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Greenhouse Gas Intensity from Natural Gas in
Transport
Bastad, 01 June 2017
Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Natural Gas Study 2
Road transport system is asked to move from the current oil derived monopoly towards a more complex system composed by different propulsion systems, based on both Internal Combustion Engines and Electrified powertrains. Those systems should rely on different forms of energies, produced with very different processes starting from primary energy sources. When referring to decarbonisation, it is fundamental to consider the entire fuel chain (from extraction to its end usage, meaning from Well to Wheel) to have a proper comparison among different solutions. In this way TECHNOLOGY NEUTRALITY is guaranteed.
Why Well-to-Wheel approach
Roadmap of road transport energy towards 2040 (ERTRAC – June 2016)
Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Natural Gas Study 3
NGVA Europe, supported through a partnership of 27 industry organisations, commissioned an industry-wide analysis of the supply and use of natural gas in Europe. The study covers road vehicles (Well-to-Wheel), maritime vessels (Well-to-Wake) and power generation (Well-to-Grid).
This is a deep and exhaustive analysis of the current state and an outlook to 2030 about the natural gas supply chain, natural gas vehicles (NGVs) and shipping vessels performance.
NGVA GHG Intensity study
Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Natural Gas Study 4
Scope and methodology
The analysis was performed according to four main EU regions.
The LCA software system GaBi is used to synthesise the collected data and information and to build the basis for the GHG model.
The study is subject to critical review by a panel of independent experts according to ISO 14044.
Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Natural Gas Study 5
from the study on the GHG Intensity of Natural Gas
RESULTS
Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Natural Gas Study 6
12,5
13
19,2
0 5 10 15 20 25
NGVA
JEC-WtW
EXERGIA
Well-to-Tank - CNG, in tank - GHG (EU Total) [g CO2-eq/MJ]
Well-to-Tank (GHG) emissions - CNG
3,4
3,6
3,8
3,5
1,7
1,6
1,2
1,6
2,1
1,4
2,9
1,2
3,2
3,9
1,9
4,7
5
2,2
6,1
9,4
12.5
11
10.8
15.6
14.4
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
EU Total
EU North
EU Central
EU South East
EU West
[g CO2-eq/MJ (LHV)], in tank
Well-to-Tank – GHG Emissions: CNG supply Breakdown by main individual emissions per region
Fuel dispensing Gas transmission, storage and distribution
Feedstock transportation (Pipeline, LNG carrier) Gas production, processing and liquefaction
9 3,4
0,1
12.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Well-to-Tank – GHG Emissions: CNG supply breakdown by main individual emissions
CO2 CH4 N20
Exergia (2015) JEC (2014)
Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Natural Gas Study 7
Well-to-Tank (GHG) emissions - LNG
16,8
19,9
19,4
24,6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
NGVA (Scenario Algeria)
NGVA
JEC-WtW
EXERGIA
Well-to-Tank - LNG, in tank - GHG (EU Total) [g CO2-eq/MJ]
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,1
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
2,9
3,7
2,6
2,7
2,5
15,4
11,2
9,1
12,3
20,3
19.9
16.5
13.3
16.6
24.3
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
EU Total
EU North
EU Central
EU South East
EU West
[g CO2-eq/MJ (LHV)], in tank
Well-to-Tank – GHG Emissions: LNG supply Breakdown by main individual emissions per region
Fuel dispensing Gas transmission, storage and distribution
Feedstock transportation (Pipeline, LNG carrier) Gas production, processing and liquefaction
14,4 5,4
0,1
19.9
0 5 10 15 20
Well-to-Tank – GHG Emissions: LNG supply breakdown by main individual emissions
CO2 CH4 N20
Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Natural Gas Study 8
Well-to-Wheel Results
Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Natural Gas Study 9
Well-to-Wheel (GHG) emissions from Passenger Car
131
140
169
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
CNG
Diesel (FQD)
Petrol (FQD)
Well-to-Wheel - Passenger Vehicles - GHG Intensity [g CO2-eq/km]
-7%
-23%
Vehicle from the C-segment being used according to the New European Driving Cycle
Significant benefits and reduced GHG emissions from passenger cars are possible with CNG.
Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Natural Gas Study 10
Well-to-Wheel (GHG) emissions from Heavy-Duty Vehicles
908
1005
912
1074
800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100
SI (CNG)
SI (LNG)
HPDI (LNG)
Diesel (FQD)
Well-to-Wheel - Heavy-Duty Vehicles - GHG Intensity [g CO2-eq/km]
-15%
-6%
-16%
40 t tractor + trailer combination with 75% payload in long haul use
For long-haul missions, both CNG and LNG are having lower emissions that traditional fuels.
Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Natural Gas Study 11
Well-to-Wake (GHG) emissions from Maritime applications
The benchmark for maritime comparison here is Heavy-Fuel Oil, results from JEC.
In maritime applications, the use of LNG provides a clear Well-to-Wake benefit compared to Heavy-Fuel Oil fuels.
588,8
661,6
742,1
749,6
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Dual-fuel [2-stroke]
Dual-fuel [4-stroke]
HFO (JEC-WtW)
MDO (FQD)
WtW - Ships - GHG [g CO2-eq/kWh]
-11%
-21%
Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Natural Gas Study 12
Methane emissions
0,651
1,103 1,073
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
CNG NGVA [wt. %] CNG Exergia [wt. %] LNG NGVA [wt. %]
Methane Emissions Well-to-Tank (WtT) Comparison
- 41%
0,3
1,1
0,5
1,5
WtT - EU Total - CNG, in tank - Methane Emissions [g CO2-eq/MJ (LHV)]
Fuel Dispensing Gas transmission, storage and distribution
Feedstock transport (Pipeline, LNG-carrier) Gas production, processing and liquefaction
1,1
0 0,1
4,2
WtT - EU Total - LNG, in tank - Methane Emissions [g CO2-eq/MJ (LHV)]
Fuel Dispensing Gas transmission, storage and distribution
Feedstock transport (Pipeline, LNG-carrier) Gas production, processing and liquefaction
Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Natural Gas Study 13
Well-to-Wheel (GHG) emissions by contributors
[VALORE] (94%) [VALORE] (5.9%) [VALORE] (0.5%)
130,7
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
CNG
WtW - Passenger Vehicle - GHG by Contributors [g CO2-eq/km]
CO2 CH4 N20
On both CNG and LNG applications no leakage is admitted at vehicle level CH4 emissions are generated as unburned HC at the exhaust and considered as CO2 equivalent
Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Natural Gas Study 14
Introducing renewable methane
R-GAS
Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Natural Gas Study 15
30
108
131
140
169
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
bio CNG (100%)
CNG (10% bioCNG, 10% SNG)
CNG
Diesel (FQD)
Petrol (FQD)
Well-to-Wheel - Passenger Vehicles - GHG Intensity [g CO2-eq/km]
-23%
-36%
-82%
Renewable gas has the key property to be 100 % compatible with natural gas, being easily blended or used directly as a neat fuel in engines
Locally produced Renewable gas represents a fast
drive towards decarbonisation
Renewable gas
Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Natural Gas Study 16
Renewable gas
Target of 100 kg CH4 out of 1000 kg organic waste EU28 yearly production of organic waste = 120 Mt (source Ispra 2015)
Potential for 12 Mt biomethane/year Able to run 2 000 000 vehicles* only from our waste! * Vehicle consumption 4 kg/100 km – 15 000 km/year Organic Waste
Biomethane
Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Natural Gas Study 17
Decarbonising Transport
↓CO2
Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Natural Gas Study 18
Achieving the decarbonization target
Low Carbon Clean Fuel Renewable gas Product range with low TCO
Natural gas is a key solution to effectively decarbonise the transportation system in both light and heavy duty applications
Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Natural Gas Study 19
NGVA Europe – www.ngva.eu
Our Board Members
Close to 140 Members
Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Natural Gas Study 20
www.ngvemissionsstudy.eu