UBCVancouverSummerProgramLandscapesofVancouver

!GREENNETWORKS

&SUSTAINABLEURBANISM

CynthiaGirling,LandscapeArchitecture

UBCSchoolofArchitectureandLandscapeArchitecture

OUTLINE1.Principlesofsustainableurbanism2.Terminology3.SustainableurbanisminVancouver!FourCaseStudies:4.WesbrookPlaceatUBC5.SoutheastFalseCreekneighbourhood6.UniverCityatSFU7.EastFraserLandsneighbourhood

PROBLEM:URBANLIFESTYLESDouglasFarrSUSTAINABLEURBANISM

CLIMATECHANGE!UNSUSTAINABLEECOLOGICALFOOTPRINT/CAPITA!OBESITY-AHUMANHEALTHCRISIS!WATERDEPLETIONANDPOLLUTION!MOUNTAINSOFWASTE!

TheAmerican(andCanadian)Dream>singlefamilydetachedhouse>sprawl!Loveaffairwiththeautomobile>hugeGHGoutputs!Anindoor,mechanicallysupportedlifestyle>naturedeficit!Consumersociety>acquisitionofmoreandmorestuff>largerhouses,morewaste

2007

SUSTAINABLEURBANISM(DouglasFarr)

!COREATTRIBUTES

ofSUSTAINABLEURBANISM

“...anintegrationofwalkable,transit-servedurbanismwithhighperformancebuildingsandhighperformanceinfrastructure.”

Compactcommunities!Completecommunities!Connectedcommunities!Biophilia(accesstonature)!+!Highperformancebuildings!Highperformance(green)infrastructure

COMPACTCOMMUNITIESmixedusesanddensities-tosupportgoodtransitandcommercialservices

ARIZONASPRAWL(below35people/hectare)

(TimRobertsPhotographyShutterstock)

XNOTTHIS √THIS

OLYMPICVILLAGE,VANCOUVERBC

COMPLETECOMMUNITIESjobs,services,schools,parksclosetopeople’shomes

XNOTTHIS √THIS

CONNECTEDCOMMUNITIESstreetnetworksthatprioritizetransit,bikingandwalkingovervehicles

XNOTTHIS √THIS

ACCESSTONATUREashortwalkfromhometourbangreenspace

SmithParkatWesbrookPlace HabitatIslandatSouthEastFalseCr

TrailatUniverCity BoardwalkatEastFraserLands

2005

THEMES:compact,complete&diverseneighborhoods!connectivity&accessibilityforpeople!reconnectthecity’secologicalstructure!“working”urbanforests/greeninfrastructure!waterhealth&balance

GreenNetworksecologicalsystemsinformsurbanformunderstandingnetworksacrossscales

!Green&GrayNetworks

negotiatednetworksmultiplefunctions

!GrayFabric

compactanddiverseneighborhoods!

UrbanWatertreatmenttrainsORfollowthewater

amplifyinggreen,cleaningblue!

GreenFabricurbanforestasgreeninfrastructure

definingneighborhoodspaceSTAPLETON,CO HERITAGEPK,MN

GRAYFABRIC GRAYNETWORK GREENNETWORK&FABRIC

Villebois,Wilsonville,OR2003

servingprimarilyecologicalfunctions!servingprimarilyurbanfunctions!spatialcorridorsandsystems!residualspaces‘within’networks

GREEN!

GRAY!

NETWORK!

FABRIC

VOCABULARY

20 c

ases

by

% P

UB

LIC

OPE

N S

PAC

E

2003!SE False Creek!Vancouver, BC

51%

1975!Village Homes!

Davis, CA

32%

1998!Beaches!

Toronto, ON

37%

1995!Civano!

Tucson, AZ

15%

1997!Garrison Woods!

Calgary, AB

12%

2001!Royal Node!Eugene, OR

22%

1996!Orenco Station!

Hillsboro, OR

9%

2003!Fairview!

Salem, OR

26%

2002!Heritage Park!

Minneapolis, MN

14%

2003!Villebois!

Wilsonville, OR

32%

2002!East Clayton!

Surrey, BC

12%

2000!Auguston!

Abbotsford, BC

39%

1996!Playa Vista!

Los Angeles, CA

39%

1998!Prairie Crossing!

Grayslake, IL

52%

1998!Coffee Creek!

Chesterton, IN

39%

1990!NW Landing!DuPont, WA

15%

1996!Stapleton!

Denver, CO

37%

1996!Cornell!

Markham, ON

32%

2000!Lowry AFB!Denver, CO

39%

4GOALS!

1.ProtecttheGreenZone!

Protecttheagriculturallandreserve!

Protectthewatershed&ecosystemresources

SUSTAINABLE URBANISM: Vancouver Region

1996

2.CompactMetropolitanRegionGrowthcenters

SignificantinfilldevelopmentAfachedandstackedformsofhousing

!3.CompletecommuniXes

Jobs,services,recreahonclosetoresidences

!4.TransportaXonchoices

ExpandingandimprovingtransitImprovingbicyclenetworks

Emphasizingwalkableneighborhoods

Vancouver2020:ABrightGreenFutureAKAGreenestCityactionplan!MakeVancouverthegreenestcityintheworldby2020

VANCOUVER’SRESPONSE:GREENESTCITY

VANCOUVER’SRESPONSE:GREENESTCITY

ONEGREENECONOMY&JOBS!World-widemeccaofgreenjobs!Eliminatedependenceonfossilfuels!Worldleadershipingreenbuildingdesign&construction!!

THREEHUMANHEALTH!!Cleanwater:beatWHOstandardsandreduceconsumption!Cleanair:beatWHOguidelines!Localfood:globalleaderinurbanfoodsystems

TWOGREENERCOMMUNITIES!!Greenmobility:walking,cyclingandpublictransit!Zerowaste!Easyaccesstonature!Achieveaone-planeteco-footprint

ROLEOFPUBLICSPACE&GREENNETWORKS

ELEMENTS:!

Streetsandlanes!

Civicsquares!

Parks!

Greenways!

Naturalareas!

Golfcourses!

Publicgardens!

Community(food)gardens

FUNCTIONS:!Social,politicalactivity!Daytodayhumaninteraction!Recreation!Connectivity/Transportation!Climatemitigation!Wildlifehabitat!Stormwatermanagement!Foodproduction

VANCOUVERCASESTUDIES:

!WesbrookPlace,UBC

!SoutheastFalseCreek

!UniverCity,SFU

!EastFraserLands

EACHCASESTUDY:

Compactcommunity

Completecommunity

Connectedcommunity

Greennetworks/Greenspace

Greeninfrastructure

WESBROOKPLACEUniversityofBritishColumbia

PacificSpiritRegionalPark

UBCFarm

WESBROOKPLACE

UBCcampus

WESBROOKPLACEAnurbanvillageinthewoods

!Plancompletedin2005

Firstresidentsmovedin2008

NOTABLEFOR:Acompact,pedestrian-orientedcommunity Addsfulltimeresidentstoacommutercampus!50%ofresidentsstudyorworkatUBC!Greennetwork-off-streetpedestrianpathshabitatconnections!Requiresgreenbuildings

VillageCentre

HighSchool

CommunityCentre

ToUBC

Futureelementaryschool

PlanbyPerryandAssociates

COMPACTCOMMUNITY

SITE:55.6ha6225unitsatbuild-out

12,500people

atcompletion:225people/hectare

!!

EMPLOYMENT!

PrimarilyatUBC~14,000facultyandstaff

>50,000students

COMPACTCOMMUNITY

SERVICESGrocerystore/pharmacy

LiquorstoreBank

Dentist,eyecareHealthcare

Restaurant/pub7foodservices(deli,coffee,fastfood)

8otherservices

COMPLETECOMMUNITY

COMMUNITYCENTRE!!

SCHOOLS1Highschool

Futureelementaryschoolonsite!

DAYCARE75daycarespacesonsite

~750daycarespacesonUBCcampus

COMPLETECOMMUNITY

Top:CommunityCentreImagebyRobertStefanowicz

Bottom:PlaygroundinSmithPark

CONNECTEDCOMMUNITY

Fine-grainednetworkWalkablestreetsSeparatedgreenwaynetwork

GREENNETWORKS

Regionallyimportanthabitatareas

UBCSouthCampusGreenspacesandnetworks

UBC PacificSpiritRegionalPark

GREENSPACEANDGREENNETWORKS

15hectaresofparks,openspaces1.2ha/1000people

!!

4parks4playgroundsPlayingfields

!100%within5minutewalkofgreen

space

HABITAT/TREEPROTECTION

WESBROOKPLACE4.6haor10%ofsiteareprotected

forestbuffers

2003-thesitebeforedevelopment

HABITATCONNECTIVITY

1400treesplantedfrom2005-2015

420plantedinpublicspaces

~40%oftreesarenativetrees

GREENINFRASTRUCTURE

Partial“surface”drainagesystem

Rainfallsupplieswatertocanalsystem/

filteredandrecirculated

LOCALFOOD:UBCFARM

CENTREFORSUSTAINABLEFOODSYSTEMS

academicallyrigorousandgloballysignificantresearchintosustainable

andsecurefoodfuture!

24hectare“livinglaboratory”growsover200varietiesoffruits,vegetables,and

herbs!

PublicmarketeveryTuesday&SaturdayJunetoOctober

SOUTHEASTFALSECREEK

AKAtheOlympicVillage

NOTABLEFOR

Brownfieldredevelopment

2010OlympicsAthletesVillage

LEEDPlatinumneighborhood

Integrateshabitat,water&agriculture

SOUTHEASTFALSECREEK

BUILD-OUT!

SITE:32hectares~5500dwellings

!12,000people

!GROSSDENSITY=

375persons/hectare

3distinctneighborhoods!

Commercialsquare@heritagebuilding

COMPACTCOMMUNITY

COMMERCIAL:FullGroceryStore

Cafes&PubsDrugStore

LiquorStoreLotsofshops

!!

CIVIC:Largecommunitycenter

1Elementaryschool3big,8smalldaycares

1religiouscenter

CentralSquare

COMPLETECOMMUNITY

PedestrianBicycle

BusStreetcar

RapidtransitWaterferryCo-opcars

!!

Target:60%ofalltripstobe

NON-autobased!

<1parkingspace/unit

CONNECTEDCOMMUNITY

GREENNETWORKS

City-widefunction:Thelastlegofa25kmwaterfront

greenway!

Connectionstoadjacentneighborhoods

32%ofthelandisreservedforPublicOpenSpace

!Fullypublicwaterfront

!3majorparks

1publicsquareSemi-publiccourtyards

!CommunityCentreand

non-motorizedboatlaunch

Retail/flex

GREENSPACEANDGREENNETWORKS

PUBLICWATERFRONT

HABITATCREATION

WildlifereturningtoFalseCreekEagles

WaterfowlSongbirds

BeaverCoyotes

RiverotterHerring

BeaverdamandbirdhouseinHingePark

Stormwaterwetland!

Harvestrainwaterforirrigation!

40%effectiveimperviousarea50%ofroofsgreen

!90%NativePlants

GREENINFRASTRUCTURE

HINGEPARK:PARK+PLAYGROUND+HABITAT+GREENINFRASTRUCTURE

UNIVERCITYSimonFraserUniversity

UNIVERCITY

SFUCampus

BurnabyMountainConservationArea

UNIVERCITYASustainableCommunity

!Planadopted1996

Firstresidentsmovedin2004

NOTABLEFOR: Addsfulltimeresidentstoacommutercampus!50%ofresidentsstudyorworkatUBC!Greennetwork-off-streetpedestrianpathshabitatconnections!Requiresgreenbuildings!Noimpactondownstreamaquatichabitat!

PlanoftheEastNeighborhoodHotsonBakkerBonifaceHaden

Villagecentre

Daycare&park

Town&GownPlaza

Elementaryschool

SFUCampus

COMPACTCOMMUNITY

SITE:29.5ha3878unitsatbuild-out

8500people!

288people/hectare!!

2012RESIDENT:JOBSbalance47%studyorworkoncampus

SERVICESGrocerystoreLiquorstoreDrugstore

BankPostoffice

Dentist18foodservices(restaurant,deli,

coffee)Fewotherservices

!

NEEDEDSERVICES:MedicalservicesMoredaycare

COMPLETECOMMUNITY

Greennetworkplan

CONNECTEDCOMMUNITY

Streetnetworkplan

31%ofresidentswithin5minutewalkofvillagecentre(2008)!100%arewithina10minutewalk

GREENNETWORKS

BurnabyMountainConservationAreaRegionallyimportanthabitatarea

!UniverCitypreservedhabitatareas

andparks

ACCESSTONATURE

ConnecttoBurnabyMtn.ConservationAreaandtrailsystem

!96%reportedthenaturalsettingwas

importanttotheirchoicetoliveatUniverCity

!84%saidoutdoorrecreationopportunitieswereimportant

PARKSANDGREENSPACES

UNIVERCITY5hectaresofparks,openspaces

.58ha/1000people

Centrallylocatedschool,daycareandpark

UNIVERCITY3.4haor11%ofsiteareconservation

easements!

100%ofnewplantsinconservationareasarenatives

!By2008,4560treeswereplanted

HABITAT/TREEPROTECTION

Treesplantedby2008

OBJECTIVES Minimize impacts on salmon stream

below !

Mimic pre-UniverCity hydrology !

Preserve water purity and chemistry !

100% runoff “managed”

GREENINFRASTRUCTURE

EASTFRASERLANDSAKARiverDistrict

downtown

NOTABLEFOR:!

Brownfieldredevelopment!

Connectsneighbourhoodstotheriver!

Addsparksandservicestoexistingneighbourhoods

!Birdhabitatcreation

Developer:ParklaneHomes

!Leadurbandesigners:

JamesKMChengArchitectsPWLPartnership

COMPACTCOMMUNITY!

AREA:52.6hectares7200Dwellings

!~14,000newresidents

!GROSSDENSITY

266people/hectare

Existingneighbourhood!

Newneighbourhood

Viewfromrivertonewneighbourhood

TownSquare

CPRRailway

HighStreet

CommunityCenter

WaterfrontPlazaBeach

Majoranchorgrocerystore1othermajoranchorstore

660,000sq.ftretail,office,flex!

COMPLETECOMMUNITYTowncentre

Regionalhabitatfunctions!

Connectshabitatareatotheriver!

Providesnewon-sitehabitatEverettCrowleyPark

GREENNETWORKSHABITATCONNECTIVITY

Publicriverfront!

Anewbeach!

25acresofparks!

1elementaryschool1secondaryschool1communitycenter

PublicspacesPhase1

PARKSANDPUBLICSPACES

HABITATCREATION

mixedforest hedgerow park oldfield riparian meadow deciduous

forest wetland

Songbirdhabitatplan

Songbirdhabitatemphasis!Nesting,forageandconnectivitytoadjacenthabitatarea

HABITATENHANCEMENT

Foreshorerestoration:!

IntertidalmarshesHabitatisland

Off-riverfishchannelIncreasedriparianarea

Habitat island & off-river channel

BC’SSUSTAINABLEURBANISM

SustainableUrbanism:

Compactcommunities

Completecommunities

Connectedcommunities

Accesstonature

+

Highperformancebuildings

Greeninfrastructure

Greenspacefunctions:

Social,politicalactivity

Daytodayhumaninteraction

Recreation

Connectivity/Transportation

Climatemitigation

Wildlifehabitat

Stormwatermanagement

Foodproduction

QUESTIONS?