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Performance of the Greenmount Constructed Wetland in treating farmyard dirty water Greg Forbes (AFBI), Bob Foy (AFBI), Martin Mulholland (CAFRE). Summary based on AFBI research monitoring and QUB post-graduate research. Contributors; Sally Kidd, Deborah Stephenson, Brian Reid (CAFRE). Vanessa Woods, Colm McKenna, Zoe McKervey, Phil Dinsmore, Elaine Sayers, Peter Scullion, Jennifer Meeke, Louise Davis (AFBI). Largely funded by DARD Total pond area = 1.25ha P 1 P 2 P 3 P 4 P 5 GW 1 GW 3 GW 2 Inlet manhole

Greg Forbes Performance of Greenmount Constructed Wetland

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Page 1: Greg Forbes Performance of Greenmount Constructed Wetland

Performance of the Greenmount

Constructed Wetland in treating farmyard

dirty water

Greg Forbes (AFBI), Bob Foy (AFBI), Martin Mulholland

(CAFRE).

Summary based on AFBI research monitoring and

QUB post-graduate research.

Contributors; Sally Kidd, Deborah Stephenson, Brian Reid (CAFRE).

Vanessa Woods, Colm McKenna, Zoe McKervey, Phil Dinsmore, Elaine

Sayers, Peter Scullion, Jennifer Meeke, Louise Davis (AFBI).

Largely funded by DARD

������������ �������� ��

Total pond area = 1.25ha

P 1P 2

P 3

P 4

P 5

GW 1

GW 3

GW 2

Inletmanhole

Page 2: Greg Forbes Performance of Greenmount Constructed Wetland

����������������

��������� �� ��������

400mm

450mm

450mm

400mm

SOIL

OUTLET

INFLOW

WATER LEVEL

200mm

150mm

Pond 1

Pond 51700mm fall, Pond 1 to Pond 5

SOIL

OUTLET

INFLOW

WATER LEVEL

200mm

150mm

��������������

�������

Species % survival

Typha latifiola 93

Phragmites australis.

82

Carex riparia. 80

Iris pseudacorus. 88

Sparganium erectum.

82

No FDW for first year

Page 3: Greg Forbes Performance of Greenmount Constructed Wetland

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Greenmount rainfall 2006 - 2009

Annual

Rainfall (mm)

���' /0/

���. /'/

���/ 0�/

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Page 4: Greg Forbes Performance of Greenmount Constructed Wetland

pET

mm/month(mean)

JAN 5.4

FEB 13.5

MAR 30.7

APR 52.0

MAY 79.3

JUN 88.7

JUL 87.5

AUG 70.1

SEP 43.5

OCT 22.4

NOV 6.7

DEC 3.7

FDW inflow

Flows and Potential evapotranspiration (pET)

Summer pET loss ~450mm yr~ 50% of total inflow & rainfall

Average rainfall to

Ponds ~ 11,500m3/yr

BUT

1�������� ��� ���2�����

FDW & summer rainfall insufficient to sustain pond

water levels

Page 5: Greg Forbes Performance of Greenmount Constructed Wetland

32�������� �� ������ ��+��4�-���567)$�%8�� �9����

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Inlet P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 sed P

BOD 1773 168 75 35 52 8.3 128 **

TP 61.4 15.9 10.3 7.5 3.6 1.8 3.1 **

FreeNH3

6.21 5.29 1.78 3.06 0.48 0.23 0.02 **

BOD- Biochemical oxygen demand

Discharge limit 40 mg/l

Mean annual TP concentrations

2006-2009

Mean annual BOD concentrations

2006-2009

Page 6: Greg Forbes Performance of Greenmount Constructed Wetland

Mean annual NH3 concentrations (2007)

Mean annual conductivity values (2006-2009)

High rainfall episodes affect TP concentration

No flow

Flow

Page 7: Greg Forbes Performance of Greenmount Constructed Wetland

Each year over 90% of TP load retained in CW

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Page 8: Greg Forbes Performance of Greenmount Constructed Wetland

Pond 4 BOD5 limit exceedence

Without pond 5 the CW would breach BOD levels

Pond 4

Pond 4 BOD5 monthly mean concentrations 2009

Page 9: Greg Forbes Performance of Greenmount Constructed Wetland

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Kai Cai found that wetland efficiently removed naturally occurring female (estrogens)

and male (androgens) hormones originating from the dairy farm

Januar

y

Febru

ary

Mar

chApir

lM

ayJu

ly

August

Septe

mber

Oco

tober

Nove

rmber

Dec

ember

0

50

100

150

V-notch pond 1a pond 1b pond 2 pond 3 pond 4 pond 5

EE

Qs c

on

cen

trati

on

(n

g L

-1)

Januar

y

Febru

ary

Mar

chApir

lM

ayJu

ly

Aug

ust

Septe

mber

Oco

tober

Nove

rmber

Dec

ember

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

TE

Qs

co

nc

en

tra

tio

n (

ng

L-1

) ������������ ���

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Page 10: Greg Forbes Performance of Greenmount Constructed Wetland

Janette Bretell also found that wetland efficiently removed microbiological

load present in dirty water inflow including: faecal coliforms, total coliforms,

Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli. Wild birds may have been source

of low levels of Campylobacter found in pond 5 but not in ponds 2, 3 or 4.

Coliforms levels (CFU log10/ml) in wetland ponds

0

1

2

3

4

5

20/0

8/2

007

03/0

9/2

007

17/0

9/2

007

01/1

0/2

007

15/1

0/2

007

29/1

0/2

007

12/1

1/2

007

26/1

1/2

007

10/1

2/2

007

24/1

2/2

007

07/0

1/2

008

21/0

1/2

008

04/0

2/2

008

18/0

2/2

008

03/0

3/2

008

17/0

3/2

008

31/0

3/2

008

14/0

4/2

008

28/0

4/2

008

12/0

5/2

008

26/0

5/2

008

09/0

6/2

008

23/0

6/2

008

07/0

7/2

008

21/0

7/2

008

04/0

8/2

008

18/0

8/2

008

Sampling dates

Lo

g 10C

FU

/ml Inflow

Pond 1APond 1BPond 2Pond 3Pond 4Pond 5

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This Masters thesis on the Greenmount wetland was judged

best student project in NI section Chartered Institution of

Water and Environmental Management

Page 11: Greg Forbes Performance of Greenmount Constructed Wetland

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��4�)4�' 0� �>' F�>� F�>� F�>� F�>� GG

�'4�04�' �.� �>� F�>� F�>� F�>� F�>� GG

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Faecal coliform (presumptive) counts (‘000 cfu/100 ml)

Courtesy of Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA)

Page 12: Greg Forbes Performance of Greenmount Constructed Wetland

Date Inlet Pond 1 Pond 2 Pond 3 Pond 4 Pond 5 Significance

31/05/06 500 22 0.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 **

06/09/06 1400 13 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 **

23/05/07 CG 1.5 0.7 <0.1 <0.1 <0.2 **

24/10/07 >1000 - 1.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 **

05/08/09* 10 1.0 4.5 1.5 <0.1 <0.2 **

Total coliform (presumptive) and enterococci* counts (‘000 cfu/100 ml)

CW Pathogen reduction

Courtesy of Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA)