Green MobilityINVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES

Contents

www.czechinvest.org

Last update: May 2016

Czech Green Mobility at a Glance

E-mobility

CNG and LNG

Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Technologies

Infrastructure

Financial Support for Green Mobility

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1

There are different fuels that are considered to be alternatives to gasoline and diesel used to power internal-combustion engines. In the Czech Republic, the most

promising of these are electricity and CNG. Due to stricter CO2 regulations, we expect growth in both segments. In the medium-term, CNG technology will gain market share due to its more highly developed infrastructure, wider range of vehicle models on the market, higher customer acceptance, lower prices and TCO (total cost of operation) parity with other types of internal-combustion engines. CNG is a strong alternative mainly to diesel engines in the mid-sized and LCV segments. On the other hand, premium segments will be covered by diesel and gasoline hybrids (HEVs). In the long term, when electric vehicles have a longer driving range, widespread infrastructure, lower battery costs and a broader portfolio of models, the market share of electric cars could reach 20% of new vehicle registrations.

The Czech authorities are also supporting research, development and implementation of hydrogen and LNG technologies as alternative fuels with strong potential for future mobility, especially with respect to long-distance driving.

In the automotive industry, local manufacturers are offering different fuel technologies in different segments, the most outstanding of which is probably the bus segment. Several OEMs produce both CNG and electric vehicles that are competitive with Western bus makers. At the same time, young Czech engineers are able to build extraordinary electric sports cars and motorbikes.

National Action Plan for Clean MobilityTo secure the competitiveness of the Czech automotive industry, at the end of 2015 the Czech government adopted a strategy to support different kinds of eco-friendly mobility called National Action Plan for Clean Mobility. This strategy is aimed at both technologies that are either at the beginning of their commercialisation (electromobility and CNG/LNG) and technologies that need further development or testing before fully entering the market (fuel cells).

Support for the introduction of green mobility technologies will be guaranteed through different instruments. The main goal is to bring the total costs of operation of clean vehicles in line with those powered by internal-combustion engines. This includes cash subsidies for new vehicles, exemption from excise and road taxes, lower toll fees, etc. The key to expansion of alternative fuels is indeed the development of infrastructure. In cities, drivers of electric vehicles will also be allowed to enter urban areas and to park free of charge and to use preferential public transport lanes.

The plan counts on the construction of backbone networks of filling and recharging stations as a necessity for the development of green mobility. This development of infrastructure will be financially supported as well. To provide basic accessibility, the minimum number of electric charging stations throughout the country is estimated at up to 1,300. According to the plan, the total number of electric vehicles in operation should reach 250,000 by 2030. With respect to CNG technology, the goal is to achieve a 10% share in fuel consumption and 200,000 vehicles in operation by 2030.

New registrations of alternative-fuel vehicles in recent years in the Czech Republic

CZECH GREEN MOBILITY AT A GLANCE

Source: SDA-CIA 2016

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EVs Hybrid CNG LPG

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02010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

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Expected xEV sales in the base scenario

Bestselling EVs since 2000 (as at 1/1/2016)

Expected xEV sales in the base scenario

Source: ASEP 2016

Demand for electromobility is rising worldwide and the Czech Republic is no exception. Furthermore, electric vehicles have a long history in the

country dating back to the 19th century. The growth of e-mobility awareness here is driven by the activities of key players, particularly manufacturers of electric cars and buses, universities, R&D centres, electricity distributors and e-mobility associations. E-mobility has become increasingly widespread because of pressure to reduce CO2 emissions and to secure better air quality in cities. In the Czech Republic more and more customers are buying e-cars because of the broader portfolio of brands and models sold on the local market. The total costs of operation are in some cases comparable to those of cars with internal-combustion engines.

Nevertheless, the significant emergence of e-mobility is expected after 2020, when the total costs of operation will be equal to those of standard vehicles mainly due to the European Union’s CO2 targets, higher taxation of CNG and lower prices of batteries and electric vehicles in general. Penetration should reach 3% together with a 6% share in annual sales. Growth will be even more significant after 2025, when strict CO2 targets come into force. The market share of electric vehicles should reach approximately 30% of newly registered cars.

In January 2016, there were about 1,000 battery electric vehicles and more than 4,000 hybrids registered in the Czech Republic. The National Action Plan assumes that that total number of electric vehicles should be 250,000 in 2030. To reach this number, development of the country’s recharging station infrastructure is needed.

Volkswagen (e-Golf, e-UP) 154

Nissan (Leaf I, Leaf II) 120

BMW (i3, i8) 105

Tesla (S) 104

Peugeot (iOn, Partner) 91

Citroën (C-Zero, Berlingo) 40

Smart (EV) 15

rKia (Soul EV) 12

Renault (Fluence, Zoe, Kangoo) 10

Others 12

E-MOBILITY

The total numberof electric vehicles should reach

250,000 units by 2030.

ČEZ Elektromobilita

ČEZ is the biggest electricity producer and distributor in the Czech Republic. Its Elektromobilita pilot project was launched in 2009 with the aim of gaining experience with operating electric cars, constructing recharging stations, data collection and analysing customer behaviour. More than 50 partners – private companies, municipal authorities and ministries – are currently involved in the project.

ČEZ currently operates 53 recharging stations and 30 EVs of nine different brands, which have been driven more than 1,000,000 km.

Expected sales xEV fleet Market share

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0,00 %500

2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040–

6 000

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Škoda Electric

The Plzeň-based company Škoda Transportation (not to be confused with Škoda Auto, a subsidiary of Volkswagen AG) is a traditional Czech manufacturer of locomotives, tramcars, metro trains and trolleybuses. In recent years, its Škoda Electric division has developed a range of electric and hybrid buses. The Škoda HP Perun is an advanced twelve-metre bus equipped with advanced lithium-polymer (Li-Poly) batteries utilising the most advanced knowledge in the field of nanotechnology. These batteries have high energy density for achieving a long range on a single charge . Due to this battery-cell design, the vehicle can be charged in 5-8 minutes by means of the fully automated ŠKODA Ultra Fast Charger infrastructure. This technology enables continuous

charging at stops during exiting and boarding of passengers. When fully charged, the vehicle battery stores 222 kWh of energy, on which the electric bus can travel up to 150 km. The Škoda H12 is a hybrid bus meant primarily

for zero-emission zones in city centres. Its main advantage is the ability to use battery drive, which does not emit any pollutants into the air and it has the added benefit of being quiet. Using this zero-emission drive, the bus can go as far as 10 km without recharging the batteries and without the use of a diesel generator. Fuel savings on the order of tens of percent constitutes another significant advantage. This is achieved especially through recovery of electricity produced during braking.

SOR Libchavy

Originally a Czech producer of city and intercity buses, SOR has been offering a wide range of eco-friendly buses and trolleybuses since 1991. The company offers both CNG and electric propulsion in different models and lengths. The main advantages of SOR buses is their low weight, low average fuel consumption and higher specific output. The SOR EBN 10.5 is a low-floor electric city bus designed for short-haul public transport. A brand new six-terminal electric motor, the TAM 1049 Pragoimex, with nominal output of 120 kW was developed to power this electric bus. The traction battery is composed of 180 cells of 300 Ah. The bus’s range is approximately 110 to 160 km.

Ekova Electric

The Ostrava Transport Company established its subsidiary Ekova Electric as a provider of repair and modernisation services for trams, trolleybuses and electric buses. In 2015 Ekova presented the Electron, its first all-new, fully electric low-floor city bus, which is equipped with li-ion batteries with capacity of 190 or 265 kWh.

Čezeta Motors

Čezeta has developed a fully electric version of the iconic Czechoslovak ČZ 501 and 502 scooters (originally produced between 1957 and 1964). The new Čezeta 506 uses a 5kW electric motor placed in the rear wheel. The advantage of this e-scooter is a large bank of LiPo batteries that enables a range of up to 200 km and maximum speed of 90 km/h. The 2016 production plan calls for 1,000 units, which will be sold in the Czech Republic, Western Europe, North America and a few Asian markets.

E-MOBILITY

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E-MOBILITY

E-mobility at Czech Technical Universities

Almost every Czech technical university participates in some e-mobility project. Since 2010 students of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering at the Czech Technical University in Prague have developed five prototypes of e-Formula Student monopost cars. The eForce FEE Prague Formula team participated in its first race in 2012 and is the only regular participant in e-Formula Student events from the Czech Republic.

In 2014 students at the Technical University of Ostrava announced the completion of the SCX prototype, – an advanced student-designed car. It is a fully electric sports car with four synchronous motors generating a total of 295 horsepower. The SCX accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in five seconds and has a range of roughly 180 km. A limited series of this car will be sold following homologation.

The University of West Bohemia in Plzeň is another centre of electric-vehicle development. In 2010 the university presented the HER, an electric hot rod developed in only 150 days. This car has a range of up to 150 km and maximum speed of 110 km/h. Three years later, the same team presented an electric chopper called Blue Elyctra with a 16kW electric motor providing the maximum speed of 130 km/h (with an installed limiter) and range of up to 150 km. In 2015 the team rolled out its brand new electric sports motorcycle called Électricité. The goal of this project was to construct a prototype with reasonable parameters for a reasonable price.

Battery Technologies

HE3DA is an innovator in applied research and commercialisation of battery technologies. The company’s 3D technology and lithium battery production processes are based on three-dimensional electrodes using lithium nano-materials. This is a technological platform meeting all requirements for mass-market application. HE3DA has developed an accumulator/battery with technical and economic parameters prepared for utilisation in high-capacity frequency stabilisation and energy storage systems for the energy sector as well as in other applications. HE3DA technology eliminates the ballast from batteries and optimises the qualities of nano-materials and the morphology of electrodes. It enables a much greater thickness of electrodes and offers many new advantages and construction solutions. This technology greatly improves the safety of lithium-based batteries and allows for a wide range of completely new technical solutions resulting from the previously unachievable technical and economic parameters found in HE3DA batteries. HE3DA technology allows accumulator capacity parameters and charge/discharge times to be set by adjusting the thickness of electrodes. Other parameters of the accumulator, such as cost, robustness, operating temperature, weight, etc., can be adjusted by the selection of production materials.

BattSwap offers a unique, fully automatic battery swap solution for electric cars. The removable battery can be changed within 30 seconds. The start-up has patented the battery swap system comprising regular market cells and patented swap stations. BattSwap requires a special battery housing which is fixed in the car body, replacing the central tunnel of the car, and is easy to insert without significant vehicle modifications. The station has modular storage for five batteries, which can serve up to 100 EVs. In the case of higher demand, another module is added to the existing swap mechanism and the same BattSwap station can serve up to 600 EVs. The whole system is controlled by software that monitors all batteries via GPS and collects data about their discharge level. The network of BattSwap stations comprises huge power storage which saves energy especially from renewables and offers reverse flow on demand.

Olife Energy is a Czech start-up that has developed a unique technology of lithium starting batteries for cars. It uses supercapacitors to provide the instantaneous power needed to support the battery in the first second after ignition. The supercapacitors ensure trouble-free operation in all conditions and over a wide range of temperatures. The Li-FePO₄ batteries represent the latest development in high energy density lithium-based technology which stores and delivers around five times more energy than lead acid batteries with the same weight. These batteries are also capable of high charge acceptance rates without damage. This is important for start-stop applications, particularly when regenerative braking is utilised in battery charging. The capacitors deliver high discharge rates instantly even when the battery is at a low charge state. The battery will recharge the capacitors in seconds even when the engine is switched off.

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CNG AND LNG

Of all the alternative fuels, CNG is the most advanced on the Czech market. There are dozens of models of CNG vehicles available and

CNG is very popular also among the public transport authorities. In the last ten years the average year-to-year growth of the number of the CNG vehicles in the Czech Republic was 41%. This is mainly due to low excise duties, road tax exemption and financial support for buying CNG buses. Between 2015 and 2025, the average number of new CNG vehicle registrations is expected to be approximately 12,000 units per year in the most realistic scenario. Other studies suggest that the total number of CNG vehicles in operation might reach 250,000 units in 2025 and 300,000 units by 2030. This amount of CNG vehicles should represent a 10% share of the entire fuel consumption in the Czech Republic. The CNG filling-station infrastructure is also growing rapidly; it is estimated that there will be around 160 public stations by the end of 2016.

By the end of 2015, there were almost 13,000 CNG vehicles in operation in the Czech Republic. CNG is very popular among public transport companies and state-controlled organisation like the Czech Postal Service and the Ministry of Interior. Around 45 cities and towns operate more than 800 CNG buses. The introduction of eco-friendly buses is heavily subsidised by the state. CNG vehicles are also present in the fleets of private companies such as taxi services, driving schools and food delivery firms.

Škoda Auto The traditional Czech car manufacturer Škoda Auto, now a subsidiary of Volkswagen AG, has developed its G-TEC model range using CNG technology. Since its introduction to the Czech market, Škoda G-TEC cars have become the best-selling CNG vehicles in the Czech Republic.

Iveco Bus The biggest manufacturing facility of Iveco Bus, a subsidiary of CNH Industrial, is located in the town of Vysoké Mýto, where mainly city and intercity buses are made. One of the models produced there – the Urbanway – is a modern low-floor city bus with an optional CNG engine.

LNG technology is basically used only by long-haul heavy trucks. However, its use is expected to expand in Europe after 2020. In the Czech Republic, the first LNG filling station should be built in 2017 and the total number of such stations could rise to 14 by 2030. At the same time, there should be around 1,500 LNG vehicles in operation.

In the last ten years the average year-to-year growth of the number ofCNG vehicles in the Czech Republic was

41%.Source: ASEP 2016

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Cars and LCVs Buses CNG filling stations

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FUEL CELLS AND HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGIES

Currently, the only hydrogen-powered vehicles in the Czech Republic are demonstration projects. However, the government is aware of the

technology’s future potential and supports commercialisation research in this field. It is expected that fuel-cell vehicles will get the same tax exemptions and other benefits as electric vehicles. Development of the hydrogen distribution network will be coordinated with Germany and in the early phase it will focus on main highway routes and big cities.

The short-term target in hydrogen field is to launch two hydrogen regions, which will be comprised of the hydrogen filling station, sustainable production of hydrogen and using H2 in transportation by 2020. By 2025 there is a plan to operate 3-5 new hydrogen filling stations.

TriHyBus

A consortium of Czech and German companies led by the Czech technology company ÚJV Řež (Nuclear Research Institute in Řež) has developed a hydrogen bus in the Czech Republic. The aim of the H2Bus project was to demonstrate hydrogen-powered transport and to verify the suitability of using this modern concept in real city traffic. Although similar projects have already been successfully implemented in Western Europe and other developed countries, this project is a unique technical concept. Besides the integration of hydrogen fuel-cell technology, hybrid drive solutions were also developed. In addition to common batteries, the drive system also uses a block of supercapacitors. This triple-hybrid concept was the inspiration behind the bus’s commercial name – TriHyBus. The TriHyBus chassis, power electronics and traction system are based on the concept of the Škoda Electric trolleybus. The main source of energy is a hydrogen PEM fuel cell from the company Proton Motor (approx. 50 kW). Secondary sources are a lithium-ion traction battery and supercapacitors. The fuel is compressed hydrogen, which is stored in the bus’s roof extensions in four high-pressure composite vessels with a total volume of 820 litres. A sophisticated control system was developed for the coordination of all energy sources. This system optimises the energy flows and allows efficient energy recovery to secondary sources when driving downhill and braking, as well as re-use in energy-intensive modes such as accelerating and driving uphill. The first hydrogen filling station in the Czech Republic is a part of this project. It was built on the premises of the local public transportation company. The main partner for the implementation of the hydrogen filling station was Linde Gas. Since 2009 the bus has been operated on a regular city line in the town of Neratovice.

ÚJV Řež represents one of the best state of the art workplaces in the energy industry in the Czech Republic. Company provides comprehensive services in the field of applied research, development, and innovation, primarily in the utilization of nuclear energy and ionizing radiation sources. It coordinates projects in the fields of fuel-cell transportation and energy storage, and provides expertise in designing energy storage systems, development of water alkali electrolysis for utilisation in accumulating energy from renewable sources, research and development of systems for sustainable hydrogen production, hydrogen distribution and transportation.

World Hydrogen Technologies Convention 2017 in Prague In 2017, Prague will be the centre of the global hydrogen and fuel cell community. The aim of the congress is to offer a unique opportunity for sharing well selected aspects on the latest evidence based research findings and applications. Also, the congress is a stimulating forum for professional development and establishing fruitful glob al and regional collaborations. In the rich congress program will surely find their interests as an academic, scientific, corporate, but also the general public.

www.whtcprague2017.cz

Hydrogen energy storageTogether with Photon Energy, ÚJV Řež has launched a pilot project involving a small solar plant with a hydrogen storage tank. The stored hydrogen is used by fuel cells to generate electricity or can be utilised as fuel for cars. The remaining generated power is stored in a Li-ion battery, which enables a rapid response to fluctuations in renewable energy generation, as it releases power directly in response to a request from terminal devices. The efficiency of converting electricity into hydrogen and back to electricity is more than 30%. Moreover, this system is very ecological, as the only waste product is pure water.

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INFRASTRUCTURE

The Czech government supports the development of all types of alternative-fuel filling stations and recharging stations. Czech companies

are investing heavily in the development of public charging stations. At the end of 2015 there were around 200 public charging points around the country, though mainly in big cities. The largest operators of these are energy distributors such as ČEZ, RWE, PRE and E.ON.

The National Action Plan set the goal of 1,300 publicly accessible recharging points (one recharging point can accommodate only one car at a time) for electric vehicles. The backbone network will consist of 500 fast-charging DC stations on highways and main roads and in cities. The remaining 800 stations can be either AC or DC.

CNG pumps should be installed primarily at the existing filling stations. As of 2016, there are approximately 3,000 public filling stations in the Czech Republic and CNG pumps should be installed at 10% of them by 2025. At the end of 2015 there were 100 CNG filling stations in the country and another 60 stations are expected to be constructed in 2016.

The first LNG filling station should be built in 2017 near Prague, where most of the country’s main transit routes meet. The goal is to develop a backbone network of 14 LNG filling stations by 2030.

Only one hydrogen filling station has been built in the Czech Republic since 2009. It is primarily used by the TriHyBus (see above). Development of the network here is expected to be coordinated with the development of the hydrogen network in neighbouring Germany. In December 2015, the Czech oil company Unipetrol (owned by PKN Orlen) announced its readiness to install hydrogen filling stations once there is sufficient demand for them on the Czech market.

Public charging stations – current situation

The total numberof recharging stations should reach

1,300 by 2025.

Minimum number of recharging and filling stations according to the National Action Plan

2015 2025 2030

Recharging stations 200 1,300

CNG filling stations 100 200 300

LNG filling stations 0 1–2 5

Hydrogen filling stations 1 3–5

Source: Ministry of Industry and Trade

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There are several subsidy programmes financed from both Czech and EU funds focused on different aspects of introducing eco-vehicles and building up the related infrastructure.

OPERATIONAL PROGRAMME TRANSPORTATION II This programme provides financial support for the development of infrastructure in cities and TEN-T (Trans-European Transport Networks). All kinds of recharging and refilling stations are supported. The aim of this programme is to develop networks of recharging stations and CNG, LNG and hydrogen stations. In the case of recharging stations, the Ministry of Transportation plans to issue only a few tenders, each of which should provide financing for hundreds of recharging stations for EVs. The total number should reach 1,300. The total allocation for building of recharging and filling stations is CZK 1.2 billion through 2020.

INTEGRATED REGIONAL OPERATIONAL PROGRAMME IROP is aimed at introducing eco-friendly vehicles into the public transport fleets (buses, trams and trolleybuses). Both vehicles and filling and recharging stations are financially supported. This programme supports purchases of electric, hydrogen and CNG buses. The allocation for purchases of buses and related infrastructure is €473 million through 2023.

OPERATIONAL PROGRAMME ENTERPRISE AND INNOVATION FOR COMPETITIVENESSThis operational programme is focused on introducing low-emission technologies in companies, which can apply for cash grants for a newly acquired electric vehicles that cannot be supported from the Operational programme Transportation II and IROP. In this programme there is also a special focus on supporting the introduction of eco-friendly vehicles in the fleets of waste-collection companies. The allocation of this special sub-programme is € 37.6 million through 2020. Besides e-mobility, this operational programme also supports low-emission solutions of energy saving systems and smart grids.

NATIONAL PROGRAMME ENVIRONMENTThis national programme has the specific goal of implementing clean mobility. It financially supports alternative fuels and alternative means of transportation (e.g. car-sharing) and smart grids in cities. There is a plan to support purchases of electric and hybrid cars by both state and local administrations as well as by individuals.

EPSILON PROGRAMME This programme supports research and development projects with high potential for quick application in new products, processes and services. One of the supported areas comprises increasing the share of electric vehicles and implementation of hydrogen as a technology for mobility.

OPERATIONAL PROGRAMME PRAGUE – GROWTH POLE OF THE CZECH REPUBLICOne of the goals of this programme is construction of new park-and-ride facilities. Parking places for recharging electric vehicles can be built as part of the P+R system. Construction of priority lanes for electric vehicles is also part of this programme. Only companies and authorities based in Prague can apply for aid within this programme.

TAX EXEMPTIONS AND OTHER FEES WAIVERSA tax exemption will be applied to electric and alternative-fuel vehicles starting in 2017. At the same time, owners of newly registered eco-vehicles will receive a special bonus. There is also a plan for full or partial exemption from highway tolls. CNG will retain its lower excise duties until reaching 10% market share, which will not occur before 2020.

Investment IncentivesThe Czech Republic offers both new and existing investors support covering up to 25% of costs associated with investment projects. Investment incentives are offered for implementation of new projects or expansion of existing projects in the areas of:

n Manufacturing

n Technology/R&D centres

n Business support services centres – shared-services centres, software-development centres, high-tech repair centres, data centres, call centres

Forms of Incentivesn Corporate income-tax incentive

n Property-tax incentive

n Job-creation grant

n Training and retraining grants

n Cash grants for capital investment

Strategic InvestmentBesides other investment incentives, strategic investments can receive a grant for capital investment in the amount of up to 10% of eligible costs or up to 12.5% of eligible costs if an investment in production occurs simultaneously with the establishment or expansion of a technology centre. The total maximum state-aid intensity shall henceforth be governed by the Regional Map of State-Aid Intensity of the Czech Republic.

FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR GREEN MOBILITY

Headquartered in Prague, CzechInvest is the Investment and Business Development Agency of the Ministry of Industry and Trade. Since its establishment in 1992, the agency

seinapmoc citsemod gnipoleved dna stnemtsevni ngierof gnitcartta htiw deksat neeb sahthrough its services and development programmes.

Our Objectives

-- To advise and support existing and new companies to grow and prosper in the Czech Republic

-- To facilitate communication between the public and private sectors-- -- To support the competitiveness of the Czech economy

CzechInvest is exclusively authorised to file applications for investment incentives at the relevant governing bodies and prepares draft offers to grant investment incentives.

Its task is also to provide potential investors with current data and information on the business climate, investment environment and investment opportunities in the Czech Republic.

Our Services

-- -- Customised business cases-- -- Tailored visits to the Czech Republic-- Access to investment incentives and EU funds-- Information and advice on doing business in the Czech Republic, regulations

and taxation-- acquisition targets-- Referrals to professional associations (lawyers, bankers, accountants, etc.)-- Aftercare service

Our services are fully funded by the Ministry of Industry and Trade as a part of the business support measures so they are free of charge to businesses.

CzechInvest’s Services

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