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Green PlainsMaria M. Debye-Saxinger Rudy J.Favretti Fellowship 2010Garden Club of Virginia
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Green Plains Maria M. Debye-Saxinger
RudyJ.FavrettiFellowship2010
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Green Plains Property
LEGEND
50’ 100’
1.CedarDrive
2.OakDrive
3.EntranceWalk
4.PecanTree
5.MainWalk
6.MainHouse
7.Terrace
8.PoolHouse
9.Pool
10.ScallopedWall
11.NorthWall
12.SouthWall
13.GardenEntrance
14.InnerGarden
15.GardenShed
16.DuckHouse
17.Orchard
18.Arbor
19.Haha
20.OldWell
21.Cottages
22.PeonyGarden
23.TheCove
24.TennisCourt
25.Pier
26.Office
27.FarmSheds
28.HorseStable
29.Barn
30.CaretakerHouse
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Copyright © 2010 by The Garden Club of Virginia.All Rights Reserved.
Reproduction:
All material contained herein is the intellectual property of the Garden Club of Virginia except where noted. Permission for reproduction, except for personal use, must be obtained from:
The Fellowship Committee, ChairTThe Garden Club of VirginiaThe Kent-Valentine House12 East Franklin StreetRichmond, VA 23219www.gcvirginia.org
Green Plains Maria M. Debye-Saxinger
RudyJ.FavrettiFellowship2010
PREFACE
AstheRudyJ.FavrettiFellowfortheGardenClubofVirginiaof2010,Ipresentthisvolumethat
beginstounravelandpiecetogetherthemanystoriesoftheGreenPlainspropertylocatedin
MathewsCounty(formerGloucesterCounty),Virginia.Itbeginstodescribeitsappealasahome
tofivefamiliesoverthepast214yearsthroughmaps,illustrations,drawings,photographsand
text.FewcountiesinVirginiahavesuchhistoricallyrichgemstones.Feweryethavearchitectural
andlandscapearchitecturalelementsincorporatedwithintheirboundariespredatingthe1800s
withsuchavibranthistory.Itismyhopethatthisprojectcanbegintoshedlightonthehistoryof
suchamagicalplacewithanenchantingview.Usingoldphotographsasmeansforanalysisof
thevariousphasesofthehouseandgardenaswellasresearchoftextsandmapscombinedwith
informationgatheredfromanin-personinterviewwithFrancisH.Cabothimselfandthecurrent
ownerDorothyS.Long,Idepictindetailsomeofthespecificelementsaboutthepropertyand
howtheycametobeaswellasdrawingsandphotographsofexistingconditions.Usingpeople
whohavelivedatthesiteasresourcesforverbalunderstandingofthestoryofitshistory
combinedwithphotographydatingasfarbackas1935,Isharethecriticalmomentsintimethat
haveshapedthecharacterandmadeGreenPlainswhatitistoday.
MariaDebye-Saxinger,RudyJ.FavrettiFellowshipRecipient2010
ToFrankandDorothy.
CONTENTS
PREFACE
5-8 Introduction
9-14 SettingandHistoricalContext
15 Timeline
18-25 CHAPTERI:TheMainHouse
26-29 CHAPTERII:TheSouthLawn 30-33 CHAPTERIII:CottagesandtheNorthLawn
34-36 CHAPTERIV:ThePoolHouseandtheFishingPier
37-40 CHAPTERV:TheGardenanditsShed,ScallopedWall,NorthandSouthWall
43-46 CHAPTERVI:TheOrchard,ArborandHaha
47-50 CHAPTERVII:TheFarm 51-52 CHAPTERVIII:TheCaretakers’Quarters 53 EXISTINGCONDITIONSPLAN 54 AFTERWORD
55-56 NOTES
57 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 58-65 APPENDIXA:EXISTINGPLANTINGSANDBUILTELEMENTS
66-74 APPENDIXB:AERIALSURVEYMATERIALSANDMAPS 75-76 ENDNOTES 77-78 BIBLIOGRAPHY 79 IMAGECREDITS
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INTRODUCTION
GreenPlainsissituatedalongtheNorthRiverjustaboveMobjackBayandisoneofthe
mostprestigiouspropertiesinMathewsCounty,Virginia.Currentlythe642-acrepropertyisowned
byonefamily.Originally,thePeytonfamilygavethepropertytotheRoyfamilyinthelate1700s.
ThehistoricGeorgianstylehomeandcelebratedscallopedwallareamongthesite’streasures.
Oneofthemostmagnificentviewsisvisiblefrommultiplevantagepointslookingoutto-
wardsPortugal.In1923AnneSeddonRutherfoordJohnsonwhooncelivedatGreenPlainswrote
“theRiverislikeaninlandlake,andonabrightdaythehandsomehomesarereflectedinthe
waterallalongtheshores,asifinamirror.”iItisonlynaturalthenthatsuchabeautifullandscape
andmainhousewaserectedbyJamesH.Roy,1amathematicianwhodesignedthehouseand
gardenandlaterlivedinthemainhouseuponitscompletionabout1798.iiAseriesof
semi-circlesarethebasicgeometricformsofthescallopedwall,unlikeanyotherofitskindin
America.Althoughthepropertyhassurvivedseveralmajorhurricanesinitslifetime,itsauthenticity
asanhistorichouseandlandscapeisunparalleled.
Asahome,thepropertyhasbeenownedandlivedinbytwogenerationsoftheRoys,
theCabotsandtwogenerationsoftheLongs.Duringthe1800s,themainhousewasbrickwith
stuccoandtwoporticosaboveeachentrance.Twowingsoneachsidewereaddedin1838by
WilliamH.Roy.2Alavishgardencompletewithaseriesofpathwaysandoctagonalandcircular
shapedgardenbeds,issaidtohavebeensurroundedbyascallopedwall.Withineachofthe
scallopswereraisedbedsandrosebusheswithineachone.Atallpecantree,thrivedtheninthe
18thCenturyasdoesstilltoday,alongthewater’sedgeofthecove.iii
Thepropertywasunoccupiedduringthelaterpartofthe1800sandearly1900suntilthe
CabotFamily,apremierBostonfamily,heardaboutitthroughtheirrealestatebrokerFlorence
Reedandpurchaseditin1935.TheyimmediatelyplantedboxwoodandwiththehelpofMrs.
FrancisH.Cabot’sbrother,EdwardJ.(Eddie)Mathews3andhissisterMrs.FrancisH.Cabot4
quicklydesignedandplantedthegardensandgroundsandrenovatedthemainhouse.
Mrs.FrancisH.CabotherselflaterwroteabouttheireffortsinTownandCountryMagazine.A
terracedpatiooffofthewestwingwhichmakesforasmoothtransitionfromthelivingroomto
theoutdoorswasdesignedaswellascircularsodstepstothewatersideofthemainhouse.
Othermajorchangesincludedtheroofpitchwhichwasmadesteeperandtheoutbuildingswere
restoredintheiroriginallocations.
WhenMr.andMrs.AugustusC.LongacquiredthepropertyfromtheCabotsin1959,
thegardensandoutbuildingswereagainrefurbished.Mr.AugustusC.Long5addedalibrarythat
wasdesignedbyClarenceHuffwasaddedtothewestwingofthemainhouseoverwhatwas
thetransitionalterraceduringtheCabots’stay.TheGardenswereenhancedwithperennialswith
colorinterest.Thekitchenhousewasconvertedintoapoolhousewhereapoolwasalsoadded
intheearly1970s.Alargetenniscourtwasputinjusteastofthemaindriveway.Alongpathway
wasaddedparalleltothescallopedwallleadinguptothehousewithdaffodilsplantedalongeach
side.Theinteriorofthehousewasrestoredduringthe1970sbyJamesCogar,6whowaslongthe
curatoroffurnishingsforColonialWilliamsburg.
“Theriverislikeaninlandlake,and
onabrightdaythehandsomehomes
arereflectedinthewaterallalongthe
shores,asifinamirror...”
---AnneSeddonRutherfoordJohnson,1923
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Althoughthereisnolongeranytraceofboxwood,bedsofpeoniessurroundthemain
housearrangedsimilarlytowheretheboxwoodusedtobe.Thebrickworkaroundthehouseis
stillinexistencetoday.Outbuildingslinethecovetothenorthofthemainhouseintheiroriginal
locationsandthescallopedwallstillstands.MostofthestructuresbuiltduringthetimetheCabots
livedonthepropertystillexistaswellasthedesignedbrickworkandlandscapearchitectural
elements.
DorothyS.Long7andhersonAugustusJ.(A.J.)Longcurrentlyliveontheproperty.They
haveroughly17chickensinthebarns,ducksandretiredracehorses.Thestablesandpastures
givethoroughbredsasecondlifeafterretiringfromtheracetrack.Plantingswithinthepastten
yearshavebeenaddedtothesouthlawnincludingfloweringtreesandperennialsmarking
significantareaswithinthegardenincludingwhiteCrapeMyrtles(Lagerstroemia indica ‘Alba’),
Peonies(Paeonia),Hydrangeas(Hydrangea paniculata)andRoses(Rosa)amongothersaddto
thecolorallover.Treesthatwereplantedbetweenthe1940sand50sstandtallonboththenorth
andsouthlawnsandtheCedarallée(Juniperusvirginiana)andLiveOak(Quercus virginiana)
drivemarkthedrivetothemainhouse.
Botholdandnewplantingsandstructures,bigandsmall,describethecharacterofthe
siteandrevealamostvibranthomethatwitheachowner,takesonnewidentities.Aswaterlevels
riseandhurricanescomeandgo,itisevermoreimportanttounderstandthehistoryofthesitein
ordertopreserveandprepareforitsfuture.
View of the cove and the North River in the distance from the main driveway. Photograph taken in 2010.
Main drive along the cove. Photograph taken February 8, 1938.
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SETTINGANDHISTORICALCONTEXT
Asearlyas1608,CaptainJohnSmithandhiscolonistsexploredupanddownthe
ChesapeakeBayareasurveyingthelandandwaterinwhatwasatthetimeconsideredto
begreatdetailandwithmuchaccuracy.Itisfromtheearly1600sthenthatthearea’s
documentationstarts.BeforethefoundingofMathewsCounty,theMiddlePeninsulain1649
was“declaredopentosettlement.Withintwoyearsthepopulationonthenorthsideofthe
YorkRiverhadgrowntothepointthatGloucesterCountywascreatedoutofthenorthern
portionofYorkCounty,oneofVirginia’soriginalshires.Althoughthelegislativeact
authorizingtheestablishmentofGloucesterCountyhasnotcometolight,aMay21,1651,
patentforacreageonthenorthsideoftheYorkRiverindicatesthatthelandbeingclaimed
laywithin‘Gloster’County.ThispatentwasissuedonlytwomonthsafterSirWilliamBerke-
leyhadsurrenderedtheVirginiacolonytorepresentativesofEngland’sCommonwealth
government.”ivMathewsCountywaslaterestablishedin1791asaseparatecountyfrom
Gloucester.Tothisdaybothremaintheirowntownship,butshareearlyhistory.
SoonaftertheestablishmentofGloucesterCounty,JamesH.Royacquiredthe
landforbuildinghisto-behousefromSirJohnPeytonofIsleham,whosegrandchildrenhe
tutored.ThetractoflandwasoriginallypropertyofthePeytonsasanextensionoftheir
familyestatealongtheNorthRiverandgiventoRoyfromthePeytonsestatewhenhemar-
riedElizabethBooth8ofBelleville.ThiswouldthenbecomethesiteofGreenPlains.Build-
ingofthemainhousebeganasearlyas1795andremainedintheRoyfamilyfor140years.v
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USGS map from depicting the Green Plains and major architectural features.
Mobjack Bay
Chesapeake
Bay
Winter Harbor
South Bay
Outlet Bay
Hog Island Bay
Burtons Bay
Severn
York R
iver
James R
iver
Mathews
Green PlainsWare Neck
Gloucester PointWilliamsburg
Newport News
VIRGINIA
Hampton
Norfolk Virginia Beach
5 Miles
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Illustrative map showing the context of the Green Plains property and its proximity to nearby significant places.
Duringthistime,itisimportanttonotethatthecourthousewasburnedtotheground
andalongwithitmanyimportantdocumentsthatmayhaveexposedinformationaboutthearea.
Whiletheextentoftroubleincursionsmayhavecaused,maynotbedocumented,“almostevery
barnandmillinthecountywasburnedtothegroundandalmostallthehorsesandlivestockwere
carriedoff,nottomentionmorepersonalvaluables.”viFrequentvisitationsbyFederalboatsand
cavalryoccurredupanddownthecoastinthearea,makingthoseclosetothewaterespecially
vulnerabletothesestops,oftenformilitarypurposes.
AsGreenPlainsitexistsalongtheshoreoftheNorthRiverwhereMathewsand
Gloucestercountiesaredivided,itisremarkablehowithasenduredovertime.In1923,Anne
SeddonRutherfoordJohnson9,thefirstwifeofWilliamH.RoywholivedatGreenPlains,writes,
“duringtheWarBetweentheStates,GreenPlainswasravagedbytheFederaltroops.The
Gunboatscameuptheriverandmaraudingpartiesscouredtheneighborhood,plunderingand
destroyingalltheycouldnottakewiththem.Mr.Roydiedbeforethisperiodandhiswidowand
youngerdaughterslivedinaconstantstateofanxiety.Theyhadtoendurestoicallythesightof
theirmostpreciouspossessionsbeingstolenbeforetheireyes,orbeinsultedbyofficers,aswell
asmen”.Shealsomentionsthatliquorwasstoredinthebasement,inanareathatwastapped
andsearchedbut“itwasnotdiscovered,orworsethaninsultsmighthaveresulted.”vii
Thebasementofthemainhousetodayisstillsupportedbyhand-laidbricks.Theeast
andwestwingsareraisedandseveralroomswithintheframeworkofthelargerstructureseparate
differentareas,eachwhichhousesroomsfordifferentfunctionssuchaswhatmighthavebeenfor11|
storageofgoods,especiallyusefulduringprohibition.
Duetotheproximityofthemainhouseandgardentothewaters’edgeandexposureto
southernstorms,thepropertyhasbeensubjecttostormsthroughoutitsexistence,somemore
damagingthanothers.Aseriesofhurricanesandtidalwaveshavebeenrecordedinthearea
asearlyas1821:atropicalcyclonein1825,theCentennialGaleof1876thatcausedsomeof
thehighesttidesseenintheChesapeakeBay,theGreatHurricaneof1933,andmorerecently
HurricaneIsabelin2003andHurricaneErnestoin2006.viiiEachpointstoatimewhendamages
tothehouseandgardenoccurred.Theyhaveleadtotheuprootingoftrees,andflooding,notto
mentionsaltwaterintrusionalongtheedgeofthepropertyanderosion.Copingwiththeseforces
ofnatureresultedinchangingthemainhouse’swatertable,renovatingtheoutbuildings,addinga
seawallandreconstructingthepier.Theoldbrickwallshavebeenrebuiltmultipletimes.
Themainhousehasbeenrenovatedandchangedovertime.Thechangesincluding
addingwingsandlibrariesandchangingtheroofpitch.Theinteriorofthemainhousehasalso
haditsownmake-overseveraltimes.Thegardenandwallshavetakenondifferentlooksthat
rangefromformalVictorianGardens,toanEnglishboxgardenandthenalessformal,butmore
colorfulbloomingarrangementofpinkandredperennials.Theoutbuildingshavebeenpreserved
intheirlocation,buthavetakenonnewfunctionssuchaspoolhouseandcottage.Thefarmis
nowintendedforretiredrace-horsesandotherpets.ArowofLiveOaks(Quercus virginiana)
borderthegardentotheeastwhilealsoliningthedrivewayasoneapproachestheentrancetothe
mainhouse.Althoughthereisnoevidencetodayofanyformalbrickwallthatmighthavebordered|12
property line
KEY
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Aerial illustration of the property of Green Plains as it is today along the North River.
theeastofthegarden,ithasbeensuggestedthatthegardenwasoncesurroundedbythe
wall.Andso,itisfromthemaindriveasoneapproachesthemainhousethatonehastheir
firstglimpseoftheinnergardenspaceandscallopedwallinthedistance.
Howevergreatthedestructioneachtime,bothpoliticalorphysicalandnaturally
occurringdamages,theyhaveallbeenminimizedbythededicationandloveofplaceofthe
familiesthathaveownedGreenPlainsandthemanyhelpinghandswhohavebrickbybrick
repaireddamagesandrebuiltfallenelements.Thisspeaksvolumesoftheappreciationfor
itshistoricvalueasapropertybeyondjustthemainhouse,garden,outbuildingsorfarm,
butasapieceofhistorythatsurviveswithallofitspartsfunctioninginwaysbestsuitedfor
itsownerswhomakeittheirown.
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Dorothy S. Long with retired racehorse in the large north pasture of Green Plains in 2000.
Mr.andMrs.HigginsonCabotpurchaseproperty.
FlorenceReedin-formsCabotFam-ilyofGreenPlainswithPostcardand
Photos.
JamesH.RoyacquirespropertyfromthePeytonEstatealongtheNorthRiverandbeginsbuildingGreenPlainsmainhouseanddesignsthescallopedwall.
GreenPlainsmainhouseconstructioncompletedforJamesH.RoyandElizabethBooth.
Gloucester County formed.
Mathews County
separates from
Gloucester County.
Formation of Virginia
Counties.
WilliamH.Royaddseastandwestwingstothecentralareaofthemainhouse.
Scallopedwallrebuiltonoriginalfoundation.
BoxwoodGardenintheGardenplantedasanursery.Boxwoodaddedasfocalpointsincriticalareas.
Layingoutofbrickpathways,entrancewalks,sodsteps
andterraceadded.Renovationstocottagesandmainhouse.
BarnsandCaretaker’sQuartersadded.Terraceaddedoffofwest
wing.
1937 1938-3919331821 1825 1876 19351795 17981651 17911634 1838 1920sowners
setbacks
major architectural and landscape element changes
TheGreatHurricane.
Hurricaneincoast.TidalWaveobservedatChincoteague. TropicalCyclone.
CentennialGalecauseshighesttideingenerationsfromChesapeakeBayregion.
CABOT FAMILYROY FAMILY
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Mr.andMrs.C.AugustusLongpurchaseGreenPlainsfromtheCabots.
BoxwoodfilledinaroundPecantreeandalongpathways.Ivyclippings
addedtofacadeofhouseasdecorationandtomasknewlyaddedbricksonfacadeofmain
house.
1938-39 1940-58 1959 1970s
Gardentrellisadded.Brickpathwaysbuiltinsidegarden.
Daffodilwalkaddedtothenorthlawn.
Tenniscourtandpooladded.Poolhouseburnsdownandisrebuilt.Renovationofcottagesandsheds.
Fencesandhorseringsconstructedaroundpastures.Cowbarnredesignedintohorsebarnandhaystorage.
Pierandseawallreconstructed.
OrchardandArboraddednorthofthe
garden.Treesalongthewallcausedamagetoscallopsandtothenorthwallentrancegate.PerennialsincludingGladiolas,CannasandLiliesaddedtotheinner
garden.
HurricaneIsabel.HurricaneErnesto.
2000-2001 2003 20061998-1999
LONG FAMILY
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Waterfront: 1. Main house in 1935 as the Cabot family arrived on the property. 2. Renovations to the waterfront, June 1938. 3. Waterfront facade with shutters on windows and completed sod steps, March 1939. 4. South facade of main house in the 1970s with plantings along foundation and water table. 5. Waterfront side of main house as it is today, 2010.
Landfront: 6. Main house in 1935 as the Cabot family arrived on the property. 7. Renovations to the north facade, June 1938. 8. Land front facade with boxwood focal point at center and open lawn in front, February 1942. 9. Main approach to house in the 1970s after Daffodil Walk has been added. 10. Land front facade of main house as it is today, 2010.
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3 4 5
The Main HouseAsoneapproachesthemainhouseitself,youbecomedirectedviaanentranceroadaroundtotheeastofthemainhouseitselfandthenemergefromfirstanalléeofCedartrees(Juniperus virginiana)andthenagainoutofanalleeofLiveOaks(Quercus virginiana).FrancisH.Cabotdescribestheinitialexperienceoftheviewofthemainhousesuchthat,“oneglimpse[s]thefaçadeandthen[is]forcedtorediscoverthehousebybeingroutedaroundthegardenandparkinginanoystershellcourtyardandthenwalkingonthebrickentrancepathwiththegiantpecaninthebackground.”ixThebrickwalkappearsbeforethevisitorastheyapproachthelandfrontdoor. Whilethemainhousewasbeingconstructedin1795through1798theRoysaresaidtohavelivedinasmallbrickbuildingnolongerinevidencetodayastheyawaitedthecompletionoftheirnewhouseandplanningofthegardenandsurroundingsgrounds.Themainhousewasdesignedtohavealargecentralbuildingwithatticandcellar.Thewingswouldbeonestory,whilethecentralbuildingwastwostorieshigh.Amainhalllaidoutinpinewouldrunthroughfromnorthtosouthwithroomstoeachside.Astairwaywithtwolandingsthatwouldbecomeamagnificententranceareaandbesurroundedbypaneledwoodwork.xAdditonaleastandwestwingstothecentralbuildingwouldnotbeaddeduntil1838byRoy’sson,WilliamH.Roy.xiAlso,awindowseatrightofthelivingroombecameacupboard.“Thegreatcentralhall,withitsmagnificentstaircase;thedeeplyrecessedwindows,withwindowseats;thechandeliers,theoldmantelsandpaneling;thegreatfireplaces;thepricelessantiques;thehand-someoilpaintings;thesplendidlibrary;alltheseareonlyafewofthegestureswhichcontribut[ed]tothebeautyandcharmofGreenPlains”.Asitisclearfromdescriptions,themainhousewascraftedwiththeutmostcaretoarchitecturaldetail. WhenMr.andMrs.FrancisH.CabotheardofGreenPlainsinacardfromtheirRealEstateagentMr.FlorenceReedandupontheirfirstvisit,Mrs.FrancisH.Cabotwrites,“theplace,longuninhabited,andseenfirstonadullFebruaryday,hadnoneoftheromanticattractionofitsneighbor[Auburn];itwasshabbyandcolorlessunderthewintersky.Thehousewasofbrick,paintedpallidcream,a
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Postcard from Florence Reed to Mr. and Mrs. Francis H. Cabot introducing them to the Green Plains property circa 1935.
C H A P T E R I
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1
2 3
1. Main house in 1938 before renovations and still with stucco over bricks.
2. Maine house and entrance walk with kitchen couryard off of east wing, November 1938.
3. Main house and entrance area as it exists today with view towards the
Pecan tree (Carya illinoensis).
nicehip-roofedoblongtowhichmeanandstuntedwingshadbeenadded.”xiii Renovationstothemainhouseincludedtheremovalofpaintfromallofthefacades,buildinguptheeastandwestwings,andenlargingchimneys.RenovationswerewelldueastheGreatStormof1933hadstruckjustafewyearspriorandremodelingwouldhavetobefinishedbeforetheymovedintotheirnewhome.Animmediatechangewastheloweringofthewestwingthreefeetandtheadditionofnewwindows.Inaddition,thenorthfaçade,orwaterfrontofthehousewascompletelyremodeled.Thisisevidentinthemortarwhencompar-ingthenorthandsouthfacadesofthemainhouse.Thesouthsideisoriginal.FrancisH.(Frank)Cabot10recallsthat“therewaslittle,ifany,workdonetoonthewaterside.”xivCabotalsodescribesthewindowsashavingbeenintact,butsug-geststhattheshutterstotheNorthsidewereaddedonlytothatside.Fortheserenovationstothemainhouse,EdwardJ.(Eddie)Mathewswasthearchitect,butnoformaldrawingsandplanshavesurvived.
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5
6
7
4. View from Entrance Pathway towards driveway and Fishing Pier as it is today. Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) in the distance. 5. Entrance Pathway and driveway with focal points and boxwood lining pathways, January 1939. 6. Pecan tree, (Carya illinoensis) from the entrance pathway of brick looking towards the cove, photo taken 2010. 7. Installation of the brick entrance pathways, January 1939.
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1 2 3
4
5
6
7 8
1. Pecan tree (Carya illinoensis) December 28, 1937.2. Pecan tree (Carya illinoensis) in 1941.3. Pecan tree (Carya illinoensis) as it stands today.4. Libraray wing of the Green Plains main house.5. West wing before the library was added taken in 1946.6. West wing and Library with terrace as it exists today. 7. Currie Cabot sitting on terracing outside the west wing in February 1942.8. Francis H. Cabot with puppy, 1950s.
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Illustration depicting the waterfront of Green Plains main house. The east (right) and west (left) wings were added in 1938 by William H. Roy. The Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) in the front was planted by the Cabot family.
Ivy(Hedera helix)growingupthefacadeofthemainhousewasaddedasadetailtotherenovatedarchitecturetoboththenorthandsouthfacades“withEddie’sapprovalasawaytohidethebrandnewreplacementbrickafterthefaçadefelldown.”xvClippedpanelsbetweenthemainwindowsonthenorthfacadearedepictedthroughphotographsfromtheearly1940s.xvi Thewaterfrontsideofthemainhousewasaddedtowithasetofsemi-circularstepsthatweresimpleinformanddidnottakeawayfromtheviewoftheRiverinfront.ThesodstepsandtheterracingtothewestwingandthebrickentrancepathwaysandpatiospacearoundthelandfrontentrancewerealllandscapingdesignedbyEdwardJ.Mathews.AccordingtoCabot,thesedesignsweresimpleextensionsandadditionstothearchitecture,asnottodisruptthepeacefulandrestfulsetting.CabotrecollectsallplantingsthataccentuatedandlinedthepathwaysandfocalpointsashismotherCurrieCabot’sdoing.xvii
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PLANTSAcer rubrumBuxus sempervirensCarya illinoensisFargesia sp.Hosta sp.Lagerstroemia indica ‘Alba’Magnolia grandifloraMiscanthus sp.Paeonia sp.Prunus sp.Quercus sp. Rosa sp.Spartina sp.
MAINHOUSE
SODSTEPS
ENTRANCEWALK
KITCHENCOURTYARD
DRIVEWAY
POOLHOUSE
POOL
SHED
WELL
TERRACE
MAINWALK
PLANOFTHEMAINHOUSEANDITSIMMEDIATESURROUNDINGS N
Theentrancewalkwhichonewouldapproachfromthelandfront,andstilldoes,washeavilyplantedalongeachsidewithEnglishboxasbordersandfocalpoints.ThebrickpathwaytapersoffintoanarrowerbrickpathwayleadingtothegiantandquitepossiblythelargestPecantree(Carya illinoensis)ofTidewater.Thetreestillthrivestodaywithanastoundingoverallcircumferenceof21feet
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PLANTSAcer rubrumBuxus sempervirensCarya illinoensisFargesia sp.Hosta sp.Lagerstroemia indica ‘Alba’Magnolia grandifloraMiscanthus sp.Paeonia sp.Prunus sp.Quercus sp. Rosa sp.Spartina sp.
Illustration of the land front view of Green Plains main house. This picture also shows the Pecan tree (Carya illinoensis) to the right and smaller Pecan to the left. The pool house is in the distance to the left.
standingroughly125feettall.ThetreecanbeeasilymadeoutfromothertreesnearitfromevenamileawayacrosstheRiver. Theviewfromthemainhouseplayedanimportantroleintheoverallfeelingoftheplace.FrancisH.Cabotstatesthat“unobstructedorfocusedvistashavebeenandcontinuetobeveryimportantto[theCabotfamily]…andthat“thevistafromthefrontstoopoverthelawnbelowthecanopyofoldtreestowardstheentranceroadwassplendid(withtheroadextendingtoinfinity).”xviii ItismostremarkablehowGreenPlainswasinthe1800soneofthe“fewestateswhichstillremain[ed]inthefamilyofitsoriginalowners”xixand“keptupsoastobeapleasuretoallwhogothere”andtothisdayhasonlybeenownedandlivedinbyfivefamiliesoverthecourseofthepast214years.
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1 2
3
4
5
6
1. Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) on the South Lawn.2. Hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata) in bloom visible from the Sod Steps.
3. Oak tree (Quercus sp.) directly south of the steps. 4. View of Green Palins main house from the North River.5. Aerial of Green Plains South Lawn taken in the 1940s.
6. Aerial of the main house and Scalloped Wall taken around 2000.
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C H A P T E R I I
The South LawnManytreesandshrubsexistonthelawntoday.TheNorthRiverisjustbeyondtheMagnolia(Magnolia grandiflora)straightaheadorpastthewhiteCrapeMyrtle(Lagerstroemia indica ‘Alba’)rowtotheleftwhenviewingfromthesodsteps. Beforethebiggertreesthatmakeupthecanopyanddefineareasoftheyardwereplanted,Mrs.FrancisH.Cabotwritesaboutherhopesandideasaboutwhatitmightturnouttobe.Shewrites,“ourdreamsbegantopictureaplacethatcombinedthebeautiesofeveryoldVirginiahouseandgardenwehadseen..Inthatdaysix-inchboxbushesgrewinourimaginationsintoimmediateopulence,atulip-poplarsapling….Aninfantofmagnoliasspreadvastshadowsinourminds.”xxShediscovered,however,thesouthernclimateofherimaginationwhereeveryplantsheandherhusbandhadpicturedflourishingwitheasewouldprovetobemoredifficultinreality.Asmucheffortasittookhowever,standingtallandwideonthelawntodayarethoseplantingswhichshementionsabove,allatGreenPlains. OnthesouthlawnstandfiveMagnolias(Magnolia grandiflora)averaging8feetincircumference.ElsewhereonthepropertyisalargeTulip-poplar(Tulipifera liriodendron)andotherMagnoliasaswell.EachpathwayandimportantfocalpointwasaccentedatthattimewithBoxwood,albeitonlysurvivingwithprotectivestructuresinthewintertime.AnOaktree(Quercus sp.)alsothrivesonthelawn;justsouthofthesoftstepsandHydrangeas(Hydrangea paniculata)flourishinathickbordertomakeamoreprivatelycoveredandprotectedspace.
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SODSTEPS
DRIVEWAY
POOLHOUSE
POOL
SHED
WELL
SEAWALL
COVE
NORTHRIVER
POSTS
SOUTHLAWN
TERRACE
PLANTSAcer rubrum Buxus sempervirens Carya illinoensis Cypress sp. Fargesia sp. Gleditsia triacanthos Hydrangea paniculata Ilex opaca Juniperus virginiana Lagerstroemia indica ‘Alba’ Lagerstroemia indica ‘Rosea’ Magnolia grandiflora Miscanthus sp.Paeonia sp. Quercus sp. Spartina sp. Syringa sp.
MAINHOUSE
PLANOFTHESOUTHLAWNFROMTHEMAINHOUSE N
|28
Illustration of the South Lawn with a view towards the North River.
1
2 3
4
5 6
1. Aerial photograph of the cottage, shed and Peony Garden
revealing the original Boxwood design.
2. Photograph of the North Lawn cottages from the Cove.
3. VIew of the Peony Garden and cottage looking south.
4. Original structure on North Lawn taken in April 1937.
5. Cottage and Box Garden taken in the 1970s.
6. Restored cottages and shed photograph in snow taken in
January 1942.
|30
C H A P T E R I I ICottages and the North LawnThesmalloutbuildingsarelocatedonthenorthlawnacrossfromtheScallopedWallandGardenincludingashed,acottageandaduckhouse.Truetohistory,therewereandstillareinnumerableoutbuildings.However,withtheexceptionoftheconical-shapedduckhouse,theonesthatexistareofwood.Thosethatwereoncemadeofbrickarenolongerinexistence.AnneSeddonRutherfoordJohnsonrecordsthatthereusedtobeacarpenter’sshop,weavingroom,tanninghouse,oneoftheconical-shapedicehousesxxisooftenseeninTidewaterVirginia.
ThesmallcottagethatnowstandsalongthewestborderoftheNorthLawnbythecovewasoriginallyaslavequarters.Inthe1940s,thesmallhousewasre-donetobeanofficebytheCabots.TheofficelaterbecameacottagerenovatedbytheLongfamilyinthe1970s,completewithbedroomfurnitureandtoys.Nowthehouseisun-occupied,butisstillacottage.Justoutsideofitandtoitsnorthisabox-gardendesignedarea.AlthoughtheBoxwood(Buxus sempervirens)thatonceoutlinedthepathwaysarenotlongerthere,Peoniestaketheirplace.Thecircularbrickduckhousetoitsnorthisareplicaofitspredecessorgardenshedlocatedalongthescallopedwalltotheeast.Itismadeofbrickandhasadiameterofabout19’andwasaddedbytheCabotsinthe1940sandiswherethe“duckswouldwaddledowntothewater.”xxiiNolongeronthelawnarethetwosmallwhitecottagesorthewatertower.TheyhavenotexistedonthepropertysincetheCabotspurchaseditandbeganrenovationstotheotherbuildings. Asshowninphotographsfromthe1930sthroughthelate1950s,theNorthLawninbetweentheoutbuildingsandgardenwasbareandopen,withtheexceptionofsomelargetreessuchastheTulippoplar(Liriodendron tulipifera)thattodayhasacircumferenceof17feet.Alsocurrentlyonthelawn,alongbrickwalkthatstretchesthelengthofthenorthlawntotheentranceofthemainhouseandparalleltothegardenwallisanaddedapproachtothehouse.Mr.AugustusC.Long,wholivedformanyyearsinHollandandwasaDutch-knightbroughtDaffodilbulbsbackwithhimfromabroadandhadthemplantedalongtheDaffo-dilWalk.xxiiiAlthoughtheboxwoodthatoncemarkedafocalpointatthecenteroftheentrancebrickpatiotothehousedidnotsurvive,thisaddedwalkleadsonetothelandfrontentrancebothvisuallyandbyprovidingafootpath.
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MAINHOUSE
COVE
COTTAGE
PEONYGARDEN
LAWN
SHED
WELL
SCALLOPEDWALL
GARDENENTRANCE
GARDENENTRANCE
GARDENSHED
DAFFODILWALK
SHED
ENTRANCEWALKBRICKENTRANCE
PLANTSAcer rubrum Buxus sempervirens Carya illinoensis Cornus florida Ilex opaca Lagerstroemia indica ‘Rosea’ Ligustrum japonicum Liriodendron tulipifera Maclura pomifera Magnolia grandiflora Miscanthus sp. Paeonia sp. Pyrus calleryana Pyrus sp. Quercus rubra Rosa sp. Ulmus parviflora
PLANOFTHENORTHLAWNANDCOTTAGESN
|32
Illustration of the North Lawn and cottages including the shed, the cottage and the duck house. The Peony Garden is situated in-between the cottage (center) and the circular brick shed.
33|
1 2
3 4
5
6
7
9
81. Pier April 1937 when it extended from the South Lawn. 2. View of the second constructed Pier, January 6th, 1940
3. Renovation to pool house, April 1937. 4. Fencing and old pool house before the pool, November 1938.
5. Approach to the old kitchen house after restoration, May 28, 1939. 6. Fishing Pier as it is today, view from upstairs in the Pool House.
7. American Egret (Ardea alba) on the Fishing Pier.8. Pool house as it exists today.
9. View of the pool house and sea wall from the North River, 2010.
The Pool House and the Fishing PierOriginallythekitchenhouse,thereusedtobeaDutchovenwhereallmaincookingwaspreparedfortheRoyfamilyinthemainhousefewerthan90feetaway.The“out-of-doorskitchenhadanimmensefireplace-crane,andaDutchovenand,ofcourse,inthegoodolddays,a‘tinkitchen’wherehugesaddlesofmuttonandhaunchesofvenisonwereroastedbeforethegreatfireoflogs”and“oneithersideofthehousewere‘strikers’forthehouseservants,eachonehavinganespecialnumber,anditneededtwenty-onestrikestocompletethetallyinthedaysbefore61’-65’.”xxivLaterinthe1930swhentheCabotspurchasedthepropertythiswasthefirsthousetheyrenovatedandlivedinbeforemovingintothemainhouse.ThisgavetheCabotfamilymoretimetorenovatethebighouse.Thereusedtobeaporchwhereonecouldsitandlookoutattheviewofthenorthriver. Todaythishousefunctionsasapoolhousewithasmallfence,benchforsittingandpoolshedbothconvertedbyAugustusC.Longintheearly1970s.Themainhousehasbeenaddedtointheformofaglassed-inporch.AfterthehousewasconvertedintoapoolhouseunderAugustusC.Longitburnedinafireintheearly1970s,butwasrebuilttolookthewayitdidinitspreciselocation. Thepierwasoriginallylocatedjustsouthofthelawnatthemainhouses’waterfront,butnowhasbeenre-builtandmovedtoasecondlocationclosertothedriveway,justnorthofthepoolhouse.DorothyS.Longextendedthepiertoultimatelyberoughly350feetinlengthinearly2000.TheviewinthedistancelooksacrosstheMobjackbackandoutintotheChesapeake.SometimesaWhiteEgret(Ardea alba)canbefoundspendingtimeonthepierenjoyingthemagnificentwaterscene.
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C H A P T E R I V
35|
POOLHOUSE
POOL
SHED
PIER
DRIVEWAY
PLANTSFargesia sp. Magnolia grandiflora Miscanthus sp. Rosa sp. Spartina sp. Zelkova serrata
PLANOFPOOLHOUSE,POOLAREAANDFISHINGPIER N
|36
Illustrations of the pool house, pool area and fishing pier from various angles.
37|
1
2
3
4 5
6 7 8
1. Side-aerial of the Scalloped Wall just north of the center garden entrance gate posts, as it is today. 2. Scalloped Wall and Crape myrtles (Lagerstroemia indica ‘Rosea’ ) from inside the garden. 3. Aerial photograph of the Scalloped Wall taken in 2010. 4. South wall remains with shed in background. Evidence of a straight wall similar to the North wall. Photograph from 1938. 5. View of Garden
and ivy (Hedera helix) covered Scalloped Wall taken in 1946. 6. Scalloped Wall from the north lawn before the garden shed was added at the north end, photographed December 28, 1937.7.Scalloped Wall without coping. Photograph from 1936.
8. South garden entrance and new south wall designed by Eddie Mathews, photographed May 1941.
The Garden DuringtheVictorianperiod,thegardenhada“broad,graveledwalk[that]extendedfromeasttowestasoneentered,andanotherfromnorthtosouthcrosseditinthemiddle,wheretherewasalatticedsummer-housecoveredwithjasmineandhoneysuckleandfittedwithseatsinside.”Therealsoexistedasecondwalkborderedbygrapeswith“flower-bedsincirclesandhectagonalswhereeverysortofsweetold-timebloomwascultivated.”PlantedatintervalsmighthavebeenArborvitaetreeswithLiliesofthevalley,Calycanthus,Smoketrees,TamariskandEnglishlaburnumandbox.xxvHowever,by1937Mrs.FrancisH.Cabotdescribesthegroundsashavingbeenthesettingof“dun-coloredgrassfromwhichrosenakedtrees.”xxviMrs.CabotbeganherworkinthegardenbyusingitasanurseryforgrowingEnglishboxwood(Buxus sempervirens).HercarefulformalBoxGardenthatwouldemergeonlyseveralyearsaftershehadcommencedherworkoutdoors.AstheCabotssummeredinQuébec,thegardenwasmainlyaspringgardenofAzaleas(Azalea),Daffodils(Narcissus)andformorespatialarticulation,Englishboxwood(Buxus sempervirens)andCrapemyrtles(Lagerstroemia)plantedalongverticalaxes. Intheearly1970sthegardenwasagainredone,butthistimewithmorestructurallandscapeelementsincludingatrellisandformalbrickpathwayswithinthegarden.Floweringplantingswereaddedforsummer-longinterestsuchasCannas(Canna),Lilies(Lilium),andRoses(Rosea)manyofwhichhavesurvivedthestormsandareinterspersedwithinthegardenbeds.TheCrapemyrtles(Lagerstroemia)stillbloominvibrantshadesofpinksrangingfromapaleblushtonetoadeeperrosecolor.Thetrellisnolongerstands,butthebrickpathwaytoandfromitstillremains.
The Scalloped Wall DesignedbyJamesH.Royanddatingbacktothelayingoutofthemainhouseandgroundsasearlyas1795,theScallopedWalliscomposedofasetoftwelvesemi-circularscallopsthatstand4½feettallandfromthewestperimeteroftheOldGarden.Itsentrancegateislocatedinthecenterbetween6scallopstoitsnorthandsouthpronouncedbyabrickpostoneithersidestandingjustover5
|38
C H A P T E R V
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1. Garden shed and North Wall (right) as it is today. 2. North Wall taken from inside the garden space. 3. The Inner Garden facing east towards the water. A small sundial is located in the center of the Garden today. 4. Aerial photograph of the North Wall as it stands today. 5. Aerial photograph of the Inner Garden in the early 2000s Dorothy S. Long and friend pictured in center. 6. Currie Cabot pictured
walking near the border of the Box Garden, photograph taken in February 1942 .7.North Wall, taken in June of 1938. 8. Garden trellis in the east part of the garden where now exists a raised bed of Peonies, photographed in the 1970s.
|40
feet.Thesemi-circlesareportionsofcircleswithadiameterof115inches.Thedi-mensionfromtheendofonescallopposttotheothermeasuresjustover17feet.Mrs.FrancisH.Cabotwrites,“mostofthewall..tumbleddownlongago,andwasrebuiltin1920.Oftheoriginalwallonlytwoscallopsremain,oneithersideofthegardengate..andstillretaintheircopingofmoldedbrick.”xxviiThegroundplaneisflatbothinsidethegardenandoneithersideoftheScallopedWall.However,thereiswrittenevidenceofeachscallophavingbeenitsowngardeninwhicharaisedmoundwouldhavefilledtheinteriorofthescallopswherevioletsandarosebushwithineachonemighthavegrown.HurricaneErnesto’swindsaresaidtohavebeenthecauseforknockingdownahugeoldtreenexttothewallandthus,therootsdamagedthescallopedwallinseveralareas.xxviii
The North Wall Thewalliscomposedofbricksthatareallalignedinthesamedirection;horizon-tally.Thepostsareatvaryingintervalsthatareinconsistentdistancesfromoneanother,thelargerofwhichmatchthepostsoftheScallopedWall.ThemaingateatthecenterofthewallissignificantlywiderthanthatoftheScallopedWallandnolongerstandsuprightafterstormIsabelandHurricaneErnesto.AcircularbrickGardenShedwasaddedbytheCabotFamilyinthe1940swheretheNorthWallandScallopedWallmeet.TheGardenShedisbuiltontopofthewallsitselfandiscurrentlyusedasastorageshedfortoolsandthelike.
The South WallOnlysomeremainsaredepictedina1938photographofatallSouthWall.xxixHowever,theCabotskeptwhatwasleftofthewallbysupportingitwithapost,addedapillaranddesignedasmallerbrickwallalongtheperimeterofthesouthendoftheGardensetroughly3feetawayfromtheoldwall,astocreateanopen-ingandalternateentrancetotheGarden.ThisshallowSouthWallstandsroughly2½feettall,butinphotographsfromthe1940srevealsawoodentrellisthatwouldhaveaddedtoitsheight.Perhapsonce“againstthesouthernwallsPome-granatesandfigsripenedtoperfectionandFrenchartichokes”xxxmighthavegrown.TodaythegardensideorinteriorofthiswallislinedwithRoses(Rosea).
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DRIVEWAYPIER
INNERGARDEN
BRICKPATHWAY
RAISEDGARDEN
SCALLOPEDWALL
GARDENSHED
GARDENENTRANCE
GARDENENTRANCE
SOUTHWALL
NORTHWALL
ENTRANCEWALK
TENNISCOURT
SHED
PLANTSAcer rubrumAlbizia julibrissin Gleditsia triacanthos Ilex opaca Lagerstroemia indica ‘Rosea’ Magnolia grandiflora Paeonia sp.Prunus sp. Quercus virginiana Rosa sp. Salix sp. Spartina sp. Viburnum sp. Zelkova serrata
OFFICE
OAKDRIVE
PLANOFTHEINNERGARDENANDSCALLOPEDWALL N
|42Illustration of the scalloped wall looking into the main garden entrance. Also pictured is ‘Happy’ the dog who currently lives on the property.
A Family Cemetery Accordingtooldrecordsoftheproperty,andastypicalofsuchfamilyproperties,wasanoldCemeterythatissupposedtohaveexistedjusteastofthegardenwalls.ItisindicatedinwritingthatitwouldhavebeenbackoftheGardenanddownneartheshoreandthatitwas“surroundedwithahighbrickwall.”xxxiHowever,noremnantsexisttodayofeitherthewallorstones.InitssupposedlocationisnowatenniscourtaddedbyAugustusC.Longinthe1970sandissurroundedbyafenceandasmallportionoflandbeforethewaters’edge.ThegravesthataresaidtohaveexistedtherewerethoseofWilliamH.Roy,ElizabethBoothandAnneSeddonRutherfoordJohnson.
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1 2
3 45
6 7
1. Arbor and Gladiolas (Gladiolus sp.) in bloom in August 2010. 2. Aerial photograph of the haha along the pasture, 2010. 3. The old original well east of the cove and a Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora). 4. The Orchard facing the office and barn as it is today, 2010. 5. The lawn and driveway facing the old barn. The drive has since been replaced by an Arbor. In the distance the old fence and gate are present. Photograph from 1941. 6. From what is today the Arbor, looking west towards the well. Photograph from January 1941 .7.Sheep
grazing in the pasture. 1946. 8. Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) in bloom along the edges of the Arbor.
8
|44
The Orchard, Arbor, Well and HahaJustnorthoftheOldGardenandalongtheoldnorthbrickwallliestheOrchardandwoodenArboraddedinthepast10yearsbyDorothyS.Long.IntheOrchardareroughly12speciesofPeartreessuchastheBradfordpear(Pyrus calleryana).SomesmallflowersbloomalongandwithinthearborincludingGladiolas(Gladi-olus)andPassionflowers(Passiflora incarnata). Anoldroadusedtorunthroughthisarea,aportionofwhichisnowcov-eredbyanarchedArbor.Itsconfigurationrunsfromthefarmtotheoldoriginalwell.ThewellwasgivenacoveredstructurebyEdwardJ.MathewswhentheCabotslivedatGreenPlains. AHahacommencesabouthalfwaybetweenthebarnsandtheshedstotheeastofthewell.Asmallbridgealsoleadsintothepastures.TheHahawasputinbytheCabotstokeepthesheepandcattlegrazingbeyondtheyard,butstillvisibleinthedistancefromthemainhouse.Today,thewallactsasadividerbetweentheNorthLawnandthehorsepastures.
C H A P T E R V I
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GRAVELCIRCLE
ARBOUR
PASTURE
FENCING
COVE
PEONYGARDEN
MAINWALK
ORCHARD
BRIDGE
HAHA
NORTHWALL
SCALLOPEDWALL
GARDENSHED
DUCKHOUSE
COTTAGE
WELL
PLANTSAcer rubrum Ilex opaca Liriodendron tulipifera Magnolia grandiflora Paeonia sp. Pyrus calleryana Pyrus sp. Quercus virginiana
PLANOFORCHARD,HAHA,ARBORANDWELL
Illustration of the Orchard and Arbror facing the old well along the Haha.
N
|46
Illustration of bridge crossing the Haha and the main house off in the distance ahead. The Cove is to the west (right in picture) and the Orchard and Arbor are to its opposite.
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1
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
1. Daffodils lining the edge of the pastures, 2000.
2. Construction of the old barn in February, 1938.
3. Pastures just north of the horse stable, 2010.
4. The main barn from the North River, 2010.
5. View looking east at the barn and old gates, 2010.
6. Horse stable looking south towards the river, 2010.
7. Inside the horse stable, 2010.
8.The original well, photograph taken in 1938.
9. Horses in the north pasture, 2010.
The FarmAn“unusualnumberoffinebarns,andquartersforhouseservantsandfieldhands”aresaidtohaveaccompaniedthemainhouseandgardenwhenMr.andMrs.JamesH.RoyfirstbuiltGreenPlainsinthelate1700s.xxxiiThisaspectofthefarmwasalsocharacteristicofthepropertywhentheCabotslivedatGreenPlainswhounderthedesignofEdwardJ.Mathews,erectedseveralfarmbuildingsincludingthecattleshed,ahaybarn,acornshed,andsmokehouseofwhichsomehavebeenconvertedtohorsestables,tractorshedsandstoragespace. Sincethattime,DorothyS.Longredesignedthecowbarnintoahorsebarnandusedherfather’scowbarnforthehayinabout1998.Longaslohadthefencesbuiltin1998,uponherintroductiontothehorseracebusiness.Longstatesthey“camefromLexington,Kentuckytobuildthemandputinthetrainingringsforthe‘babies’.”Shealsosyas,“horsesareflgithanimalsandthe‘MonteRoberts’(horsewhisperer)suggeststheroundpenstoaccomplish‘joinup’easily..using“horsespeak..thekinder,gentlerwayto‘make’asopposedto‘break’”.Shesaysshehadtheideaofhavingfullyintegratedbreeding,racingandretiringforre-trainingasshow,hunterjumpersandpolo.xxxiiiTherearenolongeranycattleorsheepontheproperty. Ontheperimetersofwhatisallocatedforthefarmismostlyforestedareas,withtheexceptionofsomestorageshedsandpastures.ThisareaextendsintoacoveredareawhichCurrieCabotdescribesas“wildernessthatissomuchapartofVirginiaisveryclose,evenhereinthiswell-populatedcounty.Thedeerbrowseonthehoneysuckleattheedgeofthefiledswhilethetractorploughsbackandforthoverlandthatashortwhileagowaslostinmyrtlethicket;thesoundsofmechanizedfarming,likethoseoftheplanesthatcomeandgocontinuallyoverheadhavebecomeanintegralapartofthecountryasthebuzzingofinsects.”xxxiv
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C H A P T E R V I I
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cove
PASTURE
HORSESHELTER
PASTURE
PASTURE
CARETAKERHOUSE
SHED
SHED
OFFICE
TRACTORSHED
DRIVEWWAY
PASTURE
TRAININGRING
HORSESTABLE
CEDARDRIVE
GRAVELCIRCLE
BARN
TENNISCOURT
ARBOUR
ORCHARD
WELL
HAHA
BRIDGE
FENCING
FENCINGFENCING
FENCING
FENCING
FENCING
PLANTSAcer rubrum Albizia julibrissin Gleditsia triacanthos Ilex opaca Juniperus virginiana Liriodendron tulipifera Magnolia grandiflora Pyrus calleryana Pyrus sp. Quercus virginiana Spartina sp. Viburnum sp.
PLANOFFARMANDCARETAKERHOUSEN
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PLANTSAcer rubrum Albizia julibrissin Gleditsia triacanthos Ilex opaca Juniperus virginiana Liriodendron tulipifera Magnolia grandiflora Pyrus calleryana Pyrus sp. Quercus virginiana Spartina sp. Viburnum sp.
Illustration the old barn and tractor.
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1 2
3 41. View through the shed to the Caretaker House, 2010. 2. Caretaker House, 2010. 3. Construction of barn sheds and renovation of the
Caretaker House, photograph taken in April 1938. 4. Caretaker Cottage, 2010.
5. Renovated Caretaker House, 1946. 6. Renovations to the Caretaker House, March 30 1938.
7. Caretaker dwelling designed by Edward J. Mathews and photographed in 1946.
6 75
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C H A P T E R V I I IThe Caretakers’ QuartersThecaretaker’shouseanddwellingsweredesignedbyEdwardJ.(Eddie)Mathewsinthe1930s.Themaincaretakerhousewhichstillstandstodayisdesignedaftertheoldkitchenhousewithamainchimneylocatedinthecenterofthehouse.Asoneapproachesthefarmarea,aviewthroughoneofthelargerbarnsframesthesettingofthehouseandaMagnoliatree(Magnolia grandiflora)inthebackground.
53|EXISTINGCONDITIONSPLAN
SCALLOPEDWALLSOUTHWALL
INNERGARDEN
NORTHWALL
OFFICE
BARN
CARETAKERHOUSE
SHED
TRACTORSHED
HORSESTABLE
PASTURE
TRAININGRING
TENNISCOURT
DRIVEWAY
POOLHOUSE
PIER
MAINHOUSE
MAINWALK
SOUTHLAWN
NORTHLAWNANDCOTTAGES
HAHA
WELLANDGRAVELCIRCLE
ORCHARDANDARBOUR
PEONYGARDEN
PASTURE
CEDARDRIVE
N
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ExistingPlantingsTreesAcer rubrum Red MapleAlbizia julibrissin Persian Silk Tree Carya illinoensis Pecan Cornus florida Flowering DogwoodCypress sp. CypressGleditsia triacanthos Honey LocustIlex opaca American HollyJuniperus virginiana Red CedarLagerstroemia indica ‘Alba’ White Crape MyrtleLagerstroemia indica ‘Rosea’ Rose Crape MyrtleLigustrum japonicum Japanese PrivetLiriodendron tulipifera Tulip PoplarMaclura pomifera Osage OrangeMagnolia grandiflora MagnoliaPyrus calleryana Bradford PearPyrus sp. PearPrunus sp. Weeping CherryQuercus rubra Northern Red OakQuercus virginiana Southern Live OakQuercus sp. OakSalix sp. WillowSyringa sp. Lilac TreeUlmus parviflora Lacebark ElmZelkova serrata Japanese Zelkova
ShrubsBuxus sempervirens American BoxwoodHydrangea paniculata Panicle HydrangeaViburnum sp. Viburnum
PerennialsFargesia sp. Clumping BambooMiscanthus sp. Maiden GrassPaeonia sp. PeonyRosa sp. RoseSpartina sp. Cordgrass
AfterwordNaturally,overthecourseofthepast200yearsnotallbuildingstructuresorplantingshaveremainedatGreenPlains.Nonetheless,thevibrantcharacterofthemainhouse,celebratedscallopedwallandgroundsstillexiststoday.Insomeinstancesmoreevidentthanwithothers,avibranthistorymarkedbyfourfamilies;twogenerationsoftheRoys,theCabotsandtwogenerationsoftheLongfamilyisevidentatthismostspecialpropertyalongtheNorthRiver,Virginia.Thewaysinwhichpieceswithinthegardenandarchitecturalstructureshavecometotellthestoryofthisevervitalpropertyvalidatetheimportanceofitspreservation. ItismyhopethatthisanalysisofexistingconditionswillaccuratelyreflectapastthatisgoneandprovidesalookathowthoseeventsshapedwhatGreenPlainsistoday.Throughcarefulanalysisoftheexistingconditions,aswellasathoroughlookintothepast,anunderstandingisgleanedofhowthelandscape,thehistoricaleventsanditsownershaveshapedGreenPlainsasweknowitto-day.Itiswiththiscompilationofinformationthatwecometoanewunderstandingoftheimmensevalueincontinuingthepreservationofthissitesothatitmaylastwellintothefutureforgenerationstocome.
NOTES
1JamesH.RoywasamathematicianwhostudiedattheUniversityofEdinburgh.HeisresponsibleforthedesignoftheGreenPlainsmainhouseaswellasthescallopedwallthatisaseriesof12semi-circu-larforms.HealsolivedatGreenPlainsandwassucceededbyhisrelativeWilliamH.Roy.JamesHenryRoy,sonofMungoRoyofLocustGrove,CarolineCountywasamathematicianwhostudiedattheUniversityof.HemarriedElizabethBoothofBelleville.HeservedasmemberoftheHouseofDelegatesasdidhisson,WilliamHenryRoy.
2WilliamH.Roy,sonofJamesH.RoyandElizabethBooth.HewasadelegateoftheHouseofDele-gatesfrom1832to1834andinheritedGreenPlains.HusbandofAnneSeddonRutherfoordwhotogeth-erhadtwodaughters;Mrs.JohnC.Rutherfoord,ofRockCastle,andMrs.ThomasH.Carter,ofPam-patike.HelatermarriedagaintoEphan,daughterofJohnMaCrae,ofParkGate,PrinceWilliamCounty.Theyhadthreechildren;Mrs.WashingtonandMrs.Goldsboro,ofMaryland,andMrs.H.McKendreeBoyd,ofGreenPlains.HeisresponsiblefortheEastandWestwingtothemainhouseadditions.
3EdwardJ.(Eddie)MathewsisthebrotherofCurrieCabot(Mrs.FrancisH.Cabot)anddesignerofmuchofthepavingandwalksatGreenPlainsimmediatelysurroundingthehouseandgardens.Heisalsoresponsibleforthedesignofadditionstothemainhouseontheeastandwestwing,theterraceoutsideofthewestwing,themainhousesodsteps,andrenovationstotheinteriorofthehousethatweredoneinthe1940sand1950s.Hewasanaccomplishedarchitect.HewasfirstapartnerofMc-kim,Mead&WhiteandthenadesignerpartnerofSkidmore,Owings&Merrill.HedesignedthecurrentChaseManhattanBankbuildinginNewYorkCity,theheadquartersforConnecticutGeneralLifeInsur-ancenearHartfordandtheR.J.ReynoldsHeadquartersinRichmondamongotherprojects.MathewsalsodesignedtheCabotfamilyburialplotatWareChuchcemeteryinGloucesterCounty,Virginia.
4Mrs.FrancisH.(Currie)CabotwasthewifeofthelateFrancisH.Cabot.Sheisresponsibleforplantingtheboxwood.SheandherbrotherEdwardJ.MathewsdesignedwheretheboxwoodwouldbeplannedatGreenPlainstooutlinepathways,softenedges,andtocreatefocalpointsthroughoutthelandscape.In1947shewroteanarticleonGreenPlainspublishedinTown&Countrycirca1947.Sheandherhus-bandFrancisH.CabotareburiedintheWareChurchcemeteryinGloucesterCounty,Virginia.
5Mr.AugustusC.Long,formerCEOofTexacopurchasedGreenPlainsfromtheCabotsin1959.Hisdaughter,DorothyS.Long,currentlylivesatGreenPlains.Heisresponsiblefortheadditiontothewestwingofthemainhouseaswellastherenovationsofnumerousoutbuildingsandtheadditionofthepoolandtenniscourtsinthe1970s.HewasalsoLieutenantduringWWIIfortheUnitedStatesNavy.
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6JamesCogarwasresponsibleforchangestotheinteriorofthemainhouseinthe1960sand1970s.Majorchangestotheinteriorincludedthefireplaces,interiordecoratingofthedownstairsfloorsandwoodworkinthelibrarywestwingextension.
7DorothyS.LongisthecurrentownerofGreenPlainsproperty.ShelivestherewithhersonAugustusJ.Long.DorothyspentmanyyearsasachildatGreenPlainswhenherfatherAugustusC.Longownedtheproperty.
8ElizabethBoothwasthedaughterofGeorgeBoothofBellevillewhowasarepresentativeoftheHouseofDelegatesfrom1718to1719.UponhermarriagetoJamesH.RoysheandherhusbandbecamethefirstfamilytoliveintheGreenPlainsmainhouse.
9AnneSeddonRutherfoordJohnsonisthedaughterofThomasSeddonofFredericksburg.ShewasthefirstwifeofWilliamH.Roywithwhomshehadtwodaughters;Mrs.JohnC.Rutherfoord,ofRockCastle,andMrs.ThomasH.Carter,ofPampatike.SheisresponsibleforawrittendepictionofwhatGreenPlainswaslikeduringthe1800sthatisallthatremainsfromitsearlyphasesasahomeandVictorianGarden.
10FrancisH.(Frank)CabotcurrentlylivesinQuebecwithhiswifeAnneontheirfamilypropertyLesQuatreVents,aprivategarden.AnAmericangardenerandhorticulturalist,photographer,graduateofHarvardCollegeand,previouschairmanoftheNewYorkBotanicalGardenandfounderoftheGardenConservancy,CabothasgardenedalloverAmericaandhelpedintherestorationandpreservationofmanylandscapesthroughouttheworld.HeisalsoauthorofthebookThe Greater Perfection at Les Quatre Vents.CabotspentmanyyearsasayoungboyatGreenPlainsandnotonlysharedhisfamilyphotographsandoldrecordsofGreenPlainsforthisproject,buthismemoriesofbeingtherethrough-outtheentireprocess.
|56
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ThisprojecthasbeenmadepossiblebytheGardenClubofVirginia,whichannuallyoffersRudyJ.Fa-
vrettiFellowship.SpecialthanksareduetothemembersoftheFellowshipCommittee.Thanksaredue
totheCabotsforsharingtheirfamilyphotoalbumsfromthe1930sthroughthe1960sandansweringmy
relentlessquestions.WithappreciationforFrankCabot,whohassharedwithmehischildhoodmemo-
riesandunparalleledsupportinmyendeavorswiththeGreenPlainsprojectasbotharesourceand
mentor.ThanksarealsoduetoSallyGuy,SusanandWilliamPerrin,WillRieley,BrentHeath,Roxanne
Brouse,MurdochMatheson,SandraGeiger,JebbandChrisCuthbert,andmyparentsNorwigandMi-
cheleDebye-Saxingerfortheirsupport,aswellasmembersoftheGardenClubofVirginia.Iwouldlike
tothankDorothyS.Longforcontributingtothepreparationofthisworkandwhogavefrequentlyofher
timeandknowledge.Forwithoutthemall,thiswouldnothavebeenpossible.
--------MariaDebye-Saxinger,RudyJ.FavrettiFellowshipRecipient2010
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APPENDIXA:EXISTINGPLANTINGSANDBUILTELEMENTSINDEXEXISTINGCONDITIONSPLAN ExistingPlantings
TreesAcer rubrum Red MapleAlbizia julibrissin Persian Silk Tree Carya illinoensis Pecan Cornus florida Flowering DogwoodCypress sp. CypressGleditsia triacanthos Honey LocustIlex opaca American HollyJuniperus virginiana Red CedarLagerstroemia indica ‘Alba’ White Crape MyrtleLagerstroemia indica ‘Rosea’ Rose Crape MyrtleLigustrum japonicum Japanese PrivetLiriodendron tulipifera Tulip PoplarMaclura pomifera Osage OrangeMagnolia grandiflora MagnoliaPyrus calleryana Bradford PearPyrus sp. PearPrunus sp. Weeping CherryQuercus rubra Northern Red OakQuercus virginiana Southern Live OakQuercus sp. OakSalix sp. WillowSyringa sp. Lilac TreeUlmus parviflora Lacebark ElmZelkova serrata Japanese Zelkova
ShrubsBuxus sempervirens American BoxwoodHydrangea paniculata Panicle HydrangeaViburnum sp. Viburnum
PerennialsFargesia sp. Clumping BambooMiscanthus sp. Maiden GrassPaeonia sp. PeonyRosa sp. RoseSpartina sp. Cordgrass
|58N
THEMainhouse
59|
ExistingPlantingsAR Acer RubrumBS Buxus sempervirensCI Carya illinoensisFS Fargesia sp.HS Hosta sp.LIa Lagerstroemia indica ‘Alba’L LawnMG Magnolia grandifloraMS Miscanthus sp.PS Paeonia sp.PP Prunus sp.QS Quercus sp. RS Rosa sp.SS Spartina sp.
BuiltElementsI MainHouseII TerraceIII MainWalkIV EntranceWalkV SodStepsVI KitchenCourtyardVII DrivewayVIII PoolHouseIX PoolX PoolShedXI Well
(CI)
(PS)
(PS)(BS)
(QS)
(BS)
(RS)
(MG) (MG) (MG) (MG)
(MG)
(HS)
(HS) (FS)(SS)
(LIa)
(MS) (MS)
(PP)
(RS)
(PS)
(AR)
L
L(CI)
(CI)
(CI)I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
N
SOUTHLAWN
|60
ExistingPlantingsAR Acer rubrum BS Buxus sempervirens CI Carya illinoensis CS Cypress sp. FS Fargesia sp. GT Gleditsia triacanthos HP Hydrangea paniculata IO Ilex opaca JV Juniperus virginiana LIa Lagerstroemia indica ‘Alba’
LIr Lagerstroemia indica ‘Rosea’ L Lawn MG Magnolia grandiflora MS Miscanthus sp.PS Paeonia sp. QS Quercus sp. SS Spartina sp. Ss Syringa sp.
BuiltElementsI MainHouseII DrivewayIII TerraceIV SodStepsV WellVI PostsVII SeaWallVIII PoolHouseIX PoolX PoolShed
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VII
VIII
IXX
(CI)
(CI)
(CI)(RS)
(BS) (BS)
(MG)
(QS)
(HP)
(HP)
(LIa)
(LIa)(LIa)
(Ss)(Ss)
(Ss)
(LIa)(LIa)
(LIa)(LIa)(LIr)
(GT)
(MG)
(PS)
(PS) (PS)
(MG) (MG)
(MS) (MS)
(MG)
(IO)
(IO)
(IO)
(MG)
(FS)(SS)
(SS)
(AR)
(AR)
(CS)
(FS) (FS)
(JV)(JV)
(JV)
(JV)(JV)
L
N
NORTHLAWNANDCOTTAGES
61|
ExistingPlantingsAR Acer rubrum BS Buxus sempervirens CI Carya illinoensis CF Cornus florida IO Ilex opaca LIr Lagerstroemia indica ‘Rosea’ L Lawn LJ Ligustrum japonicum LT Liriodendron tulipifera MP Maclura pomifera MG Magnolia grandiflora MS Miscanthus sp. PS Paeonia sp. PC Pyrus calleryana PR Pyrus sp. QR Quercus rubra RS Rosa sp. UP Ulmus parviflora
BuiltElementsI MainHouseII BrickEntranceIII MainWalkIV EntranceWalkV ScallopedWallVI GardenEntranceVII GardenEntranceVIII CottageIX ShedX DuckHouseXI GardenShedXII PeonyGardenXIII Well
(CI)
(CI)
(BS) (BS)
(QR)L
(RS)
(RS)
(CF)
(CF)
(MG)
(LT)
(PC)
(PR)
(IO)
(LIr)
(AR)
(PS)
(PS)
(PS) (PS)
(MP)
(MP)
(UP)
(LJ)
(CI)
(CI)
(CI)
(MS)
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
XI
XII
XIII
X
N
POOLHOUSE
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ExistingPlantings FS Fargesia sp. MG Magnolia grandiflora MS Miscanthus sp. RS Rosa sp. SS Spartina sp. ZS Zelkova serrata
BuiltElementsI PoolHouseII PoolIII ShedIV PierV Driveway
I
II
III
IV
V
(MG)
(ZS)
(SS)
(RS)
(MS)
(FS)
N
OLDGARDEN
63|
ExistingPlantingsAR Acer rubrumAJ Albizia julibrissin GS Gleditsia triacanthos IO Ilex opaca LIr Lagerstroemia indica ‘Rosea’ MG Magnolia grandiflora PS Paeonia sp.PP Prunus sp. QV Quercus virginiana RS Rosa sp. SA Salix sp. SS Spartina sp. VS Viburnum sp. ZS Zelkova serrata
BuiltElementsI GardenShedII NorthWallIII ScallopedWallIV GardenEntranceV GardenEntranceVI GardenEntranceVII SouthWallVIII BrickPathwayIX DrivewayX OfficeXI TennisCourtXII ShedXIII Well
(AR)
(LIr)
(VS)
(VS) (VS) (VS) (VS)
(GT) (AJ)
(AJ)
(MG)
(QV)
(QV)
(QV)
(QV)
(QV)(QV)
(PP)
(RS)
(IO)
(IO)
(IO)(PS)
(PS)
(MG)(ZS)
(SA)
(LIr)
(LIr)
(LIr)
(LIr)(LIr)(LIr)
(LIr) (LIr)(QV)
(MG)
I
II
III
IV
V
VIVII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
XIII
N
I
X
IXVIII
II
VI
V
XIII
IV III
III
|64
HAHA,ORCHARD,ARBOURANDWELL
ExistingPlantingsAR Acer rubrum IO Ilex opaca LT Liriodendron tulipifera MG Magnolia grandiflora PS Paeonia sp. PC Pyrus calleryana PR Pyrus sp. QV Quercus virginiana
I BridgeII NorthWallIII GravelCircleIV WellV DuckHouseVI HahaVII ArbourVIII MainWalkIX GardenShedX ScallopedWallXI PeonyGardenXII CottageXIII Fencing
XI
XII
(AR)(IO)
(IO)
(LT)
(MG)
(MG)
(PS)
(PC)
(PR) (PR)(PR)
(QV)
N
THEFARM,CARETAKERHOME,ORCHARD,HAHAANDTHECEDARALLEEExistingPlantingsAR Acer rubrum AJ Albizia julibrissin GS Gleditsia triacanthos IO Ilex opaca JV Juniperus virginianaL Lawn LT Liriodendron tulipifera MP Maclura pomifera MG Magnolia grandiflora P Pasture PC Pyrus calleryana PR Pyrus sp. QV Quercus virginiana SS Spartina sp. VS Viburnum sp.
BuiltElementsI CedarDriveII DrivewayIII GravelCircleIV WellV HorseShelterVI HahaVII ArbourVIII CottageIX DuckHouseX GardenShedXI ScallopedWallXII NorthWallXIII OfficeXIV TennisCourtXV ShedXVI TractorShedXVII SilohXVIII BarnXIX HorseStableXX TrainingRingXXI CaretakerHouseXXII ShedXXIII Fencing
(JV)
(JV)(JV)
(AR)(IO)
(IO)
(VS)(LT)(MP)
(MG)
(MG)
(QV)(QV)
(SS)
P
P
L
(PC)(PR)
(PR) (PR)
P
P
P
(SS)
(QV)
(PS)
(AJ)(GT)
I
II
IIIIV
V
VI
XVIXVII
XVIII
XIX
XX
XXIXXII
XXIII
XXIII
XXIII
XXIII
XXIII
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XIIXIII
XV
XIV
65|
N
AERIALPHOTOGRAPHS,GREENPLAINS
|66
APPENDIXB:AERIALSURVEYMATERIALSANDMAPSINDEX
PROPERTYSURVEYFROMAERIAL
67|
MOBJACKBAY,LIBRARYOFCONGRESS1862
|68
1916USGS,MATHEWSCOUNTY
69|
1917USGS,MATHEWSCOUNTY
|70
1986USGS,MATHEWSCOUNTY
71|
CADASTRALMAP,GREENPLAINSPROPERTY
|72
2005USGS,MATHEWSCOUNTY
73|
2010,SIGNIFICANTPLACES
|74
ENDNOTESiJohnson,AnneSeddonRutherfoord.“GreenPlains.”HistoricGardensofVirginia.Richmond,Virginia.:TheJamesRiverGardenClub.,1923.158-160.Print.
iiChristian,FrancesArcher,andSusanneWilliamsMassie.HomesandGardensinOldVirginia.Richmond,Virginia:RichmondGarrettandMassieInc.,1962.Print.
iiiJohnson,AnneSeddonRutherfoord.“GreenPlains.”HistoricGardensofVirginia.Richmond,Virginia.:TheJamesRiverGardenClub.,1923.158-160.Print.
ivNethertonetal.,Nan.“TheEstablishmentofGloucesterCounty.”AHistory.Fairfax:Sinclair,1992.38.Print.
vChristian,FrancesArcher,andSusanneWilliamsMassie.HomesandGardensinOldVirginia.Richmond,Virginia:RichmondGarrettandMassieInc.,1962.Print.
viMontague,LudwellLee.GloucesterCountyintheCivilWar.Hampton,Virginia:PrestigePress,Inc.,1965.Print.
viiJohnson,AnneSeddonRutherfoord.“GreenPlains.”HistoricGardensofVirginia.Richmond,Virginia.:TheJamesRiverGardenClub.,1923.158-160.Print.
viii“HurricanesandVirginia.”HurricanesandtheMiddleAtlanticStates.N.p.,n.d.Web.15Sept.2010.<http://www.midatlantichurricanes.com/Virginia.html>.
ixCabot,FrancisHigginson.Interview.5June2010.
xJohnson,AnneSeddonRutherfoord.“GreenPlains.”HistoricGardensofVirginia.Richmond,Virginia.:TheJamesRiverGardenClub.,1923.158-160.Print.
xiComstock,Helen..“GreenPlains.”100MostBeautifulRoomsinAmerica,RevisedEdition..EditionandPrintingNotStateded.NewYork:TheVikingPress,1965.146-147.Print.
xiiFarrar,EmmieFerguson.OldVirginiaHouses-TheMobjackBayCountry.Firsted.NewYork:HastingsHouse,1955.Print.
xiiiCabot,Currie.“GreenPlains,TheEndofaSentimentalJourneythroughVirginia.”Town&CountryJan.1947:109-113,138.Print.
xivCabot,FrancisHigginson.Interview.5June2010.
xvCabot,FrancisHigginson.Interview.5June2010.
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xvi“GreenPlains1935-1959.”Familyscrapbook.1935.FrancisH.Cabot.
xviiCabot,FrancisHigginson.Interview.5June2010.
xviiiCabot,FrancisHigginson.Interview.5June2010.
xixJohnson,AnneSeddonRutherfoord.“GreenPlains.”HistoricGardensofVirginia.Richmond,Virginia.:TheJamesRiverGardenClub.,1923.158-160.Print.
xxCabot,Currie.“GreenPlains,TheEndofaSentimentalJourneythroughVirginia.”Town&CountryJan.1947:109-113,138.Print.
xxiJohnson,AnneSeddonRutherfoord.“GreenPlains.”HistoricGardensofVirginia.Richmond,Virginia.:TheJamesRiverGardenClub.,1923.158-160.Print.
xxiiCabot,FrancisHigginson.Interview.5June2010.
xxiiiLong,Dorothy.Interview.July2010.
xxivJohnson,AnneSeddonRutherfoord.“GreenPlains.”HistoricGardensofVirginia.Richmond,Virginia.:TheJamesRiverGardenClub.,1923.158-160.Print.
xxvJohnson,AnneSeddonRutherfoord.“GreenPlains.”HistoricGardensofVirginia.Richmond,Virginia.:TheJamesRiverGardenClub.,1923.158-160.Print.
xxviCabot,Currie.“GreenPlains,TheEndofaSentimentalJourneythroughVirginia.”Town&CountryJan.1947:109-113,138.Print.
xxviiCabot,Currie.“GreenPlains,TheEndofaSentimentalJourneythroughVirginia.”Town&CountryJan.1947:109-113,138.Print.
xxviiiLong,Dorothy.Interview.July2010.
xxix“GreenPlains1935-1959.”Familyscrapbook.1935.FrancisH.Cabot.
xxxJohnson,AnneSeddonRutherfoord.“GreenPlains.”HistoricGardensofVirginia.Richmond,Virginia.:TheJamesRiverGardenClub.,1923.158-160.Print.
xxxiJohnson,AnneSeddonRutherfoord.“GreenPlains.”HistoricGardensofVirginia.Richmond,Virginia.:TheJamesRiverGardenClub.,1923.158-160.Print.
|76
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Cabot,FrancisHigginson.Interview.5June2010.
Cabot,Currie.“GreenPlains,TheEndofaSentimentalJourneythroughVirginia.”Town&CountryJan.1947:109-113,138.Print.
Christian,FrancesArcher,andSusanneWilliamsMassie.HomesandGardensinOldVirginia.Richmond,Virginia:RichmondGarrettandMassieInc.,1962.Print.
Comstock,Helen..“GreenPlains.”100MostBeautifulRoomsinAmerica,RevisedEdition..EditionandPrint-ingNotStateded.NewYork:TheVikingPress,1965.146-147.Print.
Dabney,MaryHoward;EleanorFieldMartin....PASTISPROLOGUEGLOUCESTERCOUNTYVIRGINIA.1stEded.Charlottes,NorthCaroline:GloucesterCountyHistoricalAndBicentennialCommittees,1973.Print.
“DigitalResources.”UniversityofVirginiaLibrary.VersionDigitalOrthophotoQuarter-Quadrangle,MathewsSouthwest.N.p.,n.d.Web.15Aug.2010.<http://www.lib.virginia.edu/scholarslab/resources/gis/vagaz/fi-nal_by_county.php?county_fips=51115&ALL=checkbox>.
Farrar,EmmieFerguson.OldVirginiaHouses-TheMobjackBayCountry.Firsted.NewYork:HastingsHouse,1955.Print.
Geeson,D.B.,R.S.Morris,andR.M.Thomas.“NorthRiver,GloucesterandMathewsCounties.”ShellfishClosureandShorelineSurveyDocuments.N.p.,8Apr.2005.Web.15July2010.<www.vdh.virginia.gov/Envi-ronmentalHealth/shellfish/shoreline/survey042.pdf>.
“GreenPlains1935-1959.”Familyscrapbook.1935.FrancisH.Cabot.
“GreenPlains1947”.BoundProfessionalCopies.1947.HaroldHalidayCostain.
“GreenPlains2000.”Slidecollection.2000.BrentHeath.
“GreenPlains,MathewsCounty.”Survey.2010.7March2010.LouisaAerialSurveys.
“HurricanesandVirginia.”HurricanesandtheMiddleAtlanticStates.N.p.,n.d.Web.15Sept.2010.<http://www.midatlantichurricanes.com/Virginia.html>.
Johnson,AnneSeddonRutherfoord.“GreenPlains.”HistoricGardensofVirginia.Richmond,Virginia.:TheJamesRiverGardenClub.,1923.158-160.Print.
Long,Dorothy.Interview.July2010.
77|
|78
“MathewsCounty:CadastralMaps.”MathewsCounty.VersionMap23.N.p.,n.d.Web.20July2010.<http://www.co.mathews.va.us/index.aspx?page=76>.
“MathewsVA.”Map.2010RoadMap:USA,Virginia.MathewsCounty,VA.Web.25August2010.<http://www.bing.com/maps/?FORM=Z9LH4#JnE9Lm1hdGhld3MrY291bnR5JTJjK3ZpcmdpbmlhJTdlc3N0LjAlN2VwZy4xJmJiPTM5LjEwMTYyNTQxODE3OTQlN2UtNzQuNTE4MDI4MDY2MjAzOCU3ZTM3LjE4NTgyNzA5N-TYzNiU3ZS03Ny44NjMzNjQ5ODAyNjYz>.
“Mathews,VirginiaQuadrangle.”MyTopo:HistoricalTopographicMaps.Version1916.N.p.,n.d.Web.15July2010.<http://historical.mytopo.com/>.
“Mathews,VirginiaQuadrangle.”MyTopo:HistoricalTopographicMaps.Version1917.N.p.,n.d.Web.15July2010.<http://historical.mytopo.com/>.
Montague,LudwellLee.GloucesterCountyintheCivilWar.Hampton,Virginia:PrestigePress,Inc.,1965.Print.
Nethertonetal.,Nan.“TheEstablishmentofGloucesterCounty.”AHistory.Fairfax:Sinclair,1992.38.Print.
Reed,Florence.RealEstateAgentLetter.1935.Hand-writtenletter.FrancisH.CabotCollection,Quebec,Canada.
“SallyChiltonRyan1936”.Personalscrapbookandarchiveofhistorichomesandchurches.1936.SandraGeiger.
“UniversityofVirginiaLibrary.”DigitalRasterGraphics(1:24,000),Mathews1986.N.p.,n.d.Web.15July2010.<http://www.lib.virginia.edu/scholarslab/resources/gis/vagaz/final_by_county.php?county_fips=51115&ALL=checkbox&DATA=NLCD+DOQQ+DEM10+DEM30+DRG24+DRG100+DRG250+SPOT&Submit=Submit>.
VirginiainMaps:FourCenturiesofSettlement,Growth,andDevelopment.1sted.Richmond,Virginia:LibraryOfVirginia,2000.Print.
YorkRiverandMobjack[sic]Bay,Va./tracingforMaj.Genl.FranklinfromMaj.Humphrey’s[sic]Comg.Topl.Engrs.,ArmyofPotomac.Humphreys,A.A.(AndrewAtkinson),1810-1883.
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IMAGECREDITS
PHOTOGRAPHS
Francis H. Cabot:pages8(bottomleft),17(2,3,7and8),19(images1and2),20(image5and7),21(images1,2,7and8),30(images4and6),33(images1-5),37(images4-6and8),39(images6and7),43(images5,6and8),47(images8and9),49(images4and6).
Sally Chilton Ryan:page37(image7).
Harold Haliday Costain:pages21(image5),43(image7),51(images5and7).
Maria M. Debye-Saxinger:pages4,8(topleft),17(images5and10),19(image3),20(im-ages4and6),21(images3,4and6),25(images1,2,3and4),30(images1,2and3),33(images6,7,8and9),37(images1-3),39(images1-4),43(images1-4),47(1-6),49(images1-3).
Frank Hardy Realtors:pagestitlepage,17(images4and9),30(image5),39(image8).
Brent Heath:pages14,25(image6),39(image5),47(image7).
G.B. Lorraine:pages17(images1and6).
ILLUSTRATIONS
Allillustrations,plansanddrawingsbyMariaM.Debye-Saxinger.
ThisBookwascreatedonanHewlittPackardEliteBook8530wWorkstation.Thefollowingprogramswereusedforthemeasureddrawings:AutoCAD2010.Theillustrationsareallmixedmedia.TheAdobeCreativeSuiteCS4includingPhoto-shopandInDesignwereusedforthelayoutdesignofthebook.Theoverallgraphiclayoutofthebookwasdesignedbytheauthor.
