Green Stormwater Infrastructure Maintenance Manual

Green Stormwater Infrastructure

Maintenance Manual

2014

Table of Contents1.1 Introduction 9

1.1 Introduction 11

1.2 Stormwater Management Practices 13

1.2.1 SMPs In Practice By PWD 14

1.2.1.1 Stormwater Tree Trench 14

1.2.1.2 Rain Garden 18

1.2.1.3 Stormwater Planter 22

1.2.1.4 Stormwater Bump-out 26

1.2.1.5 Infi ltration/Storage Trench 31

1.2.1.6 Stormwater Wetland 34

1.2.1.7 Stormwater Swale 38

1.2.1.8 Stormwater Basin 42

1.2.1.9 Stormwater Tree 46

1.2.2 SMPs In Limited Practice Or Not Yet In Practice By PWD 50

1.2.2.1 Cistern/Rain Barrel 50

1.2.2.2 Green Roof 54

1.2.2.3 Pervious Paving 58

1.2.2.4 Blue Roof 62

1.2.2.5 Green Gutter 62

1.2.2.6 Stormwater Drainage Well 70

2.0 Maintenance Tasks 75

2.1.1 Trash, Sediment, And Organic Debris Removal 76

2.1.1.1 Task Description 76

2.1.1.2 Documentation 76

2.1.1.3 Health And Safety 76

2.1.1.4 Personnel 76

2.1.1.5 Materials 76

2.1.1.6 Equipment 76

2.1.1.7 Access Requirements 76

2.1.1.8 Permits And Approvals 76

2.1.1.9 Special Project Conditions 76

2.1.1.10 Standard Operating Procedure 76

2.1.1.11 Quality Assurance 77

2.1.2 Erosion Control/Repair 78












2.1.3 Concrete, Pavement, And Masonry Repair 79












2.1.4 Settling Repair 81



Green Stormwater Infrastructure Maintenance Manual 3










2.1.5 Graffi ti Removal 82












2.1.6 Painting 84












2.1.7 Winterization 85












2.1.8 Appurtenance Repair 86











4 Green Stormwater Infrastructure Maintenance Manual

2.1.9 Pervious Pavement Cleaning 87











2.2 Vegetation Maintenance 88

2.2.1 Mechanical Vegetation Control 88












2.2.2 Watering 93












2.2.3 Mulching And Edging 94












2.2.4 Planting/Transplanting 96













2.2.5 Seeding 100










2.2.6 Tree Pruning 102












2.2.7 Chemical Vegetation Control 104












2.2.8 Pesticide Pest/Disease Management 108












2.2.9 Soil Management 110













2.3 Subsurface Maintenance 111

2.3.1 Vacuum Cleaning 111












2.3.2 Jetting 113












2.4 Waste Disposal And Decanting 119

2.4.1 Waste Disposal 119












2.4.2 Decanting 120













3.0 Appendices 123

3.1 Documentation 124

3.2 Health and Safety 124

3.2.1 General Policy 124

3.2.2 Personal Protective Equipment 125

3.2.3 Hazards 125

3.3 Personnel 126

3.3.1 Personnel Training And Experience 126

3.3.2 Personnel Classifi cations 126

3.3.2.2 Surface Maintenance Personnel 126

3.3.2.3 Subsurface Maintenance Personnel 126

3.4 Access Requirements 127

3.4.1 Permits And Approvals 127

3.5 Maintenance Event Procedures 128

3.5.1 Pre-Maintenance Event 128

3.5.2 During Maintenance Event 128

3.5.3 Post-Maintenance Event 128

3.6 Points of Contact 129

4.0 Glossary 128

Introduction

1division

DIVISION 1: INTRODUCTION




1.1 Introduction

The City of Philadelphia relies in part on Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI) systems—comprised

of one or more decentralized stormwater management practices (SMPs) such as rain gardens, storm-

water tree trenches, and green roofs—to reduce stormwater volume and pollutants delivered to the

City’s combined sewer system.

An effective and rigorous maintenance program is crucial for the long-term sustainability and

function of GSI systems. Because GSI systems incorporate vegetation, they can change over time as

plant communities grow and establish. In urban environments in particular, GSI may be subject to

temperature extremes, pollution, heavy sediment and trash accumulation, and an aggressive weed

community—all of which can create a challenging environment for plants. Furthermore, sediment

and trash, if allowed to accumulate, can create unsightly conditions and take up space within the

SMP. Proper maintenance can ensure that GSI systems remain healthy, attractive, and safe for many

years to come.

Typical maintenance tasks described in this document include removing competitive species that can

hinder the growth of target plant species; and removing sediment, trash, and debris from storage

areas, piping, and other structures. Maintenance tasks may also include a range of other activities

including repairing small erosion problems, pruning trees, removing graffi ti, and replanting or reseed-

ing areas.

This document contains standard operating procedures for executing specifi c maintenance tasks

such as vegetation removal, sediment removal, and trash removal. Each protocol provides informa-

tion on required training, materials, health and safety issues, and provides a detailed procedure for

executing tasks. Appendices provides supplementary reference materials including health and safety

procedures, a comprehensive listing of typical maintenance personnel classifi cations, and additional

guidance on site access and permits.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION


CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION


Stormwater Management Practices

1.2division



1.2.1 SMPS IN PRACTICE BY PWD

1.2.1.1 STORMWATER TREE TRENCH

DEFINITION

A. A stormwater tree trench is a subsurface infi ltration/storage trench, typically fi lled with stone,

which is planted with one or more trees. Trees are planted within the trench to allow the tree roots

to access water stored in the system. Stormwater runoff is conveyed to the trench via green inlets

and perforated distribution pipes. Green inlets are typically fi tted with pre-treatment devices to

prevent trash, sediment, and debris from entering the stormwater tree trench. Stormwater is fi l-

tered through the stone in the trench and is either infi ltrated into the underlying soil and/or slowly

released back to the existing sewer system via perforated underdrain pipe conveyance. Trees help

reduce the volume of stormwater runoff through canopy interception and evapotranspiration.

B. Stormwater tree trenches are often constructed beneath sidewalks and adjacent to streets to cap-

ture street runoff. Figure 1-1 provides examples of stormwater tree trench SMPs. Figure 1-2 shows

typical stormwater tree trench features.

Figure 1-1. Examples of Stormwater Tree Trenches in Philadelphia



Figure 1-2. Stormwater Tree Trench with Typical Features

Stormwater Tree Trench



STORMWATER TREE TRENCH MAINTENANCE

C. General requirements for conducting maintenance activities are found in Division 2 along with

important information on material, equipment, and personnel requirements, and other general

topics that apply to different types of SMPs.

D. Common required maintenance tasks for stormwater tree trenches are listed in Table 1-1. The

frequencies provided in the table are approximate and can be modifi ed as needed to adjust to

site-specifi c conditions. Maintenance protocols for additional tasks not listed here are found in

Division 2.

E. Additional maintenance tasks beyond those listed in Table 1-1 may be required in response to

specifi c observed issues. These tasks may include, but are not limited to, the following:

Concrete repair (section 2.1.3);

Settling repair (section 2.1.4); and

Pesticide application (section 2.2.8).

F. General health and safety, access, and maintenance event procedures provided in Division 3 should

be followed for all maintenance activities performed.



Table 1-1. Stormwater Tree Trench Routine Maintenance Tasks

Task Description Frequency Protocol Reference

Remove trash, sediment, and organic debris Remove trash, sediment, and organic debris from

all SMP surfaces

Bimonthly See 2.1.1; Section 2.1.1.10

Clean pretreatment devices Monthly See 2.1.1; Section 2.1.1.10

Wipe down signage Bimonthly See 2.1.1; Section 2.1.1.10

Winterize SMP Clean and grease appurtenances Annually in November See 2.1.7; Section 2.1.7.10

Remove non-target/invasive vegetation Remove non-target/invasive plants using one

or more of the mechanical or chemical methods

outlined in Tables 2-1 and 2-2

Bimonthly from March to November For mechanical removal see 2.2.1; Section 2.2.3

or Table 2-1. For chemical removal see 2.2.7;

Section 2.2.3 or Table 2-2.

Apply mulch Apply mulch to landscaped beds as needed Annually in March See 2.2.3; Section 2.2.3

Prune trees Elevate lower limbs and remove dead, rubbing, or

crossing limbs

Annually, when trees are dormant between

September and the end of December

See 2.2.6; Section 2.2.6.10

Water trees Place water bag(s) on tree(s) Annually in March for fi rst 12 months after

planting

See 2.2.2; Section 2.2.2.10

Fill water bag(s) Weekly, April - October for fi rst 12 months after

planting during any period of seven (7) or more

days without rain

See 2.2.2; Section 23.2.2.10

Remove water bag(s) from tree(s) Annually in November See 2.2.2; Section 2.2.2.10

Vacuum clean structures Remove trash/sediment/organic debris from

subsurface access and fl ow control/conveyance

structures

Annually See 2.3.1; Section 2.3.1.10

Jet pipes Jet conveyance, distribution, and underdrain pipes Annually See 2.3.2; Section 2.3.2.10



1.2.1.2 RAIN GARDEN

DESCRIPTION

G. Rain gardens are small, shallow, vegetated depressions, typically two (2) feet deep or less, that

manage stormwater. A rain garden may be comprised of a single depression, or cell, or multiple

cells connected by weirs, trench drains, or culverts that overfl ow or discharge to a single connec-

tion back to the combined sewer system. Stormwater runoff is conveyed to a rain garden via sheet

fl ow or pipe conveyance. Stormwater is fi ltered through rain garden media and infi ltrated into the

underlying soil and/or slowly released back to the existing sewer system via perforated underd-

rains and fl ow control structures. Rain garden vegetation helps reduce the volume of captured

stormwater through evapotranspiration.

H. Rain gardens are often integrated into surrounding landscape features, and are commonly planted

with a variety of native grasses and shrubs. Figure 1-3 provides examples of rain garden SMPs.

Figure 1-4 shows typical rain garden features.

Figure 1-3. Examples of Rain Gardens in Philadelphia



Figure 1-4. Rain Garden with Typical Features

Rain Garden



RAIN GARDEN MAINTENANCE

I. General requirements for conducting maintenance activities are found in Division 2 along with im-

portant information on material, equipment, and personnel requirements, and other general topics

that apply to different types of SMPs.

J. Common routine maintenance tasks for rain gardens are listed in Table 1-2. The frequencies

provided in the table are approximate and can be modifi ed as needed to adjust to site-specifi c

conditions. Maintenance protocols for additional tasks not listed here are found in Division 2.

K. Additional maintenance tasks beyond those listed in Table 1-2 may be required in response to


Erosion control (section 2.1.2);

Plant replacement (section 2.2.4); and

Soil amendment (section 2.2.9).

L. General health and safety, access, and maintenance event procedures provided in Division 3

should be followed for all maintenance activities performed.



Table 1-2. Rain Garden Routine Maintenance Tasks



all SMP surfaces.

Monthly See 2.1.1; Section 2.1.1.10


Wipe down signage Monthly See 2.1.1; Section 2.1.1.10

Dredge large volumes sediment and organic de-

bris from basin and forebay areas using approved

equipment

When sediment occupies greater than 50% of

the forebay volume or as per site specifi c mainte-

nance plan

See 2.1.1; Section 2.1.1






Monthly from March to November For mechanical removal see 2.2.1; Section 2.2.3

or Table 2-1. For chemical removal see SOP 2.2.7;


Cut back target perennials Manually cut dead herbaceous vegetation from

the previous growing season to 4-6 in. above the

ground

Annually in March See 2.1.2; Section 2.1.2.9

Mow turf and meadow areas Mow turf areas to a height of 2-4 in. Monthly from May to October See 2.2.1; Section 2.2.1.10

Mow naturalized meadow areas to a height of

8 in.

Two (2) times per year in June and October See 2.2.1; Section 2.2.1.10

Prune trees and shrubs Elevate lower limbs and remove dead, rubbing, or

crossing limbs



See 2.2.6; Section 2.2.6.10


planting

See 2.2.2; Section 2.2.2.10



days without rain

See 2.2.2; Section 2.2.2.10


Water herbaceous vegetation and shrubs Water evenly and thoroughly at the base of

vegetation so that the top of soil is saturated

Every four (4) days during any period of four (4)

or more days without rain, June-August for the

fi rst 24 months after planting

See 2.2.2; Section 2.2.2.10



structures





1.2.1.3 STORMWATER PLANTER

DESCRIPTION

M. Stormwater planters are structural containers that store and manage stormwater runoff.

Stormwater planter walls are constructed of concrete, stone, or brick set at grade level or slightly

below grade. Stormwater planters typically have open bottoms lined with geotextile and contain

a layer of stone topped with soil media and shrubs and/or herbaceous vegetation. Stormwater

runoff is conveyed to stormwater planters via curb cuts, trench drains, downspouts, or openings in

the stormwater planter box wall. Stormwater is fi ltered by the soil media and is infi ltrated into the

underlying soil and/or slowly released back to the existing sewer system via perforated underdrain

pipes and hydraulic control structures. Vegetation helps reduce the volume of stormwater runoff

through evapotranspiration.

N. Stormwater planters are often integrated into sidewalks, plazas, or along the public right-of-way

and can also be found at building downspouts. They are commonly planted with a variety of native

grasses and shrubs. Figure 1-5 provides examples of stormwater planter SMPs. Figure 1-6 shows

typical stormwater planter features.

Figure 1-5. Examples of Stormwater Planters in Philadelphia



Figure 1-6. Stormwater Planter Section Typical Features

Stormwater Planter



STORMWATER PLANTER MAINTENANCE

O. General requirements for conducting maintenance activities are found in Division 2 along with



P. Common routine maintenance tasks for stormwater planters are listed in Table 1-3. The frequen-

cies provided in the table are approximate and can be modifi ed as needed to adjust to site-specifi c


Q. Additional maintenance tasks beyond those listed in Table 1-3 may be required in response to


Concrete and masonry repair (section 2.1.3);



R. General health and safety, access, and maintenance event procedures provided in Division 3




Table 1-3. Stormwater Planter Routine Maintenance Tasks



all SMP surfaces




Paint planter box wells Apply fresh coat of paint to planter box walls Every three (3) years See 2.1.7; Section 2.1.7.10





or Table 2-1. For chemical removal see 2.2.7;




ground







See 2.2.2; Section 2.2.2.10



structures



Prune trees Elevate lower limbs and remove dead, rubbing, or

crossing limbs



See 2.2.6; Section 2.2.6.10



1.2.1.4 STORMWATER BUMP-OUT

DESCRIPTION

S. Stormwater bump-outs are vegetated curb extensions designed to intercept gutter fl ow and

manage stormwater. Stormwater runoff is conveyed to a stormwater bump-outs through curb

cuts along the curb extension. Stormwater bump-outs are usually lined with geotextile (perme-

able or impermeable) and are planted with herbaceous and/or woody species in soil media over

a layer of stone. Stormwater is fi ltered by the soil media and is infi ltrated into the underlying soil

and/or slowly released back to the existing sewer system via perforated underdrain pipes and

hydraulic control structures. Excess runoff typically leaves the system through a downstream curb

cut. Stormwater bump-out vegetation helps reduce the volume of stormwater runoff through

evapotranspiration. Stormwater bump-outs are sometimes used as pretreatment for water entering

other SMPs (e.g., infi ltration/storage trenches).

T. Stormwater bump-outs are usually located within the public right-of-way either mid-block or at in-

tersections, and are commonly planted a variety of grasses, fl owering perennials, and trees. Figure

1-7 provides examples of stormwater bump-out SMPs. Figure 1-8 and Figure 1-9 show shows

typical stormwater bump-out features.

Figure 1-7. Examples of Stormwater Bump-outs in Philadelphia



Figure 1-8. Stormwater Bump-out with Typical Features

Mid-Block Stormwater Bump-out



Figure 1-9. Stormwater Bump-out with Typical Features

Corner Stormwater Bump-out



STORMWATER BUMP-OUT MAINTENANCE

U. General requirements for conducting maintenance activities are found in Division 2 along with



V. Common required maintenance tasks for stormwater bump-outs are listed in Table 1-4. The



Division 2.

W. Additional maintenance tasks beyond those listed in Table 1-4 may be required in response to





X. General health and safety, access, and maintenance event procedures provided in Division 3




Table 1-4. Stormwater Bump-out Routine Maintenance Tasks



all SMP surfaces




Place traffi c delineation/snow removal bollards Annually in November See 2.1.7; Section 2.1.7.10

Remove traffi c delineation/snow removal bollards Annually in April See 2.1.7; Section 2.1.7.10










ground and ensure vegetation does not encroach

onto the sidewalk and/or street



crossing limbs



See 2.2.6; Section 2.2.6.10


planting

See 2.2.2; Section 2.2.2.10



days without rain

See 2.2.2; Section 2.2.2.10







See 2.2.2; Section 2.2.2.10



structures





1.2.1.5 INFILTRATION/STORAGE TRENCH

DEFINITION

Y. An infi ltration/storage trench is a subsurface structure, typically fi lled with stone, designed to

capture and manage stormwater. Stormwater runoff is conveyed to infi ltration/storage trenches

via green inlets or other inlet structures and perforated distribution pipes. Green inlets are typically

fi tted with pre-treatment devices to prevent trash, sediment, and debris from entering the infi ltra-

tion/storage trench. Stormwater is fi ltered through the stone in the trench and is either infi ltrated

into the underlying soil and/or slowly released back to the existing sewer system via perforated

underdrain pipe conveyance.

Z. Infi ltration/storage trenches can be located under sidewalks, parking lots, lawns, or other pervious

and impervious recreational areas (e.g., basketball courts, athletic fi elds, etc.). They can also be

connected to other SMP types, such as stormwater bump-outs, to receive stormwater overfl ow

from these systems. Figure 1-10 provides examples of infi ltration/storage trench SMPs. Figure 1-11

shows typical infi ltration/storage trench features.

Figure 1-10. Examples of Infi ltration/Storage Trenches in Philadelphia



Figure 1-11. Infi ltration/Storage Trench with Typical Features

Infi ltration Trench



INFILTRATION/STORAGE TRENCH MAINTENANCE

AA. General requirements for conducting maintenance activities are found in Division 2 along with



BB. Common routine maintenance tasks for infi ltration/storage trenches are listed in Table 1-5. The



Division 2.

CC. Additional maintenance tasks beyond those listed in Table 1-5 may be required in response to




Graffi ti removal (section 2.1.5).

DD. General health and safety, access, and maintenance event procedures provided in Division 3


Table 1-5. Infi ltration/Storage Trench Routine Maintenance Tasks



all SMP surfaces







structures





1.2.1.6 STORMWATER WETLAND

DESCRIPTION

EE. Stormwater wetlands are generally large, shallow, vegetated basins or regions that are designed

to manage and treat stormwater runoff from large contributing drainage areas (generally more

than 5 acres). A stormwater wetland typically holds water for longer than 72 hours, and is com-

monly comprised of a combination of shallow and deep pools connected in series by convey-

ance and/or fl ow control elements such as swales, weirs, and spillways. Stormwater runoff can

be conveyed to stormwater wetlands by swales or pipe conveyance systems. For pre-treatment,

stormwater wetlands will typically have sediment forebays at stormwater infl ow points. Dynamic

ecological functions of wetland plants, soils, microorganisms, and hydrology allow for removal of

pollutants and sediment from stormwater, reduction of stormwater runoff velocities, and/or the

slow release of stormwater to existing sewer systems or natural water bodies.

FF. Stormwater wetlands are often constructed in regions originally designated as stormwater basins,

within roadside right-of-ways, in areas where native soil conditions do not allow for infi ltration, or

where the groundwater table is exposed or close to the surface. Stormwater wetlands can also be

created in low-lying areas through the use of impermeable liners to induce year-round inundated

soil saturation. Wetland vegetation generally consists of a variety of open water, emergent, low/

high marsh, and upland plants. Figure 1-12 provides examples of stormwater wetland SMPs.

Figure 1-13 shows typical stormwater wetland features.

Figure 1-12. Examples of Stormwater Wetlands in Philadelphia



Figure 1-13. Stormwater Wetland with Typical Features

Stormwater Wetland



STORMWATER WETLAND MAINTENANCE

GG. General requirements for conducting maintenance activities are found in Division 2 along with



HH. Common routine maintenance tasks for stormwater wetlands are listed in Table 1-6. The

frequencies provided in the table are approximate and can be modifi ed as needed to adjust

to site-specifi c conditions. Maintenance protocols for additional tasks not listed are found in

Division 2.

II. Additional maintenance tasks beyond those listed in Table 2-6 may be required in response to




Pest management (section 2.2.8).

JJ. General health and safety, access, and maintenance event procedures provided in Division 3




Table 1-6. Stormwater Wetland Routine Maintenance Tasks



all SMP surfaces




Dredge large volumes of trash, sediment, and

organic debris from basin and forebay areas us-

ing approved equipment



nance plan

See 2.1.1; Section





Monthly from March to November For mechanical removal, see 2.2.1; Section 2.2.3

or Table 2-1. For chemical removal, see 2.2.7;




8 in.



crossing limbs



See 2.2.6; Section 2.2.6.10


planting

See 2.2.2; Section 2.2.2.10



days without rain

See 2.2.2; Section 2.2.2.10







See 2.2.2; Section 2.2.2.10



structures


Jet pipes Jet conveyance pipes Annually See 2.3.2; Section 2.3.2.10



1.2.1.7 STORMWATER SWALE

DESCRIPTION

KK. A stormwater swale is an open vegetated channel designed to convey stormwater runoff.

Stormwater swales are typically designed to control stormwater runoff velocity, fi lter stormwater

pollutants using vegetation, and infi ltrate stormwater runoff where feasible. Stormwater swales

are often used as pretreatment or conveyance for another downstream SMP such as a rain

garden or stormwater basin. They may be planted with turf grass and maintained as lawn areas,

or they may be densely vegetated with herbaceous plants, shrubs, and trees.

LL. Stormwater swales can be located adjacent to roadways and parking lots, upstream of SMPs, and

in areas subject to overland fl ooding. Figure 1-14 provides examples of stormwater swale SMPs.

Figure 1-15 shows typical stormwater swale features.

Figure 1-14. Examples of Stormwater Swales



Figure 1-15. Stormwater Swale with Typical Features

Swale



STORMWATER SWALE MAINTENANCE

MM. General requirements for conducting maintenance activities are found in Division 2 along with



NN. Common routine maintenance tasks for stormwater swales are listed in Table 1-7. The



Division 2.

OO. Additional maintenance tasks beyond those listed in Table 1-7 may be required in response to





PP. General health and safety, access, and maintenance event procedures provided in Division 3




Table 1-7. Stormwater Swale Routine Maintenance Tasks



all SMP surfaces











ground




8 in.



crossing limbs



See 2.2.6; Section 2.2.6.10


planting

See 2.2.2; Section 2.2.2.10



days without rain

See 2.2.2; Section 2.2.2.10







See 2.2.2; Section 2.2.2.10



1.2.1.8 STORMWATER BASIN

DESCRIPTION

QQ. Stormwater basins are large turf or meadow depressions used to manage stormwater. Typically

they are constructed as a single basin area that overfl ows or discharges to a single controlled

discharge point. Stormwater is conveyed to a stormwater basin by sheet fl ow, swales, or inlet/

pipe conveyance. Stormwater is then either infi ltrated back into the groundwater table or slowly

released back into an existing sewer or natural water body. Stormwater basins can be shallow

and broad in areas, or small and steep if space constraints exist. Stormwater basins are often

vegetated with mowed lawn or meadow grasses.

RR. Stormwater basins are often located within margins of traditionally developed residential

subdivisions and commercial and industrial sites with adequate open space. Figure 1-16 provides

examples of stormwater basin SMPs. Figure 1-17 shows typical stormwater basin features.

Figure 1-16. Examples of Stormwater Basins



Figure 1-17. Stormwater Basin Section Typical Features

Stormwater Basin



STORMWATER BASIN MAINTENANCE

SS. General requirements for conducting maintenance activities are found in Division 2 along with



TT. Common routine maintenance tasks for stormwater basins are listed in Table 1-8. The frequencies



UU. Additional maintenance tasks beyond those listed in Table 1-8 may be required in response to



Seeding (section 2.2.5); and

Plant replacement (section 2.2.4).

VV. General health and safety, access, and maintenance event procedures provided in Division 3




Table 1-8. Stormwater Basin Routine Maintenance Tasks


Remove trash, sediment, and organic debris Remove trash, sediment, and organic debris from all

SMP surfaces




Dredge large volumes of trash, sediment, and organic

debris from basin and forebay areas using approved

equipment



nance plan

See 2.1.1; Section



Remove non-target/invasive vegetation Remove non-target/invasive plants using one or more

of the mechanical or chemical methods outlined in

Tables 2-1 and 2-2




Cut back target perennials Manually cut dead herbaceous vegetation from the

previous growing season to 4-6 in. above the ground



Mow naturalized meadow areas to a height of 8 in. Two (2) times per year in June and October See 2.2.1; Section 2.2.1.10


crossing limbs



See 2.2.6; Section 2.2.6.10


planting

See 2.2.2; Section 2.2.2.10



days without rain

See 2.2.2; Section 2.2.2.10


Water herbaceous vegetation and shrubs Water evenly and thoroughly at the base of vegetation

so that the top of soil is saturated




See 2.2.2; Section 2.2.2.10

Vacuum clean structures Remove trash/sediment/organic debris from subsurface

access and fl ow control/conveyance structures


Jet pipes Jet conveyance and underdrain pipes Annually See 2.3.2; Section 2.3.2.10



1.2.1.9 STORMWATER TREE

DEFINITION

WW. A stormwater tree is a single tree that manages stormwater runoff which is directly conveyed

to its tree pit. Typically, stormwater runoff is conveyed to a stormwater tree through a grate

opening that is installed along the curb and connected to the tree pit. Stormwater runoff is

fi ltered by the tree pit soil and infi ltrated into the underlying soil beneath the tree pit. The

stormwater tree helps reduce the volume of stormwater runoff through canopy interception and

evapotranspiration.

XX. Stormwater trees are often located along a sidewalk and adjacent to streets to capture street

runoff. Figure 1-18 provides examples of stormwater tree SMPs. Figure 1-19 shows typical

stormwater tree features.

Figure 1-18. Examples of Stormwater Trees in Philadelphia



Figure 1-19. Stormwater Tree with Typical Features

Stormwater Tree



STORMWATER TREE MAINTENANCE

YY. General requirements for conducting maintenance activities are found in Division 2 along with



ZZ. Routine maintenance tasks for stormwater tree are listed in Table 1-9. The frequencies provided

in the table are approximate and can be modifi ed as needed to adjust to site-specifi c conditions.

Maintenance protocols for additional tasks not listed here are found in Division 2.

AAA. Additional maintenance tasks beyond those listed in Table 1-9 may be required in response to




Pesticide application (section 2.2.8).

BBB. General health and safety, access, and maintenance event procedures provided in Division 3




Table 1-9. Stormwater Tree Routine Maintenance Tasks



all SMP surfaces



Apply mulch Apply mulch to tree pit soil surface Annually in March See 2.2.3; Section 2.2.3




Every other month beginning in March and

ending in November

For mechanical removal, see 2.2.1; Section 2.2.3



Prune tree Elevate lower limbs and remove dead, rubbing, or

crossing limbs



See 2.2.6; Section 2.2.6.10

Water tree Place water bag on tree Annually in March for fi rst 12 months after

planting

See 2.2.2; Section 2.2.2.10

Fill water bag Weekly, April - October for fi rst 12 months after


days without rain

See 2.2.2; Section 2.2.2.10

Remove water bag from tree Annually in November See 2.2.2; Section 2.2.2.10



1.2.2 SMPS IN LIMITED PRACTICE OR NOT YET IN PRACTICE BY PWD

1.2.2.1 CISTERN/RAIN BARREL

DESCRIPTION

CCC. Cisterns and rain barrels are receptacles designed to capture and store stormwater for non-

potable, benefi cial reuse such as irrigation, toilet fl ushing, or industrial uses. Stormwater runoff

is typically conveyed from roof areas to the rain barrels or cisterns via roof gutters, downspouts,

drains, and/or pipes. Screens on gutters and downspouts fi lter large sediment and debris from

stormwater runoff before it enters the rain barrel or cistern. First fl ush diverters are used in

some systems to capture debris and pollutants within the fi rst few gallons of stormwater runoff

during a rain storm. Some systems may be designed to detain and slowly release water back to

the existing sewer system via an orifi ce or valve.

DDD. Rain barrels are typically located adjacent to buildings at single downspout locations while

cisterns may be located above or below ground and usually receive stormwater runoff from

multiple downspouts or conveyance manifold systems. Figure 1-20 provides examples of rain

barrel/cistern SMPs. Figure 1-21 shows typical cistern/rain barrel elements.

Figure 1-20. Examples of Cisterns and a Rain Barrel



Cistern

Figure 1-21. Subsurface Cistern with Typical Features



CISTERN/RAIN BARREL MAINTENANCE

EEE. General requirements for conducting maintenance activities are found in Division 2 along with



FFF. Routine maintenance tasks for cisterns and rain barrels are listed in Table 1-10. The frequencies



GGG. Additional maintenance tasks beyond those listed in Table 1-10 may be required in response to


Concrete repair (section 2.1.3); and

Appurtenance repair (section 2.1.8).

HHH. General health and safety, access, and maintenance event procedures provided in Division 3




Table 1-10. Cistern/Rain Barrel Routine Maintenance Tasks*



all SMP surfaces

Three (3) times per year See 2.1.1; Section 2.1.1.10

Wipe down signage Three (3) times per year See 2.1.1; Section 2.1.1.10


Disinfect cistern/rain barrel storage tank Annually in November See 2.1.7; Section 2.1.7.10

Close barrel/cistern storage tank if located above

ground or above the frost line for subsurface

cisterns

Annually in November See 2.1.7; Section 2.1.7.10

Open barrel/cistern storage tank if located above

ground or above the frost line for subsurface

cisterns



barrel/cistern storage tank prior to winterization


Jet cisterns and pipes Jet subsurface cisterns and pipes Annually See 2.3.2; Section 2.3.2.10

*Cistern/rain barrel routine maintenance tasks are preliminary and still under development/refi nement.



1.2.2.2 GREEN ROOF

DESCRIPTION

III. A green roof is a vegetated surface installed over a sealed roof membrane that manages storm-

water. Typically green roofs are comprised of multiple layers, including waterproofi ng, a root bar-

rier, a drainage layer, a fi lter layer, soil media, and plants. A green roof can either be installed as a

fi xed structure or as a series of removable modules. Unlike traditional roofs which shed rainwater,

green roofs capture and evapotranspire rainwater. They can also help insulate the building, lower-

ing energy use.

JJJ. Green roofs are found on the roofs of buildings and other auxiliary structures. Figure 1-22

provides examples of the creation and fi nal result of a green roof. Figure 1-23 shows a green roof

section with typical elements.

Figure 1-22. Examples of Green Roofs



Figure 1-23. Green Roof Section Typical Features

Green Roof



GREEN ROOF MAINTENANCE

KKK. General requirements for conducting maintenance activities are found in Division 2 along with

important information on material, equipment, and personnel requirements and other general


LLL. Routine maintenance tasks for green roofs are listed in Table 1-11. The frequencies provided in

the table are approximate and can be modifi ed as needed to adjust to site-specifi c conditions.

Maintenance protocols for additional tasks not listed here are found in Division 2.

MMM. Additional tasks beyond those listed in Table 1-11, such as repairing replanting or amending

soil, may be required for green roof maintenance. However, these tasks are not performed

routinely, but in response to specifi c observed issues. Therefore, no pre-set schedule or

frequency for these tasks is provided.

NNN. Additional maintenance tasks beyond those listed in Table 1-11 may be required in response

to specifi c observed issues. These tasks may include, but are not limited to, the following:

Appurtenance repair (section 2.1.8); and

Replanting (section 2.2.4).

OOO. General health and safety, access, and maintenance event procedures provided in Division 3




Table 1-11. Green Roof Routine Maintenance Tasks*



all SMP surfaces

Three (3) times per year from March to November See 2.1.1; Section 2.1.1.10

Wipe down signage Three (3) times per year from March to November See 2.1.1; Section 2.1.1.10

Remove non-target/invasive vegetation Hand weed non-target/invasive plants Four (4) times per year for the fi rst 24 months

after planting, and two (2) times per year after

the fi rst 24 months from March to November

See 2.2.1; Section 2.2.3 or Table 2-1.



ground


Water herbaceous vegetation and shrubs Water evenly and thoroughly so that the top of

soil is saturated




See 2.2.2; Section 2.2.2.10

Manage/amend soil Test soil for nutrient content Two (2) times annually or as per designer’s

recommendations for the fi rst 24 months after

planting

See 2.2.9; Section 2.2.9.10

Amend soil as needed following nutrient test Up to two (2) times annually or as per designer’s

recommendations for the fi rst 24 months after

planting, depending on soil test results

See 2.2.9; Section 2.2.9.10

*Green roof routine maintenance tasks are preliminary and still under development/refi nement.



1.2.2.3 PERVIOUS PAVING

DESCRIPTION

PPP. Pervious paving is a permeable hardscape surface that allows water to pass through the surface.

Pervious paving materials can include concrete, asphalt, or pavers. Systems are typically under-

lain with a stone bed or infi ltration/storage trench (see section 1.1.5) to store stormwater until

it is either infi ltrated into the underlying soil and/or slowly released back to the existing sewer

system via perforated underdrain pipe conveyance. Stormwater runoff is most often conveyed to

the system via direct rainfall and/or sheet fl ow from surrounding impervious surfaces.

QQQ. Pervious paving is can be found in hardscape areas designed for pedestrian traffi c (e.g.,

sidewalks) and/or low levels of vehicular traffi c (e.g., alleyways, parking stalls, etc.) as well as

in hardscape recreational areas such as basketball courts. Figure 1-24 provides examples of

pervious paving SMPs. Figure 1-25 shows typical pervious paving features.

Figure 1-24. Examples of Pervious Paving in Philadelphia



Figure 1-25. Pervious Paving with Typical Features

Pervious Paving

Pervious Pavements Pervious Pavers

Pervious Sidewalk



PERVIOUS PAVING MAINTENANCE

RRR. General requirements for conducting maintenance activities are found in Division 2 along with



SSS. Common routine maintenance tasks for pervious paving are listed in Table 1-12. The frequencies



TTT. Additional maintenance tasks beyond those listed in Table 1-12 may be required in response to


Pavement repair (section 2.1.3); and


UUU. General health and safety, access, and maintenance event procedures provided in Division 3




Table 1-12. Pervious Paving Routine Maintenance Tasks*



all SMP surfaces

Three (3) times per year See 2.1.1; Section 2.1.1.10

Wipe down signage Three (3) times per year See 2.1.1; Section 2.1.1.10


Vacuum clean structures Remove trash/sediment/organic debris from ac-

cess and fl ow control/conveyance structures


Remove fi ne sediment and debris Vacuum or air sweep fi ne sediment and debris

from surface pore space

Two (2) times per year See 2.1.9; Section 2.1.9.10

Jet pipes Jet underdrain pipes Annually See 2.3.2; Section 2.3.2.10

*Pervious paving routine maintenance tasks shown are preliminary and under development/refi nement.



1.2.2.4 BLUE ROOF

DESCRIPTION

VVV. A blue roof is non-vegetated system of rooftop storage structures, installed over a sealed roof

membrane, that detain and/or retain stormwater. Typically blue roofs utilize check dams, trays,

or modifi ed roof drains to capture and temporarily detain rainwater on the roof surface and/

or to slow rainwater before it reaches building downspouts. Rainwater detained by blue roofs

is typically then slow released to the roof drains and/or removed through evaporation to the

atmosphere, especially during warm, sunny weather.

WWW. Blue roofs are best suited for buildings with relatively fl at roofs and other auxiliary structures.

Figure 1-26 provides examples of several possible blue roof confi gurations, including reten-

tion trays (bottom) and check dams (top). Figure 1-27 shows blue roof tray, check dam, and

modifi ed roof drain system sections with typical elements.

Figure 1-26. Examples of Blue Roofs in New York City

(Image credit: 2012 NYC Green Infrastructure Pilot Monitoring Report)



Figure 2-26. Blue Roof Detention Tray, Check Dam, and Modifi ed Roof Leader System Sections/Perspectives with Typical Features

Blue Roof

Figure 1-27. Blue Roof Detention Tray, Check Dam, and Modifi ed Roof Leader System

Sections/Perspectives with Typical Features



BLUE ROOF MAINTENANCE

XXX. General requirements for conducting maintenance activities are found in Division 2 along with



YYY. Common routine maintenance tasks for blue roofs are listed in Table 1-13. The frequencies



ZZZ. Additional maintenance tasks beyond those listed in Table 1-13 may be required in response to


Appurtenance repair (section 2.1.8).

AAAA. General health and safety, access, and maintenance event procedures provided in Division 3




Table 1-13. Blue Roof Routine Maintenance Tasks*



all SMP surfaces

Three (3) times per year from March to November See 2.1.1; Section 2.1.1.10

Winterize SMP Clean and grease bolts and appurtenances as

needed


*Blue roof routine maintenance tasks are preliminary and still under development.



1.2.2.5 GREEN GUTTER

DESCRIPTION

BBBB. Green gutters are narrow vegetated depressions located along roadway curbs and gutters and

designed to intercept sidewalk and roadway stormwater runoff. Stormwater runoff is typically

conveyed to a green gutter by traditional curb and gutters and/or as sheet fl ow from sur-

rounding sidewalks and roadways. Green gutters may be lined with geotextile (permeable or

impermeable) and are planted with herbaceous and/or woody species in soil media, often over

a layer of stone. Stormwater is fi ltered by the soil media and is infi ltrated into the underly-

ing soil and/or slowly released back to the existing sewer system via perforated underdrain

pipes and hydraulic control structures. Excess runoff typically leaves the system via downslope

traditional curb and gutter system or a stormwater inlet. Green gutter vegetation helps reduce

the volume of stormwater runoff through evapotranspiration.

CCCC. Green gutters are typically located within the public right-of-way either mid-block or at inter-

sections, and are commonly planted a variety of grasses, and fl owering perennials. Figure 1-28

provides an example of a green gutter SMP. Figure 1-29 shows typical green gutter features.

Figure 1-28. Example of a Green Gutter in Portland, Oregon

(Image credit: PWD Green Streets Design Manual, 2014)



Figure 1-29. Green Gutter Section/Perspective with Typical Features

Green Gutter



GREEN GUTTER MAINTENANCE

DDDD. General requirements for conducting maintenance activities are found in Division 3 along

with important information on material, equipment, and personnel requirements, and other

general topics that apply to different types of SMPs.

EEEE. Common required maintenance tasks for green gutters are listed in Table 1-14. The frequencies



FFFF. Additional maintenance tasks beyond those listed in Table 1-14 may be required in response to





GGGG. General health and safety, access, and maintenance event procedures provided in Division 3




Table 1-14. Green Gutter Routine Maintenance Tasks*



all SMP surfaces




Place traffi c delineation/snow removal bollards Annually in November See 2.1.7; Section 2.1.7.10

Remove traffi c delineation/snow removal bollards Annually in April See 2.1.7; Section 2.1.7.10










ground


Prune shrubs Elevate lower limbs and remove dead, rubbing, or

crossing limbs

Annually, between September and the end of

December

See 2.2.6; Section 2.2.6.10

Water herbaceous vegetation and shrubs Water evenly and thoroughly so that the top of

soil is saturated




See 2.2.2; Section 2.2.2.10



structures


Jet pipes Jet underdrain pipes Annually See 2.3.2; Section 2.3.2.10

*Green gutter routine maintenance tasks are preliminary and still under development.



1.2.2.6 STORMWATER DRAINAGE WELL

DESCRIPTION

HHHH. A stormwater drainage well is a perforated underground structure designed to collect and

manage stormwater. Stormwater runoff is conveyed to stormwater drainage wells via green

inlets fi tted with pretreatment systems that prevent trash, sediment, and debris from enter-

ing the drainage well. Stormwater is collected and slowly release into the surrounding soils

through perforations in the bottom and sides of the drainage well.

Stormwater drainage wells can be located under roads, sidewalks, parking lots, lawns, or

other pervious and impervious areas. They can also be connected to other SMP types, such

as stormwater bump-outs, to receive stormwater overfl ow from these systems. Figure 1-30

provides a conceptual rending of a stormwater drainage well.



Figure 1-30. Concept Rendering of a Stormwater Drainage Well

STORMWATER DRAINAGE WELL



STORMWATER DRAINAGE WELL MAINTENANCE

IIII. General requirements for conducting maintenance activities are found in Division 2 along with



JJJJ. Common routine maintenance tasks for stormwater drainage wells are listed in Table 1-15. The



Division 2.

KKKK. Additional maintenance tasks beyond those listed in Table 1-15 may be required in response

to specifi c observed issues. These tasks may include, but are not limited to, the following:



LLLL. General health and safety, access, and maintenance event procedures provided in Division 3




Table 1-15. Stormwater Drainage Well Routine Maintenance Tasks*



all SMP surfaces







structures



*Stormwater drainage well routine maintenance tasks are preliminary and still under development.

DIVISION 2: MAINTENANCE TASKS




Maintenance Tasks

2division



2.1 SURFACE STRUCTURAL MAINTENANCE

2.1.1 TRASH, SEDIMENT, AND ORGANIC DEBRIS REMOVAL

2.1.1.1 TASK DESCRIPTION

1. This section sets forth procedures and requirements for trash, sediment, and organic

debris removal.

2.1.1.2 DOCUMENTATION

1. Documentation for trash, sediment, and organic debris removal shall conform to the requirements

set forth in section 3.1.

2.1.1.3 HEALTH AND SAFETY

1. Trash, sediment, and organic debris removal shall be conducted in accordance with health and

safety requirements set forth in section 3.2.

2.1.1.4 PERSONNEL

1. Personnel for trash, sediment, and organic debris removal shall consist of the standard personnel

for surface maintenance as defi ned in section 3.3.

2.1.1.5 MATERIALS

1. The following materials may be required for the execution of this task:

Site map, design plan, or as-constructed plan;

Hard copies of permits and access permissions;

50 gal. plastic contractor bags (1 box);

All purpose cleaner (2-32 oz. bottles);

All purpose rags (10); and

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) as applicable.

2.1.1.6 EQUIPMENT

1. The following equipment may be required for the execution of this task:

Trash claw;

Leaf blower;

Tarp or other receptacle;

Wheelbarrow or push cart;

Push broom with fi rm bristles;

Dust pan and brush;

Scoop shovel, scraper shovel, digging shovel, edging shovel, snow shovel, and/or drain shovel;

Spade;

Leaf rake, shrub rake, row rake, and/or hand rake;

Set of metric and standard socket wrenches;

Assorted Phillips and standard screwdrivers;

Pliers, adjustable wrenches, vice grips, and pipe wrenches; and

Wire or plastic brush.

2. Additional equipment that may be required for this task includes:

Portable vacuum excavator or vacuum truck;

Mini excavator; and

Backhoe.

2.1.1.7 ACCESS REQUIREMENTS

1. Site access for trash, sediment, organic debris removal shall be secured in accordance with section

3.4.

2.1.1.8 PERMITS AND APPROVALS

1. Permits and approvals for trash, sediment, and organic debris removal shall be obtained in

accordance with section 3.4.1.

2.1.1.9 SPECIAL PROJECT CONDITIONS

1. N.A.

2.1.1.10 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

1. Implement pre-, during, and post-maintenance event procedures as set forth in section 3.5, as

applicable.

Determination of appropriate method for cleaning shall be made prior to maintenance of each

structure so that appropriate equipment is transported to the site.

Small quantities of sediment/trash/organic debris and/or sediment/trash/organic material

contained within shallow structures or on top of structures can be removed using hand tools.

In some cases, a mini-excavator or backhoe may be needed to remove or dredge sediment from

large open storage areas or forebays.



Large quantities of sediment and/or sediment contained within structures that are diffi cult to

access or require confi ned space entry, may require the use of a portable vacuum excavator or

vacuum truck. See section 2.3.1 for Vacuum Cleaning Protocol.

Culverts may require cleaning via jetting as per section 2.3.2.

2. Remove loose trash from media/storage areas, roof storage areas as applicable, and the SMP pe-

rimeter, including sidewalk/paved areas adjacent to any grates and curb openings (4 ft. on either

side of structure) by hand or using a trash claw.

3. Wipe down signage using an all purpose cleaner and soft rag to remove any attached sediment/

trash/organic debris.

4. Remove trash, sediment, and organic debris from structure surfaces and interiors, including

culverts, trench drains, pretreatment devices, gutters, and fl ow control devices (weirs, weir walls,

spillways, orifi ces, modifi ed roof drains).

Sediment/trash/organic debris removal from inlets, control structures, cleanouts, and manholes is

considered subsurface maintenance and is covered in section 2.3.1.

If removal of sediment/trash/organic debris from interiors, culverts, trench drains, pretreatment,

or fl ow control devices requires entry into the structure, confi ned space entry may be required.

Depending on crew qualifi cations, a subsurface maintenance crew may be required to perform

work (see section 3.3.2.3).

Sediment/trash/organic debris shall be removed from pretreatment or fl ow control devices con-

tained within inlet structures prior to the removal of sediment/trash/organic debris from the inlet

itself.

Sediment/trash/organic debris may be removed by a portable vacuum excavator. The addition of

vacuum hose attachments or decreasing suction power may prevent damage to “fi lter-bag” style

devices and prevent fi lter-bag from becoming caught in vacuum hose during cleaning.

If the pretreatment device is not permanently attached to the structure, remove the pretreatment

device from the structure by hand or with specialized pretreatment device removal tools,

if available.

If removing pretreatment device by hand, remove enough material from the device to achieve a

liftable weight (based on surface maintenance personnel judgment) prior to lifting. Once removed,

invert and shake or gently tap the device until all material has been removed.

Ensure that structure grates, pipe/structure openings, and screens are free of accumulated sedi-

ment/organic debris/trash.

5. Remove accumulated sediment and organic debris deposits from media/storage areas.

Small quantities of sediment/organic debris shall be removed by hand whenever possible, particu-

larly within naturally vegetated areas.

If required, removal of sediment/organic debris using mechanized equipment may necessitate

signifi cant disturbance of vegetation with the media/storage areas. As such, plans for quickly

re-establishing natural vegetation shall be developed prior to sediment/organic debris removal

and implemented immediately following sediment/organic debris removal (see section 2.2.4 and

section 2.2.5)

Large equipment shall not traverse or otherwise be staged on the surface of the media storage

area to avoid soil compaction.

Large deposits shall be removed from paved or turf-covered media/storage areas using a mini-

excavator or portable vacuum excavator.

Any bare/non-vegetated areas within vegetated media/storage areas that result from sediment/

organic debris removal shall be immediately stabilized per section 2.1.2 (see following pages for

erosion control protocols).

6. Follow guidelines for Waste Disposal and Decanting (section 2.4) when removing sediment/trash/

organic debris from the site.

2.1.1.11 QUALITY ASSURANCE

1. N.A.



2.1.2 EROSION CONTROL/REPAIR


1. This section sets forth procedures and requirements for the control/repair of damaging soil loss or

migration.


1. Documentation for erosion control/repair shall conform to the requirements of section 3.1.


1. Erosion control/repair shall be conducted in accordance with health and safety requirements set

forth in section 3.2.

2.1.2.4 PERSONNEL

1. Personnel for erosion control/repair shall consist of the standard personnel for surface

maintenance as defi ned in section 3.3.

2.1.2.5 MATERIALS





Woven geotextile fabric (50 ft. roll, 8 ft. wide);

Nonwoven geotextile fabric (50 ft. roll, 8 ft. wide);

Erosion blanket (North American Green® NAG-125 or SC-150 or equivalent) – (50 ft. roll, 8 ft.

wide);

8 in. erosion blanket staples (1 box of 1,000);

Clean fi ll (2A modifi ed gravel or as specifi ed by owner/operator) – as needed;

Top soil – as needed; and

Stone, various sizes (as required for repairs).

2.1.2.6 EQUIPMENT


Leaf blower;




Spade;

Leaf rake, shrub rake, row rake, and/or hand rake;

Hammer;

Mallet;

Hand tamper; and

Utility blade.


1. Site access for erosion control/repair shall be secured in accordance with section 3.4.


1. Permits and approvals for erosion control/repair shall be obtained in accordance with section

3.4.1.


1. N.A.



applicable.

2. Fill eroded area, if necessary, with material matching that of the surrounding media profi le (for

example, stone, top soil, etc.).

3. Fine grade material with hoe, rake, or other hand tool to match the grade of the surrounding

undamaged surface.

4. Seed the area as per section 2.2.5.

If erosion repair/control is performed outside the normal seasonal seeding window (see section

2.2.5), then postpone seeding until an appropriate time.

At the discretion of the facility/landscape maintenance manager or foreman, some areas may be



planted rather than seeded according to methods in section 2.2.4.

5. Gently compact material with a hand tamper.

6. Install erosion blanket.

Dig an 8 in. by 6 in. and 12 in. deep anchor trench perpendicular to the direction of water fl ow

within a basin or channel or at the top of the embankment if on a slope. For installation within

a basin or channel, anchor trench shall be located upstream of where water enters the SMP if

possible.

Secure the erosion blanket into the anchor trench with staples at a minimum of 12 in. on center

and backfi ll anchor trench.

Unroll erosion blanket in the direction of water fl ow or down the embankment slope avoiding

seam placement on the bottom invert of the basin/channel bottom.

Secure the erosion blanket to soil surface by placing staples at a minimum of 4 in. on center or as

per manufacturer’s specifi cation.

If necessary, place consecutive erosion blankets end over end with a minimum 6 in. overlap. Use a

double row of staples 4 in. apart and 4 in. on center to secure erosion blankets.

Secure the erosion blanket with a double row of staples 4 in. apart and 4 in. on center at a

minimum of every 30 ft. along the direction of fl ow of the basin or channel or down the slope of

the embankment.

At the terminal end of the repair (minimum of 3 ft. downstream from the eroded area), dig an 8

in. by 6 in. and 12 in. deep anchor trench perpendicular to the direction of water fl ow.

Secure the erosion blanket into the anchor trench with staples at a minimum of 12 in. on center

and backfi ll anchor trench.

7. As needed, plant containerized plants (see section 2.2.4) matching the size and species of

original planting plan or as per owner/operator specifi cations.


1. Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control

Program Manual (2012).

2. Erosion blanket manufacturer’s installation specifi cations.

2.1.3 CONCRETE, PAVEMENT, AND MASONRY REPAIR


1. This section sets forth procedures and requirements for concrete, pavement, and masonry repair.


1. Documentation for concrete, pavement, and masonry repair shall conform to the requirements of

section 3.1.

2. If fi re hydrants are used for concrete, pavement, and masonry repair, a monthly Hydrant Operation

Report shall be prepared and submitted to the Philadelphia Water Department (PWD) by the

owner/operator.


1. Concrete, pavement, and masonry repair shall be conducted in accordance with health and safety

requirements set forth in section 3.2.

2.1.3.4 PERSONNEL

1. Personnel for concrete, pavement, and masonry repair shall consist of a crew comprised of the

following personnel:

One (1) facility/landscape manager or facility/landscape crew foreman; and

One (1) mason.

2. Additional masons, facility/landscape professionals, and/or labors may be needed as per the scale

of the repair and the site specifi c conditions.

2.1.3.5 MATERIALS

1 The following materials may be required for the execution of this task:




Potable municipal or well water and/or harvested rainwater suffi cient for repair activities;


All purpose rags (10);

Sandpaper, various grades;

Sand (1-50 lbs. bag);



Portland cement (or equivalent mortar) – (1-20 lbs. bag);

Stone, various sizes (as required for repairs);

Asphalt cold patch (as required);

Concrete cold patch (as required);

Acrylic crack sealant (2-16 oz.-tubes);

Masonry adhesive (1-5 lbs. bucket);

Concrete forms; and


2.1.3.6 EQUIPMENT




Paint scraper, sander, or stripper;

Heavy-duty electric masonry saw (as needed);

Masonry trowel;

Hose with spray nozzle (100 ft.);

Utility blade;

Buckets or tub;

Hand tamper;

Utility blade;

Masonry chisel set and stone hammer;

Mason line;

Line level and stakes;

Crowbar for moving and adjusting stones;

Fire hydrant center compression lock;

Fire hydrant wrench;

Backfl ow preventer(s) and associated appurtenances in accordance with PWD’s approved list of

backfl ow assemblies (http://www.phila.gov/water/pdfs/Backfl owAssembly2010.pdf);

Water hose of suffi cient strength to withstand kinking and abrasion from concrete surfaces or

other hoses as appropriate;

Appropriate hose spray nozzles and appurtenances; and

Approved water tank (250 gal. minimum), hose with appropriate nozzles, and truck of suffi cient

capacity to support a water tank without compromising safety or causing a hazard (if hydrant

access is not available).


1. Site access for concrete, pavement, and masonry repair shall be secured in accordance

with section 3.4.


1. Permits and approvals for concrete, pavement, and masonry repair shall be obtained in

accordance with section 3.4.1.


1. Concrete, pavement, and masonry repairs shall be limited to days with a temperature range

between 40 degrees and 80 degrees F.

2. Concrete, pavement, and masonry repairs shall be avoided within a 48 hr. period of

forecasted rain.


1. Implement pre-, during, and post-maintenance event procedures as set forth in section 3.5,

as applicable.

2. Place tarp over adjacent areas to protect surfaces, soil, and vegetation from spilled materials.

3. Remove loose debris or material from the repair area.

4. Perform concrete and masonry repairs as applicable.

If structure is constructed of cast-in-place concrete, and issue is a crack with maximum width less

than 0.5 in., a chip less than 0.3 in. deep, or spalling, then apply a concrete veneer to the surface:

Mix mortar;

Apply mortar veneer over the entire surface so that the repair is not visibly apparent; and

Remove excess mortar.

If structure is constructed of cast-in-place concrete, and issue is a crack with maximum width

greater than 0.5 in., chip >0.3 in., or other minor damage, fi ll the cracked area:



If the damage is too large to support mortar, saw cut concrete and install concrete forms, as

needed;

Mix mortar;

Fill repair area and smooth joints; and

Remove excess mortar.

If structure is constructed of masonry (stone or brick), and issue is loose, missing, or displaced

bricks, stones or pavers, then replace and/or reset the missing masonry parts:

Remove stone/brick from an area larger than required repair to provide space to tie in newly

constructed masonry work;

Place and fi ne grade subbase according to design documents;

Install geotextile fabric, if applicable, by excavating soil and keying geotextile into edges of exca-

vated area;

Mix mortar or prepare masonry adhesive and plan placement of selected stones/bricks prior to

installation;

Apply mortar or adhesive according to the designed aesthetic and required structural strength as

decided using best professional judgment and manufacturer recommendations;

Place stone, brick, or paver material; and

Remove excess mortar or adhesive.

If surface is constructed of pervious pavement, and the issue is small divots or damage smaller

than 50 sq. ft. and comprising less than 10 percent of the total pervious pavement surface, then

patch with standard asphalt:

Cut the damaged areas with an asphalt cutting blade on a masonry saw, and remove material

down to the base stone course;

Fill cut hole with asphalt cold patch and pack with a hand tamper; and

Seal patched seams with acrylic sealant.

5. Remove any spilled mortar or other material on turf, hardscape, or soil/planted area.

6. Block repaired area from pedestrian or vehicular traffi c.


1. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C497 - 13 Standard Test Methods for Concrete

Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile.

2.1.4 SETTLING REPAIR


1. This section sets forth procedures and requirements for settling repair.


1. Documentation for settling repair shall conform to the requirements of section 3.1.


1. Settling repair shall be conducted in accordance with health and safety requirements set forth in

section 3.2.

2.1.4.4 PERSONNEL

1. Personnel for settling repair shall consist of the standard personnel for surface maintenance as

defi ned in section 3.3.

2.1.4.5 MATERIALS





Clean fi ll (2A modifi ed gravel or as specifi ed by owner/operator) – as needed;

Clean sand with a high clay content;

Top soil – as needed; and

Stone, various sizes (as required for repairs).



2.1.4.6 EQUIPMENT





Spade;

Leaf rake, shrub rake, row rake, and/or hand rake; and

Utility blade.


1. Site access for settling repair shall be secured in accordance with section 3.4.

2. For any ground breaking activities a PA One Call shall be performed (see section 3.6).


1. Permits and approvals for settling repair shall be obtained in accordance with section 3.4.1.


1. Large or deep settled areas or widespread settling is beyond the scope of this document.



applicable.

2. Remove surface cover above settled area:

Remove pavers or stone by hand and set aside;

Saw cut asphalt or concrete if settling has resulted in cracking or deformation on the surface;

Dig vegetation and set aside, avoiding root damage; and

Remove turf and associated top soil.

3. Test stability of settled area with a hand tool. If area is unstable and signifi cantly subsides through

prodding by hand tools, STOP maintenance and immediately contact owner/operator.

4. Clear around settled area and excavate using hand tools to the bottom of the depression/void

space. If soil continues to subside at depths greater than 2 ft., STOP maintenance and immediately

contact owner/operator.

5. Fill excavated area with approximately 4 in. to 6 in. of clean fi ll material (2A modifi ed gravel

or as specifi ed by owner/operator).

6. Compact fi ll material with hand tamper.

7. Fill excavated area above fi ll material with a 4 in. to 6 in. layer of clean sand with

high clay content.

8. Cover excavation with top soil for pervious areas or with stone for hardscape areas.

9. Compact with hand tamper.

10. Repair surface to match existing condition, as applicable:

For planting see section 2.2.4;

For seeding see section 2.2.5; and

For pavers, asphalt, concrete, or stone see section 2.1.3.


1. Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control

Program Manual (2012).

2.1.5 GRAFFITI REMOVAL


1. This section sets forth procedures and requirements for graffi ti removal.


1. Documentation for graffi ti removal shall conform to the requirements of section 3.1.

2. If fi re hydrants are used for graffi ti removal, a monthly Hydrant Operation Report shall be prepared

and submitted to PWD by the owner/operator.


1. Graffi ti removal shall be conducted in accordance with health and safety requirements set forth in

section 3.2.

2.1.5.4 PERSONNEL

1. Personnel for graffi ti removal shall consist of the standard personnel for surface maintenance as




2.1.5.5 MATERIALS





All purpose cleaner (2-32 oz. bottles)

All purpose rags (10)

Graffi ti remover solvent for different surface types, as applicable (1-32 oz. bottle);

Potable municipal or well water and/or harvested rainwater suffi cient for watering and cleaning

activities, as required; and


2.1.5.6 EQUIPMENT



Buckets or tub;

Utility blade;

Ladder of appropriate height as per site-specifi c conditions;

Graffi ti remover applicator;

Metal or plastic brush;

Power washer;












1. Site access for graffi ti removal shall be secured in accordance with section 3.4.


1. Permits and approvals for graffi ti removal shall be obtained in accordance with section 3.4.1.


1. N.A.



applicable.

2. Remove spray paint and similar materials (for example, permanent makers, polishes, etc.) from

concrete and masonry materials and metal surfaces:

Drape all surrounding areas (including plants and soil/mulch) with tarp;

Power wash surface at low pressure;

Apply chemical graffi ti removal solvent as per manufacturer specifi cations;

Scrub surface with metal or plastic brush;

Wipe away graffi ti removal solvent with rags;

Power wash or rinse surface clean;

Repeat as needed until graffi ti is removed; and

If applicable, repaint surface as per owner/operator’s specifi cations (see section 2.1.6).

3. Remove sticker-based graffi ti from metal or other smooth surfaces:

Scrape sticker from surface holding utility knife at a low angle relative to the surface.


1. N.A.



2.1.6 PAINTING


1. This section sets forth procedures and requirements for painting.


1. Documentation for painting shall conform to the requirements of section 3.1.

2. If fi re hydrants are used for painting, a monthly Hydrant Operation Report shall be prepared and

submitted to PWD by the owner/operator.


1. Painting shall be conducted in accordance with health and safety requirements set forth in section

3.2.

2.1.6.4 PERSONNEL

1. Personnel painting shall consist of the standard personnel for surface maintenance as defi ned in

section 3.3.

2.1.6.5 MATERIALS







Painting tape (2 rolls);

Paint and primer as per owner/operator specifi cations; and


2.1.6.6 EQUIPMENT



Assorted paint brushes and/or paint roller;

Buckets or tub;

Utility blade;

Ladder of appropriate height as per site-specifi c conditions;












1. Site access for painting shall be secured in accordance with section 3.4.


1. Permits and approvals for painting shall be obtained in accordance with section 3.5.


1. Most paint requires temperatures to be above 50 degrees F. Follow product manufacturers’

instructions and recommendations for paint application.

2. Do not paint during a precipitation event of any type. Painted surface must be dry. Do not paint if

precipitation is forecasted for within 48 hr. of effort.



applicable.

2. Drape all surrounding areas (including plants and soil/mulch) with tarp or paint cloth.

3. Remove existing loose paint, corrosion, and/or deposits from painting surface.

4. Tape all non-soil edges.

5. Without disturbing vegetation, dig soil away from painting surface to maximize paintable area

and minimize visible non-painted areas.

6. Apply primer.



7. Wait for primer to dry as specifi ed by manufacturer:

Remove and later reposition tarp or paint cloth if overnight wait is required and site cannot be

secured.

8. Apply paint.

9. Install wet paint signs and temporary barriers.

10. Remove wet paint signs and temporary barriers after manufacturer-specifi ed drying time.


1. N.A.

2.1.7 WINTERIZATION


1. This section sets forth procedures and requirements for winterization.


1. Documentation for winterization removal shall conform to the requirements of section 3.1.


1. Winterization shall be conducted in accordance with health and safety requirements set forth in

section 3.2.

2.1.7.4 PERSONNEL

1. Personnel for winterization shall consist of the standard personnel for surface maintenance as


2.1.7.5 MATERIALS





White lithium grease or equivalent metal-to-metal lubricant and rust protector (1-16 oz. spray

bottle); and


2.1.7.6 EQUIPMENT




Pliers, adjustable wrenches, vice grips, and pipe wrenches;

Hand chisel;

Mallet;


Manhole hooks; and

Crowbar.


1. Site access for winterization shall be secured in accordance with section 3.4.


1. Permits and approvals for winterization shall be obtained in accordance with section 3.5.


1. N.A.



applicable.

2. Perform winterization of appurtenances:

Remove appurtenance from the associated structure;

Wipe any grit or other debris and clean threading;

Spray appurtenance with material-appropriate lubricant; and

Replace appurtenance within the associated structure.

3. Drain, clean, and seal any surface cisterns, tanks, and rain barrels or any subsurface systems above

the front line:

Remove standing water using approved vacuum cleaning (see section 2.3) and waste disposal and

decanting protocols (see section 2.4);



Disinfect and rinse storage areas using approved non-toxic disinfectant, and dispose of waste

material using approved waste disposal and decanting protocols (see section 2.4) ;

Close infl ow valves as needed to maintain dry conditions within the cistern or rain barrel; and

Open infl ow valves again in the spring.

4. For stormwater bump-outs and other structures that include detachable traffi c delineators, install

bollard elements in fall:

Wipe any grit or other debris and clean threading in bollard base;

Spray base with material-appropriate lubricant; and

Place bollard within the associated base.

5. For stormwater bump-outs and other structures that include detachable traffi c delineators, remove

bollard elements in the spring and store at an approved location.


1. N.A.

2.1.8 APPURTENANCE REPAIR


1. This section sets forth procedures and requirements for appurtenance repair.


1. Documentation for appurtenance repair shall conform to the requirements of section 3.1.


1. Appurtenance repair shall be conducted in accordance with health and safety requirements set


2.1.8.4 PERSONNEL

1. Personnel for appurtenance repair shall consist of the standard personnel for surface


2.1.8.5 MATERIALS





Biodegradable degreasing agent (1 - 16 oz. bottle or tube);

All purpose cleaner (2 - 32 oz. bottles);


Appropriate replacement appurtenances (for example, bolts, screws, caps, etc.) to site-specifi c

design and manufacturer specifi cations;

White lithium grease or equivalent metal-to-metal lubricant and rust protector (1-16 oz. spray

bottle); and


2.1.8.6 EQUIPMENT





Bolt cutters;

Cordless drill and batteries;

Assorted drill bits;

Hand chisel;

Mallet;


Tap and die set;

Utility blade;

Manhole hooks; and

Crowbar.




1. Site access for winterization shall be secured in accordance with section 3.4.


1. Permits and approvals for appurtenance repair shall be obtained in accordance with section 3.5.


1. N.A.



applicable.

2. Repair damaged or stripped bolt and screws.

Clean components with a rag to remove debris, and turn male and female parts to restore

threading.

If necessary, replace stripped bolts with equivalent hardware or rethread using a tap and die set:

Avoid mixing metals (for example, stainless steel, iron, or aluminum) as this can lead to corrosion

and binding.

If necessary, rethread stripped taps using tap and die set.

3. Replace missing or damaged appurtenances:

Replace missing or damaged screens, fi lter and/or strainer bags, support rods, washers, bolts, caps

and gaskets with equivalent hardware.

2.1.9 PERVIOUS PAVEMENT CLEANING


1. This section sets forth procedures and requirements for pervious pavement cleaning.


1. Documentation of pervious pavement cleaning shall conform to the requirements of

section 3.1.


1. Pervious pavement cleaning shall be conducted in accordance with health and safety requirements


2.1.9.4 PERSONNEL

1. Personnel for pervious pavement cleaning shall consist of the standard personnel for surface


2.1.9.5 MATERIALS






All-purpose rags (10);

2.1.9.6 EQUIPMENT


Regenerative air sweeper equipment:

Regenerative air sweeper with the following minimum specifi cations:

Sweeping width of 78”;

Storage hopper capacity of 2 cubic yards;

Dust separator;

System pressure of 3500 psi; and

Hydraulic system capacity of 5 GPM;

Vacuum sweeper equipment:

Heavy duty vacuuming equipment with the following minimum specifi cations:

Sweeping width of 144”;

Storage hopper capacity of 8 cubic yards;

Total hydraulic system capacity of 16 GPM; and

10 micron dust fi lter;

10 megapixel digital camera with spare batteries;

Shovel, spades and/or push broom to remove trash/sediment/ organic debris generated from

maintenance tasks;

Measuring wheel to determine distances between structures;




1. Site access for pervious pavement sweeping shall be secured in accordance with

section 3.4.


1. Permits and approvals for pervious pavement sweeping shall be obtained in accordance with

section 3.5.


1. N.A.



applicable.

2. Inspect the stormwater system for any evidence of illicit discharge or any suspected illegal connec-

tions or dumping, and check the nearby areas for any signs of erosion. Document and report any

concerns to the owner/operator prior to beginning maintenance.

2. Remove large trash/sediment/organic debris from the surface manually.

3. Clean pervious paving using approved regenerative air sweeper listed in section 2.1.9.6:

Start at the upstream end of the pervious paving and move towards the downstream end.

If using a power washer with a vacuum component:

Dislodge material from the pores of the pervious paving using the power washer and vacuum

immediately to prevent the material from reentering the system.

4. The following tasks must be avoided on or near pervious paving SMPs:

Sanding;

Re-sealing;

Re-surfacing;

Storage of snow piles containing sand;

Storage of mulch or soil materials; and

Construction staging on unprotected pavement.

5. Follow guidelines for WASTE DISPOSAL AND DECANTING (section 2.4) when removing sediment/

trash/organic debris from the site.

2.2 VEGETATION MAINTENANCE

2.2.1 MECHANICAL VEGETATION CONTROL


1. This section describes the protocol for mechanical vegetation control including:

Hand pulling of herbaceous and small woody vegetation;

String trimming;

Manual cutting of herbaceous and small woody vegetation;

Mowing;

Girdling;

Seed head/fruiting body removal;

Tilling/hoeing; and

Suffocation.

2. Tree pruning is addressed in section 2.2.6.


1. Documentation for mechanical vegetation control shall conform to the requirements of section

3.1.


1. Mechanical vegetation control shall be conducted in accordance with health and safety require-

ments set forth in section 3.2.

2.2.1.4 PERSONNEL

1. Personnel for mechanical vegetation control shall consist of the standard personnel for surface

maintenance as defi ned in section 3.3



2.2.1.5 MATERIALS


Shredded hardwood mulch – shall be double-shredded, well-composted, aged six (6) months

to one (1) year, dark brown in color, and free of wood chips, stones or other undesirable matter,

including seed of invasive species and wood from allopathic species such as Acer platanoides and

Juglans nigra;

Opaque UV-resistant black plastic sheeting;

Re-sealable plastic bags – 1 or 2 gal.; and

Large paper or plastic contractor bags – 50 gal.

2.2.1.6 EQUIPMENT


Hand removal of herbaceous or small woody vegetation, or algae:

Shovel;

Leaf or shrub rake; and

Weed or algae rake.

String trimming:

String trimmer – 2-cycle or 4-cycle, gas-powered, lightweight model of suffi cient quality to ef-

fi ciently and neatly trim large areas of thick herbaceous vegetation; and

Scoop and/or digging shovel.

Manual cutting of herbaceous or small woody vegetation, or aquatic vegetation:

Pruning shears, loppers, pruning saw, brush cutter, and/or aquatic weed cutter.

Mowing:

Walk-behind mower – gas-powered, commercial-grade, minimum cutting width of 30 in., and of

suffi cient quality to effi ciently and neatly mow thick herbaceous vegetation;

Flail mower – gas-powered, adjustable cutting height, minimum cutting width of 4 ft., with

26-in. offset for mowing around trees and shrubs, and of suffi cient quality to effi ciently mow thick

herbaceous vegetation; and

Tractor and brush hog – three-point hitch, rotary blades, minimum cutting width of 4 ft., and of

suffi cient quality to effi ciently mow thick herbaceous vegetation.

Girdling:

Chain saw or ax.

Seed head/fruiting body removal:

Pruning or gardening shears.

Tilling/hoeing:

Roto-tiller;

Cultipacker;

Manual tiller; and

Hoe.

Suffocation

Mallet or sledgehammer.


1. Site access for mechanical vegetation control shall be secured in accordance with

section 3.4.


1. Permits and approvals for mechanical vegetation control of plants shall be obtained in accordance

with section 3.5.


1. Weather:

Mechanical vegetation control shall not be carried out during heavy rain events. Mowing shall not

be performed on wet vegetation.

2. Timing:

If string trimming/mowing of vegetation occurs during the spring and summer, it should be timed

to reduce potential impact to ground-nesting birds (in other words, prior to or after nesting

season: April 15 – July 31).



3. Slope:

When using a walk-behind mower, fl ail mower or tractor with brush hog, do not mow in close

proximity to a swale, steep slope, or any terrain where the control of the mower could be compro-

mised. Walk-behind mowers, riding mowers, or tractors with brush hogs shall not be used on any

slope greater than 15 degrees.

When using a fl ail mower, mow perpendicular to the slope (up and down) and never parallel

(along the contours) to any slope that is greater than 5 degrees. Where mowing cannot be per-

formed due to slope or terrain issues, use a string-trimmer instead.


1. Implement pre-, during-, and post-maintenance event procedures as set forth in section 3.5, as

applicable.

2. Hand pulling of herbaceous or small woody vegetation, or algae:

Gather the plant near the base with two hands and pull upward, ensuring removal of the entire

root mass including tap root, where applicable.

If necessary, use a shovel or spade to help loosen the soil surrounding the plant root mass to be

removed. Hand removal is easiest when the soil is moist.

Note: it is essential that the entire root mass is removed along with the leaves of the plant.

Using a shovel or rake, smooth the surrounding soil to fi ll in the remaining hole and cover with

shredded hardwood mulch.

Properly dispose of the plant material in an approved location off-site, ensuring that no plant

pieces or propagules remain on site.

Using a weed or algae rake, remove surface algae and some aquatic weeds from regions of

continuous ponding:



3. Manual cutting of herbaceous or small woody vegetation, or algae:

Herbaceous vegetation:

Using pruning shears or a brush cutter, cut plants to approximately 4-6 in. above the ground

surface.

Rake and properly dispose of the plant material in an approved location off-site, ensuring that no

plant pieces or propagules remain on site.

Small woody vegetation:

Using pruning shears, loppers, or a pruning saw, cut the main stem to approximately <4 in. above

the ground surface.

Apply chemical herbicide treatment to cut stem per manufacturer’s directions (directions may be

dependent on plant type) (see section 2.2.7).



Aquatic weeds:

Using an aquatic weed cutter, cut the main stem to approximately <4 in. above the bottom

surface.

4. String-trimming:

String trimming is to be performed on herbaceous vegetation only.

String-trim plants to approximately 4-6 in. above the ground surface.

To avoid accidental damage, do not string-trim within 1-2 ft. of any tree or shrub. Instead, cut or

remove plants by hand within the 2 ft. offset zone.

Maintain an even level of string-trimmed vegetation to create a neat and tidy appearance.

Rake and properly dispose of the plant material in an approved location off-site.

5. Mowing:

Mowing is to be performed on herbaceous vegetation only.

Mow naturalized meadows to approximately 8 in. above the ground surface, and turf grasses to

approximately 2-4 in. above the ground surface.

To avoid accidental damage, do not mow within 2 ft. of any tree or shrub. Instead, cut or remove

plants by hand within the 2 ft. offset zone.

Rake and remove (approximately 50 percent of the thatch) and properly dispose of the plant

material in an approved location off-site.



6. Girdling:

Using a chain saw or ax, notch a groove completely encircling the trunk of the tree at breast

height.

If using an ax or hatchet, create the girdle by striking from above and below along a line around

the trunk so that a notch of wood and bark is removed.

If using a chain saw to girdle, create two horizontal cuts between 2 and 4 vertical in. apart com-

pletely around the tree.

The groove must completely encircle the trunk and penetrate into the wood to a depth of at least

1/2 in. on small trees, and 1 to 1-1/2 in. on larger trees.

7. Seed head/fruiting body removal:

Clip seed head/fruiting body at base using gardening or pruning shears taking care to avoid

perturbing the seed head/fruiting body.

Carefully place seed head/fruiting bodies into a sealed plastic bag and dispose in an approved

location off site.

8. Tilling/hoeing:

Till or hoe target area using a hoe, manual tiller, Roto-tiller, or Cultipacker to a depth of 6-8 in.

Replant or reseed affected area per sections 2.2.4 and 2.2.5.

9. Suffocation:

Spread plastic sheeting over the target area, extending 5 ft. beyond the target area in all

directions.

Securely fasten plastic sheeting to ground surface using hardwood stakes 8-12 ft. on center,

ensuring that the plastic sheeting is taut and in good contact with the ground surface. Hardwood

stake shall be driven 2 ft. into the ground using a mallet or sledge hammer.

Remove hardwood stakes and plastic sheeting after 1-2 years.

Till, replant and/or reseed affected area with target vegetation. See sections 2.2.4 and 2.2.5.


1. Reference Standards:

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards.



Table 2-1. Recommended Removal Treatments for Commonly-Found Invasive/Non-target Vegetation in Philadelphia Stormwater Management Practices

Species Recommended Treatment Minimum Frequency Comments

Nutsedge (Cyperus sp.) Hand removal (section 2.2.1.10) Monthly from April through October Chemical treatment is recommended for large

stands where hand removal will disrupt and leave

soil vulnerable to erosion. Selective herbicides are

available that do not damage other herbaceous

plants.

Foxtail (Alopecurus sp. and Setaria sp.) and

crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis)

Cut seed heads (section 2.2.1.10) Monthly from April through October Both native and introduced species are present

in Pennsylvania and identifi cation between these

species is diffi cult. Foxtail and crabgrass species

can be aggressive invaders.

Star of Bethlehem (Ornitholgalum nutans and

O. umbellatum)

Target competition—plant herbaceous early

spring emergers (section 2.2.1.10 and section

2.2.4.10)

Once in spring (after last frost and prior to April

15) or in fall.

Star of Bethlehem die back after spring and often

do not interfere with target species' growth and

survival. Hand removal can disrupt and leave soil

vulnerable to erosion; it may be applied to small

stands that are not in the direct stormwater fl ow

path.

Lesser celandine (Ranunculus fi caria) Hand removal (section 2.2.1.10) Monthly from March through May N.A.

Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) Hand removal (section 2.2.1.10) Monthly from April through October Jimsonweed is poisonous; protect skin and do

not ingest.

Morning glory (Ipomoea sp.), Porcelainberry

(Ampelopsis brevipedunculata), Mile-a-minute

(Polygonum perfoliatum), Japanese hops

(Humulus japonicus)

Hand removal (section 2.2.1.10) Monthly during spring and early summer (April

through July), before fruit formation

N.A.

Bristled knotweed (Persicaria longiseta) Cut seed heads (section 2.2.1.10) Monthly from May through October Hand removal can disrupt and leave soil vulner-

able to erosion; it may be applied to small stands

that are not in the direct stormwater fl ow path.

Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera), Tree

of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima), Princess tree

(Paulownia tomentosa), Mimosa tree (Albizia

julibrissin)

Hand removal (section 2.2.1.10) when seedling,

otherwise chemical treatment (cut stem

treatment) (section 2.2.7.10)

Monthly from April through October Cut stem application is most effective during the

growing season (April through August)



2.2.2 WATERING


1. This task outlines the protocol for watering vegetation.


1. If watering involves the use of a city fi re hydrant, a monthly hydrant report shall be prepared and

submitted to PWD.

2.2.2.3 HEALTH & SAFETY

1. Watering shall be conducted in accordance with health and safety requirements set forth in sec-

tion 3.2.

2.2.2.4 PERSONNEL

1. Personnel for watering shall consist of the standard personnel for surface maintenance as defi ned

in section 3.3.

2.2.2.5 MATERIALS

1.The following materials may be required for execution of this task:

Water

Water shall be clean and free of toxic substances.

Acceptable sources:

Water shall be sourced from locally (in other words, on-site) collected rain-harvested sources, if

available.

The use of municipal potable water, either from private taps or city hydrants, is permissible with

proper permits or owner authorization, as applicable, if rain-harvested water is not available.

If both rain-harvested and municipal water are not available, non-potable water transported to

the site via a water truck shall be used for watering.

The use of water from groundwater wells or surface waters is not authorized for use in watering.

2.2.2.6 EQUIPMENT

1. The following equipment is required for execution of this task:

If a PWD fi re hydrant will be used as a water source, the following is required:




backfl ow assemblies: http://www.phila.gov/water/pdfs/Backfl owAssembly2010.pdf






access is not available); and

Tree watering bags - Treegator® 15 gal. original watering bag, or approved equivalent.


1. Site access for watering shall be secured in accordance with section 3.4.


1. Permits and approvals for watering shall be obtained in accordance with section 3.5.


1. Watering shall not be conducted in freezing conditions, when freezing conditions are expected

within 48 hr., or on frozen ground.



applicable.

2. Hydrant operation

Personnel shall follow the PWD Fire Hydrant Operation Procedure guidelines to open, operate, and

close all city hydrants.

3. Watering truck and tank operation:

If rain-harvested, hydrant, or private tap access is not available, the personnel shall use a watering

truck tank as the source of water.



Personnel shall follow the manufacturer’s directions for operating the water tank in a safe and

effective manner.

4. Private property potable water:

If SMP is on private property and a private potable water source is available, the personnel shall

fi rst coordinate with the owner prior to use.

The personnel shall take care to not damage or interfere with activities on the private property

when utilizing the potable water source.

5. Watering of herbaceous plants and shrubs:

Water evenly and thoroughly so that the top 6-8 in. of soil is saturated.

Use appropriate sprinkler attachments on hose, taking care to avoid directing concentrated fl ows

at planted/seeded areas, which will prevent erosion of the soil surrounding the plants or washing

away of the seed within seeded areas.

Water shall be aimed at the base of the plants, avoiding the leaves.

The key to effective watering is providing adequate water into the soil (not the leaves) at the base

of the plant for uptake by the plant roots. Allow the water to soak into the ground within each

area of vegetation, moving slowly through each section.

Each 100 sf section of the vegetated SMP shall be evenly and thoroughly watered for fi ve (5) min.

before moving on to the next section.

Care must be taken to avoid damage to leaves and to prevent erosion of the soil, which can be

caused by forceful and concentrated streams of water.

6. Watering of Trees

Water bag installation, fi lling, and removal

Install watering bags on any trees that have been in the ground for less than 12 months and do

not have watering bags.

Install watering bags per the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Watering bags shall be placed on the tree as soon as possible following installation.

During November, remove all watering bags from trees and store in a dry, temperature-controlled

environment to prevent dry rotting.

In March, reinstall watering bags on trees that had watering bags the previous year if planted for

less than 12 months

Install watering bags per the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Fill and refi ll all watering bags per the manufacturer’s recommendations and per the

recommended timing and frequency for each tree.

Watering using manual methods

Water each tree for a fi ve (5) minute period.

Using a hose and gentle stream of water, apply water to the base of the tree.

Do not aim the water at the leaves of the plant. The key to effective watering is providing

adequate water into the soil (not the leaves) for uptake by the plant roots. Allow the water to

soak into the ground. Replace any mulch that has been disturbed during the watering process.


1. N.A.

2.2.3 MULCHING AND EDGING


1. This section sets forth procedures and requirements for mulching and edging.


1. Documentation for mulching and edging shall conform to the requirements of section 3.1.

2.2.3.3. HEALTH & SAFETY

1. Mulching/edging shall be conducted in accordance with health and safety requirements set forth

in section 3.2.

2.2.3.4 PERSONNEL

1. Personnel for mulching/edging shall consist of the standard personnel for surface maintenance as




2.2.3.5 MATERIALS


Shredded hardwood mulch – shall be double-shredded, well-composted, aged six (6) months

to one year, dark brown in color, and free of wood chips, stones or other undesirable matter,

including seed of invasive species and wood from allopathic species such as Acer platanoides and

Juglans nigra.

2.2.3.6 EQUIPMENT


Shovel (s) – assorted shovels, of suffi cient size and strength to perform edging-related tasks,

which may include, but are not limited to the following types: digging, trenching, spade, scoop,

scraper, post-hole digger, and trowel;

Tarp – of suffi cient size and strength to support hauling and moving of plant clippings and mulch;

Rake – of suffi cient size and strength to spread mulch;

Manual landscape edger – corrosion resistant, step on model;

Mechanical landscape edger – gas-powered, caster steering, pneumatic tires, carbide-tipped cut-

ting blades, adjustable cutting depth, curb hop option and appropriate safety guards); and

Walk-behind mower – gas-powered, commercial-grade, minimum cutting width of 30 in., and of

suffi cient quality to effi ciently and neatly mow thick herbaceous vegetation.


1. Site access for mulching/edging shall be secured in accordance with section 3.4.


1. Permits and approvals for mulching/edging shall be obtained in accordance with section 3.5.


1. Weather:

Mulching/edging tasks shall not be carried out during heavy rain events or freezing conditions.

2. Slope:

When using a walk-behind mower, fl ail mower or tractor with brush hog, do not mow in close prox-

imity to a swale, steep slope, or any terrain where the control of the mower could be compromised.

Walk-behind mowers, riding mowers, or tractors with brush hogs shall not be used on any slope

greater than 15 degrees.


1. Implement pre- , during-, and post-maintenance event procedures as set forth in

section 3.5, as applicable.

2. Mulching:

Shredded hardwood mulch:

Apply a 3 in. thick layer of mulch extending from the edge of the tree pit or SMP to a radius of 6

in. from the stem of each plant.

Mulch shall not touch or be piled against any woody stem of a shrub or tree.

Mulch shall be applied in a neat and orderly manner.

Where there is more than a 1 in. drop from the edge of pavement to the mulch, add mulch to

reduce the gap to a minimum of 0.5 in. from the edge of pavement.

3. Edging:

Mown edging:

Mown edges shall range from approximately 1 ft. to 3 ft. in width, and shall be determined based

upon site-specifi c aesthetics, as intended by the planting arrangement.

Edges surrounding all SMPs shall be mown to a height of 2-4 in. Care shall be taken to not mow

too close to the ground, creating bare areas of soil.

Mown edges shall be even and orderly.

Landscape bed edging:

Position the landscape edger near the starting point.

Start by setting the depth control at shallow and follow with a deeper setting.

Run the edger in a smooth, continuous line to create a clearly defi ned edge of the surrounding

turf from the SMP.





Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

2.2.4 PLANTING/TRANSPLANTING


1. This section sets forth procedures and requirements for tree, shrub, herbaceous container, and her-

baceous plug planting and transplanting activities within SMPs. Work includes, but is not limited

to the following:

Preparation of areas for planting;

Excavation for plantings;

Furnishing and planting of specifi ed trees, shrubs, and herbaceous containers and plugs;

Procurement of plant material from nursery;

Pickup, delivery and installation of plant materials;

Appropriate storage and handling of plants onsite until time of planting;

Guaranteed warranties for all plant material; and

Final clean up and restoration of any disturbed areas during planting operations to the condition

prior to arrival.


1. Documentation for planting/transplanting shall conform to the requirements of section 3.1.

2. Installed plant list – A complete list of installed plants shall be submitted within seven (7) days of

completion of the plantings to the owner/operator.

The list shall include botanical and common names, variety, size, quantity, location within SMP,

and source of plant materials.

Any change from the originally specifi ed plants must be fully documented.


1. Planting/transplanting shall be conducted in accordance with health and safety requirements set


2.2.4.4 PERSONNEL

1. Personnel for planting/transplanting shall consist of the standard personnel for surface


2.2.4.5 MATERIALS


Plant materials:

Furnish and install plants and pre-tagged and approved trees complying with ANSI Z60.1 in

correct locations.

Plants shall be nursery grown under climatic conditions similar to those in the locality of the

project (defi ned as a 100 mile radius from the jobsite) and shall conform to the variety and sizes

indicated.

Plants shall conform to the indicated botanical names and standards of size, culture and quality

for the highest grades and standards as adopted by the ANSI Z60.1 - American Standard for

Nursery Stock.

Plants shall meet specifi ed sizes and be provided as plugs, container grown, fi eld potted, or fi eld

balled and burlapped materials as specifi ed.

Container grown materials shall be grown to specifi ed size in a container and shall be healthy,

vigorous, well rooted and established in the container in which they are growing.

Container grown plants shall have a well established root system reaching the sides of the con-

tainers to maintain a fi rm root ball, but shall not have excessive root growth encircling the inside

of the container.

Field potted materials shall be potted for delivery as they are dug from the fi eld.

Substitutions - Plants that are not available locally shall be placed in nurseries to a maximum

distance of a 100 mile radius from the City of Philadelphia.

Only when plants of kinds or sizes specifi ed are not available may substitutions be proposed upon

written request.



Plants larger than those shown in the planting schedule on the drawings may be used upon ap-

proval but use of such plants shall be at no additional cost.

If the use of larger plants is approved, the spread of roots or ball of earth shall be increased in

proportion to the size of the plant as approved and in accordance with ANSI Z60.1 and spread of

roots should be healthy with no girdling, advantageous, or bounding roots present.

Trees and container shrubs:

Single-stemmed tree species must have a single stem with a straight trunk, well–balanced crown,

and intact single leader.

Shrubs and multi-stemmed tree species must be multi-stemmed with a well-balanced crown.

Trees are to be a minimum of 1.00 in. to 1.25 in. caliper (measured 6 in. above ground level) un-

less otherwise specifi ed.

Shrubs must be in a 2 gal. container minimum and at least 3 to 4 ft. tall unless otherwise

specifi ed.

Branching height (height of the lowest living branch) must be 1/3 to 1/2 of tree height.

Plant material not obtained from an approved source is prohibited.

Herbaceous containers:

Herbaceous containers shall consist of only species specifi ed on the drawings, if applicable.

Same-species trays of herbaceous containers must be clearly labeled with the scientifi c name and

common name.

Herbaceous containers shall be healthy, vigorous, well rooted and established.

Herbaceous plugs shall have a well established root system, reaching the sides of the containers,

but shall not have excessive root growth encircling the inside of the container.

Herbaceous containerized plants shall be free from non-target vegetation and invasive species.

Soil within herbaceous containers shall be kept moist until planting.

Plant material not obtained from an approved source is prohibited.

Herbaceous plugs:

Herbaceous plugs shall consist of only species specifi ed herein and on the drawings, as applicable.

Same-species trays of herbaceous plugs must be clearly labeled with the scientifi c name and com-

mon name.

Herbaceous plugs shall be healthy, vigorous, well rooted and established. Herbaceous plugs shall

have a well established root system, reaching the sides of the containers, but shall not have exces-

sive root growth encircling the inside of the container.

Soil within herbaceous plug containers shall be kept moist until planting.

Herbaceous containerized plugs shall be free from non-target vegetation and invasive species.

Tree staking materials:

Hardwood stakes shall be 2 in. x 2 in. square wood, 6 ft. length, and chiseled on one end.

Staking ribbon shall be ArborTie®, or approved equivalent, fl at woven polypropylene material, 3/4

in. width, 900 lb. break strength, lock stitch with rounded weave.

Water:

See section 2.2.2.

Mulch:

See section 2.2.3.

Erosion blanket:

See section 2.1.2.

Soil amendments:

See section 2.2.9.

2.2.4.6 EQUIPMENT


Hand trowel;

Dibble bar (for plug plantings);

Shovel(s) – assorted shovels, of suffi cient size and strength to perform planting-related tasks,

which may include, but are not limited to the following types: digging, spade, scoop, and trowel;

Hammer or staple gun.




1. Site access for watering shall be secured in accordance with section 3.4.


1. Permits and approvals for watering shall be obtained in accordance with section 3.5.


1. Timing restrictions:

Perform planting only during fall (September 15 – December 15) or spring (March 15 – June 15)

and coordinate installation with maintenance periods to provide required maintenance activities

from date of all planting to date of project fi nal acceptance.

If Red maple, American hornbeam, Tulip poplar, hickories, American beech, Sassafras or Black gum

are to be planted, they must be planted in early spring when trees are dormant (have not leafed

out yet).

2. Soil conditions:

Under no circumstances shall planting soil be worked, handled, hauled, placed or compacted

under frozen or saturated conditions.

Soil removed from excavation activity shall be properly piled and covered for no more than two

weeks prior to installation to prevent excess moisture from saturating the stockpile.

Access over fi nished grade soils shall be restricted. If access is required across placed soils, the

personnel shall be required to rework compacted soil areas prior to fi ne grading to the full depth

of the placed soils.



applicable.

2. Delivery, storage, and handling of plants:

Materials shall not be dropped or dumped from vehicles. Materials shall be reviewed for compli-

ance with specifi ed requirements. Unacceptable materials shall be removed and disposed from the

job site. Materials shall be stored in designated areas.

Deliver plants freshly dug. Do not prune trees and shrubs, unless directed. Protect bark, branches,

and root system from sun scald, drying, sweating, whipping, and other handling and tying

damage. Do not bend or tie trees or shrubs in such a manner as to destroy their natural shape.

Provide protective covering of plants during delivery. Carefully handle all trees and shrubs during

delivery to avoid mechanical damage. Handle all planting stock by the root ball.

Planting shall be completed on the day of delivery unless otherwise approved. If planting is

delayed overnight, set plants in shade, protect from weather and mechanical damage and keep

roots moist. Keep plants thoroughly watered, and water suffi ciently so that the entire soil mass is

wet and water is draining out the pot bottom or root mass of balled and burlapped planting stock.

Secure plants from theft and vandalism. Method to be determined on a site by site basis.

No tree shall be planted if the root ball is cracked, broken, or dropped either before or during the

planting process.

3. Site and planting preparation:

Planting surfaces shall be free of ruts, compaction, gravel, or other construction related debris. All

areas to be planted shall conform to the fi nished grades as specifi ed on the plans and be free of

weeds, trash, debris, brush, clods, loose stones, construction debris, and other foreign materials

that would interfere with planting. All gullies, washes or disturbed areas that develop subsequent

to fi nal dressing shall be repaired prior to planting. If fi nished grades are not suitable for planting

prior to the beginning of work in each area the appropriate parties shall be notifi ed.

All plants shall be located based upon appropriate plans, if applicable, or as directed in the fi eld. If

any obstructions are encountered, adjustments shall be arranged and approved. All adjustments

to the plan must be authorized. No planting holes shall be excavated in advance of planting

operations. Each plant shall be planted in an individual hole as specifi ed.

Planting shall be completed within two (2) days following preparation of planting soil and ap-

plication of stapled erosion control blanket, if required. If more time elapses, then personnel are

responsible for regrading and loosening areas before planting.

Install plants after stapled erosion control blanket is installed, if required. This should be done

by cutting an incision in the blanket and digging a hole for each plug or plant that is the same

depth as the soil of the plug or potted plant. For plugs, a ‘dibble bar’ with the same diameter as

the plug can be used to create the hole, when punched through the blanket. For container plants,

the stapled erosion control blanket shall be cut in a circular shape to match the diameter of the

container. No natural fi ber mat erosion control blanket is to rest directly against any tree or plant

stem.

4. Installation of trees and shrubs:



Trees and shrubs are to be planted as shown in the landscaping drawings. The personnel shall not

deviate from the specifi ed speciation or planting locations unless approved or directed.

All planting pits shall be dug so the walls of pits are vertical or sloping outward. Scarify the walls

of the pit after digging.

Excavate the planting pit to at least 1-1/2 times the width of the root mass of the plant to be

installed.

The planting pit shall be deep enough to allow the top of the soil surface of the plant to be fl ush

with the existing grade after soil in the bottom of the hole is tamped.

Remove all debris from the pit and tamp loose soil in the bottom of the pit by hand.

Do not handle the plant by the branches, leaves or stem.

Remove plant from container and place straight in the center of the planting pit, carrying the plant

by the root mass. Never lift or carry a plant by the trunk or branches.

If a tree or shrub is balled and burlapped, carefully cut and remove burlap and wire baskets from

the rootball using the least amount of disturbance as possible. Cut and remove all ropes around

the burlapped ball. Remove all nails.

Backfi ll planting pit with soil and tamp fi rmly to fi ll all voids and air pockets. Do not over compact

soil. Make sure the plant remains straight during backfi lling/tamping procedure.

The top of the root mass of the trees/shrubs shall be fl ush with, or slightly elevated (no more than

1/4 in. height) above the fi nal grade. Do not cover stem with soil.

Water plants thoroughly immediately after planting to saturate backfi ll. See section 2.2.2.

A layer of mulch shall be placed around each tree and shrub installed to deter weed growth and

enhance establishment rates. Mulch shall be applied to a depth of 3 to 4 in. to a radius of ap-

proximately 24 in. from tree/shrub stem(s). No mulch is to rest directly against any tree/shrub stem.

See section 2.2.3.

Stakes shall only be installed on trees if directed. Hardwood stakes and ArborTie®, or approved

equivalent, shall be used along with an approved staking method.

No planting pits shall be left open at the close of each day.

Remove all tags, labels, strings and wire from the plant materials.

Promptly remove soil debris created by work from paved areas. Clean wheels of vehicles before

leaving site to avoid tracking soil onto roads, walks or other paved areas.

Final cleanup shall be the responsibility of the personnel and consist of removing all trash and

materials incidental to the project and disposing of them off-site.

5. Installation of herbaceous containers:

Dig the planting pit to at least 1 1/2 times the width of the root ball. For plugs, a dibble bar can

be used to create an opening in the soil.

Remove the plants and soil from the pots or plug trays and position in the holes so that the soil

level of each plant is fl ush with or slightly higher than (no more than 1/4 in.) the surrounding

fi nished grade soil surface. After planting, fi ll soil in around the plant completely, fi rming the soil

and ensuring there are no air pockets as plants are installed. When planted, cover the top of the

potted soil mix with about 1/2 in. of planting soil to match surrounding fi nished grades and help

reduce wicking of moisture out of the potted soil mix.

Water plants thoroughly immediately after planting to saturate backfi ll. See section 2.2.2.

Where specifi ed on the drawings, install mulch as specifi ed in section 2.2.3.


1. Reference standards:

American Association of Nurserymen (AAN).

ANSI Z60.1 American Standard for Nursery Stock.

Soil Science Society of America (SSSA) Methods of Soil Analysis, Parts 1, 2, 3 & 4.

American Society of Agronomy (ASA).

International Society of Arboriculture (ISA).

Philadelphia Complete Streets Design Handbook: 2012.

City of Philadelphia Stormwater Management Guidance Manual.

Pennsylvania Stormwater Best Management Practices Handbook.

Philadelphia Parks and Recreation Department Contractor Guidelines.

Philadelphia Streets Department, Standard Construction Items.

Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Form 408 Specifi cations.




All applicable drawings and schematics.

Plants and trees may be observed at supplier before delivery to site for compliance with require-

ments for genus, species, variety, size, and quality. Plants must be clearly labeled with scientifi c

and common names when delivered to the site. Substandard plants or trees for size and condition

of balls and root systems, insects, injuries and latent defects or defective material may be rejected

at any time during progress of work.

2.2.5 SEEDING


1. This Section sets forth procedures and requirements for seeding. Work related to seeding that

includes, but is not limited to the following:

Preparation of areas for seeding;

Furnishing and planting of seed and erosion and sediment control measures as necessary;

Maintenance of newly seeded areas; and

Final clean up and restoration of any disturbed areas during seeding operations to the original

condition.


1. Documentation for seeding shall conform to the requirements of section 3.1.

2. Provide a species composition list for each area that was seeded. Include scientifi c and common

names and percentages of each species within the mix. Label each list by the site and correspond-

ing feature ID. Any change from the originally specifi ed mix must be fully documented.

3. Accompany seed by certifi cation that verifi es it meets the requirements of this protocol.


1. Seeding shall be conducted in accordance with health and safety requirements


2.2.5.4 PERSONNEL

1. Personnel for seeding shall consist of the standard personnel for surface maintenance as defi ned

in section 3.3.

2.2.5.5 MATERIALS


Seed:

Seed shall be fresh, clean, and consistent with herbaceous vegetation specifi ed or native to the

area.

Seed shall meet the requirements of the Pennsylvania Seed Act (3 Pa. C.S.A. §§7101 – 7122).

Seed shall be labeled and furnished in containers with tags showing variety of seed in mixture,

purity, germination, weed content, name of seller, and date on which seed was tested.

Seed species shall conform to the mixes specifi ed. Any substitutions within seed mixes must be

approved.

Native Seed shall be certifi ed that the Pure Live Seed (PLS) percentage is as specifi ed. If the PLS is

less than specifi ed, the seeding rate shall be increased to compensate for the PLS difference at the

personnel expense.

Seed mixes shall be installed at individual rates specifi ed for each seed mix.

All seed and seed varieties must contain only species specifi ed and shall be free from Pennsylvania

prohibited noxious weed seeds as defi ned by the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture.

Establishment dressings must be one of the following, unless otherwise specifi ed:

Clean straw mulch free of noxious weeds with tackifi er added at specifi ed rates;

Biodegradable erosion control blanket; or

Bonded fi ber matrix (BFM), wood cellulose, or approved equivalent (for hydroseeding applications).

2.2.5.6 EQUIPMENT

The following equipment may be required for the execution of this task:

Cultipacker, or similar equipment;

Spreader;

Harrow or rake; and

Hydroseed tank, hoses, nozzles and related appurtenances (if applicable)




1. Timing restrictions:

Seeding shall only be performed in spring (March 1 - May 15) or Fall (August 15 - October 15).

No seeding shall be performed on frozen ground or when the temperature is 32 degrees F/0

degrees C or lower.

2. Soils:

Tilling, amending, regrading, or otherwise working the soil shall not occur when the soil is frozen

or saturated.


1. Implement pre-, during-, and post-maintenance event procedures as set forth in

section 3.5, as applicable.

2. Seedbed preparation:

Prior to site preparation, no herbicide shall be used without approval of type and methods.

All approved herbicides shall be applied by a licensed commercial applicator.

All areas to be seeded shall be well graded and free of all weeds, trash, debris, brush, clods, loose

stones, construction debris, and other foreign materials that would interfere with seeding.

All gullies, washes or disturbed areas shall be repaired prior to seeding.

Seedbed shall be scarifi ed prior to seeding using a harrow/rake.

If area to be seeded is in within the vicinity of trees and shrubs or a woodland opening, care shall

be taken to avoid damage to existing trunks and roots by using a hand rake or small rototiller to

prepare the site.

3. Seeding - general:

Seeding is to be performed only after all other work in an area is complete.

No fertilizer or lime shall be applied to any seeded areas, unless explicitly approved.

Preferred seeding methods shall be hand broadcast or hydro-seed. Any alternative seeding

methods or suggested changes to proposed seeding methods shall be approved prior to the start

of work.

All seeding equipment shall be calibrated before application so that the materials are applied

accurately and evenly to avoid misses and overlaps.

Seed installed by equipment shall be capable of placing seed at the specifi ed rate.

4. Seeding – hand broadcast:

Seed is to be uniformly distributed throughout the target area.

Seed shall be applied in two different directions.

Harrow or rake site following seeding.

Maximize the seed/soil contact by fi rming soil around the seed with a Cultipacker, other similar

equipment, or by dragging the surface with chain link fence. Do not cover seed with more than

1/4 in. of soil.

Immediately after initial seeding, watered seeded areas evenly and thoroughly – see section 2.2.2.

Mulch and tack all seeded areas within 12 hr. Place weed-free hay or straw uniformly, in a con-

tinuous blanket, approximately 3/4 to 1 1/2 in. loose layers, at a minimum rate of 2 tons per acre.

If directed, the Contractor shall increase the rate of application, depending upon the material used,

season, soil conditions, or method of application. Anchor mulch with tackifi er.

5. Seeding – hydro-seed:

Seed is to be uniformly and evenly applied across the entire disturbed area.

Seed-water mixture within the hydro-seeder tank should be applied no later than 1 hr. after the

seed is added to the tank.

Comply with equipment manufacturer’s installation instructions and recommendations. Use

approved hydro-spraying machines with fan-type nozzle.

Hydro-seed shall be applied using a two-step process to ensure good seed to soil contact:

Step 1: The fi rst coat shall be applied evenly and uniformly from opposing directions to the soil

surface to cover the entire area. The mix shall contain only the specifi ed seed mixtures at specifi ed

rates, hydroseed mulch at 500 lb. per acre (for visual metering only) and tackifi er at manufacturer

recommended rates.



Step 2: The second coat shall be applied evenly and uniformly on top of the fi rst coat, covering the

entire seeded area with an erosion resistant coating of mulch. This mix shall contain water, hydro-

seed mulch at 1,500 lb. per acre and tackifi er at manufacturer recommended rates.

6. Site clean-up:

After hydro-seed application, thoroughly fl ush the tank, pumps and hoses to remove all material.

Wash all material from the exterior of the machine and remove any slurry spills.

Do not allow seeded areas to be traffi cked or subjected to grazing.

7. Warranty:

Personnel are responsible for replacing any plantings that die as a result of improper or insuffi -

cient watering during the fi rst year.


1. Applicable Standards include, but are not limited to:

National Association of State Departments of Agriculture (NASDA) - Association of Offi cial Seed

Analysts (AOSA).

Pennsylvania Seed Act (3 Pa. C.S.A. §§7101 – 7122).

Pennsylvania Erosion and Sediment Control Standards.

2.2.6 TREE PRUNING


1. This section sets forth procedures and requirements for tree pruning.

2. This task includes work involved in the maintenance pruning and training of young trees and

specifi cally excludes pruning of trees within or near the vicinity of overhead wires.


1. Documentation for tree pruning shall conform to the requirements of section 3.1.

2. Provide daily reports of all vegetation pruned that includes the following: site and tree/shrub

identifi cation, species name, and summary of maintenance actions performed.


1. Tree pruning shall be conducted in accordance with health and safety requirements set forth in

section 3.2.

2. All equipment to be used and all work to be performed must be in full compliance with the most

current revision of the ANSI A-300 [Part 1] – 2008 and ANSI Z-133.1-2006 standards for tree care

operations.

3. Personnel shall not prune any trees located near or within electrical wires. Tree pruning near or

within electrical wires shall only be conducted by a qualifi ed line-clearance arborist, an individual

who, through related training and on-the-job experience, is familiar with the equipment and haz-

ards in line clearance and has demonstrated the ability to perform the special techniques involved.

This individual may or may not be currently employed by a line-clearance contractor.

4. This standard shall not take precedence over arboricultural safe work practices.

2.2.6.4 PERSONNEL

1. Personnel for tree pruning shall consist of the standard personnel for surface maintenance as


2. Work must be performed under the direction and supervision of a Certifi ed Arborist.

2.2.6.5 MATERIALS


Approved disinfectant – to sterilize pruning equipment.

2.2.6.6 EQUIPMENT


Sterilized hand saw, pruning pole saws, and pole clips;

Pruning shears and loppers – sharpened and sterilized;

Gas-powered chain saw in good repair, sharpened and with oil and gas;

Safety lines/ropes, saddles, lowering lines;

Cleanup tools such as rakes, shovels, brooms, etc.;

Power blower (gas);

One (1) aerial lift truck with dump box; and

One (1) chipper trailer type, either disc or drum. Minimum 12 knives. Chipper must be adequate to

complete pruning requirements.




1. Site access for tree pruning shall be secured in accordance with section 3.4.

2. Blocking of public streets shall not be permitted unless prior arrangements have been made with

the City, and coordination with appropriate departments has been established. Traffi c control is

the responsibility of personnel and shall be in compliance with state, country, and local highway

construction codes.

3. For lane or street closings, the personnel must contact:

Right of Way Unit, Room 940 Municipal Services Building

1401 J.F. Kennedy Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19102

Main Line (215) 686 – 5500

Right of Way Unit must have a minimum seventy-two (72) hours notifi cation prior to Street/lane

closure.


1. Permits and approvals for tree pruning shall be obtained in accordance with

section 3.5.


1. Protection of overhead utilities:

Personnel shall make arrangements with the utility company for removal of any limbs or branches,

which confl ict with overhead conductors and may create a hazardous situation during the course

of this contract.

The utility company shall be responsible for the removal of any limbs or branches which confl ict

with conductors.

Personnel may not commence with work until all potentially hazardous branches or limbs are

removed by the utility company.

Personnel shall contact the utility in suffi cient time to arrange for the required work by the utility

company, delays encountered by the personnel in waiting for the utility company to complete its

work shall still be the responsibility of the personnel conducting the work.



applicable.

2. In general, trees should be pruned when young to maximize healing of

pruning cuts.

3. Not more than 25 percent of the foliage should be removed within an annual growing season.

The percentage and distribution of foliage to be removed shall be adjusted according to the

plant’s species, age, and health, and per site conditions.

4. Not more than 25 percent of the foliage of a branch or limb should be removed when it is cut

back to a lateral. That lateral should be large enough to assume apical dominance.

5. Pruning shall be performed in accordance with PP&R Tree Pruning standards and with the latest

revision of the ANSI A3OO (Part 1) -2008, “Tree, Shrub and other Woody Plant Maintenance-

Standard Practices,” pp 4-8, Paragraph 5.1-5.4. If a confl ict is encountered, personnel shall notify

owner/operator immediately prior to commencing with work.

6. Pruning shall be performed in accordance with PP&R’s Procurement Department’s Standards

Specifi cation #26-R-4d:00.

7. All tree pruning/maintenance shall be performed in compliance with PP&R Tree Pruning

Specifi cation. All clearance requirements and a description of pruning are as listed below:

Elevate lower limbs: The extent of elevation depends on the size, species, and location of tree.

Remove all dead and dying branches and stubs more than 3/4 in. diameter, or more than 3 in.

long.

Laterally prune branches (to a lateral large enough to assume terminal role) (no stubs), only those

limbs that are directly interfering with objects such as street lights, all wires, buildings, utility poles,

etc.

Remove all rubbing and crossing limbs.

Do not prune any “suspected” dead trees. Any “suspected” dead trees shall be reported to the

Street Tree Management Division for inspection.

Overhead clearance requirements:

Elevation Requirements:

10 ft. over sidewalks;

12 ft. over regular streets; and



16 ft. over major highways.

Elevation heights are optimum clearances - elevation level must be adjusted so as not to deform

or injure tree.

Clearance from object requirements:

Laterally prune limbs that are directly interfering with or are within the prescribed clearance to

objects such as buildings, lights, traffi c control devices, utility poles and other obstacles as directed

by the City:

10 ft. from buildings, lights, traffi c control devices, etc.; and

12 ft. above roofs.

Clearances are optimum standards - clearances must be adjusted as needed so as not to deform

or unduly injure trees.


1. Reference standards include, but are not limited to:

All equipment to be used and all work to be performed must be in full compliance with the most

current revision of the ANSI A-300 [Part 1] – 2008 and ANSI Z-133.1-2006 standards for tree care

operations.

Pruning shall be done in accordance with the latest revision of the ANSI A3OO (Part 1) -2008,

“Tree, Shrub and other Woody Plant Maintenance-Standard Practices,” pp 4-8, Paragraph 5.1-5.4.

(Use ANSI Standards as a reference).

2.2.7 CHEMICAL VEGETATION CONTROL


1. This section sets forth procedures and requirements for chemical vegetation control.


1. Documentation for chemical vegetation control shall conform to the requirements of section 3.1.

2. Additionally, submit the following information to the owner/operator within 24 hr.:

Date of application, and for pesticides specifying a reentry period, the hour of completion;

Name and address of the application site (commercial applicators must also record the name and

address of the customer if it differs from the application site);

The brand name, EPA registration number, amount, and rate or dosage of each pesticide used;

Size and identifi cation of the area treated;

Names and certifi cation numbers of all persons involved with the application; and

Application records must also include restricted reentry interval and vegetation treated.


1. Chemical vegetation control shall be conducted in accordance with health and safety


2. All herbicides shall be applied per label-specifi c safety instructions and manufacturer’s directions.

3. Personnel shall comply with directions on all herbicide label sheets, MSDS sheets, and other

applicable sources, as well as all applicable codes and regulations.

2.2.7.4 MATERIALS


Herbicide or other approved chemical treatment – frequently used herbicides include, but are not

limited to:

Rodeo® or approved equivalent – glyphosate based, for emerged aquatic vegetation control

(systemic and will travel from foliar application to penetrate plant root systems most successfully if

applied in early fall, to help prevent re-establishment the following year);

Round-up PRODry® or approved equivalent – glyphosate based, for non-aquatic invasive/non-tar-

get species control (systemic and will travel from foliar application to penetrate plant root systems

most successfully if applied in early fall, to help prevent re-establishment the following year); and

Scythe® or approved equivalent – a fatty acid based, non-selective, contact herbicide for top kill

of perennial species (is not systemic, will only destroy the plant tissue in contact with the chemical

and will not penetrate to the roots of the plants).

Potable Water

Potable water shall be clean and free of toxic substances.

2.2.7.5 EQUIPMENT



1. The following equipment is required for execution of this task:

Applicators and calibrated equipment for herbicides– sprayer, wick, injector, etc. as specifi ed in

manufacturer’s instructions; and

Storage containers for herbicides, as specifi ed in manufacturer’s instructions.

2.2.7.6 PERSONNEL

1. Personnel performing chemical vegetation control shall include at a minimum:

A Pennsylvania Certifi ed Pesticide Applicator or Registered Technician who is under the supervi-

sion of a Pennsylvania Certifi ed Pesticide Applicator that can be on site within fi ve (5) hours if

necessary; and

A Noncertifi ed Applicator under the direct supervision of a Pennsylvania Certifi ed Pesticide

Applicator who is physically present and within sight of the application being made.


1. Site access for chemical vegetation control shall be secured in accordance with section 3.4.


1. Permits and approvals for chemical vegetation control shall be obtained in accordance

with section 3.5.


1. Weather and timing:

Chemical vegetation control shall be performed during periods of dry and windless weather.


1. Implement pre-, during-, and post-maintenance event procedures as set forth in section 4.6,

as applicable.

2. General procedure:

Notifi cation

Notify the owner/operator no less than three (3) business days prior to treating an area with any

herbicide;

Notify anyone listed on the Pennsylvania Pesticide Hypersensitivity Registry whose location is

within 500 ft. of an herbicide application site not less than 12 hr. in advance, but not more than

72 hr. prior to application. Notifi cation must be made via email, a telephone answering device, or

by giving information to an adult contacted by dialing any of the listed telephone numbers;

Include the following in the hypersensitivity notifi cation information: date, time, location of

application, EPA registration number, brand name, common name of active ingredients of the

herbicide(s) that may be used, business name, BU number, business phone number, and a copy of

the label if requested.

Prepare herbicide solution as per manufacturer’s specifi cations prior to arriving on site;

Apply the herbicide according to manufacturer’s instructions and recommended safety procedures;

To minimize risk of herbicide spillage, open containers are not to be used on the site during the

application process.

In the event that the herbicide is spilled, follow appropriate safety protocols for cleanup and

notifi cation of appropriate parties; and

Avoid introducing herbicide agents into native plant areas or onto target plants;

Follow manufacturer and safety specifi cations for pesticide clean-up and disposal.

3. Procedures for specifi c treatments:

Cut stem treatments

Protocol to be developed.

Foliar treatments


Basal bark treatments




United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Invasive Species Information Center:

(www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/unitedstates/pa.shtml)



Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR) Invasive Plants: http://

www.dcnr.state.pa.us/forestry/plants/invasiveplants/index.htm

Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection: www.depweb.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/

community/dep_home/5968

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA): www.epa.gov/caddis/ssr_herb_int.html

The Pennsylvania Pesticide Control Act of 1973 (3 P. S. § § 111.21—111.61).

Chapter 128. Pesticides, Pennsylvania Code

Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences Pennsylvania Pesticide Applicator Certifi cation

program:

www.extension.psu.edu/pests/pesticide-education/applicators/certifi cation/brochure

Links to access pesticide labels and MSDSs online include, but are not limited to (as transcribed

from the Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences Penn State Extension: Pesticide Education –

www.extension.psu.edu/pests/pesticide-education/applicators/labels-and-msdss):

National Pesticide Information Retrieval System (NPIRS) State Registration Data: www.state.ceris.

purdue.edu/

The GreenBook: www.greenbook.net/

Crop Data Management Systems: www.cdms.net/LabelsMsds/LMDefault.aspx

Search for Pesticide Products Using Multiple Variables: www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/label/m4.htm

Household Products Database: www.householdproducts.nlm.nih.gov/

Vermont SIRI MSDS Index: www.hazard.com/msds/index.php

List of MSDS Databases: www.jrm.phys.ksu.edu//Safety/msds.html

EXTOXNET: www.extoxnet.orst.edu/ghindex.html

Fact sheets on pesticide-related topics can be found at the following website from the Penn State

College of Agricultural Sciences Penn State Extension:

www.extension.psu.edu/pests/pesticide-education/applicators/fact-sheets

Pest management resources from the Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences Penn State

Extension can be found at:

www.extension.psu.edu/pests

Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources Forest Pest Insects and Disease:

www.dcnr.state.pa.us/forestry/insectsdisease/index.htm



Table 2-2. Recommended Chemical Vegetation Control Treatments for Commonly-Found Invasive/Non-target Vegetation in Philadelphia Stormwater Management Practices

Species Recommended Treatment Minimum Frequency Comments

Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum) Chemical treatment (cut stem treatment in spring

followed by foliar application to new growth in

late summer) (section 2.2.7.10)

Cut stem application monthly from April through

August

Foliar application once in August

N.A.

Thistle (Cirsium sp. and Carduus sp.) Chemical treatment (section 2.2.7.10) Monthly for 1-3 months from March through July

(bud to bloom)

Both native and introduced species are present

in Pennsylvania and identifi cation between these

species is diffi cult.

Phragmites (Phragmites australis) Chemical treatment (section 2.2.7.10)

followed by mechanical vegetation control

(section 2.2.1.10 C)

Apply chemical treatment annually (late July

through October)

Mechanical removal should occur 6-8 weeks post

chemical treatment

If found in large stands, mowing is more effective

than hand pulling or cutting.

Killing and cutting down vegetation does not

ensure vegetation will not return. More stringent

measures must be taken if complete removal is

desired.

Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera), Tree

of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima), Princess tree

(Paulownia tomentosa), Mimosa tree (Albizia

julibrissin)

Hand removal (section 2.2.1.10) when seedling,

otherwise chemical treatment (cut stem treat-

ment) (section 2.2.7.10)

Monthly from April through October Cut stem application is most effective during the

growing season (April through August)



2.2.8 PESTICIDE PEST/DISEASE MANAGEMENT


1. This section sets forth procedures and requirements for pest/disease management.


1. Documentation for pesticide pest/disease management shall conform to the requirements

of section 3.1.

2. Additionally, submit the following information to the owner/operator within 24 hr.:

Date of application, and for pesticides specifying a reentry period, the hour of completion;

Name and address of the application site (Commercial applicators must also record the name and

address of the customer if it differs from the application site);

The brand name, EPA registration number, amount, and rate or dosage of each pesticide used;

Size and identifi cation of the area treated;

Names and certifi cation numbers of all persons involved with the application; and

Application records must also include restricted reentry interval and vegetation treated.


1. Pesticide pest/disease management shall be conducted in accordance with health and safety


2. Pesticides shall be applied per label-specifi c safety instructions and manufacturer’s directions.

3. Personnel shall comply with directions on all pesticide label sheets, MSDS sheets, and other

applicable sources, as well as all applicable codes and regulations.

2.2.8.4 PERSONNEL

1. Personnel performing pesticide pest/disease management shall include at a minimum:

A Pennsylvania Certifi ed Pesticide Applicator or Registered Technician who is under the supervision

of a Pennsylvania Certifi ed Pesticide Applicator that can be on site within fi ve (5) hours if neces-

sary; and

A Noncertifi ed Applicator under the direct supervision of a Pennsylvania Certifi ed Pesticide

Applicator who is physically present and within sight of the application being made.

2.2.8.5 MATERIALS


Approved pesticides, including but not limited to:

Imidacloprid –systemic insecticide; can be applied by soil injection, tree injection, application to

the skin of the plant, broadcast foliar, granular or liquid soil application, or coated seeds.

2.2.8.6 EQUIPMENT


Applicators and injectors for administering pesticide, as specifi ed in manufacturer’s instructions;

and

Storage containers for pesticides, as specifi ed in manufacturer’s instructions.


1. Site access for pesticide pest/disease management shall be secured in accordance

with section 3.4.


1. Permits and approvals for pesticide pest/disease management shall be obtained in accordance

with section 3.4.1.


Chemical pest control shall be performed during periods of dry and calm weather.



as applicable.

2. General procedure:

Notifi cation

Notify the owner/operator no less than three (3) business days prior to treating an area with any

pesticide.



Notify anyone listed on the Pennsylvania Pesticide Hypersensitivity Registry whose location is

within 500 ft. of an herbicide application site not less than 12 hr. in advance, but not more than

72 hr. prior to application. Notifi cation must be made via email, a telephone answering device, or

by giving information to an adult contacted by dialing any of the listed telephone numbers.

Include the following in the hypersensitivity notifi cation information: date, time, location of appli-

cation, EPA registration number, brand name, common name of active ingredients of the herbicide

(s) that may be used, business name, BU number, business phone number, and a copy of the label

if requested.

Prepare pesticide solution as per manufacturer’s specifi cations prior to arriving on site.

Apply the pesticide according to manufacturer’s instructions and recommended safety procedures.

To minimize risk of pesticide spillage, open containers are not to be used on the site during the

application process.

In the event that the pesticide is spilled, follow appropriate safety protocols for cleanup and

notifi cation of appropriate parties.

Avoid introducing pesticide onto unaffected vegetation or areas of the plant that will not respond

to treatment.

Follow manufacturer and safety specifi cations for pesticide clean-up and disposal.



The Pennsylvania Pesticide Control Act of 1973 (3 P. S. § § 111.21—111.61).

Chapter 128. Pesticides, Pennsylvania Code

Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences Pennsylvania Pesticide Applicator Certifi cation

program:

www.extension.psu.edu/pests/pesticide-education/applicators/certifi cation/brochure

Potential links to access pesticide labels and MSDSs online include (as transcribed from the Penn

State College of Agricultural Sciences Penn State Extension: Pesticide Education – www.extension.

psu.edu/pests/pesticide-education/applicators/labels-and-msdss) :

National Pesticide Information Retrieval System (NPIRS) State Registration Data: www.state.ceris.

purdue.edu/

The GreenBook: www.greenbook.net/

Crop Data Management Systems: www.cdms.net/LabelsMsds/LMDefault.aspx

Search for Pesticide Products Using Multiple Variables: www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/label/m4.htm

Household Products Database: www.householdproducts.nlm.nih.gov/

Vermont SIRI MSDS Index: http://hazard.com/msds/index.php

List of MSDS Databases: http://jrm.phys.ksu.edu//Safety/msds.html

EXTOXNET: http://extoxnet.orst.edu/ghindex.html

Fact sheets on pesticide-related topics can be found at the following website from the Penn State

College of Agricultural Sciences Penn State Extension:

www.extension.psu.edu/pests/pesticide-education/applicators/fact-sheets

Pest management resources from the Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences Penn State

Extension can be found at:

www.extension.psu.edu/pests

Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources Forest Pest Insects and Disease:

www.dcnr.state.pa.us/forestry/insectsdisease/index.htm

Fairmount Park – Street Tree Management Division

Hours: 7:00 am – 3:30 pm Monday through Friday except City holidays

215.685.4363 – [email protected]

www.fairmountpark.org/StreetTreeIntro.asp

For alleyway trees only, call 215.683.0222


All applicable state, local, and federal regulations.



2.2.9 SOIL MANAGEMENT


1. This section sets forth procedures and requirements for testing and analysis for

determining the need for organic soil amendments and for applying organic soil amendments.

2. Inorganic fertilizer is intentionally excluded from this section and shall not be used,

unless specifi cally approved for special circumstances.


1. Documentation for soil management shall conform to the requirements of section 3.1.

2. Soil test results/reports are required prior to the use of amendments. The soil test report shall

include the basic fertility of the soil, including the amount of potassium, calcium, phosphorous,

and magnesium, as well as the pH level. The fi nal report should include the chemical analysis of

the soil.

2.2.9.3 PERSONNEL

1. Personnel for soil management shall consist of an Environmental Scientist or Engineer as defi ned

in section 3.3.


1. Soil management shall be conducted in accordance with health and safety requirements set forth

in section 3.2.

2.2.9.5 MATERIALS

1. The following materials are required to execute this task:

Organic soil amendments including, but are not limited to the following:

Grass clippings (cut prior to seedhead formation) – to increase organic matter and moisture

retention;

Compost (weed-free) – to increase organic matter and moisture retention;

Shredded leaves – to increase organic matter and moisture retention (avoid walnut, eucalyptus,

and camphor laurel leaves, as well a s any invasive species leaves);

Pine needles – to increase acidity and organic matter;

Sand – to increase permeability; and

Mycorrhizal fungi – to encourage the surface absorbing area of plant roots, and in turn, aid

in nutrient uptake and improved ability of the plant to access soil resources. Mycorrhizal fungi

are very common in high quality, undisturbed soils, but are signifi cantly less abundant in highly

disturbed urban soils.

2.2.9.6 EQUIPMENT

1. The following equipment is required to implement this task:

Soil test kit – each test kit should include directions for taking the sample, paperwork for the

report, a sample bag, and mailer.

Shovel(s) – assorted shovels, of suffi cient size and strength to perform related tasks, which may

include, but are not limited to the following types: digging, trenching, spade, scoop, scraper, post-

hole digger, and trowel;

Tarp or bin for storing amendments;

Wheelbarrow;

Rake of suffi cient strength for spreading soil amendments; and

Heavy equipment as required to haul and spread amendments.


1. Site access for soil management shall be secured in accordance with section 3.4.


1. Permits and approvals for soil management shall be obtained in accordance with section 3.4.1.


1. Weather:

Soil tests or soil amendment application shall not be administered during rain events or when soil

is frozen.



as applicable.



2. Order the soil test kit - available from the Penn State Cooperative Extension Laboratory Services

Soil Testing Philadelphia County Extension, or other sources.

3. Take soil samples per the directions within the test kit. Label and package

according to the directions within the test kit and send to the lab for analysis.

4. Based on report results and in consultation with a landscape professional, select appropriate

soil amendments.

5. Obtain approval from owner/operator prior to adding any soil amendments.

6. Apply and spread soil amendments per recommended methods and using appropriate quantities.

Soil amendments shall be spread evenly over the target area, avoiding clumping or piling of mate-

rial, and taking care not to injure target vegetation.

If amendments are being applied to vegetated areas, spreading shall be performed by hand.



Soil analysis methods, as summarized by the Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences Agricultural

Analytical Services Lab: www.aasl.psu.edu/soil_methods.htm

2.3 SUBSURFACE MAINTENANCE

2.3.1 VACUUM CLEANING


1. This section describes the protocol for maintenance of subsurface structural features using vacuum

cleaning equipment. The task includes vacuum cleaning structures to remove trash/sediment/or-

ganic debris and to dewater a drainage system.


1. Documentation for vacuum cleaning shall conform to the requirements of section 3.1.

2. If vacuum cleaning involves the use of a city fi re hydrant, a monthly hydrant report shall be pre-

pared and submitted to PWD by owner/operator.


1. Vacuum cleaning shall be conducted in accordance with health and safety requirements set forth

in section 3.2.

2. In addition, the following mechanical equipment requirements shall be followed:

When hydraulically propelled cleaning tools (which depend upon water pressure to provide their

cleaning force) or tools which retard the fl ow in the pipe line are used, precautions shall be taken

to ensure that the water head pressure does not damage or cause fl ooding of public or private

property being served by the storm sewer.

When hydraulically propelled cleaning tools are used, all access structures that are not used as

entry points shall be closed, secured by screws, screw caps, or weight (minimum 40 lbs.) and be

cordoned off using safety cones or warning tape.

2.3.1.4 PERSONNEL

1. Personnel for vacuum cleaning tasks shall consist of the standard personnel for subsurface


2.3.1.5 MATERIALS


Hydrant operation report form;




Duct tape (1 roll);

Potable municipal or well water and/or harvested rainwater suffi cient cleaning activities, as

required;

Rock salt (winter only) (1-50 lbs. bag);

All-purpose rags (10); and

Electrical tape (1 roll).

2.3.1.6 EQUIPMENT


Vacuum cleaning equipment:

Vacuum or jet/vac truck with the following minimum specifi cations:



Vacuum fl ow of 2600 cf per minute (cfm);

Vacuum lift of 22 in. of mercury (HG);

600 gal. or 3 cy debris tank with strainer and decanting valve;

600 gal. integrated water tank; and

200 ft. of vacuum tubes ranging from 4 in. to 8 in.

Portable vacuum excavator with minimum specifi cations:

Vacuum fl ow of 850 cfm;

Vacuum lift of 22 in. HG;

85 gal. debris storage tank with additional 150 gal. of storage capacity within barrels. Storage

tank shall be equipped with strainer and decanting valve;

Air compressor with 185 cfm at 100 psi, or greater as per portable vacuum excavator required

power specifi cations;

Approved portable water tank (250 gal. minimum), hose with appropriate nozzles, and truck of

suffi cient capacity to support a water tank without compromising safety or causing a hazard (if

hydrant access is not available);

200 ft. of vacuum tubes ranging from 1 in. to 6 in; and

High-velocity water gun or air lance and associated hose and appurtenances for power cleaning

structure walls and fl oor.

Hand tools as necessary for assembling and disassembling tubes and hoses;


25 ft. tape measure and/or measuring tape;

Chisel and mallet or hammer;

Set of standard and metric socket wrenches;


Manhole hooks;

Crowbar;

Confi ned space entry harness, tripod, and air monitor as per OSHA standards.


Assorted metric and standard wrenches and Allen wrenches;

Square key to open covers that are secured, such as cleanout caps or riser covers;

Shovel, spades and/or push broom to remove trash/sediment/ organic debris generated from

maintenance tasks;

Measuring wheel to determine distances between structures;

Ladder;




backfl ow assemblies (http://www.phila.gov/water/pdfs/Backfl owAssembly2010.pdf); and




1. Site access for vacuum cleaning shall be secured in accordance with section 3.4.


1. Permits and approvals for vacuum cleaning shall be obtained in accordance with section 3.4.1.


1. Vacuum cleaning shall not be performed within 48 hrs. of a signifi cant (>1.0 in.) rainfall event

unless approved by the owner/operator. This 48 hrs. threshold is based on typical drawdown times

of GSI practices.



as applicable.

Determination of appropriate equipment for cleaning shall be made prior to maintenance of each

structure so that appropriate equipment is transported to the site.



Confi rm that the vacuum/jetter equipment waste storage tank is free of debris from another

site or project. If required by owner/operator, take a time stamped photograph of empty storage

tanks.




3. Remove trash/sediment/organic debris from access and fl ow control/conveyance structures.

Sweep or vacuum access or fl ow control/conveyance structure grate and surrounding area collect-

ing trash/sediment/organic debris at least 4 ft. from the structure on all sides.

Open access points (access or fl ow control/conveyance structures), remove pretreatment devices

(for example, inlet inserts, screens, etc.) and open traps, as necessary, to access structures.

Remove trash, sediment, and organic debris from pretreatment devices prior to removal of trash/

sediment/ organic debris from the fl ow control/conveyance structure.

If the pretreatment device is not permanently attached to the structure, remove the pretreat-

ment device from the structure by hand or with specialized pretreatment device removal tools, if

available.

If removing by hand, remove enough material from the device to achieve a liftable weight (based

on surface maintenance personnel judgment) prior to lifting. Once removed, invert and shake or

gently tap the device and spray device with water until all material has been removed.

If performed prior to vacuum cleaning of the fl ow control/conveyance structure, trash/sediment/

organic debris from the pretreatment device may be emptied into the fl ow control/conveyance

structure.

Prior to vacuum cleaning fl ow control/conveyance structure, trash/sediment/ organic debris from

at least 5 ft. on either side of the fl ow control/conveyance structure should be swept into the fl ow

control/conveyance structure.

Loosen compacted sediment on structure with high-velocity water gun or air lance.

Vacuum structures, removing all trash/sediment/organic debris down to the structure sump.

For inlets that connect to the combined sewer, inlets must be refi lled with water up to the top of

the trap opening to prevent the escape of sewer gases.

4. If dewatering a conveyance pipe, then:

Insert the vacuum hose at the most downstream access point, if possible;

Seal other access points to maximize suction; and

Vacuum conveyance pipe until structure is dewatered.

5. Inspect structure to ensure all traps are closed and pretreatment/screens are latched and/or

correctly installed prior to closing access points.

6. Follow guidelines for WASTE DISPOSAL AND DECANTING (Section 2.4) when removing sediment/

trash/organic debris from the site.



National Association of Sewer Service Companies (NASSCO) Manual of Practices Wastewater

Collection Systems;

NASSCO Specifi cation Guidelines for Sewer Line Ccleaning ;and

PWD Sewer Assessment Program Cleaning Training Manual;

2.3.2 JETTING


1. This section describes the protocol for maintenance of subsurface structural

features using jetting equipment. The task includes high-pressure cleaning or “fl ushing” of struc-

tures to remove trash/sediment/organic debris, roots and other obstructions or deposits (Figure 2.1

and 2.2.)


1. Documentation for jetting shall conform to the requirements of section 3.1.

2. If jetting involves the use of a city fi re hydrant, a monthly hydrant report shall be prepared and

submitted to PWD by owner/operator.


1. Jetting shall be conducted in accordance with health and safety requirements set forth in section

3.2.



Domed RiserControl Structure

Figure 2.1. Typical Procedure for Jetting from a Control Structure with a Weir Figure 2.2. Typical Procedure for Jetting from a Domed Riser Access Point



2.3.2.4 PERSONNEL

1. Personnel for jetting tasks shall consist of the standard personnel for subsurface maintenance as


2.3.2.5 MATERIALS


Hydrant operation report form;



Duct tape (1 roll);

Potable municipal or well water and/or harvested rainwater suffi cient cleaning activities, as

required;

Rock salt (winter only) (1-50 lbs. bag);

All-purpose rags (10); and

Electrical tape (1 roll).

2.3.2.6 EQUIPMENT


Vacuum/jetter equipment:

Jet/vac truck with the following minimum specifi cations:

Hose reel with 600 ft. of 1 in. jetter hose capacity;

Water pump with fl ow of 80 gal. per minute (gpm) @ 2000 pounds per square in. (psi);

600 gal. integrated water tank;

600 ft. of 1 in. jetter hose;

300 ft. of 5/8 in. jetter hose; and

300 ft. of 3/8 in. jetter hose.

Portable jetter with the following minimum specifi cations:

Hose reel with of 250 ft. of 3/8 in. jetter hose capacity;

Water pump with fl ow of 12 gpm and pressure of 2,000 psi;

250 ft. of 3/8 in. jetter hose; and

Approved portable water tank (250 gal. minimum), hose with appropriate nozzles, and truck of

suffi cient capacity to support a water tank without compromising safety or causing a hazard.

Assortment of jetter nozzles appropriate for the hose diameter and water pump pressure of

the vacuum/jetter equipment. Exact size of the necessary nozzles shall be determined prior to

maintenance by the vacuum/jetter operator; nozzles must include at least one of each type of the

following:

Flushing nozzle;

Penetrating nozzle; and

Rotating nozzle.

Flexible hose guard to protect jetter hose from abrasion; and

High-velocity water gun or air lance and associated hose and appurtenances for power cleaning

structure walls and fl oor.

Hand tools as necessary for assembling and disassembling hoses;


25 ft. tape measure and/or measuring tape;

Chisel and small hammer;

16 lb. sledge hammer;

Set of standard and metric socket wrenches;


Manhole hooks;

Crowbar;

Confi ned space entry harness, tripod, and air monitor as per OSHA standards;




Assorted metric and standard wrenches and Allen wrenches;

Brick hammer;

(3) 8 in. pipe wrenches;

10 in. adjustable wrench;

12 in. adjustable wrench;

10 in. straight screwdrivers;

Square key to open covers that are secured, such as cleanout caps or riser covers;

Round-mouth shovel, spades and/or push broom to remove trash/sediment/organic debris

generated from maintenance tasks;

Measuring wheel to determine distances between structures; and

Ladder.


1. Site access for vacuum cleaning shall be secured in accordance with section 3.4.


1. Permits and approvals for vacuum cleaning shall be obtained in accordance with section 3.4.1.


1. Routine vacuum cleaning shall not be performed within 48 hrs. of a signifi cant (>1.0 in.) rainfall

event unless approved by the owner/operator. This 48 hrs. threshold is based on typical drawdown

times of GSI practices.



as applicable.

2. Confi rm that the vacuum/jetter equipment waste storage tank is free of debris from another site

or project. If required by owner/operator, take a time stamped photograph of empty storage tanks.

3. Open access points (access or fl ow control/conveyance structures), remove pretreatment devices

(for example, inlet inserts, screens, etc.) and open traps, as necessary, to access structures.




5. Position jet/vac truck so that reel is adjacent to manhole, if possible.

6. Remove trash/sediment/organic debris from access and fl ow control/conveyance structures that

serve as access points for jetting (Figure 2.3 and Figure 2.4, see section 2.3.1), if necessary.

7. Select appropriate nozzle (see section 38):

Before installing nozzle, always run water through the hose.

If material to be cleaned is known, select appropriate nozzle; if not, initially use a penetrating type

nozzle until material is determined.

8. Jet conveyance pipes:

If jetting through fl ow control/conveyance structure, fi rst attempt jetting from the most down-

stream structure.

Insert vacuum tube in the structure from which conveyance pipe will be accessed, and vacuum

material generated from pipe cleaning throughout jetting procedure (see section 2.3.1).

Insert jetter hose into the pipe through the fl exible hose guard.

Insert fl exible hose guard in the pipe to guide the jetter hose and prevent wear from friction.

If personnel must enter fl ow control/conveyance structure to position the jetter hose, confi ned

space equipment protocols must be followed (see section 3.3).

Verify that all structures not used as access points are closed, secured, and cordoned off.

Start high-pressure pump after ensuring the nozzle is fully inserted in the pipe.

Jet conveyance pipe structures moving trash/sediment/organic debris toward the access point for

vacuuming and performing as many passes as necessary to clean the structure.

During cleaning, keep the nozzle moving and the water pump operating to prevent damage to

pipe.

Stop maintenance immediately if indications of structural damage or failure are observed (for

example, infi ltration bed stone is removed during jetting). Report observation to owner/operator

immediately.



ManholeInlet

Figure 2.3.Typical Procedure for Jetting and Vacuuming from an Inlet

Figure 2.4. Typical Procedure for Jetting and Vacuuming from a Manhole



Jet conveyance pipe until jetting water is clear, unless otherwise instructed by owner/operator.

If pipe cannot be cleaned successfully using initial equipment and techniques, attempt cleaning

with additional equipment (for example, other combinations of jetter hose diameter, nozzles, and/

or pressure) or from alternative access points.

If pipe has large quantities of debris, is long (for example, over 200 ft.) and/or must be jetted

from an upstream access point, perform multiple short passes that remove trash/sediment/organic

debris in sections starting closest to the access point.

Decrease pressure and/or reduce jetter hose diameter to maneuver jetter through sharp bends or

bends in close proximity (in other words, less than 5 ft. apart).

If the alternative access point is an upstream cleanout structure, fl ush conveyance pipe using a

jetter hose and no nozzle to loosen and push deposits and large debris to the downstream access

point.

If the nozzle becomes trapped in the pipe, shut off water supply and attempt to pull it back with

the hose reel. If this does not work, turn on the water supply, send the nozzle to the upstream

manhole for removal, and then pull back the jetter hose with the hose reel.

If a cleanout must be used as an access structure:

Insert a fl exible vacuum hose, with a diameter only slightly smaller than access structure, into

cleanout, sealing the area around the hose to maximize suction power.

Cut a small window into the side of the vacuum hose.

Insert the jetter hose into the opening in the vacuum hose.

Vacuum and jet the pipe (Figure 2.5).

If signifi cant blockages are encountered:

Select an appropriate penetrating nozzle.

If nozzle will not move forward, pull back a few feet and let go to sling-shot against the blockage.

This pulsating action on nozzle should be used only for extremely heavy blockages.

Once the blockage has been removed, shut down the pressure, wait until fl ow subsides, and then

make a couple of passes to ensure the pipe is free of blockages.

Change the nozzle as needed, and re-clean the pipe where blockage was fi rst identifi ed.

Verify that conveyance pipe is free of trash/sediment/organic debris using closed-circuit television

(CCTV) post-maintenance.

If conveyance pipe is not free of trash/sediment/organic debris, then repeat jetting procedures.

9. Flushing subsurface storage units:

Plug the outlet control structure to contain waste water during procedure.

Insert vacuum tube into the outlet control structure, if applicable, or the most downstream access

point. Begin vacuuming (see section 2.3.1) only after a minimum 1 in. of water has been fl ushed

into system and a sustained fl ow of water is entering the system.

Pump water, at a high fl ow rate using a hydrant or jetter hose, through access structure until

water level in the system is at least 1 in., or as specifi ed by manufacturer’s guidelines.

Repeat for all available access structures.

Vacuum all waste water from outlet control structure or most downstream access point.

Verify that subsurface storage unit is free of trash/sediment/organic debris using CCTV

post-maintenance.

If subsurface storage unit is not free of trash/sediment/organic debris, then repeat fl ushing

procedures.

10. Inspect structure to ensure all access points and traps are closed and pretreatment/screens are

latched and/or correctly installed prior to closing access points.






Collection Systems;

NASSCO Specifi cation Gudelines for sewer line cleaning; and

PWD Sewer Assessment Program Cleaning Training Manual;

2.4 WASTE DISPOSAL AND DECANTING

2.4.1 WASTE DISPOSAL


1. This section describes the protocol for the disposal of non-hazardous waste materials generated or

collected during the performance of vegetation, surface structure and/or subsurface maintenance

activities. The task includes proper containment, transport and disposal of waste material.


1. Documentation for waste disposal shall conform to the requirements of section 3.1.

2. In addition, the following information shall be provided to the owner/operator:

Type and quantity of waste material;

Name and address of collection site(s);

Name and address of disposal site;

Dates that the waste accumulation started and ended, and date the material was disposed; and

Laboratory analytical data, if any, for waste characterization, if waste disposal is at a site not

owned by the owner/operator.


1. Waste disposal shall be conducted in accordance with health and safety requirements set forth in

section 3.2.

2.4.1.4 PERSONNEL

1. Personnel for waste disposal tasks shall consist of the personnel that performed the maintenance

task that generated the waste material.

Cleanout

Figure 2.5. Typical Procedure for Vacuuming and Jetting form a Cleanout Access Structure



2.4.1.5 MATERIALS





Duct tape (1 roll);

Rock salt (winter only) (1-50 lb. bag);

All-purpose rags (10);

Holding tank equipped with fi lters or baffl es to facilitate removal of sediments; and

Silt sock to contain waste at disposal site.

2.4.1.6 EQUIPMENT


Hydraulic lift and dolly to move contained material from vehicle to disposal location, if necessary;

Holding tank equipped with fi lters or baffl es to facilitate removal of sediments;

Silt sock to contain waste at disposal site;

10 megapixel digital camera with spare batteries; and

Shovel, spades and/or push broom to remove debris and trash generated from maintenance tasks.


1. Site access for waste disposal shall be secured in accordance with section 3.4.


1. Permits and approvals for waste disposal shall be obtained in accordance with section 3.4.1.


1. N.A.



applicable.

2. Collect the material removed during the maintenance operation in applicable waste storage

container (for example, traps, bins, vacuum/jetter truck storage, etc.).

3. If necessary, decant or fi lter wet material prior as discussed in section 2.4.2.

4. Check the waste material for any unusual color or odor that might indicate the presence of oil or

other chemicals. If any unusual color or odor is found, notify the owner/operator immediately.

5. Transport the waste material to the approved disposal site or benefi cial end use location, as

directed by the owner/operator.

6. Dispose of the waste material as directed by disposal site or benefi cial end use personnel.


1. Reference Standards


Collection Systems.

NASSCO Specifi cation Guidelines for sewer line cleaning.

2.4.2 DECANTING


1. This section describes the disposal of water generated or collected during the surface and/or

subsurface maintenance activities.


1. Documentation for decanting shall conform to the requirements of section 3.1.


1. Decanting shall be conducted in accordance with health and safety requirements set forth in

section 3.2.

2.4.2.4 PERSONNEL

1. Personnel for decanting tasks shall consist of the personnel that performed the maintenance task

that generated the water.



2.4.2.5 MATERIALS





Duct tape (1 roll);

Rock salt (winter only) (1-50 lbs. bag); and

All purpose rags (10).

2.4.2.6 EQUIPMENT


Vacuum/jetter equipment;

Holding tank equipped with fi lters or baffl es to facilitate removal of sediments;

Hand tools as necessary for assembling and disassembling hoses;



Manhole hooks;

Crowbar; and

Shovel, spades and/or push broom to remove debris and trash generated from maintenance tasks.


1. Site access for decanting shall be secured in accordance with section 3.4.


1. Permits and approvals for decanting shall be obtained in accordance with section 3.4.1.


1. Decanting shall not be performed within 48 hrs. of a signifi cant (>1.0 in.) rainfall event unless

approved by the owner/operator.



as applicable.

2. Collect the material removed during the maintenance operation in the truck holding tank, and

allow it to settle.

3. Check the collected water for any unusual color or odor that might indicate the presence of oil

or other chemicals. If any unusual color or odor is found, notify the owner/operator immediately.

4. Transport the water to the approved decanting inlet or manhole.

5. Decant or fi lter the water prior to discharging it into an inlet or as directed by the owner/opera-

tor. This may require the insertion of inlet fi lters. Ensure that no sediments are discharged to the

inlet. The solids, in slurry form, should be transported to an approved disposal site as discussed in

section 2.4.1.




Collection Systems.

NASSCO Specifi cation Guidelines for sewer line cleaning.

Appendices

3division

DIVISION 3: APPENDICES


3.1 DOCUMENTATION

1. Owner/operator is to develop maintenance checklists for each SMP and to provide checklists to

maintenance personnel. Maintenance checklists function to assist maintenance personnel in the

fi eld and to serve as records of SMP maintenance.

2. Additional documentation requirements are listed by maintenance task in Division 2.

3. Maintenance personnel are to complete maintenance checklists and other documentation, as

required by maintenance task, during each maintenance event and provide checklists to owner/

operator for record keeping.

4. All documentation shall be reviewed by the maintenance personnel prior to submission.

Inaccuracies and inconsistencies between checklists, forms, videos, etc. will not be accepted.

3.2 HEALTH AND SAFETY

3.2.1 GENERAL POLICY

1. Maintenance activities and equipment operation are to be performed in accordance with all

applicable laws and regulations including those of:

United States of America;

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania; and

City of Philadelphia.

2. Personnel executing maintenance shall adhere to terms, conditions, policies, practices, and

procedures of the owner/operator’s Health and Safety Plan (HASP).

3. In the event of a confl ict between the owner/operator’s HASP, contractor HASPs, and federal,

state, and local regulations, maintenance personnel shall follow the most stringent/protective

requirements.

4. All equipment operations and procedures shall conform to standards as set forth in Occupational

Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines, including but not limited to the regulations at

29 CFR 1910.146 Appendix E, applicable to personnel entering a sewer system and to equipment

manufacturer’s directions.

5. Maintenance personnel shall be solely responsible for pedestrian and vehicular safety and control

within the work site and shall provide the necessary warning devices, barricades, and ground

personnel required to insure the safety, protection, and warning of persons and vehicular traffi c

within the area. Personnel must follow any and all applicable PennDOT regulations for highway

safety.

6. Federal, state, and local authorities retain the right to inspect or observe the maintenance

activities for compliance with applicable requirements and protocols, and for the quality of

work. Authorities may issue a “stop work” order if the work does not comply with applicable

requirements or if, in the opinion of the authorized inspector, the site conditions or maintenance

personnel’s practices are unsafe or pose a risk to the environment (for example, leaks, spills, etc.)

or personnel are not properly trained.

7. It is recommended that personnel use an effective form of sun protection as needed.

8. It is recommended that personnel apply insect repellent if working in areas of natural vegetation,

and perform a self inspection for ticks following work in and around natural vegetation.

9. It is recommended that personnel carry an adequate personal supply of potable water.

10. It is recommended that personnel disclose and maintain a list of any allergies or serious medical

conditions on their person.

11. It is recommended that fi eld crews carry a fi rst aid kit in compliance with American National

Standards Institute/International Safety Equipment Association (ANSI/ISEA) Specifi cation Z308 in

their vehicle.

12. No personnel shall for any reason enter a confi ned subsurface structure (such as a manhole or

access port) without valid confi ned space entry certifi cation.

13. Maintenance crews shall carry the following additional safety equipment:

Caution tape (200 ft. min.);

Traffi c cones (10 min.);

Cellular phone / radio;

Local detailed street map or GPS device.



3.2.2 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

1. It is recommended that personnel wear protective eye wear when engaged in mowing, string-

trimming, sawing, chipping or grinding, operation of power tools or other activities associated

with eye hazards. Eyewear shall conform to ANSI Z87.1-1989.

2. It is recommended that personnel wear hard-soled work boots with traction soles and toe guards

when conducting maintenance.

3. It is recommended that personnel wear pre-formed or molded ear plugs when operating

machinery.

4. It is recommended that personnel wear appropriate respiratory masks when engaged in dusty

operations.

5. It is recommended that personnel wear heavy-duty nitrile-coated fabric or leather gloves when

performing maintenance activities.

6. It is recommended that personnel wear safety vests when performing work within streets or drive

lanes.

7. It is recommended that personnel wear OSHA “Class C” hard hats or protective helmets when on

site during the use of heavy equipment, regardless of whether the crew member is operating the

equipment. Protective helmets shall conform to ANSI Z89.1-1986.

8. Additional required personal protective equipment is listed by maintenance task in Division 2.

3.2.3 HAZARDS

1. Owner/operator and maintenance personnel are all responsible for maintaining safe and healthy

working conditions and as part of their daily activities must check worksites for unsafe conditions,

watch personnel for unsafe actions and take prompt action to eliminate any hazards.

2. Prior to maintenance events, maintenance personnel shall assess sites for safety issues and

direct site safety staging as necessary (for example, places cones, etc.). Typical hazards related to

SMP maintenance include but are not limited to:

Hand hazards;

Hearing hazards;

Sight hazards;

Slips and trips hazards;

Lifting related injuries;

Heat/cold stress hazards;

Electric hazards;

Fall hazards;

Struck by hazards;

Muscle strain and sprain hazards;

Cut, abrasion, amputation, and laceration hazards;

Pinch points;

Fumes or particulates;

Skin irritants;

Confi ned space hazards;

Falling and/or spraying objects;

Modifi ed traffi c patterns; and

Open utilities.

3. Maintenance personnel shall place cones, temporary guardrails or other appropriate

safety/warning measures over any open structures.

4. Maintenance personnel are to follow OSHA confi ned space entry protocols and utilize air quality

monitors whenever entering a combined sewer structure. Combined sewer structures pose health

hazards from the hydrogen sulfi de gas that accumulates in sewers.

5. Maintenance personnel shall adhere to the following guidance related to hazardous materials:

If any hazardous materials or wastes (for example, gasoline from a spill, etc.) are encountered,

work must be stopped and the owner/operator notifi ed.

Hazardous materials shall be handled only by trained personnel.

6. To reduce hazards associated with fi re hydrant use, maintenance personnel operating hydrants

shall adhere to the following conditions:



The hydrant operation equipment and hydrant shall be under close observation by maintenance

personnel to prevent tampering or theft.

When operating a hydrant during a time where freezing is a risk, road salt shall be applied to all

wet areas on the street or sidewalks surrounding the hydrant as well as any areas wet as a result

of maintenance.

7. Additional hazards are listed by maintenance task in Division 2.

3.3 PERSONNEL

3.3.1 PERSONNEL TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE

1. All maintenance personnel shall possess the appropriate training and experience as defi ned by

personnel classifi cation below and as applicable to specifi c maintenance tasks.

2. Personnel operating all equipment will possess all appropriate and applicable certifi cations and

licenses.

3. Personnel handling regulated materials will possess all appropriate and applicable certifi cations

and licenses.

3.3.2 PERSONNEL CLASSIFICATIONS

1. Various aspects of SMP maintenance require the use of specialized personnel. The following

personnel classifi cations are required to carry out one or more tasks described herein:

Botanist — Professional with an accredited degree in the fi eld of botany with experience working

on a minimum of two (2) projects involving vegetation identifi cation and health assessment in an

urban environment and/or within SMPs.

Certifi ed arborist — Tree care professional recognized by the International Society of Aboriculture

(ISA) as an ISA Certifi ed Arborist ®.

Certifi ed utility specialist arborist — Tree care professional recognized by the ISA as a Utility

Specialist ISA Certifi ed Arborist ®.

CCTV camera operator — Professional with a minimum of two (2) years experience in the opera-

tion of CCTV equipment for inspection of urban storm sewer systems and/or SMPs.

Engineer or engineering technician — Professional with an accredited degree in the fi eld of engi-

neering with experience working on a minimum of two (2) projects involving SMPs.

Environmental scientist or environment technician — Professional with an accredited degree in

the fi eld of environmental science with experience working on a minimum of two (2) projects involv-

ing vegetation identifi cation and health assessment in an urban environment and/or within SMPs.

Facility/landscape manager or facility/landscape maintenance crew foreman — Professional

with a minimum of fi ve (5) years experience leading facility/landscape operation and maintenance

programs and/or maintenance crews and with a minimum of one (1) year experience in the operation

and maintenance of SMPs.

Facility/landscape professional — Professional with a minimum of one (1) year experience per-

forming skilled tasks related to facility/landscape maintenance under the direction of a foreman.

Laborer — Paid worker with experience performing unskilled manual tasks related to facility/land-

scape maintenance under direction of a foreman.

Landscape architect or landscape designer — Professional educated in the fi eld of landscape ar-

chitecture with experience working on a minimum of two (2) projects involving vegetation identifi ca-

tion and health assessment in an urban environment and/or within SMPs.

Mason — Professional with a minimum of two (2) years experience working with concrete and

masonry materials.

Vacuum/jetter operator — Professional with a minimum of two (2) years experience with the main-

tenance of urban storm sewer systems and/or SMPs using vacuuming and jetting equipment.

Vacuum/jetter technician — Professional experienced with the maintenance of urban storm sewer

systems and/or SMPs using vacuuming and jetting equipment, traffi c control in urban areas, and

confi ned space entry as per OSHA standards.

Volunteer — Unpaid worker capable of performing unskilled manual tasks related to facility/land-

scape maintenance under direction of a foreman.

3.3.2.1 SURFACE MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL

1. Surface maintenance events shall be executed by a standard surface maintenance crew

comprised of the following personnel classifi cations:

One (1) facility/landscape manager or facility/landscape crew foreman; and

One (1) facility/landscape professional, laborer, or volunteer.

3.3.2.2 SUBSURFACE MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL

1. Subsurface maintenance events shall be executed by a standard subsurface maintenance crew

comprised of the following personnel classifi cations:



One (1) vacuum/jetter operator; and

One (1) vacuum/jetter technician.

2. Additional vacuum/jetter technicians shall be added to the maintenance crew as required

for traffi c control and confi ned space entry.

3.4 ACCESS REQUIREMENTS

1. Owner/operator and/or maintenance personnel shall provide clear and safe access to SMPs and

sites prior to the execution of maintenance events.

2. Maintenance personnel shall obtain appropriate access permissions from the property owner to

access the property prior to commencement of maintenance events.

3. Maintenance personnel shall verify the following conditions are suffi cient both at the site and

along the proposed travel route for all maintenance equipment prior to transporting equipment to

the SMP or site:

Overhead clearances (for example, overpasses, overhead utilities, etc.);

Weight restrictions (for example, bridges, sidewalks, etc.);

Street and access road/path widths;

Physical site barriers (for example, gates, fences, etc.);

Slopes;

Soil stability; and

Distances from vehicular access.

4. Maintenance personnel shall immediately notify the owner/operator if access to the site is blocked

during a maintenance event.

5. Blocking of public streets shall not be permitted unless prior arrangements have been made with

the City, and coordination with appropriate departments has been established. Traffi c control is

the responsibility of maintenance personnel and shall be in compliance with state, country, and

local highway construction codes.

6. Street and lane closure permitting is described in section 3.4.1.

7. Additional access requirements are listed by maintenance task in Division 2.

3.4.1 PERMITS AND APPROVALS

1. All required permits and approvals as required for maintenance activities shall be obtained prior to

commencement of work by the owner/operator and/or maintenance personnel.

2. Maintenance personnel shall have hard copies of all required permits and approvals on site

during maintenance events.

3. Maintenance personnel shall obtain written permission as necessary to perform maintenance

activities on private property and on public property.

Maintenance personnel are required to obtain a Philadelphia Parks and Recreation (PP&R) Access

Permit prior to executing maintenance with Philadelphia Parks. Owner/operator and/or main-

tenance personnel shall complete and submit the PP&R Access Permit Application, and contact

PP&R to check for updates to the procedure.

4. Maintenance personnel are required to obtain the following background checks prior to

executing maintenance on School District of Philadelphia property:

Criminal history check.

Website: www.epatch.state.pa.us/Home.jsp

Child abuse clearance.

Website: www.webgui.phila.k12.pa.us/uploads/OT/CB/OTCBin1EYlLfhH4ZP_DS1Q/dpwchildabuse.

pdf

FBI fi nger printing.

Website: www.pa.cogentid.com/index.htm

5. Maintenance events requiring the use of a fi re hydrant shall require a Fire Hydrant Operation

Permit issued by Philadelphia Licenses and Inspections (L&I). Owner/operator and/or maintenance

personnel shall follow the Philadelphia L&I’s Fire Hydrant Permitting Procedure (Revision 6,

1/27/04), and contact both L&I and PWD to initiate the permitting procedure.

6. Maintenance requiring the closure of a street and/or sidewalk shall require a Street Closure Permit

issued by the Philadelphia Streets Department Right-of-Way (ROW) Unit. Owner/operator and/

or maintenance personnel shall follow the most up to date permitting procedures as per the

Philadelphia Streets Department website.



Website: http://www.philadelphiastreets.com/highways/street-closure-permits

ROW Unit must have a minimum 10 business days notifi cation prior to street/lane/sidewalk

closure.

7. Additional permit and approval requirements are listed by maintenance task in Division 2.

3.5 MAINTENANCE EVENT PROCEDURES

General maintenance event procedures shall be followed when executing any and all maintenance

activities.

3.5.1 PRE-MAINTENANCE EVENT

1. Maintenance personnel shall perform the following general procedures, as applicable, in

preparation for maintenance events.

Review all route and site access restrictions, site characteristics, site maps, and other available site-

specifi c information (for example, as-built, construction, and/or design drawings, etc.) to determine

the most appropriate personnel, materials, and equipment.

Prepare and print copies of all applicable checklists, access permissions, permits, and approvals.

Transport all personnel, materials, and equipment to the site via a predetermined route that avoids

access issues.

Prepare site for maintenance with all necessary warning devices, barricades, and ground personnel

required to insure the safety, protection, and warning of persons and vehicular traffi c within the

area.

If there is a confl ict between actual site conditions and the methods specifi ed herein the personnel

shall coordinate to change methods as needed per site specifi c requirements or to facilitate more

effective installation. All modifi cations must be approved prior to the start of work.

Contact owner/operator if site is inaccessible or if unanticipated health and safety issues are

present.

3.5.2 DURING MAINTENANCE EVENT

1. Maintenance personnel shall adhere to the following general procedures, as applicable, during

maintenance events.

Maintain a safe work zone for personnel, pedestrians, and vehicular traffi c. Personnel shall be

solely responsible for pedestrian and vehicular safety and control within the work site and shall

provide the necessary warning devices, barricades, and ground personnel required to insure the

safety, protection, and warning of persons and vehicular traffi c within the area. Personnel must

follow any and all applicable PennDOT regulations for highway safety.

Personnel shall make all efforts to protect soil structure from excessive traffi c, working, or compac-

tion of the soil when conducting work.

Minimize disturbance of soils and vegetation by taking the following precautions:

Use the smallest practicable piece of low ground pressure mechanical equipment in the adjacent

areas.

Practice careful foot placement when working in vegetated areas and avoid stepping on plants.

Avoid dragging or driving equipment across vegetated areas.

Avoid compaction of SMP infi ltration areas by equipment and personnel.

Restrict or limit vehicular access over fi nished grade soils in SMPs.

During work, all areas shall be kept neat, clean and free of all trash and debris.

Minimize disruption to vehicular traffi c on adjacent roadways.

Minimize disruption to pedestrian traffi c on adjacent sidewalks.

Protect adjacent and adjoining structures, utilities, walks, pavements, fences and other facili-

ties, trees, shrubs, mulched beds, plantings, and mulched areas from damage caused by planting

operations.

Limit use of water during freezing conditions.

Apply salt to hardscape surfaces to prevent safety hazards during freezing conditions.

Minimize leaking water under freezing conditions.

3.5.3 POST-MAINTENANCE EVENT

1. Maintenance personnel shall perform the following general procedures, as applicable, after

maintenance events.

Complete all checklists and applicable maintenance event documentation.



Remove any soil debris or organic debris from hardscape areas.

Ensure trash/sediment/organic debris from at least 5 ft. on either side of any trench drain, curb-cut

or fl ow control/conveyance structures is removed.

Clean wheels of vehicles before leaving site to avoid tracking soil onto roads, walks or other

hardscape areas.

All debris shall be cleaned up each day before personnel leave the site, unless permission is given

by the city to do otherwise. All lawn areas shall be raked, all streets and sidewalks swept, and

all brush, branches, and logs shall be removed from the work site. Work areas are to be left in a

condition equal to that which existed prior to the commencement operations.

It shall be the responsibility of maintenance personnel to remove and dispose of in a proper and

acceptable manner and in accordance with applicable waste disposal requirements, all debris,

trash, and materials resulting from maintenance operations.

Maintenance personnel may not dump woodchips or any debris, etc., at the Fairmount Park

Recycling Center. Dumping of any debris at City dump sites should be authorized and coordinated

with City staff.

The site shall be inspected to ensure no health and safety hazards or other potential issues either

created or unresolved by maintenance activities.

Dispose of materials collected from the site in accordance with applicable waste disposal require-

ments and as per section 2.4.1 of this document.

2. Perform erosion control/repair as per section 2.1.2, as applicable, after all maintenance events

that involve earth disturbance.

3.6 POINTS OF CONTACT

Animal Care and Control Team of Philadelphia

Phone: 267-385-3800

Website: www.acctphilly.org/programs/ac/

Address: 111 W. Hunting Park Ave; Philadelphia

Emergency Police and Fire Services

Phone: 9-1-1

Philadelphia Water Department, Water and Sewer Emergency Line

Phone: 215-685-6300

Philadelphia Water Department, Industrial Waste Unit

Phone: 215-685-4910

Website: www.phila.gov/water/IWU_Contacts.html

Philadelphia Electric Company (PECO)

Phone (Emergency): 1-800-841-4141

Philadelphia Streets Department

Phone: 215-686-5560

Website (Street Closure Permits): www.philadelphiastreets.com/transportation-highways-street_clo-

sure-intro.aspx

Website (Illegal Dumping Report): www.potholes.phila.gov/tap.nsf/2cf8da9cb0da9bb9852573c9006

b7d99?OpenForm

Website (Dead Animal Report): www.potholes.phila.gov/tap.nsf/85e1a10ac026ffe58525743600760

694?OpenForm

Address: Philadelphia Department of Streets; Municipal Services Building; 1401 J.F.K. Blvd.;

Philadelphia, PA 19102

Philadelphia Licenses and Inspections

Phone (Permits): 215-686-2567

Phone (Certifi cations): 215-686-2448

Website: www.phila.gov/li/Pages/default.aspx

Address: Philadelphia L&I; Municipal Services Building, Concourse Level; 1401 J.F.K. Blvd.;

Philadelphia, PA 19102

Philadelphia Parks and Recreation

Phone: 215-686-1776

Website: www.phila.gov/parksandrecreation/Pages/default.aspx

Address: One Parkway Building, 10th Floor, 1515 Arch Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102.

Philly 311

Phone: 3-1-1 (215-686-8686)

Website: www.phila.gov/311

Pennsylvania 811 / PA One Call

Phone: 8-1-1 (800-242-1776)

Website: www.pa1call.org

Address: 925 Irwin Run Rd., West Miffl in, PA 15122



3.7 JETTING NOZZLES

1. Flushing Nozzles

Flushing nozzles have rear-facing jets and are used to clean lines that do not have large blockages.

These nozzles are similar to the sanitary nozzles used by PWD for sewer cleaning.

Figure 3-1. Small fl ushing nozzle

Figure 3-2. Sanitary nozzle listed in PWD Sewer Cleaning Manual

2. Penetrating Nozzles

Penetrating nozzles have both forward- and rear-facing jets. The forward-facing jet helps loosen large

blockages. These nozzles are similar to those PWD uses for sewer cleaning.

Figure 3-3. Small penetrating nozzle with one front facing and six rear- facing jets

Figure 3-4. Large penetrating nozzle with one front-facing and fi ve-rear facing jets



Figure 3-5. Penetrating nozzle listed in PWD Sewer Cleaning Manual

3. Rotating Nozzle

Rotating nozzles can have forward- and/or rear-facing jets. A component of these nozzles rotates,

providing lateral cleaning. These nozzles are effective at removing roots as well as debris from pipe

walls.

Figure 3-6. Rotating nozzle with three rear-facing jets and rotating center

Figure 3-7: Small rotating, root cutting nozzle

Glossary

4division

DIVISION 4: GLOSSARY


The following terms are defi ned as they apply to this document.

Access permissions: Documents granting access to or use of a given site (e.g., agreements to enter

and maintain SMPs on School District of Philadelphia property, PPR Access Permits, etc.).

Access structure: A portal to the subsurface structures within a rain garden. Access structures may

also serve additional functions, such as joining subsurface pipes.

Arborist: An individual engaged in the profession of arboriculture who, through experience, educa-

tion, and related training, possesses the competence to provide for or supervise the management of

trees and other woody plants.

Balled and burlapped stock: Exterior plants dug with fi rm, natural balls of earth in which they are

grown, with the ball size not less than the diameter and depth recommended by ANSI Z60.1 for type

and size of tree or shrub required; wrapped, tied, rigidly supported, and drum-laced as recommended

by ANSI Z60.1.

Bimonthly: Occurring every two months.

Choker/fi lter course: Permeable layer placed underneath porous paving to provide a level and stable

surface. It is typically 1 to 2 in. thick.

Closed-circuit television (CCTV): The use of one or more video cameras to transmit a wired or

wireless video signal to one or more monitors and/or to video recording equipment. In the context of

this protocol, CCTV refers to the use of remotely controlled camera to view and record the condition

of subsurface structures.

Cleanout: A solid vertical pipe capped at the surface that provides access to subsurface pipes for

pipe jetting, fl ushing, vacuum cleaning, and inspection.

Container grown stock: Healthy, vigorous, well-rooted exterior plants grown in a container with

well-established root system reaching the sides of the container and maintaining a fi rm ball when

removed from the container. Container shall be rigid enough to hold ball shape and protect root

mass during shipping and be sized according to ANSI Z60.1 for kind, type, and size of exterior plants

required.

Conveyance pipes: Pipes that carry stormwater runoff to, from, or within a SMP.

Crown: The leaves and branches of a tree measured from the lowest branch on the trunk to the top

of the tree.

Cultipacker: A tool that helps to create a fi rm seedbed by pressing down small debris and stones

and smoothing the surface.

Decanting: The process by which a mixture or suspension is separated through fi ltering and/or

settling.

Distribution pipes: Pipes, including perforated and solid pipes, that deliver stormwater runoff to

an SMP. Distribution pipes are typically located below ground surface within soil media or drainage

gravel, but can also be located at the ground surface.

Dredging: The process of excavating and removing unwanted sediment from the bottom of a body

of water.

Establishment: The point after planting when a tree’s root system has grown suffi ciently into the

surrounding soil to support shoot growth and anchor the tree.

Establishment watering: A series of watering events that aid in long-term survivorship of newly

installed plants.

Failure: Complete loss of function.

Filtering: The process by which a mixture or suspension is separated, by passing the mixture through

a fi ltration medium such as a bed of sand or fi lter cloth; the fl uid phase passes through the medium,

while solid materials are trapped.

First fl ush diverter: An element of a stormwater management practice used to capture debris and

pollutants from runoff generated during the initial phase of a rain storm.

Flow control structure: A structural component of a stormwater drainage system that detains

stormwater and allow its controlled release (for example: weirs, weir walls, orifi ces, spillways).

Forebay (or sediment forebay): A pool or basin located immediately down-gradient of a stormwater

runoff infl ow point. Forebays are runoff storage areas designed to trap and settle sediment or other

pollutants. Forebays can either be dry (inundated with water during storm events) or wet (inundated

with water continuously).

Geotextile: A permeable synthetic fabric that may surround the media and/or drainage stone in an

SMP to prevent stormwater from eroding the underlying subbase.

Green inlet: An inlet placed within an existing gutter or other surface fl ow path that diverts runoff

from paved areas and redirects into a green stormwater infrastructure system.



Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI): Engineered systems that use the natural hydrologic pro-

cesses of infi ltration and evaporation to manage stormwater runoff and provide environmental and

community benefi ts.

Hand removal (weeding): The removal of an entire plant (leaves and root system) by pulling with

the hands.

Hardscape: a surface or wall composed of traditional or porous asphalt, concrete, or masonry that is

located above ground.

Hazardous waste: The regulatory defi nition of solid waste is contained in 40 CFR Part 261.

Generally, a hazardous waste is waste that is dangerous or potentially harmful to health or the

environment. Hazardous wastes can be liquids, solids, gases, or sludge. Before a material can be clas-

sifi ed as a hazardous waste, it must fi rst be a solid waste.

Herbaceous container: A herbaceous plant (annual or perennial fl ower, grass, sedge or rush) that

is approximately 8 in. to 24 in. tall that is available from nurseries in quart, #1, #3, and #5 sized

containers. The roots should be healthy, vigorous and established, reaching the sides of the container,

but not encircling the sides of the container.

High-pressure vacuum washing: A method used to remove fi ne soil and sediment from pervious

paving. Water at a high pressure is used to dislodge soil particles/sediment, contaminants and debris

from the pores of pervious paving. A vacuum should be used in conjunction with the washer to

remove the debris.

Herbaceous plug: A young herbaceous plant (annual or perennial fl ower, grass, sedge or rush)

that is approximately 2 in. to 8 in. tall and grown in soil within a cylindrical container cell of a tray.

The roots should be healthy, vigorous and established, reaching the sides of the container, but not

encircling the sides of the container.

Hydroseeding: A seeding process that uses a slurry comprised of seed, water, and mulch using a

tank and hose.

Infi ltration: A hydrologic process where water drains downward through SMPs and soil subbase to

groundwater.

Inlet: A point of entry into the stormwater drainage system (storm sewer). Common types of inlets

may include grate inlets, curb opening inlets and combination grate and curb opening inlets. Inlets

may be constructed with pretreatment structures such as inlet inserts, sumps, inlet traps, and screens.

Inlets are connected to SMPs and/or storm sewer networks by lateral pipes.

Inlet insert: A device installed within an inlet structure, typically just below the inlet grates or curb

opening, which allows stormwater runoff to pass while fi ltering trash, gross pollutants, and sediment.

Basic types of inlet inserts are trays, bags, and baskets.

Inlet or catch basin sump: The area within an inlet or catch basin that is below the deepest convey-

ance pipe outlet of the structure and which provides capacity for sediment accumulation. Sumps

within combined sewer inlets are designed to remain fi lled with water at all times to prevent the

release of sewer gas. Sumps within inlets that are not connected to a combined sewer typically drain

through weep holes (a series of small diameter drill holes) located in the bottom of the structure.

Inlet trap and hood: A structure installed within an inlet over the connection of an inlet lateral or

distribution pipe to provide protection from fl oatable trash and debris. In inlets directly connected to

a combined sewer system, inlet traps defi ne the standing water level of the inlet sump to prevent the

escape of sewer gas from the system. Inlet hoods are typically installed in inlets not connected to a

combined sewer.

Inorganic fertilizers: Soil additives that are manufactured from minerals or synthetic chemicals.

Invasive vegetation: A non-native, exotic plant species that has been introduced by humans,

either by accident or intentionally, such as for agricultural, utilitarian or horticultural uses, into a

region or location outside of its naturally occurring extent. Invasive plant species colonize rapidly,

outcompeting or overwhelming other native species. Invasive plants grow vigorously and have high

reproductive success. Because invasive plant species do not have natural controls, such as pathogens,

predators, herbivores and parasites, they pose a threat to native plant communities and biodiversity

(www.invasiveplantatlas.org/).

Jetting: The process of cleaning stormwater drainage systems using a truck- or trailer-mounted

cleaning system which pumps high-pressure water through nozzles placed inside the drainage

system. The high-pressure water jet-cleaning device operates on the principle of high-volume,

high-speed water movement to wash away accumulated soil particles/sediment, dirt, contaminants

or debris, dissolve blockages, and clean interior surfaces. The nozzles are connected to the water

supply by up to 500 ft. of hose coiled on a reel. The thrust generated by the jets of water propels the

nozzle assembly though the structure. The process is also referred to as High-Velocity Jet Cleaning,

Hydrocleaning, Hydraulic Cleaning, or High Pressure Cleaning.

Lateral pipes: Pipes that connect inlets to SMPs and/or storm sewer networks.

Maintenance event: Any occurrence devoted to preventative as well as corrective maintenance for a

SMP. During maintenance events, maintenance personnel execute prescribed maintenance tasks.



Manhole: A concrete chamber within sewer networks or connected to inlets that provides surface

access, via cast iron manhole lids, to subsurface pipe networks for inspection, pipe jetting, pipe fl ush-

ing, vacuum cleaning, and entry of trained personnel.

Mechanical removal: The removal of the leaves or stems of a plant through cutting and the use of a

sharpened tool or equipment.

Native vegetation: A plant species that is native to the mid-Atlantic region.

Non-native vegetation: A plant species that is not native to the mid-Atlantic region.

Non-target vegetation: A plant species that was not specifi cally selected for and planted/seeded

within the SMP. Non-target species include both native and non-native species and are often weedy,

invasive or aggressive colonizers.

Organic amendments: Various forms of plant debris that are broken down by natural processes and

used to ameliorate soil.

Organic debris: Debris from living or decomposing plants including leaf litter, branches, fruit, fl owers,

bark, etc.

Owner/operator: Organization or individual legally responsible for the operation and maintenance

of a SMP.

Pervious area: Surfaces which have the ability to infi ltrate water into the soil or subbase.

Pesticides: Substances that control, eradicate, or mitigate pest organisms. They include, but are not

limited to, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, and rodenticides.

Plant transpiration: A biological process in which plants absorb water through their roots and

ultimately evaporate this water to the atmosphere through their leaves or stems.

Planting/seeding event watering: A watering event that occurs directly following the new installa-

tion of plants or seeding of an area.

Regenerative air sweeping: A method used to remove fi ne soil and sediment from pervious paving.

Air at a high pressure and at an angle is used to dislodge soil particles/sediment, contaminants and

debris from the surface of pervious paving. The air moves along the width of the sweeping head and

the vacuum tube transports the material into the storage hopper. With all the material removed, the

clean air is reused.

Pretreatment structures: Structures that capture trash, sediment, and/or other pollutants from

stormwater runoff before delivery to a surface detention area or media.

Risers and outlet control structures: Structures that establish a high water level and regulate the

overfl ow of stormwater SMPs. These structures typically consist of catch basins or vertical pipes set

within a detention area.

Secure container: A container that prevents spilling, leaking or blowing of contained material.

Sediment: Non-organic debris that includes fi nes, sand, gravel, or soil. The latter may contain some

organic components but is still considered sediment.

Settling: A reduction in ground elevation due to compaction or soil voids.

Soil loss: A reduction in elevation and/or development of void space below surface elevation due to

soil migration from its original location.

Soil testing: Laboratory tests to characterize soil properties such as mineral, nutrient, or pollutant

content or to measure the range of particle sizes.

Solid waste: The regulatory defi nition of solid waste is contained in 40 CFR Part 261.2. Generally, a

solid waste is a discarded or abandoned material. In this case, solid wastes would be materials such

as trash or wastes encountered during GSI maintenance activities.

Storage/media: Storage within a rain garden is provided by an earthen depression storage area and

underlying media that accepts, fi lters, and/or infi ltrates stormwater runoff.

Stormwater management practices (SMPs): Individual GSI systems.

Stormwater management practice (SMP) component: A related group of SMP elements (e.g., an

underdrain comprised of individual pipe sections, fi ttings, collars, etc.) associated with a specifi c SMP.

Stormwater management practice (SMP) element: An individual unit (e.g., a pipe section, pre-

treatment device, tree, etc.) associated with a specifi c SMP.

Stormwater management practice (SMP) feature: Any SMP element or SMP component associ-

ated with a specifi c SMP.

Subbase: The material beneath an engineered or designed surface.

Subsurface maintenance: Any maintenance events and associated tasks that apply to SMP ele-

ments that are located below ground and can only be maintained with specialized equipment.

Surface maintenance: Any maintenance events and associated tasks that apply to SMP elements

that are located above ground and can be maintained from the surface.



Target vegetation: A plant species that was selected specifi cally for and planted/seeded within the

project area. Within SMPs, target species are typically native; however non-native species are also

occasionally planted.

Trench drains: Narrow trenches with solid or grated covers that can convey stormwater runoff. They

are typically used to convey stormwater runoff under areas of pedestrian traffi c such as sidewalks

and are typically constructed of concrete or plastic with cast iron or plastic covers.

Underdrain pipes: Perforated pipes that collect water, often from an infi ltration bed, and deliver it

to a fl ow control structure. Underdrain pipes are always located beneath the ground surface and are

typically plastic (for example, HDPE, PVC, etc.).

Vacuum cleaning: The use of a truck-mounted stormwater drainage system cleaning device. The

cleaning device operates on the principle of large volume, high-speed air movement to lift water,

soil particles/sediment, contaminants and debris. A large tube conveys the collected materials into a

tank mounted on the truck. The cleaning device also includes a freshwater supply and high-pressure

pump system to fl ush and clean pipes and structures. Collected material is transported in the truck to

approved disposal sites. This process is sometimes called vactoring.