan area and another but in nearly all areas floricultural sales grossed two to three times as much ornamental horticultural products The cover chart portrays graph-

ically the metropol i tan markets each of which had a total 1949 retail sales volume of more than half a billion dollars

The bulk of United States retail sales are concentrated in the populous industrial areas of the northeastern section The eight Middle Atlantic and East North Central states account for about 45 to 50 percent of the retail floricultural trade and a comparible percentage of the wholesale value of floricul ture products They also produce about 30 percent of the total wholesale volume of ornamental horticulture and account for 40 percent of the retail trade in these products The Pacific states Washington Oregon and California produced about 15 percent of the wholesale and 10 percent of the retail value of floshyricul ture In addition they raised 25 percent of the wholesale and 10 percent of the retail value of ornamental horticulshyture 4

Productton tn Hawatt

According to the 1950 United States Census of Agriculture $1173867 worth of flowers and flowering plants were sold at the farm level in the Territory of Hawaii in 1949 (see chart 1) 0~ this amount almost 52

4Ibid

flowers and lei

2

Chart 1 Value of flowers and flowering plant~ sold in the Territory of Hawaii by types of flowers 1949

Vanda-type orchids 314

$368638

Other cut lowers 519

$609460

Source 1950 United States Census of Agriculture US Dept of Com Bureau of the Census Vol 1 pt 344

percent or $609450 was accounted for by the next largest sales group with 31 pershylei flowers and cut flowers (other than cent or $368538 Plants and flowers of orchids and anthuriums) Vanda-type orchids other orchids and anthuriums made up the (including plants and flowers) comprised remaining 17 percent The great bulk of

Chart 2 Value of flowers and flowering plants sold in the Territory of Hawaii by counties 1949

Maul $303iz--26

Kaua1 $5502 06

Hawa11 $361642

308

Honolulu $776360

661

Source 1950 United States 9ensus of Agriculture US Dept of Com Bureau of the Census Vol 1 pt 344

3

Chart 3 Gross weight of flowers and foliage shipped from Hawaii to the U S Mainland

freight 1949-52 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1000Ipounds

100

1949

Source Table 2

lei flowers are grown for local use vandashytype orchids are chiefly for export and anthuriums and other cut flowers are for both local and mainland consumption

A breakdown of these items by islands reveals that growers in the city and county of Honolulu produced and sold 535 percent of the anthuriurns 91 percent of other cut flowers and lei flowers and 69 percent of orchid varieties other than vandas The island of Hawaii produced and sold 75 pershycent of the vanda-type orchids

Oahus prod~ction thus leads in three of the four major groupings and the entire earnings of Oahu growers were 66 percent of total floral sales (chart -2) Growersmiddot from the island of Hawaii grossed 31 percent and Maui and Kauai growers shared the reshymaining 3 percent The sum of $28061 was earned from other cut flowers and lei flowers in Maui county (out of a total of gross sales of $30372)

Trees shrubs and vines in the Territory were valued at $151884 in 1949 However

this figure includes fruit _and nut ~rees a~ well as ornamental plants and thus canshy

not be interpreted as representing ornashymental hor_ticul ture only

I

joo

I

i Jioo I IIo

Exports

Floral exports grew rapidly between 1947 and 1950 5 then diminished slightly in 1951 and 1952 However the 1952 total of 360400 pounds was still substantially larger than the 1947 and 1948 exports of 60000 and 213000 pounds Lower air freight rates and an increase in the availshyability of air freight service had a definite influence on the in~reased volume Many observers believe that further deshyvelopment of the export market depends on the formation of an effective shippers organization to resolve common marketing problems

Chart 3 shows the gross weight of flowers and foliage middotshipped by air from Hawa1i to the Mainland from 1949 thrdugh1 1952 A sampling in the spring of 1950 indicated that an average package of frag_ile flowers contained 30 percent floral products and 70 percent packaging material The reve~Se was found to be true i~ packages of bulky cut flowers which were made up of 85 pershycent floral material and 15 percent packagshy~ng material e

~ ~Rada Edward L Nainl and Markel s for Hawaii an

Flowers and foliage Hawa11 AiT Expt Sta AgrEe Rpt 9 February middot1~52 Ibidbull

4

Chart 4 Seasonal variation in Hawaiian flower shipments to the u s Mainland air freight 1949-52

00 J F M A M J J A s 0 N D

Source Table 2

Chart 5 Seasonal variation in Hawaiian foliage shipments to the U s Mainland air freight 1949-52

1000 ---1-9-49_________________________1 l 000

Pounds pounds-- middot ---1950 - 1951 -1952 ~tit Central tendency30 30

20 20

10 middot 10

0 ________________ _________~-------------- 0 J FM AM J JASON D

Source Table 2

Prior to 1951 no statistics on boat shipshyments of floricultural and ornamental horticultural products were compiled Comshyparison between 1951 and 1952 indicates that more were sent by boat in 1952 than in the previous year While 41000 pounds of foliage and 35900 pounds of plants were middot shipped during 1951 47900 pounds of foliage and 68700 pounds of plants were shipped in 1952 despite the shipping tieshyup in June and July of 1952 More plants are shipped by boat than by plane only a negligible amount of about 2000 pounds was sent annually by air freight in 1951 and in 1952 The small movement of flowers by

boat had increased from 2800 in 1951 to 3100 pounds in 1952

The seasonal variation in the air shipshyments of the Hawaiian flowers and foliage for 1949 through 1952 is shown ~n table 2 and charts 4 and 5 Several influences affect the seasonal volume of shipments Holidays are a major factor in demand The supply of floral products from other areas as well as from Hawaii has an im~ortant bearin~ on shipments Pea~ shipments of flowers are sent to the Mainland in time for Motherbull~ Day and for the holiday season at the endmiddot of

5

-------------~

the year Three times as many flowers are foliage shipment but even here more sent in May as in January January and foliage is exported in May June November July are the low months for exports Such and December than during the months of a clear-cut pattern is not evident in January July and August

bull Table 1 Marketing information General floricultural and ornamental horticultural retail trade bygeographic divisions and ~tandard metropolitan areas USMainland 1949 1

Division and metropolitan

area

New England Boston Mass Providence R I Hartford Conn Bridgeport Conn New Haven Conn Worcester Mass Springfield Mass Fall River Mass

Total

Middle Atlantic New York NY-

Northeastern NJ Philadelphia Penn Pittsburgh Penn Buffalo N Y Albany-Schenectady-Troy NY

Rochester N Y Allento~n-BethlehemshyEaston Penn

Syracuse N Y Wilkes-BarreshyHazel ton Penn

Harrisburg Penn Utica-Rome NY

Total

Popu- All retail lat ion trade

Thoushy 1000 sands dollars

2858 2675555 680 635800 536 554336 503 535924 542 518974 543 478286 454 415307 381 317432

6497 6131614 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

12832 12652074 3661 3345506 2206 1985201 1086 1027 228

513 562302 485 491277

435 401807 341 353617

391 305435 291 265132 284 258150

22525 21647 729

middot Retail sales Floriculture middot Ornamental horticulture

1--~=---=--~---------------------As percentage Per Asmiddot percentageper of all retail i of all retail capi ta capita

trade trade Dolshy Pershy Dolshy Pershylars cent lars cent

545 06 197 02 493 5 1 95 2 820 8 342 3 822 8 343 3 612 6 255 3 594 7 215 2 640 7 232 3 479 6 1 74 2

middotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot04middotmiddot

596 6 227 bull 2 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotr--middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

546 bull 6 230 2 496 s 238 3 527 6 253 3 497 5 210 bull 2

565 5 239 2 564 6 239 2

495 bull 5 239 3 485 5 204 2

460 6 223 bull 3 285 bull 3 1 38 2 688 8 292 3

5 29 6 232 2

10nly metropolitan areas with total retail trade or $250 million or more are included (Continued)

---------

6

Tab~e 1 Marketing ~nformation (Continued)

Retail sales Division and Floriculture Ornamental horticulture metropolitan Popu- All retail As percentage As percentage

area lation trade Per of all retail Per of all retail capita trade capita trade -

Thoushy 1000 Dol- Per- Dol- Per-sands dollars Lars cent Lars cent

Flst North Central I Chicago Ill 5476 5989723 668 o 6 268 02 Detroit Mich 2973 3014275 492 5 245 2 Cleveland O 1454 1523834 645 6 317 3 Milwaukee Wis 864 926279 620 middot 6 243 2middot Cincinnati o 898 879847 516 5 255 3 Indianapolis Ind 549 627565 688 6 394 3 Col umbus 0 Youngsto~n O

502 527

506564 468623

547 436

bull 5 5 ( 270

215 3 bull 2

Dayton o 453 446616 572 6 281 3 Toledo 0 393 442946 484 4 238 2 Akron o Grand Rapids Mich

408 287

403116 296140

426 591

4

6 I 210 294

bull 2 bull 3

Canton O 282 268010 602 6 296 3

Totai middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot ~~~iimiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~igti~iii ~i~1middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~~middotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot1middotmiddotmiddot~~iimiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~3middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

West North Central St Louis Mo l 673 1567167 5- 36 6 410 bull 4

Minneapolis-St Paul Minn l 107 1263527 682 6 460 4

Kansas Ci tY Kans 808 990626 639 5 333 middot bull 3 Qnaha Neb 362 383009 406 4 344 3 Des Moines Ia 225 267871 722 6 441 4

middot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

Total 4 175 4472 200 5 93 6 404 4 r

South Atlantic Washington DC 1458 1485845 597 6 324 3 Bal tiinore Md 1321 1227103 519 bull6 334 4 Atlanta Ga 664 675307 612 6 348 3 Miami Fla 489 581134 614 5 482 ~

Tampa-St Petersburg Fla 406 364475 400 4 314 3

Norfolk-Portsmouth Va

1

410 347279 449 bull 5 224 3 Richmond Va 327 339794 1005 10 502 bull 5 Wilm ington Del 267 276834 597 6 356 3 Jacksonville Fla middot 303 272034 390 4 306 bull3 Wheeling WVa -Steubenville o 353 268024 515 bull7 1 69 bull2

Charleston W Va 319 259302 375 5 1 23 2

Total 6317 6097131 557 bull 6 325 3

(Continued)

HAWAIIAN middotFLOWERS AND FOLIAGE Production Markets and Shipments 1949-52

By Alice Kono1

Marketing Hawaiian flowers and foliage on the U S Mainland is a relatively new industry in the economy of the Hawaiian Islands and like all young industries it is continually facing new problems Timely information often helps shippers avoid costly trials and errors and the purpose of this report is to present briefly more recent data on Hawaiis volume of floral exports and general marketing information for the United States It is hoped that the industry will find these data useful in marketing Hawaiian flowers and foliage

Hatnland Karkets

In 1949 a population of about 150 million earning $200 billion spent $130 billion at the re-tail level in the United States Of this latter amount sale~ of retail florishyculture amounted to o 50 percent and sales of retail ornanental horticulture were 0 25 percent About 033 percent of the populashytionbull s disposable income was spent on retail floriculture and o 17 percent was spent on retail ornamental horticul ture--an average of $430 and $230 per capita resshypectively 2

The wholesale value of floricultural crops and of ornamental horticultural products represents 29 percent of total retail and service trade of floriculture and 24 pershycent of retail ornamental hort1cul ture resshypectively A breakdown of the total wholeshysale value of horticultural specialties shows as follows floricul ture $191 milshylion nursery products $71 million bulbs $9 million and flower seeds $2 million 3

lsrecal economic assistant Dept or Agr Econ Hawa11 Agr Exi t Bta

2Fossum M Truman Murketing Information for Commercicl Floriculture vreJ 1mnary report) Marketing In formation for Com111ercial Ornamental llorticulture (preliminary report) U S Dept or Agr Bureau or Agr Econ Washington D C July 1952 middot

3Jbid

Retail sales of floriculture and ornamental horticulture by metropolitan areas each having total retail trade value of $250 million or more~ have been tabulated in table 1 The reader should not be mislead by the high per capita sales in some areas because they sometimes include purchases of consumers living beyond the metropolitan boundaries Percentagewise there was

middot little difference in horticultural or floshyricultural sales between one metropolitan area and another but in nearly all areas floricultural sales grossed two to three times as much ornamental horticultural products The cover chart portrays graph-

ically the metropol i tan markets each of which had a total 1949 retail sales volume of more than half a billion dollars

The bulk of United States retail sales are concentrated in the populous industrial areas of the northeastern section The eight Middle Atlantic and East North Central states account for about 45 to 50 percent of the retail floricultural trade and a comparible percentage of the wholesale value of floricul ture products They also produce about 30 percent of the total wholesale volume of ornamental horticulture and account for 40 percent of the retail trade in these products The Pacific states Washington Oregon and California produced about 15 percent of the wholesale and 10 percent of the retail value of floshyricul ture In addition they raised 25 percent of the wholesale and 10 percent of the retail value of ornamental horticulshyture 4

Productton tn Hawatt

According to the 1950 United States Census of Agriculture $1173867 worth of flowers and flowering plants were sold at the farm level in the Territory of Hawaii in 1949 (see chart 1) 0~ this amount almost 52

4Ibid

flowers and lei

2

Chart 1 Value of flowers and flowering plant~ sold in the Territory of Hawaii by types of flowers 1949

Vanda-type orchids 314

$368638

Other cut lowers 519

$609460

Source 1950 United States Census of Agriculture US Dept of Com Bureau of the Census Vol 1 pt 344

percent or $609450 was accounted for by the next largest sales group with 31 pershylei flowers and cut flowers (other than cent or $368538 Plants and flowers of orchids and anthuriums) Vanda-type orchids other orchids and anthuriums made up the (including plants and flowers) comprised remaining 17 percent The great bulk of

Chart 2 Value of flowers and flowering plants sold in the Territory of Hawaii by counties 1949

Maul $303iz--26

Kaua1 $5502 06

Hawa11 $361642

308

Honolulu $776360

661

Source 1950 United States 9ensus of Agriculture US Dept of Com Bureau of the Census Vol 1 pt 344

3

Chart 3 Gross weight of flowers and foliage shipped from Hawaii to the U S Mainland

freight 1949-52 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1000Ipounds

100

1949

Source Table 2

lei flowers are grown for local use vandashytype orchids are chiefly for export and anthuriums and other cut flowers are for both local and mainland consumption

A breakdown of these items by islands reveals that growers in the city and county of Honolulu produced and sold 535 percent of the anthuriurns 91 percent of other cut flowers and lei flowers and 69 percent of orchid varieties other than vandas The island of Hawaii produced and sold 75 pershycent of the vanda-type orchids

Oahus prod~ction thus leads in three of the four major groupings and the entire earnings of Oahu growers were 66 percent of total floral sales (chart -2) Growersmiddot from the island of Hawaii grossed 31 percent and Maui and Kauai growers shared the reshymaining 3 percent The sum of $28061 was earned from other cut flowers and lei flowers in Maui county (out of a total of gross sales of $30372)

Trees shrubs and vines in the Territory were valued at $151884 in 1949 However

this figure includes fruit _and nut ~rees a~ well as ornamental plants and thus canshy

not be interpreted as representing ornashymental hor_ticul ture only

I

joo

I

i Jioo I IIo

Exports

Floral exports grew rapidly between 1947 and 1950 5 then diminished slightly in 1951 and 1952 However the 1952 total of 360400 pounds was still substantially larger than the 1947 and 1948 exports of 60000 and 213000 pounds Lower air freight rates and an increase in the availshyability of air freight service had a definite influence on the in~reased volume Many observers believe that further deshyvelopment of the export market depends on the formation of an effective shippers organization to resolve common marketing problems

Chart 3 shows the gross weight of flowers and foliage middotshipped by air from Hawa1i to the Mainland from 1949 thrdugh1 1952 A sampling in the spring of 1950 indicated that an average package of frag_ile flowers contained 30 percent floral products and 70 percent packaging material The reve~Se was found to be true i~ packages of bulky cut flowers which were made up of 85 pershycent floral material and 15 percent packagshy~ng material e

~ ~Rada Edward L Nainl and Markel s for Hawaii an

Flowers and foliage Hawa11 AiT Expt Sta AgrEe Rpt 9 February middot1~52 Ibidbull

4

Chart 4 Seasonal variation in Hawaiian flower shipments to the u s Mainland air freight 1949-52

00 J F M A M J J A s 0 N D

Source Table 2

Chart 5 Seasonal variation in Hawaiian foliage shipments to the U s Mainland air freight 1949-52

1000 ---1-9-49_________________________1 l 000

Pounds pounds-- middot ---1950 - 1951 -1952 ~tit Central tendency30 30

20 20

10 middot 10

0 ________________ _________~-------------- 0 J FM AM J JASON D

Source Table 2

Prior to 1951 no statistics on boat shipshyments of floricultural and ornamental horticultural products were compiled Comshyparison between 1951 and 1952 indicates that more were sent by boat in 1952 than in the previous year While 41000 pounds of foliage and 35900 pounds of plants were middot shipped during 1951 47900 pounds of foliage and 68700 pounds of plants were shipped in 1952 despite the shipping tieshyup in June and July of 1952 More plants are shipped by boat than by plane only a negligible amount of about 2000 pounds was sent annually by air freight in 1951 and in 1952 The small movement of flowers by

boat had increased from 2800 in 1951 to 3100 pounds in 1952

The seasonal variation in the air shipshyments of the Hawaiian flowers and foliage for 1949 through 1952 is shown ~n table 2 and charts 4 and 5 Several influences affect the seasonal volume of shipments Holidays are a major factor in demand The supply of floral products from other areas as well as from Hawaii has an im~ortant bearin~ on shipments Pea~ shipments of flowers are sent to the Mainland in time for Motherbull~ Day and for the holiday season at the endmiddot of

5

-------------~

the year Three times as many flowers are foliage shipment but even here more sent in May as in January January and foliage is exported in May June November July are the low months for exports Such and December than during the months of a clear-cut pattern is not evident in January July and August

bull Table 1 Marketing information General floricultural and ornamental horticultural retail trade bygeographic divisions and ~tandard metropolitan areas USMainland 1949 1

Division and metropolitan

area

New England Boston Mass Providence R I Hartford Conn Bridgeport Conn New Haven Conn Worcester Mass Springfield Mass Fall River Mass

Total

Middle Atlantic New York NY-

Northeastern NJ Philadelphia Penn Pittsburgh Penn Buffalo N Y Albany-Schenectady-Troy NY

Rochester N Y Allento~n-BethlehemshyEaston Penn

Syracuse N Y Wilkes-BarreshyHazel ton Penn

Harrisburg Penn Utica-Rome NY

Total

Popu- All retail lat ion trade

Thoushy 1000 sands dollars

2858 2675555 680 635800 536 554336 503 535924 542 518974 543 478286 454 415307 381 317432

6497 6131614 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

12832 12652074 3661 3345506 2206 1985201 1086 1027 228

513 562302 485 491277

435 401807 341 353617

391 305435 291 265132 284 258150

22525 21647 729

middot Retail sales Floriculture middot Ornamental horticulture

1--~=---=--~---------------------As percentage Per Asmiddot percentageper of all retail i of all retail capi ta capita

trade trade Dolshy Pershy Dolshy Pershylars cent lars cent

545 06 197 02 493 5 1 95 2 820 8 342 3 822 8 343 3 612 6 255 3 594 7 215 2 640 7 232 3 479 6 1 74 2

middotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot04middotmiddot

596 6 227 bull 2 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotr--middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

546 bull 6 230 2 496 s 238 3 527 6 253 3 497 5 210 bull 2

565 5 239 2 564 6 239 2

495 bull 5 239 3 485 5 204 2

460 6 223 bull 3 285 bull 3 1 38 2 688 8 292 3

5 29 6 232 2

10nly metropolitan areas with total retail trade or $250 million or more are included (Continued)

---------

6

Tab~e 1 Marketing ~nformation (Continued)

Retail sales Division and Floriculture Ornamental horticulture metropolitan Popu- All retail As percentage As percentage

area lation trade Per of all retail Per of all retail capita trade capita trade -

Thoushy 1000 Dol- Per- Dol- Per-sands dollars Lars cent Lars cent

Flst North Central I Chicago Ill 5476 5989723 668 o 6 268 02 Detroit Mich 2973 3014275 492 5 245 2 Cleveland O 1454 1523834 645 6 317 3 Milwaukee Wis 864 926279 620 middot 6 243 2middot Cincinnati o 898 879847 516 5 255 3 Indianapolis Ind 549 627565 688 6 394 3 Col umbus 0 Youngsto~n O

502 527

506564 468623

547 436

bull 5 5 ( 270

215 3 bull 2

Dayton o 453 446616 572 6 281 3 Toledo 0 393 442946 484 4 238 2 Akron o Grand Rapids Mich

408 287

403116 296140

426 591

4

6 I 210 294

bull 2 bull 3

Canton O 282 268010 602 6 296 3

Totai middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot ~~~iimiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~igti~iii ~i~1middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~~middotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot1middotmiddotmiddot~~iimiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~3middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

West North Central St Louis Mo l 673 1567167 5- 36 6 410 bull 4

Minneapolis-St Paul Minn l 107 1263527 682 6 460 4

Kansas Ci tY Kans 808 990626 639 5 333 middot bull 3 Qnaha Neb 362 383009 406 4 344 3 Des Moines Ia 225 267871 722 6 441 4

middot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

Total 4 175 4472 200 5 93 6 404 4 r

South Atlantic Washington DC 1458 1485845 597 6 324 3 Bal tiinore Md 1321 1227103 519 bull6 334 4 Atlanta Ga 664 675307 612 6 348 3 Miami Fla 489 581134 614 5 482 ~

Tampa-St Petersburg Fla 406 364475 400 4 314 3

Norfolk-Portsmouth Va

1

410 347279 449 bull 5 224 3 Richmond Va 327 339794 1005 10 502 bull 5 Wilm ington Del 267 276834 597 6 356 3 Jacksonville Fla middot 303 272034 390 4 306 bull3 Wheeling WVa -Steubenville o 353 268024 515 bull7 1 69 bull2

Charleston W Va 319 259302 375 5 1 23 2

Total 6317 6097131 557 bull 6 325 3

(Continued)

flowers and lei

2

Chart 1 Value of flowers and flowering plant~ sold in the Territory of Hawaii by types of flowers 1949

Vanda-type orchids 314

$368638

Other cut lowers 519

$609460

Source 1950 United States Census of Agriculture US Dept of Com Bureau of the Census Vol 1 pt 344

percent or $609450 was accounted for by the next largest sales group with 31 pershylei flowers and cut flowers (other than cent or $368538 Plants and flowers of orchids and anthuriums) Vanda-type orchids other orchids and anthuriums made up the (including plants and flowers) comprised remaining 17 percent The great bulk of

Chart 2 Value of flowers and flowering plants sold in the Territory of Hawaii by counties 1949

Maul $303iz--26

Kaua1 $5502 06

Hawa11 $361642

308

Honolulu $776360

661

Source 1950 United States 9ensus of Agriculture US Dept of Com Bureau of the Census Vol 1 pt 344

3

Chart 3 Gross weight of flowers and foliage shipped from Hawaii to the U S Mainland

freight 1949-52 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1000Ipounds

100

1949

Source Table 2

lei flowers are grown for local use vandashytype orchids are chiefly for export and anthuriums and other cut flowers are for both local and mainland consumption

A breakdown of these items by islands reveals that growers in the city and county of Honolulu produced and sold 535 percent of the anthuriurns 91 percent of other cut flowers and lei flowers and 69 percent of orchid varieties other than vandas The island of Hawaii produced and sold 75 pershycent of the vanda-type orchids

Oahus prod~ction thus leads in three of the four major groupings and the entire earnings of Oahu growers were 66 percent of total floral sales (chart -2) Growersmiddot from the island of Hawaii grossed 31 percent and Maui and Kauai growers shared the reshymaining 3 percent The sum of $28061 was earned from other cut flowers and lei flowers in Maui county (out of a total of gross sales of $30372)

Trees shrubs and vines in the Territory were valued at $151884 in 1949 However

this figure includes fruit _and nut ~rees a~ well as ornamental plants and thus canshy

not be interpreted as representing ornashymental hor_ticul ture only

I

joo

I

i Jioo I IIo

Exports

Floral exports grew rapidly between 1947 and 1950 5 then diminished slightly in 1951 and 1952 However the 1952 total of 360400 pounds was still substantially larger than the 1947 and 1948 exports of 60000 and 213000 pounds Lower air freight rates and an increase in the availshyability of air freight service had a definite influence on the in~reased volume Many observers believe that further deshyvelopment of the export market depends on the formation of an effective shippers organization to resolve common marketing problems

Chart 3 shows the gross weight of flowers and foliage middotshipped by air from Hawa1i to the Mainland from 1949 thrdugh1 1952 A sampling in the spring of 1950 indicated that an average package of frag_ile flowers contained 30 percent floral products and 70 percent packaging material The reve~Se was found to be true i~ packages of bulky cut flowers which were made up of 85 pershycent floral material and 15 percent packagshy~ng material e

~ ~Rada Edward L Nainl and Markel s for Hawaii an

Flowers and foliage Hawa11 AiT Expt Sta AgrEe Rpt 9 February middot1~52 Ibidbull

4

Chart 4 Seasonal variation in Hawaiian flower shipments to the u s Mainland air freight 1949-52

00 J F M A M J J A s 0 N D

Source Table 2

Chart 5 Seasonal variation in Hawaiian foliage shipments to the U s Mainland air freight 1949-52

1000 ---1-9-49_________________________1 l 000

Pounds pounds-- middot ---1950 - 1951 -1952 ~tit Central tendency30 30

20 20

10 middot 10

0 ________________ _________~-------------- 0 J FM AM J JASON D

Source Table 2

Prior to 1951 no statistics on boat shipshyments of floricultural and ornamental horticultural products were compiled Comshyparison between 1951 and 1952 indicates that more were sent by boat in 1952 than in the previous year While 41000 pounds of foliage and 35900 pounds of plants were middot shipped during 1951 47900 pounds of foliage and 68700 pounds of plants were shipped in 1952 despite the shipping tieshyup in June and July of 1952 More plants are shipped by boat than by plane only a negligible amount of about 2000 pounds was sent annually by air freight in 1951 and in 1952 The small movement of flowers by

boat had increased from 2800 in 1951 to 3100 pounds in 1952

The seasonal variation in the air shipshyments of the Hawaiian flowers and foliage for 1949 through 1952 is shown ~n table 2 and charts 4 and 5 Several influences affect the seasonal volume of shipments Holidays are a major factor in demand The supply of floral products from other areas as well as from Hawaii has an im~ortant bearin~ on shipments Pea~ shipments of flowers are sent to the Mainland in time for Motherbull~ Day and for the holiday season at the endmiddot of

5

-------------~

the year Three times as many flowers are foliage shipment but even here more sent in May as in January January and foliage is exported in May June November July are the low months for exports Such and December than during the months of a clear-cut pattern is not evident in January July and August

bull Table 1 Marketing information General floricultural and ornamental horticultural retail trade bygeographic divisions and ~tandard metropolitan areas USMainland 1949 1

Division and metropolitan

area

New England Boston Mass Providence R I Hartford Conn Bridgeport Conn New Haven Conn Worcester Mass Springfield Mass Fall River Mass

Total

Middle Atlantic New York NY-

Northeastern NJ Philadelphia Penn Pittsburgh Penn Buffalo N Y Albany-Schenectady-Troy NY

Rochester N Y Allento~n-BethlehemshyEaston Penn

Syracuse N Y Wilkes-BarreshyHazel ton Penn

Harrisburg Penn Utica-Rome NY

Total

Popu- All retail lat ion trade

Thoushy 1000 sands dollars

2858 2675555 680 635800 536 554336 503 535924 542 518974 543 478286 454 415307 381 317432

6497 6131614 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

12832 12652074 3661 3345506 2206 1985201 1086 1027 228

513 562302 485 491277

435 401807 341 353617

391 305435 291 265132 284 258150

22525 21647 729

middot Retail sales Floriculture middot Ornamental horticulture

1--~=---=--~---------------------As percentage Per Asmiddot percentageper of all retail i of all retail capi ta capita

trade trade Dolshy Pershy Dolshy Pershylars cent lars cent

545 06 197 02 493 5 1 95 2 820 8 342 3 822 8 343 3 612 6 255 3 594 7 215 2 640 7 232 3 479 6 1 74 2

middotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot04middotmiddot

596 6 227 bull 2 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotr--middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

546 bull 6 230 2 496 s 238 3 527 6 253 3 497 5 210 bull 2

565 5 239 2 564 6 239 2

495 bull 5 239 3 485 5 204 2

460 6 223 bull 3 285 bull 3 1 38 2 688 8 292 3

5 29 6 232 2

10nly metropolitan areas with total retail trade or $250 million or more are included (Continued)

---------

6

Tab~e 1 Marketing ~nformation (Continued)

Retail sales Division and Floriculture Ornamental horticulture metropolitan Popu- All retail As percentage As percentage

area lation trade Per of all retail Per of all retail capita trade capita trade -

Thoushy 1000 Dol- Per- Dol- Per-sands dollars Lars cent Lars cent

Flst North Central I Chicago Ill 5476 5989723 668 o 6 268 02 Detroit Mich 2973 3014275 492 5 245 2 Cleveland O 1454 1523834 645 6 317 3 Milwaukee Wis 864 926279 620 middot 6 243 2middot Cincinnati o 898 879847 516 5 255 3 Indianapolis Ind 549 627565 688 6 394 3 Col umbus 0 Youngsto~n O

502 527

506564 468623

547 436

bull 5 5 ( 270

215 3 bull 2

Dayton o 453 446616 572 6 281 3 Toledo 0 393 442946 484 4 238 2 Akron o Grand Rapids Mich

408 287

403116 296140

426 591

4

6 I 210 294

bull 2 bull 3

Canton O 282 268010 602 6 296 3

Totai middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot ~~~iimiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~igti~iii ~i~1middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~~middotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot1middotmiddotmiddot~~iimiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~3middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

West North Central St Louis Mo l 673 1567167 5- 36 6 410 bull 4

Minneapolis-St Paul Minn l 107 1263527 682 6 460 4

Kansas Ci tY Kans 808 990626 639 5 333 middot bull 3 Qnaha Neb 362 383009 406 4 344 3 Des Moines Ia 225 267871 722 6 441 4

middot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

Total 4 175 4472 200 5 93 6 404 4 r

South Atlantic Washington DC 1458 1485845 597 6 324 3 Bal tiinore Md 1321 1227103 519 bull6 334 4 Atlanta Ga 664 675307 612 6 348 3 Miami Fla 489 581134 614 5 482 ~

Tampa-St Petersburg Fla 406 364475 400 4 314 3

Norfolk-Portsmouth Va

1

410 347279 449 bull 5 224 3 Richmond Va 327 339794 1005 10 502 bull 5 Wilm ington Del 267 276834 597 6 356 3 Jacksonville Fla middot 303 272034 390 4 306 bull3 Wheeling WVa -Steubenville o 353 268024 515 bull7 1 69 bull2

Charleston W Va 319 259302 375 5 1 23 2

Total 6317 6097131 557 bull 6 325 3

(Continued)

3

Chart 3 Gross weight of flowers and foliage shipped from Hawaii to the U S Mainland

freight 1949-52 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1000Ipounds

100

1949

Source Table 2

lei flowers are grown for local use vandashytype orchids are chiefly for export and anthuriums and other cut flowers are for both local and mainland consumption

A breakdown of these items by islands reveals that growers in the city and county of Honolulu produced and sold 535 percent of the anthuriurns 91 percent of other cut flowers and lei flowers and 69 percent of orchid varieties other than vandas The island of Hawaii produced and sold 75 pershycent of the vanda-type orchids

Oahus prod~ction thus leads in three of the four major groupings and the entire earnings of Oahu growers were 66 percent of total floral sales (chart -2) Growersmiddot from the island of Hawaii grossed 31 percent and Maui and Kauai growers shared the reshymaining 3 percent The sum of $28061 was earned from other cut flowers and lei flowers in Maui county (out of a total of gross sales of $30372)

Trees shrubs and vines in the Territory were valued at $151884 in 1949 However

this figure includes fruit _and nut ~rees a~ well as ornamental plants and thus canshy

not be interpreted as representing ornashymental hor_ticul ture only

I

joo

I

i Jioo I IIo

Exports

Floral exports grew rapidly between 1947 and 1950 5 then diminished slightly in 1951 and 1952 However the 1952 total of 360400 pounds was still substantially larger than the 1947 and 1948 exports of 60000 and 213000 pounds Lower air freight rates and an increase in the availshyability of air freight service had a definite influence on the in~reased volume Many observers believe that further deshyvelopment of the export market depends on the formation of an effective shippers organization to resolve common marketing problems

Chart 3 shows the gross weight of flowers and foliage middotshipped by air from Hawa1i to the Mainland from 1949 thrdugh1 1952 A sampling in the spring of 1950 indicated that an average package of frag_ile flowers contained 30 percent floral products and 70 percent packaging material The reve~Se was found to be true i~ packages of bulky cut flowers which were made up of 85 pershycent floral material and 15 percent packagshy~ng material e

~ ~Rada Edward L Nainl and Markel s for Hawaii an

Flowers and foliage Hawa11 AiT Expt Sta AgrEe Rpt 9 February middot1~52 Ibidbull

4

Chart 4 Seasonal variation in Hawaiian flower shipments to the u s Mainland air freight 1949-52

00 J F M A M J J A s 0 N D

Source Table 2

Chart 5 Seasonal variation in Hawaiian foliage shipments to the U s Mainland air freight 1949-52

1000 ---1-9-49_________________________1 l 000

Pounds pounds-- middot ---1950 - 1951 -1952 ~tit Central tendency30 30

20 20

10 middot 10

0 ________________ _________~-------------- 0 J FM AM J JASON D

Source Table 2

Prior to 1951 no statistics on boat shipshyments of floricultural and ornamental horticultural products were compiled Comshyparison between 1951 and 1952 indicates that more were sent by boat in 1952 than in the previous year While 41000 pounds of foliage and 35900 pounds of plants were middot shipped during 1951 47900 pounds of foliage and 68700 pounds of plants were shipped in 1952 despite the shipping tieshyup in June and July of 1952 More plants are shipped by boat than by plane only a negligible amount of about 2000 pounds was sent annually by air freight in 1951 and in 1952 The small movement of flowers by

boat had increased from 2800 in 1951 to 3100 pounds in 1952

The seasonal variation in the air shipshyments of the Hawaiian flowers and foliage for 1949 through 1952 is shown ~n table 2 and charts 4 and 5 Several influences affect the seasonal volume of shipments Holidays are a major factor in demand The supply of floral products from other areas as well as from Hawaii has an im~ortant bearin~ on shipments Pea~ shipments of flowers are sent to the Mainland in time for Motherbull~ Day and for the holiday season at the endmiddot of

5

-------------~

the year Three times as many flowers are foliage shipment but even here more sent in May as in January January and foliage is exported in May June November July are the low months for exports Such and December than during the months of a clear-cut pattern is not evident in January July and August

bull Table 1 Marketing information General floricultural and ornamental horticultural retail trade bygeographic divisions and ~tandard metropolitan areas USMainland 1949 1

Division and metropolitan

area

New England Boston Mass Providence R I Hartford Conn Bridgeport Conn New Haven Conn Worcester Mass Springfield Mass Fall River Mass

Total

Middle Atlantic New York NY-

Northeastern NJ Philadelphia Penn Pittsburgh Penn Buffalo N Y Albany-Schenectady-Troy NY

Rochester N Y Allento~n-BethlehemshyEaston Penn

Syracuse N Y Wilkes-BarreshyHazel ton Penn

Harrisburg Penn Utica-Rome NY

Total

Popu- All retail lat ion trade

Thoushy 1000 sands dollars

2858 2675555 680 635800 536 554336 503 535924 542 518974 543 478286 454 415307 381 317432

6497 6131614 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

12832 12652074 3661 3345506 2206 1985201 1086 1027 228

513 562302 485 491277

435 401807 341 353617

391 305435 291 265132 284 258150

22525 21647 729

middot Retail sales Floriculture middot Ornamental horticulture

1--~=---=--~---------------------As percentage Per Asmiddot percentageper of all retail i of all retail capi ta capita

trade trade Dolshy Pershy Dolshy Pershylars cent lars cent

545 06 197 02 493 5 1 95 2 820 8 342 3 822 8 343 3 612 6 255 3 594 7 215 2 640 7 232 3 479 6 1 74 2

middotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot04middotmiddot

596 6 227 bull 2 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotr--middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

546 bull 6 230 2 496 s 238 3 527 6 253 3 497 5 210 bull 2

565 5 239 2 564 6 239 2

495 bull 5 239 3 485 5 204 2

460 6 223 bull 3 285 bull 3 1 38 2 688 8 292 3

5 29 6 232 2

10nly metropolitan areas with total retail trade or $250 million or more are included (Continued)

---------

6

Tab~e 1 Marketing ~nformation (Continued)

Retail sales Division and Floriculture Ornamental horticulture metropolitan Popu- All retail As percentage As percentage

area lation trade Per of all retail Per of all retail capita trade capita trade -

Thoushy 1000 Dol- Per- Dol- Per-sands dollars Lars cent Lars cent

Flst North Central I Chicago Ill 5476 5989723 668 o 6 268 02 Detroit Mich 2973 3014275 492 5 245 2 Cleveland O 1454 1523834 645 6 317 3 Milwaukee Wis 864 926279 620 middot 6 243 2middot Cincinnati o 898 879847 516 5 255 3 Indianapolis Ind 549 627565 688 6 394 3 Col umbus 0 Youngsto~n O

502 527

506564 468623

547 436

bull 5 5 ( 270

215 3 bull 2

Dayton o 453 446616 572 6 281 3 Toledo 0 393 442946 484 4 238 2 Akron o Grand Rapids Mich

408 287

403116 296140

426 591

4

6 I 210 294

bull 2 bull 3

Canton O 282 268010 602 6 296 3

Totai middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot ~~~iimiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~igti~iii ~i~1middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~~middotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot1middotmiddotmiddot~~iimiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~3middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

West North Central St Louis Mo l 673 1567167 5- 36 6 410 bull 4

Minneapolis-St Paul Minn l 107 1263527 682 6 460 4

Kansas Ci tY Kans 808 990626 639 5 333 middot bull 3 Qnaha Neb 362 383009 406 4 344 3 Des Moines Ia 225 267871 722 6 441 4

middot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

Total 4 175 4472 200 5 93 6 404 4 r

South Atlantic Washington DC 1458 1485845 597 6 324 3 Bal tiinore Md 1321 1227103 519 bull6 334 4 Atlanta Ga 664 675307 612 6 348 3 Miami Fla 489 581134 614 5 482 ~

Tampa-St Petersburg Fla 406 364475 400 4 314 3

Norfolk-Portsmouth Va

1

410 347279 449 bull 5 224 3 Richmond Va 327 339794 1005 10 502 bull 5 Wilm ington Del 267 276834 597 6 356 3 Jacksonville Fla middot 303 272034 390 4 306 bull3 Wheeling WVa -Steubenville o 353 268024 515 bull7 1 69 bull2

Charleston W Va 319 259302 375 5 1 23 2

Total 6317 6097131 557 bull 6 325 3

(Continued)

4

Chart 4 Seasonal variation in Hawaiian flower shipments to the u s Mainland air freight 1949-52

00 J F M A M J J A s 0 N D

Source Table 2

Chart 5 Seasonal variation in Hawaiian foliage shipments to the U s Mainland air freight 1949-52

1000 ---1-9-49_________________________1 l 000

Pounds pounds-- middot ---1950 - 1951 -1952 ~tit Central tendency30 30

20 20

10 middot 10

0 ________________ _________~-------------- 0 J FM AM J JASON D

Source Table 2

Prior to 1951 no statistics on boat shipshyments of floricultural and ornamental horticultural products were compiled Comshyparison between 1951 and 1952 indicates that more were sent by boat in 1952 than in the previous year While 41000 pounds of foliage and 35900 pounds of plants were middot shipped during 1951 47900 pounds of foliage and 68700 pounds of plants were shipped in 1952 despite the shipping tieshyup in June and July of 1952 More plants are shipped by boat than by plane only a negligible amount of about 2000 pounds was sent annually by air freight in 1951 and in 1952 The small movement of flowers by

boat had increased from 2800 in 1951 to 3100 pounds in 1952

The seasonal variation in the air shipshyments of the Hawaiian flowers and foliage for 1949 through 1952 is shown ~n table 2 and charts 4 and 5 Several influences affect the seasonal volume of shipments Holidays are a major factor in demand The supply of floral products from other areas as well as from Hawaii has an im~ortant bearin~ on shipments Pea~ shipments of flowers are sent to the Mainland in time for Motherbull~ Day and for the holiday season at the endmiddot of

5

-------------~

the year Three times as many flowers are foliage shipment but even here more sent in May as in January January and foliage is exported in May June November July are the low months for exports Such and December than during the months of a clear-cut pattern is not evident in January July and August

bull Table 1 Marketing information General floricultural and ornamental horticultural retail trade bygeographic divisions and ~tandard metropolitan areas USMainland 1949 1

Division and metropolitan

area

New England Boston Mass Providence R I Hartford Conn Bridgeport Conn New Haven Conn Worcester Mass Springfield Mass Fall River Mass

Total

Middle Atlantic New York NY-

Northeastern NJ Philadelphia Penn Pittsburgh Penn Buffalo N Y Albany-Schenectady-Troy NY

Rochester N Y Allento~n-BethlehemshyEaston Penn

Syracuse N Y Wilkes-BarreshyHazel ton Penn

Harrisburg Penn Utica-Rome NY

Total

Popu- All retail lat ion trade

Thoushy 1000 sands dollars

2858 2675555 680 635800 536 554336 503 535924 542 518974 543 478286 454 415307 381 317432

6497 6131614 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

12832 12652074 3661 3345506 2206 1985201 1086 1027 228

513 562302 485 491277

435 401807 341 353617

391 305435 291 265132 284 258150

22525 21647 729

middot Retail sales Floriculture middot Ornamental horticulture

1--~=---=--~---------------------As percentage Per Asmiddot percentageper of all retail i of all retail capi ta capita

trade trade Dolshy Pershy Dolshy Pershylars cent lars cent

545 06 197 02 493 5 1 95 2 820 8 342 3 822 8 343 3 612 6 255 3 594 7 215 2 640 7 232 3 479 6 1 74 2

middotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot04middotmiddot

596 6 227 bull 2 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotr--middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

546 bull 6 230 2 496 s 238 3 527 6 253 3 497 5 210 bull 2

565 5 239 2 564 6 239 2

495 bull 5 239 3 485 5 204 2

460 6 223 bull 3 285 bull 3 1 38 2 688 8 292 3

5 29 6 232 2

10nly metropolitan areas with total retail trade or $250 million or more are included (Continued)

---------

6

Tab~e 1 Marketing ~nformation (Continued)

Retail sales Division and Floriculture Ornamental horticulture metropolitan Popu- All retail As percentage As percentage

area lation trade Per of all retail Per of all retail capita trade capita trade -

Thoushy 1000 Dol- Per- Dol- Per-sands dollars Lars cent Lars cent

Flst North Central I Chicago Ill 5476 5989723 668 o 6 268 02 Detroit Mich 2973 3014275 492 5 245 2 Cleveland O 1454 1523834 645 6 317 3 Milwaukee Wis 864 926279 620 middot 6 243 2middot Cincinnati o 898 879847 516 5 255 3 Indianapolis Ind 549 627565 688 6 394 3 Col umbus 0 Youngsto~n O

502 527

506564 468623

547 436

bull 5 5 ( 270

215 3 bull 2

Dayton o 453 446616 572 6 281 3 Toledo 0 393 442946 484 4 238 2 Akron o Grand Rapids Mich

408 287

403116 296140

426 591

4

6 I 210 294

bull 2 bull 3

Canton O 282 268010 602 6 296 3

Totai middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot ~~~iimiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~igti~iii ~i~1middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~~middotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot1middotmiddotmiddot~~iimiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~3middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

West North Central St Louis Mo l 673 1567167 5- 36 6 410 bull 4

Minneapolis-St Paul Minn l 107 1263527 682 6 460 4

Kansas Ci tY Kans 808 990626 639 5 333 middot bull 3 Qnaha Neb 362 383009 406 4 344 3 Des Moines Ia 225 267871 722 6 441 4

middot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

Total 4 175 4472 200 5 93 6 404 4 r

South Atlantic Washington DC 1458 1485845 597 6 324 3 Bal tiinore Md 1321 1227103 519 bull6 334 4 Atlanta Ga 664 675307 612 6 348 3 Miami Fla 489 581134 614 5 482 ~

Tampa-St Petersburg Fla 406 364475 400 4 314 3

Norfolk-Portsmouth Va

1

410 347279 449 bull 5 224 3 Richmond Va 327 339794 1005 10 502 bull 5 Wilm ington Del 267 276834 597 6 356 3 Jacksonville Fla middot 303 272034 390 4 306 bull3 Wheeling WVa -Steubenville o 353 268024 515 bull7 1 69 bull2

Charleston W Va 319 259302 375 5 1 23 2

Total 6317 6097131 557 bull 6 325 3

(Continued)

5

-------------~

the year Three times as many flowers are foliage shipment but even here more sent in May as in January January and foliage is exported in May June November July are the low months for exports Such and December than during the months of a clear-cut pattern is not evident in January July and August

bull Table 1 Marketing information General floricultural and ornamental horticultural retail trade bygeographic divisions and ~tandard metropolitan areas USMainland 1949 1

Division and metropolitan

area

New England Boston Mass Providence R I Hartford Conn Bridgeport Conn New Haven Conn Worcester Mass Springfield Mass Fall River Mass

Total

Middle Atlantic New York NY-

Northeastern NJ Philadelphia Penn Pittsburgh Penn Buffalo N Y Albany-Schenectady-Troy NY

Rochester N Y Allento~n-BethlehemshyEaston Penn

Syracuse N Y Wilkes-BarreshyHazel ton Penn

Harrisburg Penn Utica-Rome NY

Total

Popu- All retail lat ion trade

Thoushy 1000 sands dollars

2858 2675555 680 635800 536 554336 503 535924 542 518974 543 478286 454 415307 381 317432

6497 6131614 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

12832 12652074 3661 3345506 2206 1985201 1086 1027 228

513 562302 485 491277

435 401807 341 353617

391 305435 291 265132 284 258150

22525 21647 729

middot Retail sales Floriculture middot Ornamental horticulture

1--~=---=--~---------------------As percentage Per Asmiddot percentageper of all retail i of all retail capi ta capita

trade trade Dolshy Pershy Dolshy Pershylars cent lars cent

545 06 197 02 493 5 1 95 2 820 8 342 3 822 8 343 3 612 6 255 3 594 7 215 2 640 7 232 3 479 6 1 74 2

middotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot04middotmiddot

596 6 227 bull 2 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotr--middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

546 bull 6 230 2 496 s 238 3 527 6 253 3 497 5 210 bull 2

565 5 239 2 564 6 239 2

495 bull 5 239 3 485 5 204 2

460 6 223 bull 3 285 bull 3 1 38 2 688 8 292 3

5 29 6 232 2

10nly metropolitan areas with total retail trade or $250 million or more are included (Continued)

---------

6

Tab~e 1 Marketing ~nformation (Continued)

Retail sales Division and Floriculture Ornamental horticulture metropolitan Popu- All retail As percentage As percentage

area lation trade Per of all retail Per of all retail capita trade capita trade -

Thoushy 1000 Dol- Per- Dol- Per-sands dollars Lars cent Lars cent

Flst North Central I Chicago Ill 5476 5989723 668 o 6 268 02 Detroit Mich 2973 3014275 492 5 245 2 Cleveland O 1454 1523834 645 6 317 3 Milwaukee Wis 864 926279 620 middot 6 243 2middot Cincinnati o 898 879847 516 5 255 3 Indianapolis Ind 549 627565 688 6 394 3 Col umbus 0 Youngsto~n O

502 527

506564 468623

547 436

bull 5 5 ( 270

215 3 bull 2

Dayton o 453 446616 572 6 281 3 Toledo 0 393 442946 484 4 238 2 Akron o Grand Rapids Mich

408 287

403116 296140

426 591

4

6 I 210 294

bull 2 bull 3

Canton O 282 268010 602 6 296 3

Totai middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot ~~~iimiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~igti~iii ~i~1middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~~middotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot1middotmiddotmiddot~~iimiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~3middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

West North Central St Louis Mo l 673 1567167 5- 36 6 410 bull 4

Minneapolis-St Paul Minn l 107 1263527 682 6 460 4

Kansas Ci tY Kans 808 990626 639 5 333 middot bull 3 Qnaha Neb 362 383009 406 4 344 3 Des Moines Ia 225 267871 722 6 441 4

middot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

Total 4 175 4472 200 5 93 6 404 4 r

South Atlantic Washington DC 1458 1485845 597 6 324 3 Bal tiinore Md 1321 1227103 519 bull6 334 4 Atlanta Ga 664 675307 612 6 348 3 Miami Fla 489 581134 614 5 482 ~

Tampa-St Petersburg Fla 406 364475 400 4 314 3

Norfolk-Portsmouth Va

1

410 347279 449 bull 5 224 3 Richmond Va 327 339794 1005 10 502 bull 5 Wilm ington Del 267 276834 597 6 356 3 Jacksonville Fla middot 303 272034 390 4 306 bull3 Wheeling WVa -Steubenville o 353 268024 515 bull7 1 69 bull2

Charleston W Va 319 259302 375 5 1 23 2

Total 6317 6097131 557 bull 6 325 3

(Continued)

---------

6

Tab~e 1 Marketing ~nformation (Continued)

Retail sales Division and Floriculture Ornamental horticulture metropolitan Popu- All retail As percentage As percentage

area lation trade Per of all retail Per of all retail capita trade capita trade -

Thoushy 1000 Dol- Per- Dol- Per-sands dollars Lars cent Lars cent

Flst North Central I Chicago Ill 5476 5989723 668 o 6 268 02 Detroit Mich 2973 3014275 492 5 245 2 Cleveland O 1454 1523834 645 6 317 3 Milwaukee Wis 864 926279 620 middot 6 243 2middot Cincinnati o 898 879847 516 5 255 3 Indianapolis Ind 549 627565 688 6 394 3 Col umbus 0 Youngsto~n O

502 527

506564 468623

547 436

bull 5 5 ( 270

215 3 bull 2

Dayton o 453 446616 572 6 281 3 Toledo 0 393 442946 484 4 238 2 Akron o Grand Rapids Mich

408 287

403116 296140

426 591

4

6 I 210 294

bull 2 bull 3

Canton O 282 268010 602 6 296 3

Totai middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot ~~~iimiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~igti~iii ~i~1middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~~middotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot1middotmiddotmiddot~~iimiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~3middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

West North Central St Louis Mo l 673 1567167 5- 36 6 410 bull 4

Minneapolis-St Paul Minn l 107 1263527 682 6 460 4

Kansas Ci tY Kans 808 990626 639 5 333 middot bull 3 Qnaha Neb 362 383009 406 4 344 3 Des Moines Ia 225 267871 722 6 441 4

middot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

Total 4 175 4472 200 5 93 6 404 4 r

South Atlantic Washington DC 1458 1485845 597 6 324 3 Bal tiinore Md 1321 1227103 519 bull6 334 4 Atlanta Ga 664 675307 612 6 348 3 Miami Fla 489 581134 614 5 482 ~

Tampa-St Petersburg Fla 406 364475 400 4 314 3

Norfolk-Portsmouth Va

1

410 347279 449 bull 5 224 3 Richmond Va 327 339794 1005 10 502 bull 5 Wilm ington Del 267 276834 597 6 356 3 Jacksonville Fla middot 303 272034 390 4 306 bull3 Wheeling WVa -Steubenville o 353 268024 515 bull7 1 69 bull2

Charleston W Va 319 259302 375 5 1 23 2

Total 6317 6097131 557 bull 6 325 3

(Continued)

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull

f

L

7

Table 1 Marketing information (Continued)

Retail sales Division and Floriculture Ornamental horticulture metropolitan Popu- All retail As percentage As percentage

area lation trade Per of all retail middotmiddot Per of all retail capita trade capita trade

Thou- 1000 Dol- Per- Dol- Per-sands dollars Jars cent lars cent

East South Central Louisville Ky 574 517 109 417 05 233 03 Memphis Tenn 480 485432 4 91 bull 5 260 bull 3 Birmingham Ala 554 441752 387 5 318 4 Nashville Tenn 320 278083 582 bull 7 308 4 Knoxville Tenn 336 250505 581 bull 8 307 4

u 0 0 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bull bullbullbull bull bullbullbull bull bullbullbullbull bull bullbullmiddot bullbullbull bullbullbull bullbull

Total 2264 1972881 4 73 bull5 2 81 bull 3 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot-~middot -middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

West South Central Houston Tex 524 5 306 3802 818603 Dallas Tex 611 704804 713 6 416 4 New Orleans La 681 553211 549 7 407 5 Forth Worth Tex 359 402891 868 8 504 bull 5 San Antonio Tex 496 392717 375 5 2 18 3 Oklahoma City Okla 328 317913 681 7 319 3 Tulsa Okla 249 254405 470 5 220 2

Total 3526 3444044 586 6 347 4 middotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot

Mountain Denver Col 560 594701 ~middot81 5 217 2 Phoenix Ariz 329 311336 336 bull 4 243 bull 3 Salt Lake City Ut 274 267573 682 7 223 bull 2 r

Total 1163 1173610 535 5 226 2 middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotrmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

Pacific Los Angeles Calif 4339 4721241 416 4 2 72 2 San Francisco-Oakland Calif 2214 2366588 500 5 327 bull 3

PortlanC Oreg 701 772318 565 5 3 10 bull3 Seattle Wash 726 753744 516 5 225 2 San Di ego Cal if 536 507440 339 4 221 bull 2 Sacramento Calif middot276 297303 30~ bull3 306 3 Fresno Cal if 274 285519 452 bull 4 291 3 San Jose Cal if 289 279967 408 4 267 3

Total 9355 9984120 448 4 2 83 3

Source Fossum M Truman middottarketing Information for Commercial Flori culture (prelimbull

inary report) Marketing Information for Commercial Ornamental Horticulture (preliminary

report) U S Dept of Agr Bureau of Agr Econ Washington D C July middot1952

---

Table 2 Gross weight of flowers and foliage shipped from Hawaii to the u s Mainland by air freight 1949-52 1

Conmodity Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Totaland year

Flowers2

1949 1950 1951 1952

4-year av middotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot

Foliage3 1949 1950 1951 - 1952

4-yearav

Total - flowers and foliage

1949 - 1950 1951 1952

4-year av _

p 0 u n d s Pounds

4326 4496 5113 6 429 10321 14315 s 211 17868 - 17607 16349 20217 16210 141462 8556 13273 16654 21166 32206 22046 11345 13767 17383 22042 19411 20825 218674 14084 13619 17867 17285 30805 11237 12394 13768 14037 17650 23838 9533 196 ll7 15942 15029 16842 26602 27012 11792 7996 6012 7529 7124 3701 3530 149 lll

10727 11604 14119 17870 25086 14848 9986 12854 14139 15791 16792 12524 176341 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotbullmiddotmiddotmiddot middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot----~--- middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddot--middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

21Includlng minor quant1 tles shipped to other destina tions rncludlng orchids and l e is woodroses and all other cut lowers not shown ln tootnote 3

3Including cut b1rds-ot-paradlse gingers anthurlums an d hellconlas

Sources Shipping records of principal air freight carriers

10075 10752 18198 10960 16910 32800 18817 24963 17653 11423 15009 21912 12604 13799 16468 24074 25455 20695 17101 16495 16142 21219 17723 22 604 13083 19135 23573 14979 17597 12943 13744 13 914 15072 14513 19032 17983 14708 _19 261 22471 24959 23013 21909 19464 12645 10251 14447 13 101 15061

12618 15737 20178 18743 20744 22()87 17282 17019 14780 15400 16216 19390

14401 15248 23311 17389 27231 47115 27028 42831 35260 27772 35266 38122 21160 27072 33122 45240 57661 42741 28446 30262 33525 43261 37134 43429 27 167 middot32 754 41440 32264 48402 24180 26138 middot27 742 29109 32163 42870 27516 30650 34290 39313 51 561 50025 33 701 27460 18657 17 780 21571 16802 18591

23344 27341 34296 36614 45830 36934 27268 29873 28918 31192 33008 31914

209472 224379 195628 211290 0

210192

350934 443053 391745 360401

386533

---

Table 2 Gross weight of flowers and foliage shipped from Hawaii to the u s Mainland by air freight 1949-52 1

Conmodity Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Totaland year

Flowers2

1949 1950 1951 1952

4-year av middotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot

Foliage3 1949 1950 1951 - 1952

4-yearav

Total - flowers and foliage

1949 - 1950 1951 1952

4-year av _

p 0 u n d s Pounds

4326 4496 5113 6 429 10321 14315 s 211 17868 - 17607 16349 20217 16210 141462 8556 13273 16654 21166 32206 22046 11345 13767 17383 22042 19411 20825 218674 14084 13619 17867 17285 30805 11237 12394 13768 14037 17650 23838 9533 196 ll7 15942 15029 16842 26602 27012 11792 7996 6012 7529 7124 3701 3530 149 lll

10727 11604 14119 17870 25086 14848 9986 12854 14139 15791 16792 12524 176341 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotbullmiddotmiddotmiddot middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot----~--- middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddot--middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

21Includlng minor quant1 tles shipped to other destina tions rncludlng orchids and l e is woodroses and all other cut lowers not shown ln tootnote 3

3Including cut b1rds-ot-paradlse gingers anthurlums an d hellconlas

Sources Shipping records of principal air freight carriers

10075 10752 18198 10960 16910 32800 18817 24963 17653 11423 15009 21912 12604 13799 16468 24074 25455 20695 17101 16495 16142 21219 17723 22 604 13083 19135 23573 14979 17597 12943 13744 13 914 15072 14513 19032 17983 14708 _19 261 22471 24959 23013 21909 19464 12645 10251 14447 13 101 15061

12618 15737 20178 18743 20744 22()87 17282 17019 14780 15400 16216 19390

14401 15248 23311 17389 27231 47115 27028 42831 35260 27772 35266 38122 21160 27072 33122 45240 57661 42741 28446 30262 33525 43261 37134 43429 27 167 middot32 754 41440 32264 48402 24180 26138 middot27 742 29109 32163 42870 27516 30650 34290 39313 51 561 50025 33 701 27460 18657 17 780 21571 16802 18591

23344 27341 34296 36614 45830 36934 27268 29873 28918 31192 33008 31914

209472 224379 195628 211290 0

210192

350934 443053 391745 360401

386533