Product Introduction &Technical Information

GreenZyme

• MadMackenzie Solutions is an innovative start-up organization

representing the product GreenZyme, a platform technology that

has successfully treated thousands of wells worldwide.

• GreenZyme has shown great success increasing oil mobility,

alleviating blockages and aiding separation across upstream

recovery phases, including primary, secondary and tertiary.

• GreenZyme is a proven product utilizing relatively unfamiliar

technology in the form of a non-living, true oil-releasing enzyme

catalyst.

Who is MadMackenzie?

3

Value Proposi t ion for Oi l Recovery

ExecutionBenefits

MadMackenzie Solutions provides sustainable increases in oil

production with methodologies utilizing GreenZyme® technology

Recover More OOIP

• Help to release trapped oil and enhance oil’s mobility to produce

Production Improvement

• Reach unrecoverable oil through tight rock with time, water +GZ

• Aid oil mobility through formation without impact to crude, no

added emulsions, effective for both heavy and light oil

Flow Assurance

• Alleviate blockages; mobilizes paraffin to production, not solving

it (not inhibitor)

Life of Well Improvement

• Oil’s improved mobility sustains profitability and delay P&A costs

MadMackenzie Solutions works together with clients to plan and

execute field-specific projects

Near Wellbore Treatments

• Advantageous of selected wells for huff-n-puff stimulation or

similar operation

Existing Injectors (with know channels of communication)

• Distributes product through the field, improving sweep efficiency

and aiding oil’s mobility

Reclaimed GreenZyme®-Water

• Recovered post treatment, if feasible, utilized for additional

stimulation operations in the field, helping secure economic

success at a low cost

4

Return on InvestmentRisk

MadMackenzie Solutions recommended methods and operations,

utilizing the technology GreenZyme®, provides little operational risk

• No harm to people or environment

• No damage to equipment or systems

• No negative impacts to reservoir

• No impact to the hydrocarbon product

MadMackenzie Solutions when strategically treating wells from a

field-view, yield incremental oil that present significant ROI

Incremental oil typically pays for treatment in 30-90 days

• Water injection communication time to producers must be taken

into account – including accurate measurements

Anticipated ROI equal to 2-3x investment or more

• Ability to have established historical data production and

accurate measurements are key

Benefit of environmentally friendly solution

• Better for assets and reservoirs

• Improvement to crude quality / value - pure separation, no

chemical bi-products

Value Proposi t ion for Oi l Recovery

Kevin Gentry

President & Founder

13 years: Technical Sales, Mktg, Strategy

Meet some of the MadMackenzie Team

Michael Molek

Vice President

25 years, Project, Business Mgmt, Executive

Jim Rangel

Chief Reservoir Advisor

35 years, Geophysicist, Reservoir & Unconventional SME

Walter King

Technical Advisor & Geologist SME

50 years, Drilling Co. Owner & E&P Operator

James Mallory

Vice President

25 years, Operations, Project Mgmt, Executive

William Gough

Project Manager / Geologist

13 years, Geologist, Operations, Projects

Note: MadMackenzie Team, Board & Advisors represent over 260 years O&G experience.

Vince Nguyen

Chief Reservoir Advisor

18 years, Chem / Petro Eng, Reservoir SME

Bryan White

General Counsel & Technical Advisor

35 years, O&G Patent Law, Eng & Bio Specialist

GreenZyme Technology Introduction

Dr. Philip Lau obtained his PhD in Chemical Engineering from Texas A&M University and began his career working with Dow Chemical.

Dow Career• 10-year tenure serving as Dow Research Group Leader• Managed 300 technical staff, 60 of which were PhD’s• His group developed ASP technologies still utilized today • Dr. Lau personally commercialized 12-patent technologies

during the same period

Only two promotions away from achieving the honour of Dow Fellow, Dr. Lau resigned from his role to fulfil his vision to create a new technology – the first of its kind – a non-living catalyst.

Vision for a Disruptive Technology

EOR

• Fracturing

• Hot oils

• Acid and caustic

• ASP, polymers

• Microbes – Living

• Enzymes – Non-living

• Water-flooding

• Steam -injection

• Microwave

• Radio Frequency

• Nano Technology

Chemistry PhysicsBiology

Enzyme-EOR ?

Living Organism

Microbe – single-cell organisms so tiny that millions can fit into

the eye of a needle. Oil-Eating microbe converts oil into carbon

dioxide and water.

Non-Living Organism

Enzyme – substance produced by a living organism that acts as

a catalyst to bring about specific biochemical reaction.

True Biological Catalyst

Catalyst – substance that increases the rate of a chemical

reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical

change.

1 0

Solut ion ComparisonG r e e n Z y m e ® s u r p a s s e s t r a d i t i o n a l r e c o v e r y s o l u t i o n s i n n e a r l y e v e r y f e a t u r e

Feature Microbes Surfactant Polymer Thermal GreenZyme®

Category Biology Chemistry Chemistry Physics Biology

DescriptionLiving bacteria to break

up the oilReduces IFT

Large sized molecules to push oil

Increases mobility through heat

Millions of interactions per seconds to free oil

Market acceptance

Applied as Conventional EOR Solution

Applied as an Unconventional EOR Solution

Provides effective physical mobilization of oil

Positive impact to IFT, Contact Angle, Capillary

Retains Efficacy over long distances

Minimal treatments required for efficacy

Non-consumable and Reusable solution

Ease of use, no special equipment required

No risk to equipment or reservoir

Environmentally friendly and non-harmful

These features directly affect capex and opex = High = Medium = Low

GreenZyme is the evolution of microbe technology for the

purpose of EOR.

A natural biological catalyst designed to increase oil mobility and

improve relative-permeability, helping to recover more OOIP.

A 100% biodegradable solution that is more powerful and longer

lasting in the reservoir as a result of its catalytic functionality.

GreenZyme®What is

?

• Temperature

• pH

• Salinity

• Radioactive Isotopes

• NORM

• Sulfur

• Hydrogen Sulfide content

• Paraffin

Unaffected by adverse well conditions such as:

New Frontiers in EOR

Methodologies by Application of

Enzymes

SPE 154690: Tarang Jain and Akash

Sharma “The enzyme function of

the product is due to the fact that

the enzymes release oil, but are not

consumed in the releasing

mechanism. After the release of

hydrocarbons the enzymes will be

attached to the solid surfaces and…

are available to interact with new

hydrocarbons and cause the release

of oil.”

Client Referrals and Publication referencesabout GreenZyme®

EOR Pilot Tests with Modified

Enzyme [GreenZyme] – Dangang

Field, China

Author: PetroChina Oilfield Co.

“… [GreenZyme] was applied to the

Shengli field in China and increased

production was sustained for 180 days

producing an additional 10,961 bbl.

…With continued development over

the next two years, more than 100

wells saw enzyme applications with a

success ratio of greater than 88%.”

Olivia Carey,

Asset Manager, Operator

“GreenZyme® is the EOR of the

future: cleaner, safer, and smarter.

It is a biodegradable, biological

enzyme derivative. It digests

nothing, dissolves nothing, and

causes nothing to grow. GreenZyme

performs its biological function in

every reservoir.”

EEOR Success in Mann Field, Myanmar

“The environment-friendly enzyme, a

biological catalyst, can significantly accelerate

(several million reactions per second) release

of oil from grain surfaces in an oil reservoir. In

addition, it can change rock wettability from

oil-wet to water-wet to GreenZyme-wet, thus

reducing interfacial tension of solids and oil-

flow resistance through formation pore

spaces. The enzyme works biologically,

theoretically never being consumed,

reapplied until diluted by produced water.”

How does GreenZyme work?

Oil releasing process with GreenZyme®

GreenZyme® physically releases oil from solid,

relieving IFT, improving contact angle and

alleviating capillary pressures

H+

OH-

Active Site

GreenZyme® molecule interacting with

crude oil attached to solid

Oil-wetted surface changed to a

water-GreenZyme®-wetted surface

Technology & Mechanism

GreenZyme® is the evolution of microbe-biology technology for the purpose of improved oil-recovery. The product is

engineered through a proprietary DNA-transfer process that involves impregnating a high-protein nutrient solution

with selective DNA of oil-digesting microbes. This process results in an inert and water-soluble protein DNA-molecule,

a non-living biological enzyme, specifically designed to act as an oil-releasing catalyst, capable of producing millions of

reactions per second.

The enzymatic function of the catalyst is strictly limited to its interaction with hydrocarbons. As a true-catalyst,

GreenZyme® has the ability to perform its function repeatedly as a non-consumable agent, without loss of efficacy

over time. The mechanism involves three components: H+, OH-, and an “active site”, which represents the proprietary

DNA component. The H+ and OH- components form a polar part and the active site forms a non-ionic part. Upon

contact with a hydrocarbon the non-ionic part allows the enzyme to penetrate the hydrocarbon, whereby the polar H+

and OH- components work to release microscopic droplets of oil.

The result of this unique behavior is a clean release of oil by relieving interfacial tension, improving contact

angle and alleviating capillary pressures. This process is continuous over time and produces no byproducts of

any kind. The hydrocarbon’s mobility is improved without impacting the hydrocarbon chain or changing

viscosity. GreenZyme’s® enzymatic catalyst function is capable of providing production impacts that have

been measured in the field for durations in excess of 12 months after a single treatment.

GreenZyme® is the industry’s first non-consumable and reusable downhole oil-recovery

technology, an environmentally-friendly solution.

Technology & Mechanism, con’t

GreenZyme at work with heavy oil in formation

Figure 7: Data Source: Qing-xian Feng, SPE 107128, Feb. 2009.

Oil in formation

Rock framework

GreenZyme changing wettability,

changing oil mobility

GreenZyme molecules working inside pores of oil reservoir

Figure 5 & 6: Data Source: Qing-xian Feng, SPE 107128, Feb. 2009.

GreenZyme®

at work

Click above to watch embedded video.

GreenZyme®

Behavior

Click above to watch embedded video.

GreenZyme®Effects of

Behavior

Catalyst for changing wettability

GZ changes wettability. Oil-wetted and water-wetted surfaces

are turned into GreenZyme-wetted surfaces, releasing residual

oils and enhancing the formation’s ability to flow.

Working with paraffin

GZ is not a solvent, however as a result of its behavior GZ is able

to help mobilize paraffin with the residual oils it encounters.

Releasing Oil

GZ catalytically releases oil in the form of tiny droplets that

dramatically improve the oil’s mobility to flow throughout the

formation.

IFT and Permeability

GZ works as a catalyst to reduce IFT and increase relative-

permeability, helping to promote hydrocarbon migration from

rock.

• Improve start-up well performance

• Mature wells with continuous decline

• New wells with rapid decline

• Waterflooding systems

• Mobilize oils of various viscosities

• Wells with paraffin problems

• Single huff-and-puff wells

• Steam Injection wells

• Chemical Fracturing wells

Conventional & Unconventional Applications

GreenZymeTechnical Slides

Heavy oil in GreenZyme

Heavy oil in brine water

Crude oil with suspended solids in high

wax, paraffin, & asphaltene sample

How GreenZyme E-EOR works to

release crude oil in formation

1) Oil-wetted sandy surface to GreenZyme®-water-wetted surface, with surface protection.

2) Water-wetted surface to GreenZyme®-water-wetted surface, with surface protection.

3) GreenZyme® releases oil from sandy surface catalytically.

4) GreenZyme® unclog any formation-blockages.

5) GreenZyme® increases permeability, restore formation pressure due to blockages.

1 2 3 45

Oil released by GreenZyme

Clear Color

Clear Interphase

Why and How GreenZymeis successful in oil fields

Formation Unclogging

Contact Angle

Oil Releasing Catalyst

Interfacial Tension (IFT)

GreenZyme

Concentration

%

Interfacial

Tension (IFT)

(mN / m)

0% 19.36

2% 2.39

4% 1.49

5% 0.01

6% 0.1

8% 0.11

10% 3.95

Effect on interfacial tension of crude

oil in reservoir

Composition of Sample Oil

Density: 0.93Viscosity: 1130 – 4350 mPa.sWax: 1.5 – 2%Asphalt: < 2%Resin: 36-38%Freezing: 15-21°C

Table 1: GreenZyme vs Interfacial Tension. Data source: (Y. Wang) SPE 112355, 2008.

OIL OIL OIL

Contact Angle (i.e. θ) of Oil Droplet on Sandy Surface in Water Phase

Sandy surface Sandy surface Sandy surface Sandy surface

O – Phase Equilibrium

θ

Contact angle = Contact angle < Contact angle = Contact angle >

Perfectly water-wetted Highly water-wetted Neutrally wetted Highly oil-wetted

From Young’s equation of capillarity:

= + cos θ eq. (1)

Work of adhesion or de-adhesion: W

= + - eq. (2)

= ( 1 + cos θ ) eq. (3)

For oil-phase, contact angle = - θ

= ( 1 + cos ( θ ))

= ( 1 – cos θ ) eq. (5)

Where = IFT between oil & water (mN/ m)

r = radius of capillary tube (m).θ = contact angle (degree). o = oil phase; w = water phase.

& = work of adhesion ( )

GreenZyme® in formation changes:

a) Weakly oil-wetted surface to strongly GZ-water-wetted

surface in a short period of time, with surface protection.

b) Weakly water-wetted surface instantly to strongly

GZ-water-wetted surface, with surface protection.

c) Increase relative permeability of oil-phase for faster flow.

d) Decrease relative permeability of water-phase.

e) For water-wetted formation, GreenZyme® can increase the

driving force, i.e. ΔP From Darcy’s law - Inhibition Process.

f) For oil-wetted formation, GreenZyme® can improve the

resistance force of oil movement - Drainage Process.

Contact angle of oil droplet

on solid surface

Effect of 10% GreenZyme on contact angle changes at sandy surfaces.

Effectiveness to change contact angles of crude oil surfaces

GreenZyme (%) 0% 5% 10% 20% 30%

Contact Angle

(Degree) 125° 56° 42° 35° 32°

Time

(Minutes)0 3 5 7 10

Salt Water (Degree)

125° 123° 123° 120° 115°

10% GreenZyme(Degree)

96° 72° 62° 50° 42°

Raw Materials: Crude from Gudong, Shengli Oilfield, API = 18; quartz plate (100% cleand)

Instrument: CS-2 contact angle instrument

Method: 100% cleaned quartz plate immersed into closed container with 20 ml crude oil for

3-days aging, every 12-hours added 10 ml of n-pentane, for a total of 60 ml in 3 days.

Baked the quartz plate at 80-95 degree C oven until completely dried.

Do droplet contact angle tests on surfaces using CS2 instrument.

Data Source: “Laboratory analysis & evaluation report for Apollo GreenZyme in oilfield recovery”, CNPC Report,

April 20, 2002, by Research Institute of China Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing China.

Table 3: Effect of 10%

GreenZyme on Contact

Angle at sandy surface

Table 4: Effect of different % of

GreenZyme on Contact Angle changes

in 10 minutes

Limestone Sandstone

Surface TypeTime

(minutes)0 5 300 1800 Reduce Rate

Sandstone 0 (degree) 94.35 8.89 2.62 0 100%

Limestone 0 (degree) 133.64 132.48 124.77 115.76 13.38%

Core unclogging experiments and results using GreenZyme

Oil Type: Crude oil in Y8 reservoir, Shengli Oilfield, China

Composition: Density 0.93; Viscosity 1130-4350 mPa.s; Wax 1.5-2%;

Asphalt <2%; Resin 36-38%; Freezing Point 15-21°C

Table 2: GreenZyme vs Contact Angle on surface wettability

Date Source: (Y. Wang) SPE 112355, 2008.

Oil-releasing capability tests and results using GreenZyme

Time (Hours) 0.3 0.5 1.0 3 5 10 24 48 72

% Oil Recovered

by salt water0.3% 0.7% 0.9% 1.5% 1.8% 2.3% 2.8% 3.0 5.1%

% Oil Recovery

by 10%

GreenZyme

8.5% 12.4% 16.6% 23.5% 28.6% 33.5% 46.8% 48.6% 49.1%

Procedure:

1.) Place 1.5Kg quartz sand in baking oven for 2 hours

at 120°C, then put sand sample in desiccator chamber

for later use at ambient temperature.

2.) Take 1Kg of the quartz sand, and mix well with

125g of crude oil. Bake in oven at 85°C for 24 hours.

Then cool sample.

3.) Oil releasing capability tests: Take 5g of the

baked sample and place inside the WAOR Instrument.

Then add the required % GreenZyme mixed solution.

4.) Place everything inside a constant room-

temperature box for observation.

5.) Take timely-measured readings of oil being

released from the baked sample.

Table 5: Source CNPC report from Research Institute of China Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing China

Special features of GreenZyme

FEATURES REMARKSAppearance Odor

Clear amber color liquid, 100% water solubleFermentation odor

pH Concentrate: 3.2-5.0 ; Diluted form: 6.5-7.0

Composition Non-living, active; about 1.73 g/L

Tolerance: pHTemperature

Not affected, pH 1-14, see Petrobras reportTested @ 270 C; good > 425 C steam-huff-and-puff cycles, see CNPC report

Tolerance: SalinityParaffinAsphaltene

Any, unaffected by salinity Alleviates severe blockages by mobilizing paraffin (not a solvent)Aids production in presence of minor asphaltene

Tolerance: All Metallic IonsNORM

No affected in any concentrationNot affected

Environmental Studies Non-toxic, 100% biodegradable; Pass EU tests, see OECD reports

E-EOR with GreenZyme Chemicals

1) Non-consumable. No need to calculate Consumable. Need to calculateeffective radius; a real catalyst. effective radius; not a catalyst at all.

2) EOR lasts longer, mostly anywhere from EOR lasts shorter, mostly anywhere 12 months to over 24 months. From 3 months to 6 months.

3) Molecule with DNA. No chemical reaction No DNA. Strong chemical reactionswith crude oil. with crude oil.

4) Produced biologically. Produced chemically.

5) 100% water diffusible. May or may not.

6) High EOR success rate. Average 90+%. Average EOR success rate is 50%.

Total volume of crude oil increase is huge. Total volume of crude oil increase is low.

7) More friendly to environment. Relatively speaking, more toxic.

GreenZyme E-EOR versus Chemicals

BOPD

200

10

1985 1995 2005 20202015

Marginal line ( 95% Drop ) – Point of Final Death A

B

Typical life expectancy of 1 oil well

BOPD

200

10

1985 1995 2005 2015 2020

Duration in calendar years

Life Cycle = estimated 35 years

Initial Production = 200 BOPD

Point A = Marginal point

Point B = Shut-in (death)

Duration in calendar years

Over performance oil wellBOPD

200

10

1985 1995 2005 2015 2020

Duration in calendar years

Under performance oil well

Duration in calendar years

1985 1995 2005 2015 2020

200

10

Poor performance oil well

BOPD

B

B

B

A

A

GreenZyme EOR Performance of 1 Oil Well

BOPD

200

40

10

1985 1995 2005 2015 2020 2025

Duration in calendar years

A

B B1

V4

V5V3

V2

V1 V11

V12

V10

V9V7

V8

V6

A1

Initial (Highest) Daily Production

80% Drop From Initial

Rescue

Point

Legend:

A : Marginal Point

B : Shut-in

V : GreenZyme® EOR

Key Points Here:

1) GreenZyme® intervention time < 80% drop from Initial Production When New.

2) Intervention and effective time period between V1, V3, V5, V7, V9, V11 etc. can be anywhere from 6 months

to 36+ months, depending on formations favorable or non-favorable conditions. Most average oil wells can

enhance extra oil productions between one to two years.

3) GreenZyme® intervention can benefit in oil production in 2 areas:

A) Large volume of extra oil production increase after each E-EOR treatment.

B) Extend and prolong the life-cycle of any typical oil well.

Enzyme (GreenZyme) Microbes

1) EOR lasts longer, mostly anywhere from EOR lasts shorter, mostly anywhere from18 months to over 3 years. 3 months to 6 months.

2) Non-living protein molecules with DNA. Living protein molecules with DNA.

3) A catalyst, no need for core sample tests. Not a catalyst, need core sample test.

4) Formation temperature >270° C applications. Formation temperature < 80° C only.

5) Easier to mass produce with human controls. Not easily controlled by human factors.

6) 100% water diffusible. Mostly not.

7) Higher EOR success rate. Average 90+%. Lower EOR success rate. Average 50%.Volume of crude oil increase is huge. Volume of crude oil increase is modest.

8) Environmentally friendly. Relatively speaking more toxic.

GreenZyme E-EOR versus Microbes

GreenZyme is immune?

Do not need to worry about the following conditions:

pH of fluid in sand formation.

Salinity of fluid in sand formation.

Temperature in sand formation. In laboratory tests, GreenZyme® does not degrade under pressure up to 270 degrees C.

Presence of any metallic ions in sand formation; since GreenZyme® is a biological agent, not a chemical agent, GreenZyme® does not react with most natural chemicals present inside typical sand formations.

Any radio-active isotopes (i.e. NORM) in the crude oil.

Initial signs of success after GreenZyme treatment

A rise in new Static Liquid Level is a evidence of GreenZyme® success

➢ Static Liquid Level of well will rise,

confirming increased pressure down-hole

caused by release of oil from formation.

➢ New Production Rate will always require

increase in pump jack cyclical rate and/or caused by the treatment with GreenZyme®

Remember: Lifting the new volume of fluid is

the only way to produce the additional oil released from the pay zone by GreenZyme®

New Static

Liquid Level

Old Static

Liquid Level

Surface

Water

Hydrocarbon

Layer

Water

Problem oil wells? GreenZyme can help

Water-cut > 90+% Use water-blocking chemicals, then GreenZyme®.

Sand leaking problems. Use sand control screen & chemicals, then GreenZyme®.

Limestone formation, low porosity. Use 1-2% HCl before or after GreenZyme®.

Fracturing job. Use GreenZyme® before fracturing chemicals job.

Repeated chemical-polymer wells. Use GreenZyme® alone for EOR & formation detoxification.

Repeated acid or caustic jobs. Use GreenZyme® alone for EOR & formation detoxification.

Heavy oil, steam huff-and-puff job. Use GreenZyme® before steam application process.

Extensive water-flooding wells. Use GreenZyme® in water-flooding EOR, reduce energy use.

Review Real Field Results

Typical results after GreenZyme applications

API 14-32 // Average Tracking:18 Months to 3 Years, Phase 1

Extension of well life with multiple treatments

Tracking Duration: 10 years, Phases 1-6

4 years 14 months 1 year 1.5 years 2.5 years

Venezuela Well Example

Typical Results Review

Venezuela Well Examples

Well Name

# Drums

Before (bopd)

After (bopd)

% Increase

J-1295 5 45 70 56%

PB-515 4 60 120 100%

PB-377 4 25 50 100%

PB-732 6 3 19 533%

PB-593 2 40 99 148%

TJ-1349 3 124 273 120%

PB467 5 40 60 50%

TJ-864-A 10 45 110 144%

China Well Examples

Well Name # DrumsBefore (bopd)

After (bopd) % Increase

Yong 8-33 4 129 221 71%

Yong 8-42 4 89 162 82%

Yong 8-22 4 48 52 8%

Lun 2-25 4 20 54 170%

Lei 2-4 4 4 12 200%

Xi 40-20 4 160 207 29%

Ban 62-30 10 23 78 239%

Wei-Z 11-4 15 352 561 59%

Indonesia Well Example

Date BOPD WC %

20-Dec 46 90

15-Jan 113 87

21-Feb 91 90

13-Mar 85 91

7-Apr 128 91

9-May 91 90

7-Jun 90 90

2-Jul 90 90

3-Aug 89 90

3-Sep 98 90

9-month avg. increase: 96%

Well # 65

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Pre-Treat 15-Jan 21-Feb 13-Mar 7-Apr 9-May 7-Jun 2-Jul 3-Aug 3-Sep

Chart Title

Indonesia Well Example

Date BOPD WC %

20-Dec 46 90

15-Jan 113 87

21-Feb 91 90

13-Mar 85 91

7-Apr 128 91

9-May 91 90

7-Jun 90 90

2-Jul 90 90

3-Aug 89 90

3-Sep 98 90

9-month avg. increase: 96%

Well # 66

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Pre-Treat 15-Jan 21-Feb 13-Mar 7-Apr 9-May 7-Jun 2-Jul 3-Aug 3-Sep

Chart Title

Oil

Location

Scurry County Texas

Well Type

Oil Pumper

Formation

Strawn Sand

Casing and Tubing Size

Casing 5 ½ “ , Tubing 2 7/8”

Oil Production

Initial production July 1996 : 101 BPD

Production Prior to Treatment : .75 BPD

Perforated Depth

1 zone 7333” – 7346”

Specific Gravity of Oil

30

Challenge

• High viscosity, low gravity API

• Strong adhesion properties, low mobility

• High sand production

• Asphaltene content

• Emulsions, formation of water-in-oil

Our Solution with GZ

• Release oil’s adhesion to substrate

• Micro-oil droplets improve relative-permeability

• Relieve formation blockages; paraffin, asphaltene

• Improve oil mobility in-formation

• Reduced sand production

Value to Client

• Low cost OpEx method to Recover More OOIP

• Improvements to reservoir flow conditions

• Less chemical & less downtime = cost savings

• Aid to separation and downstream processing

• Benefit of environmentally-friendly solution

MadMackenzie Market-Entry

Upstream Target Market

1. US-Conventional - Marginal / Stripper < 10 bopd (1-2 GZ each)- Primary / Secondary 11 - 3,000 bopd (2-12 GZ each)- Tertiary waterflood (4-12+ GZ each)

2. US-Unconventional- Vertical (2-6 GZ each)- Horizontal (8-100+ GZ each)

3. International Conventional- Primary / Secondary 20 - 3,000 bopd (4-12 GZ each)- Tertiary waterflood (4-12 GZ each)

4. Offshore- Secondary 250 - 3,000 bopd (4-12 GZ each)- Waterflood (12+ GZ each)

(each GZ unit is 55-gallon drum)

Middle East Market-Entry

Well # 1018API Gravity 16 APIPorosity 23%Initial Oil 119 bopdInitial Water 100 bwpd3 Payzones 38mCurrrent Oil 81.8 bopd

Current Water 19 bwpd

Formation psi 2465 psi

GZ-Water Pill 4GZ + 185 bblWater Slug 167 bblRate 4 bpmShuIn Time 5 days

Well # 1218API Gravity 21 APIPorosity 24%Initial Oil 44 bopdInitial Water 0 bwpd1 Payzone 35mCurrrent Oil 0 bopd

Current Water 0 bwpd

Formation psi 2248 psi

GZ-Water Pill 4GZ + 184 bblWater Slug 185 bblRate 3 bpm

Shut-In Time 5 days

56

Proof of Concept – Omani Heavy-Oil ConventionalG r o s s p r o d u c t i o n i m p r o v e m e n t

The ResultThe Situation

• Gross production post treatment has

yielded over 2300-bbls incremental vol. in

the first 90-days

• Well IP 119 bopd, declining to 68 bopd

• 20% water cut

• Average porosity 23% producing 16 API oil from

three pay zones

The Treatment

• Well shut-in with squeeze job of 365 bbl of water,

and 4 drums (220-gal) of GreenZyme®

57

Proof of Concept – Conventional Rescue & Recover A c h i e v e d 6 6 0 b b l s i n c r e m e n t a l o i l i n f i r s t 9 0 - d a y s

The ResultThe Situation

• Immediate improvement achieved, avg of

7.5-bopd first 90 days, sand prob mitigated

• Yielded 660-bbls of incremental oil in first 90

days achieving positive ROI, still monitoring

• Well IP 44 bopd, experienced severe

decline over first 18 months production

• Well production hit 0-bopd for 100 days

prior to GZ treatment

• Average porosity 23% producing 21-API

• No gravel-pack, sand production problem

The Treatment

• Stimulation included Qty 4 drums (220-

gal) of GreenZyme® and 350 bbl of water

• 5-7 day shut-in recommended

• Treated down backside, keeping costs low

• Rescue operation and attempt to bring

well back to life

58

Proof of Concept – U.S. Marginal Conventional6 6 % p r o d u c t i o n i m p r o v e m e n t a v g a t 9 0 d a y s

The ResultThe Situation

• Average of 66% improvement over the first

90 days yielding 230 bbls incremental oil

• Well IP 21 bopd, declining to 3 bopd in

less than 18 months

• Average porosity 11% producing 41 API

oil from a single pay zone

The Treatment

• Well treated down backside with Qty 2

drums (55-gal) of GreenZyme® 2% KCI

water and 325 bbls produced water

• Well shut-in for 4 days

US-Marginal Well Success

6 1

Proof of Concept – U.S. Permian UnconventionalF i r s t m a j o r u n c o n v e n t i o n a l f i e l d t r i a l

Execution The Situation

• Project planning executed

• Frac job execution in Q2

• Execution of first zipper-frac in February

• Trial Value of $400K

• Successful indicators will include:

• Increase initial oil production

• Reduced duration of time to produce

• Oil mobility to produce at less pressure

The Method

• GreenZyme to mix with frac water, to

interact with the most oil in the fractures

• Quantity-30 totes (6,600 gal) mixed with

frac water at ratio of 4-gpt (gallons per

thousand)

• Solution will benefit from natural shut-in

duration during completions

6 2

Proof of Concept – U.S. Permian UnconventionalTw o w e l l t r i a l f o r u n c o n v e n t i o n a l b r o w n f i e l d s t i m u l a t i o n t r i a l

Execution The Situation

• Product delivery in progress

• Low psi stim job scheduled to execute in Q3

• Execution of Qty-2 unconv. brownfield stim

• Trial to mobilize oil w/less required energy/psi

• Successful indicators will include:

• Improved oil production and flow rate

• Reduced duration of time to produce

• Assist Oil mobility to produce at less psi

The Method

• GreenZyme injected with water at low psi to

stimulate residual oil in the fractures

• Qty-2 drums (55-gal each) per well, mixed with

water at ratio of 4-gpt (gallons per thousand)

• Solution will benefit oil migration thru proppant

network and small closures with less required

energy/psi to produce

• Mixed with frac water, GreenZyme will treat an unconventional horizonal during

a multi-stage frac process.

• Implemented during the frac process, GreenZyme will maximize its opportunity

to interact with hydrocarbons.

• As each stage is completed GreenZyme will benefit from a beneficial soak

period, optimizing its impact potential.

• When production begins the following improvements to oil mobility are

achieved:

• Oil-released from the surface of rock

• Reduced IFT & capillary pressures

• Improved contact angle

• Improved relative-permeability

• Maximize recovery of OOIP

• Reduced impact to environment

Impacting on Unconventional Resources

Market Potential

1. Upstream Oil Recovery

2. Drilling- Cuttings- Emulsions- Soil Remediation

3. Downstream- Separation- Flow assurance

4. Environmental / Remediation- Tanker / FSO - Railcar- Trucking - Soil

Upstream Sales Strategy

1. Direct Sales to Operator▪ Well by well▪ Field based

2. CSS – Challenge-Specific Solutions▪ Recover More OOIP▪ Heavy oil▪ Paraffin / Asphaltene▪ Application specific “copy-cat” targets

3. Strategic Partners▪ Industry-specific▪ Regionally focused▪ Application specific

Recover More OOIP Opportunity

Challenge

❖ Recover more OOIP than current industry methods

❖ Extend life-of-well with consistent production rates

❖ Reduce footprint of nasty production chemicals

❖ Cleanly recover oil

❖ Supply clean product downstream

Product Features & Benefits

➢ Easy to use, low risk to implement

➢ Environmentally-friendly oil-releasing enzyme

➢ True catalyst, performs its function repetitively over-time

➢ Non-consumable and reusable oil-releasing agent

➢ No special equip needed & does not damage equip

➢ Inert water-soluble protein, plays well with chemistry

Value to Client

✓ Low cost, low risk and easy to use

✓ Efficiently recovers more oil and alleviates blockages

✓ Operation consistently achieves positive ROI

✓ Operation yields long-term positive effects to life of well

✓ Higher value crude at point of sale, clean crude

Upstream Recovery: Target Market

❑ US - Conventional Assets

➢ Marginal / Stripper Wells

➢ Secondary Production

➢ Tertiary Production

❑ US - Unconventional Assets

➢ Initial frac, new completions

➢ Re-frac market, continued production

➢ Clean-frac to reduce environmental footprint

❑ International

➢ Middle East: Oman Qatar, Kuwait & UAE

➢ North Sea

➢ Canada, Mexico, Africa

❑ Offshore

➢ North Sea, GOM & West Africa

Heavy Oil Opportunity

Challenge

❖ High viscosity, low gravity API

❖ Strong adhesion properties, low mobility

❖ High sand production

❖ Asphaltene content

❖ Emulsions, formation of water-in-oil

Our Solution with GZ

➢ Release oil’s adhesion to substrate

➢ Micro-oil droplets improve relative-permeability

➢ Relieve formation blockages; paraffin, asphaltene

➢ Improve oil mobility in-formation

➢ Reduced sand production

Value to Client

✓ Low cost OpEx method to Recover More OOIP

✓ Improvements to reservoir flow conditions

✓ Less chemical & less downtime = cost savings

✓ Aid to separation and downstream processing

✓ Benefit of environmentally-friendly solution

Current Targets

❑ Middle East

✓ Pipeline Supply Co. (Oman)

✓ Saudi Drill Co. (Saudi Arabia)

✓ LIWA (UAE)

❑ California

✓ RL Environmental (CVX & CRC)

❑ Canada

✓ Progressive Fuels Limited

❑ Alaska

❑ Edwards Country, TX

❑ Mexico

Paraffin OpportunityChallenge

❖ Hydrocarbon compound that precipitates on production

components resulting from change in temp & psi

❖ Heavy wax substance that builds up on oil in a

honeycomb-like structure, attached to oil

❖ Strong adhesion properties, low mobility with a strong

tendency to create severe blockages and halt flow

❖ Current industry solution: Lots & Lots of nasty chemicals

and/or heat

Our Solution with GZ

➢ GZ is not an inhibitor, does not solve paraffin

➢ Releases & displaces oil to mobilize paraffin

➢ Relieves formation blockages of mild to severe paraffin

➢ Improve oil & paraffin mobility

Value to Client

✓ Effective paraffin mobilization and blockage removal

✓ Recover More OOIP by releasing trapped hydrocarbons

✓ Improvements to equipment degradation

✓ Less chem, less opex & less downtime = cost savings

✓ Benefit of environmentally-friendly solution

U.S. Onshore Crude: Chemical Revenue by Product (USD Million)

US Avg yearly paraffin spend is $80-150M

Pemex: FSO Tanker Cleaning Application (Pilot)

Challenge

❖ Tanks with existing water and hydrocarbon sludge

❖ Tanks have structural members making it difficult to clean with

pressure-washers

❖ Current industry solution: Pressure-wash and remove

hydrocarbon laden sludge manually. Costly for transporting

hydrocarbon waste – nasty mess.

Our Solution with GZ

➢ Utilize GZ in Firehose Induction System to soak walls of tank

➢ GZ and water soak to the bottom of tank - releases and

displaces oil from sludge

➢ Skim-off and recover incremental oil for refinery

➢ Re-circulate GZ water to next tank

Value to Client

✓ Effective cleaning and removal of hydrocarbons

✓ Recover more oil by releasing trapped hydrocarbons

✓ No equipment or tank degradation

✓ No hydrocarbons in sludge = cost savings for disposal

✓ Benefit of environmentally-friendly solution = cost savings for

operations near shore Typical FSO

PFL: Railcar Tanker Crude Cleaning Application (Pilot)

Challenge

❖ Railcar tanker with heavy hydrocarbon sludge

❖ Current industry solution: Pressure-wash/steam and

scrape to clean hydrocarbon/paraffin. Manually shovel

hydrocarbon laden sludge thru BOV or suck it out of heel.

Hazardous for personnel and costly for transporting /

disposal of hydrocarbon waste – nasty mess.

Our Solution with GZ

➢ Add GZ to hot oiler with existing water

➢ GZ / water heated 200 F injected Railcar for 1 hour –

releases and displaces oil from sludge

➢ Recover incremental oil for refinery

➢ Re-capture GZ water for next railcar tanker

➢ Remove clean hydrocarbon-free waste

Value to Client

✓ Effective cleaning and removal of hydrocarbons

✓ Recover more oil by releasing trapped hydrocarbons

✓ No equipment or tank degradation / improved operations

✓ No hydrocarbons in sludge = cost savings for disposal

✓ Benefit of environmentally-friendly solution = cost savings

for on-site operationsTypical Tanker Railcar

Oman API-16 Oil GreenZyme® Client Field Test

Cut plastic bottle received API-16 oil

Water only added, no reaction after period of time

After 5-hours

GZ has released more than 90% oil from bottom and side walls, without

agitation or heat

Service Hand Field Test, Oman

API-16 oil poured into glass container

GreenZyme product added to water

GZ added at approximately 10% concentration and allowed to work

After 30-45 minutes

Released oil is now visible at surface of water

After 3-hours

Significant portion of oil is mobilized to water surface

Untreated Crude Sludge from Tanker Railcar Heel

Hot Crude Sludge from Tanker Railcar Heel – Treated with GreenZyme® (Test)

GreenZyme® Treated Crude Sludge Mobility

Impact on proven reserves

EOR Pilot Tests with Modified Enzyme

[GreenZyme] – Dangang Field, China

Author: PetroChina Oilfield Co.

“… [GreenZyme] was applied to the

Shengli field in China and increased

production was sustained for 180 days

producing an additional 10,961 bbl.

…With continued development over the

next two years, more than 100 wells

saw enzyme applications with a success

ratio of greater than 88%.”

GreenZyme®Summary of

Benefits

Improving Oil Migration

GZ’s impact to IFT and contact angle aid oil’s mobility to travel

through formation more efficiently, requiring less pressure drive

Paraffin Mitigation

GZ is not a solvent, however as a result of its behavior GZ is able

alleviate blockages to help mobilize paraffin with the residual

oils it encounters

Recover More OOIP

GZ is the industry’s first non-consumable and re-usable

downhole recovery solution, proven to Recover More OOIP

Heavy Oil Production

Mobilize heavy oil more efficiently than traditional chems and

does not impact the hydrocarbon chain or cause emulsions

MadMackenzie Solutions9119 Hwy 6 Suite 230Missouri City, TX 77459

Thank you For your time.

Please contact us for more information and learn if GreenZyme is the right choice for your oil wells.

info@madmackenzie.comOffice: 281-778-8128

Product Animation: The MadMackenzie Solutions’ website has an animation that describes and shows how GreenZyme® behaves in the reservoir and with paraffin: www.madmackenzie.com

Technology Podcast: MadMackenzie participated in a recent podcast hosted by “Oil and Gas This Week” and provides a good discussion about EOR technologies, with a specific focus on GreenZyme. You may view the podcast here: https://lnkd.in/exvwux6

MadMackenzie Field Experience: We have executed projects across 5-states in the US and have recently executed our first international projects as well. Some of these results are available; for the projects that we are able to share we are happy to supply to you upon request.

White Papers: There are over 30 technical papers written about the GreenZyme® technology to date. MadMackenzie is happy to share this information upon request; See examples on next slide.

Resources

SPE 14428 Biology EOR for Low Permeability ReservoirsSPE 112355 New Agent for Mitigation in Heavy-Oil ReservoirSPE 107128 EOR Pilot Tests with Modified Enzyme in ChinaSPE 154690 New Frontiers in EOR Methodology by Application of Enzymes

Study_Enzymes for EOR_Centre for Integrated Petroleum ResearchStudy_Flood Summary of Brazil Crude and Norway Crude in Waterflooding ApplicationsStudy_GreenZyme Flood Summary Berea Sample_PTS LabsStudy_Lab Tests and Technical Evaluation of GreenZyme®Study Center for Integrated Petroleum Research Enzyme to Improve Waterflooding

Performance_SCA2009-28_2009 (CIPR)

Resources