Green Living Journal PDX Fall #14

The Painted Hills Go GreenA Smart Gridand Lots More

Letrsquos Shweeb

A Hoop (House) to

Holler About

Wood in the Course of

Human EventsFarm to School The ABCrsquos of Fresh Food

Flea Time middot Essential Oils for TravelEV News middot Book Reviews middot Gardening

A Practical Journal for Friends of the Environment GreenLivingJournalcom Fall 2011 2

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Fisherrsquos LandingOpening Fall 2011

NewSeasonsMarketcom

New Seasons Market at SE 164th amp McGillivray Blvd

3 Columbia River PDX Green Living Journal No 14 Fall 2011

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ContentsPublisherrsquos Page

Wood in the Course of Human Events 4Local Notes 6Building The Painted Hills Go Green 8Local Sources of Reused Wood 9Energy

The Smart Grid 11Behavior and the Human Dimensions of Energy Use 12

Biomass Energy in John Day 13Transportation

Hydrogen Fuel Economy is Here 14 Shweeb Light Rail for Bicyclers 14

Roll Over America - Velomobiles ROAM 15Electric Vehicle News

BRD Electric Motorcycles 16 New Leaf Pays Its Way 16John Day or Bust 2011 17

Volt Owner gets 300+ MPG 18Pets - Flea Time 19Health - Essential Oils for Travel 21Gardening

Use Wood Mulch 22 Hoop Houses 24

FoodEducation Farm to School - The ABCs of Fresh Food 25Education - Sustainable Schools 26Book Review

The Homeownerrsquos Guide to Renewable Energy 28 Up Tunket Road 29

Events 30Classifieds 30Cartoon Leah Wittenberg 31


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P O Box 677 Cascade Locks OR 97014Publisher Columbia River Press LLC

PDX Editorial Team Katie Cordrey Gary Munkhoff Susan Place

garygreenlivingjournalcom 5413745454

Advertising Susan Place5413745454

cradsgreenlivingjournalcomPrepressGraphicsAd Production Katie Cordrey

iByte Companyinfoibytecompanycom

5094931250National Editor Stephen Morris

edgreenlivingjournalcomWebmaster Michael Potts

MichaelthepublicpresscomDistribution Ambling Bear Portland Pedal Power

Cover Photos The following are used under licensing unless noted Background - Portland Japanese Gar-den by Flickr User ahp_ibanez Totem by Flicker User smith Carrot by Flicker User marc_buehler Hoop House by Flickr User knitting iris velomobile by Flickr UserWatson House

Schweeb courtesy of ShweebcomPrinted with soy-based inks on Blue Heron recycled paper by Signature Graphics

The Columbia River edition of the Green Living Journal is published quarterly and 16000 copies are distributed free of charge throughout the Portland-Vancouver metro area

We encourage our readers to patronize our advertisers but we are not responsible for any advertising claims

Subscriptions $995 per yearCopyright copy 2011 Columbia River Press LLC

Green Living Journal

Publisherrsquos Page

Publisherrsquos Page continued

The Green Living Journal Family is Proud to be a Member

Wood in the Course of Human EventsBy Gary MunkhoffWood has got to be one of natures most miraculous gifts

to the human race We have depended on wood for fuel tools weapons and shelter since before the dawn of his-tory Even in this high tech world of the twenty first century there is wood everywhere in one form or another no mat-ter if we are flying across the country at 30000 feet riding in a subway beneath the streets of Manhattan or sitting on the sofa in front of the TV set

The sad fact is that wood has been with us for so long and is present in so many different forms that we no longer notice it or give it a second thought Wood is much like Roger Dangerfield in that it gets no respect and therein is the problem abundant cheap invisible wood is an overly

disposable commodity in our society Our landscapes are littered with and our landfills are full of old newspapers magazines furniture lumber (used and unused) fast food wrappers cardboard boxes disposable diapers and on and on and on Is this any way to treat a product that comes from trees that have taken anywhere from 40 to 400 years to grow And while they are growing they are also giving us oxygen clean water wildlife a place to play and refuge from our hectic lives Surely we can do better than to turn them into roadside litter and landfill garbage

While wood may not be getting the respect it deserves the trees and forests from which we harvest our wood are but only after four hundred years of reckless exploitation Over the years we have passed many laws and regulations that require sustainable management practices that insure our forests will remain productive healthy sources of wood On a national level we now grow more wood than we harvest even as we set aside more and more areas of our public forests for recreational use species habitat and scenic values All of which should be reason enough for us to feel good about wood

In an effort to encourage more respect for wood and forests the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) has developed a certification program that assures the purchaser that the wood that bears their logo is from responsibly harvested and verified sources This is a great program for the con-cerned consumer and should make a difference in how people think about the wood products they are buying Please support this voluntary program by purchasing wood products bearing the FSC certification logo You will be adding another good reason for feeling good about wood

The FSC certification program covers just a very small segment of the wide range of wood products that we con-sume daily So while we are doing a reasonably good job of managing our forests we cannot say that we are acting responsibly in how we put our wood products to use One reason for this is that some products such as paper no lon-ger bare any resemblance to wood or trees and so there is a definite disconnect in the consumerrsquos mind Itrsquos not wood itrsquos paper and nothing points out our attitude towards paper more clearly than our love affair with fast food Itrsquos the poster child of our ldquono respect for wood attitude

The fast food companies are some of the largest con-sumers of paper products in America There are close to 100 paper packaging mills in the southeast that produce the paper needed by the giant fast food companies They chew up a lot of trees Millions of pounds of paper are used to wrap and bag the billions of burgers tacos or chicken nuggets that are consumed each year To say nothing of the


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15 billion disposable hot beverage cups that are also used annually We all know what happens to all of this paper because we see it everywhere we go Americans have in their quest for personal comfort and convenience declared that the ldquoReduce Reuse Recyclerdquo mantra has no place here Would that we could achieve the 100+ recycling rate that steel enjoys (according to the Steel Recycling Institute) A major shift in attitude is needed here before we can feel good about the wood used here

We have an ever growing and seemingly insatiable demand for wood Riding shotgun along with our vora-cious appetite for wood is our urban-centric driven need to set aside more areas of our forests as places of refuge and sanctuary from our own self -indulgent fast-paced lifestyle These set aside forests in most cases are no longer avail-able for harvesting These two diverging trends produce a gap between the amount of wood that we consume and the amount of wood that we can harvest on a sustainable basis A gap that we now fill with imports But for how long The worldwide demand for wood is also growing every year As the worlds population grows and their standard of living

rises their need for more wood will eventually exceed the growth rates of the worlds forests

What does the future hold for our beloved wood Here is what comes to my mind

The law of supply and demand drives prices up de-mand goes down and once again comes into a balance with harvest in those countries that have strong regu-lations and the will to enforce them Elsewhere forests will be cut at an increased rate for the quick buckConsumers get serious about ldquoReduce Reuse and Recyclerdquo as the law of supply and demand gives us the price points that allow for a profit incentive to do so

Or we could institute a Sustainable Consumer Certifi-cation (SCC) program in which consumers would have to demonstrate that they ldquoReduce Reuse Recyclerdquo according to predetermined levels of acceptability They would then be issued a card showing their sustainability rating This rating would then allow them to purchase only those wood products that are suitable for use by that class of consumer Hmmm Maybe we arenrsquot quite ready for this as yet

Sustainable Business Directory and Resource Guide


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11th Annual Columbia Gorge Earth Center Enviro-Home Tour

The 11th annual Columbia Gorge Earth Center Enviro-Home Tour takes place on October 1 2011 Over ten green remodeled and new homes in Hood River and surrounding communities will open their doors for either a self-guided or coordinated walkingbicycling tour Chat with hom-

GoGreen rsquo11 Portland Showcasing the importance of waste reduction strategies

for business GoGreen rsquo11 Portland will feature a dedicated panel session on the topic and runway show by the Junk to Funk Trashion Collective at its event Tuesday October 4 2011

During the program portion of GoGreen rsquo11 Portland attendees will hear from local experts on waste reduction and zero impact strategies for business during the Collabor-ative Approaches to Achieving Zero Waste at Your Business Panel Session

That session will be lead by Metrorsquos Sustainability Center Business Waste Reduction Planner Will Elder and features locally sourced case studies GoGreen Conference Portland 2011 is an all-day sustainable business conference brought to you by Pacific Power Tuesday October 4 2011 from 830am-500pm at the Gerding Theater at the Armory in Portlandrsquos Pearl District

Please visit portlandgogreenconferencenet for additional event information and to purchase tickets online

Food Day - October 24 2011Aimed at promoting healthy sustainable affordable

and just food systems in America Food Day is a national grassroots mobilization backed by some of the most promi-nent voices for change in the food movement On October 24 2011 people will gather at events big and small and from coast to coast in homes schools colleges churches city halls farmersrsquo markets supermarkets and elsewhere to raise awareness about food issues and advocate for change Think of it as an Earth Day for food

Spearheaded by the nonprofit Center for Science in the Public Interest Food Day is organized around six main policy priorities

Reduce obesity and diet-related disease by promot-1 ing healthy foods Support sustainable family farms and cut subsidies 2 to large farms Eliminate food deserts by providing access to 3 healthy and affordable food Protect the environment and farm animals by re-4 forming factory farms Promote childrenrsquos health by curbing junk-food 5 marketing aimed at kidsObtain fair pay for food and farm workers6

For more info contact Susan Navrotsky 503-232-5657 snavrotskygmailcom or go to httpfooddayorg

Local Notes


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Local Notes continued

Tenth Annual Build It Green Home Tour

Location N NE SE and SW PortlandTour Date Saturday September 24Twenty-two green remodels and new homes open their

doors around the Portland metropolitan area for this popular annual self-guided tour Start and stop where and when you choose Chat with homeowners designers do-it-yourselfers and contractors about solar panels ecoroofs (green roofs) rainwater harvesting natural landscaping affordable hous-ing water and energy conservation natural building materi-als alternative construction techniques and much more Pick up some great ideas for YOUR current or future home

Tickets $15 adult$10 seniorsstudentsalternative transitFREE for children 13 and under

Northwest Permaculture Convergence Oct 14-16

Hosted at the Columbia County Fairgrounds in St Helens OR as well as in the City of Portland this event will include a broad spectrum of presentations activities tours and opportunities to get involved

This yearrsquos Convergence theme is ldquoFinding Common Causerdquo By that we mean expanding both our thinking and our networks to include a broader range of allies and part-ners to work with for making those deep changes

Permaculture and Finding Common Cause ndash this yearrsquos event will engage all ages and interests ranging from urban to rural hands on from education to timely social spiritual and economic innovations ndash local to bio regional Please join us Meet and greet Show and tell From early morning to after hours we anticipate a lively creative and productive 2011 Northwest Convergence

For more info visit httpnwpermaculturecom

The Earth and Spirit Council Presents The Economics of Happiness

Friday Oct 14th at 7pm at The Hollywood TheatreAn eye-opening documentary exposing the truth about

the real price we pay for a globalized economy The Eco-nomics of Happiness also offers a powerful message of hope for the future

The film features a chorus of voices from six continents calling for systemic economic change including David Korten Bill McKibben Vandana Shiva Rob Hopkins Richard Heinberg Juliet Schor Michael Shuman Helena NorbergsbquoAumlecircHodge and Samdhong Rinpoche the Prime Minister of Tibetrsquos government in exile

The Earth amp Spirit Council is a 501(c)(3) educational organization dedicated to strengthening our connection with the natural world Their mission is to encourage and support people in developing a healthy sustainable relation-ship to the Earth The Council reaches out nationally and internationally with large scale community projects classes and workshops

Their 3 current projects areNatural Way Indigenous Voices-bringing authentic indigenous knowledge to their audience through elders story tellers and oral tradition Internet Wisdom Education Videos and record-ings of the Natural Way voices saved for posterity Earth Arts K-8 Multi-arts eco-education program Nurturing childrenrsquos curiosity and love for the living Earth through art and story makingFor tickets and more information about the Earth and

Spirit Council httpwwwearthandspiritorg

eowners designers do-it-yourselfers and contractors Learn about solar panels solar PV energy efficiency retrofits passive house design green building materials alternative building techniques and Energy Performance Scores

Cost $20 per car or family Pick up your Tour Booklets at the Rebuild-it Center (995 Tucker Road) between 9 am and 2 pm on Saturday October 1


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BuildingThe Painted Hills Go Green

By Jim HammettThe Park Management Team at John Day Fossil Beds

National Monument successfully pursued building an unconventional state-of-the-art zero-energy home as a replacement for the ranger residence at the remote Painted Hills Unit The goal which is to make the parkrsquos Painted Hills Unit carbon neutral and energy self sufficient in hous-ing administration and transportation was close to being realized with the completion of the new residence This house built at a cost comparable to standard construction not only eliminates utility costs to the ranger in residence but it also exposed local contractors and the public to a building method far more energy efficient than anything

ported the project after the park presented its potential advantages at a regional project review

The house is a 1200-square-foot structure constructed on a heavily insulated concrete slab It utilizes structural insulated panels (SIPs) for both walls and roof to provide a very air tight building envelope with extremely low heat transfer SIP construction eliminates thermal bridging in the exterior walls caused by the wall studs used in standard construction Because the SIP panels are manufactured to order with all window and door openings pre-cut there is very little construction waste Besides the SIP construction the house incorporates several other innovative energy-saving measures including

A heat recovery ventilation (HRV) system that uses exhaust air to heat or cool incoming fresh air to avoid losing energy while providing a constant supply of fresh air This HRV can also be used as an economizer utilizing temperature differences to capture and store heat or cool air in the early morn-ing or late afternoon depending upon ambient air temperatures Better than Energy Star appliances throughout the house A mini-split high efficiency heat pump to provide what little heating and cooling that is required Triple glazed argon gas-filled windows Double- and triple-sealed doors to eliminate air leakage A grid-tied photovoltaic system and drain-down solar hot water panels on a south-facing roof opti-mally angled for solar gain

The constructed house has a home energy rating (HERS) of -43 This compares to a rating of +100 for an average home constructed to code today and a rating of +80 for an Energy Star-rated home constructed in central Oregon This extraordinary HERS rating means that the home will actually generate 43 more energy than it will consume The house also will achieve an Emerald Rating from the National Association of Home Builders through its Na-tional Green Building Standards program This rating is the highest standard of the rating system Very few homes can qualify at this level

But the house was only the beginning To establish a carbon-neutral operation the transportation requirements also needed to be factored in Polaris stepped up to address this need and loaned the monument an electric vehicle Says Jim Hammett the parkrsquos superintendent ldquoWersquoll be able to plug it in at the house and use the surplus solar-based

Photo Courtesy of FourDirtMagcom

they were familiar with The house is so efficient in fact that it generates far more energy than it uses all of which is carbon free

The original residence had reached the end of its useful life It was costly to maintain did not have a foundation was built on expansive soils and was not energy efficient The park management team decided to pursue building an unconventional state-of-the-art zero-energy home as a replacement for the house They researched the possibili-ties thoroughly developed a plan and submitted a well developed project proposal for funding to the Pacific West Region The plan included building a house that would not only produce more energy than it would use but would also be focused on the conservationefficiency side in order to treduce energy needs An additional goal was that the house would cost no more than a house built using the standard housing designs in the NPS housing program Because this project involved building nonstandard housing approval was problematic However the Pacific West Region sup-


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Building continued

Building continued

energy it generates to charge itrdquo he saidAdditionally through an agreement with Bonneville

Power Administration (BPA) the energy purchased by the monument from BPA is produced using only renew-able carbon-neutral sources

The techniques and materials used to construct this residence are directly reproducible and can be used in any national park wildlife refuge national forest or other fed-eral agency to construct housing Similarly the use of SIPS HRVs mini-split heat pumps are directly applicable to any facility construction anywhere Finally exposing the public to this type of construction furthers its adoption as a new standard for construction and could go very far in reducing carbon emissions associated with residential energy con-sumption

Editorrsquos note For the past five years we have spent the last week end of July in John Day at the SolWest Fair Jennifer Barker and her crew put on such a special event that the trip is always worth it This year we were especially impressed with the National Park Servicersquos (NPS) booth display featuring their new residence and electric vehicle

In a conversation with Jim Hammett we were also impressed with his dedication and drive to push the envelope of change that can be wrought even in a federal agency Sound research and creative thinking enabled Jim to put together a house design that not only exceeded everyonersquos conservation goals but did that at no extra cost over normal construction But Jim isnrsquot stopping here He and his team are ever on the search for ways to reduce energy consumption and are now planning to replace the halogen lights in the Thomas Condon Paleontology Centerrsquos gallery with LED lights He is also working on ways to spark employee energy awareness and savings

Columbia RiverwoodThis companyrsquos wood is derived from classic ldquoboom-

sticksrdquo that made up the perimeter of log transportation rafts from over 50 years ago These select old growth Doug-las fir trees were hand-picked for their straight and branch-less trunks that when chained together would form one of the original water transportation technologies for logsmdashtechnology that has since been replaced by more efficient methods

As time progressed the old log rafts became obsolete and the boomsticks were slowly forgotten about often stored along the riverside After decades in the Columbia River each boomstick is lifted out of the water loaded onto a log truck and transported to a FSC-certified sawmill in Mehama OregonAll of their lumber products are accurate-ly documented and tracked from their location in the river to final lumber production in order to provide their clients an FSC-certified green product

More info at httpcolumbiariverwoodcomSalvage Works

Owned and operated by Preston Browning Salvage

Local Sources of Reused WoodAs the demand for wood and products made from wood

increases the worldrsquos forests will at some point no longer be able to sustainably grow all the fiber consumed Reduc-ing our demand for wood reusing wood products that already exist and recycling the disposable wood products such as paper and cardboard are all steps that must become the norm

In the Portland area there are numerous businesses that offer wood products that have been in use at one time and are now available for reuse often in a totally different way


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Works is in the old Lovett Deconstructiion location at 2030 N Willis St They carry a choice selection of architectural salvage and vintage house parts reclaimed from local de-construction and salvage projects as well as an interesting array of vintage curiosities for the home So if you are look-ing for lumber doors windows flooring molding lighting hand-made furniture or collectibles check with then before buying new

More info at httpwwwsalvageworkspdxcomUrban Hardwood Recovery

Tyler Evans mills kiln dries and sells hardwood lumber from urban trees in the Portland area that have fallen or must be removed for some other reason Normally these trees would end up as firewood or landfill debris

He is constantly on the look out for trees that need to be turned into lumber rather than end up some other place He is not looking to see any healthy trees removed for the sole purpose of creating lumber He does ldquoreclaimedrdquo ldquorescuedrdquo ldquogreenrdquo and ldquosalvagedrdquo wood only

His pricing is designed to put Oregon wood back into the hands of Oregon woodworkers while covering costs and enabling the business to grow and broaden its impact Itrsquos not free but it is designed to be the lower cost for comparable quality His only minimum is at least one whole board No partial boards but other than that there is no minimum to buy

More info at httpwwwurbanhard-woodrecoverycomViridian Wood Products

Most reclaimed lumber companies find their inspiration in old barns and

Building continued

schoolhouses Viridianrsquos story was born in 2004 down at the shipyard with a lot of grit and a couple of friendsrsquo idea to rescue some really amazing wood from winding up in a landfill Wood from far off ports arrives daily as ship-ping pallets and crates but itrsquos extremely difficult to recycle Through years of trial and error they pioneered a method for up-cycling these dock-side discards into products with lasting value Located at 421 N Broadway

More info at httpviridianwoodcomGoby Walnut Products

Their wood comes from local Northwest trees that are either hazard or salvage Their buildings are heated with offcuts from these trees through a very efficient wood fired boiler system Side cuts from flooring become butcher block countertops Walnut planer shavings are a natural weed suppressor and they are developing packaging to sell the shavings as a natural alternative to chemical weed suppres-sants The Goby delivery truck runs on bio-diesel and Goby Walnut Products is in the process of ldquosmartwoodrdquo certifica-tion They see no reason why responsible environmental practices cannot co-exsist with successful business Located


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Energy

Energy continued

The Smart GridAn excerpt from ldquoBeautiful and Abundantrdquo by Bryan WelchOur current power grids are dumb They are great

examples of 20th-century technology but they should get much better We have the technology today to make our power grid more sustainable cleaner more robust and more reliable just by replacing old-fashioned metering with ldquosmart-meteringrdquo and agreeing to pay enterprising power consumers for generating some of their own electricity

Today almost all our electricity is distributed from pow-er plants through the power grid to customers The elec-tricity only flows one way The utility generates the power which flows through wires to homes and businesses The homes and businesses use the power The utility measures how much power its customers use and sends us the bills

The new smarter grid allows every power customer to become a power generator as well as a power consumer The customer and the utility are interconnected ldquoSmart metersrdquo measure the power flowing both directions and the utility compensates the customers for their contributions to the power supply

Where ldquonet meteringrdquo is available utilities measure the customerrsquos ldquonetrdquo power usage that is the amount the customer uses minus the amount the customer produces If

you can generate some of your own electricity with photo-voltaics wind or any other power source the utility buys it from you and sells it to other customers nearby

When electricity is distributed across long distances some of the power is lost in the process About 6 percent of the power generated in the United States is lost to trans-mission inefficiencies If utilities empower individuals to produce their own power and pay them for it the electric-ity is distributed more efficiently because it doesnrsquot have to travel as far The utility customer gets compensated for the power the utility gets a new inexpensive power source and the grid becomes more reliable and efficient

Our old-fashioned grid is unnecessarily vulnerable to weather and incompetence When things go wrong homes and businesses can go without power for days or weeks On a hot afternoon in August 2003 a technician in Ohio forgot to restart a computer program after a routine procedure Then maintenance problems shut down a nearby power plant and some power lines sagged into trees nearby in Wal-ton Hills and Parma Ohio Within hours 55 million people in the United States and Canada were without power

Every year hundreds of thousands of North Americans experience temporary power outages due to weather Scien-tists in 2005 estimated that power outages cost the United States about $80 billion a year on average The principal method for preventing outages is to produce surplus elec-tricity so that peak demand doesnrsquot stress the system Thatrsquos costly both for the utility customers and for the environ-ment unless that electricity is being generated by utilities individuals and businesses using clean renewable energy sources The utility can acquire that power at an attractive price and it doesnrsquot have to plow billions of dollars into new generation facilities

Our power grids are getting smarter Most US states now have laws that authorize net metering Part of the grid used net metering in at least 35 states at the time of this

Building continued

at 5315 NW St Helens RdMore info at httpwwwgobywalnut

comRebuilding Center

The ReBuilding Center a project of Our United Villages is a vibrant resource working to strengthen the environmental economic and social fabric of local communities Founded by volunteers in 1998 The ReBuilding Center carries the regionrsquos largest volume of used building and remodeling materials It provides resources that make home repairs affordable to everyone with the goal of pro-moting the reuse of salvaged and reclaimed materials Three hundred visitors come to The ReBuilding Center every day to browse the ever-changing inventory that includes sinks tubs tile lumber doors windows trim and much more Located at 3625 N Mississippi Ave

More info at httprebuildingcenterorg


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Energy continued

writing Unfortunately implementation of net metering and smart meters has been relatively slow Consumer demand may accelerate the process in the near future and consum-ers will probably open new pricing negotiations with the utilities as well

Imagine a power grid that includes millions of individ-ual generators photovoltaic panels wind turbines big coal plants natural gas cogenerators etc interconnected with smart meters paying on a net-metered basis and supporting each other On the long days of midsummer when North American demand for electricity peaks the photovoltaics are also generating more electricity When overgrown trees interrupt the power supply from a coal plant in Ohio wind power from Pennsylvania takes up some of the slack

Photovoltaics and wind energy were pioneered by inde-pendent spirits who wanted to live ldquooff the gridrdquo The most negative aspect of an off-the-grid system is the necessity of storing electricity in batteries an expensive toxic and inef-ficient technology Interconnection with a smart grid allows individuals and businesses to benefit from generating their own power without the necessity of storing it in batteries And our supply of electricity becomes more reliable and secure when the big industrial generators are supplemented by thousands-or millions-of small independent producers In other words we reduce risks when we donrsquot put all our eggs in one basket

David Gelbaum is one of the countryrsquos most influential advocates for smarter grids Hersquos a successful investor and generous philanthropist whose attention has lately been trained on green technology and wilderness preservation Since 2002 hersquos invested about $500 million in about 40 dif-ferent clean-technology companies including renewable en-ergy and smart-grid technology companies At the same time hersquos given almost as much money to environmental charities including $250 million to the Wildlands Conservancy a land trust he co-founded to preserve wilderness in California and to promote ldquodistributed generationrdquo that is decentralized small generators spread widely across the smart grid Hersquos betting a lot of money on the success of the smart grid

Unfortunately utilities have hampered efforts to imple-ment net metering on a large scale Most states limit the amount of power an independent generator can sell to the grid even where net metering is available In most places consumers are pushing their utilities and governments to liberate the utility grid so it can get smarter

Itrsquos Beautiful Or it can be so long as we pay attention Fewer high-voltage transmission lines will be necessary And fewer smokestacks

It Creates Abundance Obviously A billion genera-tors are better than one

Itrsquos Fair On the Smart Grid utilities and customers are partners Everyone is a buyer Everyone is a seller The utilities control the economics of course and fair policies obviously have to be renegotiated

Itrsquos Contagious Every utility grid in the world can be a smart grid Presumably with new technology grids will only get smarter over time Pretty soon power customers just wonrsquot put up with stupid grids

Bryan Welch is known for his optimism sense of humor and his commitment to empowering people to live their own ver-sions of the good life Welch runs Ogden Publications publishers of Mother Earth News Natural Home Utne Reader and other media brands ldquoBeautiful and Abundantrdquo sells for $2595 and is available through MotherEarthNewscom or at (800) 234-3368

Behavior and the Human Dimensions of Energy Use

This is a growing area of research and activity for customer energy efficiency programs Behavior is clearly a cornerstone of energy efficiency it affects the purchases we make the buildings and systems we design and how we use energy-consuming equipment

To leverage technology and practices for greater savings energy professionals can use social science to understand both how customers use energy and how programs can benefit customers This goes beyond simply providing in-formation Understanding how customers think about their energy use can help programs select technology and engage participants in reducing their energy use through energy efficiency improvements

Considering energy users as members of communities and social networks suggests some possible approaches


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Energy continued

Communicating about social norms ndash showing custom-ers how their energy use compares to othersrsquo ndash can lead to energy savings Programs also use many other approaches including tapping into social networks encouraging partici-pants to educate and compete with each other and provid-ing incentives and recognition

For more about this wwwaceeeorgtopicsbehaviorReprinted with permission from Energy Independence Sol-Utions

Register at solarenergyorg or call 9709638855

R E N E WA B L E E N E RG Y T R A I N I N GSolar Energy International is celebrating 20 years of renewable energy training in 2011 Learn more about these courses and workshops and many more by visiting solarenergyorg today In-person workshops on Guemes Island WAOct 10-15 PV101 Solar Electric Design and Installation (Grid-Direct)Oct 17-22 WP101 Wind Design and InstallationOct 24-29 WP201 Residential Wind Maintenance and Repair

Biomass Energy in John DayGenerations of sawlog harvesting can leave commercial

forests choked with forestry leftovers sapling-sized and un-merchantable trees which need to be thinned to make way for healthy growth In January 2009 Grant County government began an investigation to see whether there was enough of this type of woody biomass in the area to support a pellet plant and what that plant might look like The Grant County Fiber Utilization Study took more than 4 months and enlisted the help of several local state and fed-eral agency employees foresters and business people When complete the study was shared with individuals govern-ment agencies legislators and congressional delegates

Because the county had a completed study it was a prime candidate for support from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act The pellet plant went into produc-tion in March 2011 and is designed to produce approxi-mately 50 tons per day of wood pellets and bricks Pellet plant supervisor John Rowell reports the plant employs 11 people and supports two additional jobs at the chipping sta-tion The pellets and bricks are marketed and distributed by Bear Mountain Forest Products of Portland Oregon

Modern wood pellet and wood chip fueled heating systems are capable of achieving particulate emissions levels that are 10-50 times lower than EPA certified wood stoves without expensive secondary filtration devices If lower emissions are required flue gas cleaning systems are avail-able that achieve particulate emissions similar to natural gas fueled systems New boilers have been installed at the Grant County Regional Airport and the Blue Mountain Hospital Both systems were purchased from A3Energy from Port-land and will use locally produced Bear Mountain Pellets The system at the hospital cost $411000 and is projected to save approximately $50000 per year in 2011 energy dollars

Reprinted with permission from Grant County Economic Development and SolWest Fair


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TransportationThe Hydrogen Fuel Economy Is Here

Almost everything we use in our daily lives spent some time on a truck in reaching us The huge fleet of trucks needed to move all of these goods consumes around 54 billion gallons fuel a year and produces tons of emissions If America is ever to reach energy independence and have clean air this truck fleet needs to make changes

The Vision Motor Corp of El Segundo CA is making changes Seems they are in negotiations with Total Trans-portation Services Inc of Rancho Dominguez California to purchase one hundred zero emission Tyranotrade hydrogen fuel cell-electric class 8 heavy-duty trucks at a total purchase price of approximately $27000000 dollars The purchase is subsequent to the successful trial of the initial vehicle that was delivered to TTSI on Friday the 22nd of July

The Tyrano is an electric truck with batteries recharged by hydrogen fuel cells The fuel cell generates electric-ity from a reaction of hydrogen and oxygen There is no combustion and no air pollution The truck is powered by a 536 HP electric engine creating 3300 ftlbs of torque No

Shweeb is designed as a personal transport solution for shorter urban journeys The concept retains the benefits of reduced costs and comfort of mass transportation but offers the convenience personal space and flexibility of personal transport It delivers mass transportation on a personal level - personal ldquotrainsportationrdquo

Personal aerodynamic pods are suspended from a monorail propelled by an innovative transmission powered by the riderrsquos own pedal power (or alternatively electric

assistance is avail-able) The riders and their luggage are accommodated in a comfortable recumbent seat with a 360-degree panoramic view

The Shweeb proves that by intelligently remov-ing resistances the energy required to move a vehicle becomes very small So small in fact that it becomes pos-

sible to dispense with the mechanical engine and utilize the organic engine that the human passenger already carries - muscle power

The Shweeb is a zero-emission transportation system Because it is so easy to pedal the rider will not even emit much more carbon dioxide than heshe would if using a more passive transportation mode

Transportation continued

internal combustion engine means no carbon footprint no carcinogenic particulates and no noise pollution

Many transportation visionaries believe that hydrogen fuel cells are the true future of transportation and almost all of the major auto manufacturers are working on them Un-fortunately it will be several years before you can walk into a dealer and buy one We just might see fuel cell 18 wheelers on the highway before then

Shweeb Light Rail for BicyclersHerersquos an idea that seems to be the Portland bicyclerrsquos

dream come true a recumbent bike enclosed from the ldquoOregon Mistrdquo and suspended safely above auto and truck traffic Or as their website states ldquoBy integrating the unique properties of monorail and recumbent cycle technologies Shweeb delivers a personal efficient and cost-effective transport solution with applications for urban commuting recreational and fitness markets ldquo


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Last century the human body was viewed as a piece of cargo that had to be carted immobile to its destination This view is quickly changing A sedentary lifestyle is now understood to engender a host of problems (obesity heart disease etc) Opportunities to exercise are harder to attain leisure time is shrinking and open space is diminishing Thus the Shweeb adds value to your commute by giving you mobility and fitness simultaneously

In September 2010 Google Inc announced an invest-ment of one million dollars in Shweeb to assist with transit research and development


Roll Over AmericaThe Roll Over America (ROAM) tour of over 50 ve-

lomobiles began July 28 in Portland and ended August 24th in Washington DC The ROAM tour captain is Josef Janning a velonaut himself whorsquos devoted much of his life to promoting alternative commuting methods healthy lifestyles and creating bike-friendly communities The par-ticipants come from Europe Canada and the US and what

In a recent email from Peter Cossey Managing Director we learned that the Shweeb is still in the RampD stage as they work through the technical problems involved in turning what is essentially an amusement park ride into an urban people mover They believe that they have solutions for everything and are in process of trying to turn these into reality

For more information go to httpshweebcom

Velomobiles in the Gorge courtesy Flickr user JenniferKubus

separates them from the rest is that they were riding in state of the art human powered vehicles

httpwwwrolloveramericaeu


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Electric Vehicle NewsBRD Electric Motorcycles

BRD Motorcycles recently announced its new electric motorcycle the RedShift targeted towards off-road and ur-ban use and intended to outperform gas-powered equiva-lents

ldquoWe just want to make faster motorcyclesrdquo said CEO Marc Fenigstein ldquoWersquore a team of riders and racers with high-performance gas machines in the garage Wersquore build-ing the bikes wersquod rather be ridingrdquo

Like a gas supermoto only faster The RedShift SM the urban version was unveiled recently in San Francisco at the Dainese D-Store SF The unit is said to be a pre-production prototype with production planned for 2012 The RedShift MX the dual-sport version is in parallel development The models share a proprietary chassis and drivetrain produc-ing 40hp and weighing in at approximately 250lbs (240lbs in off-road trim) They feature fully adjustable suspension with conventional wheel and sprocket sizes

Both versions of the RedShift use a 52kWh battery that should deliver about 50 miles of range based on other electric motorcycles in the market but BRD refrained from specifying a range until further testing Fenigstein clarified

ldquoWe expect people to ride the snot out of these in a way that hasnrsquot been possible on previous electrics - thatrsquos going to affect the range and we want to be careful about getting the specification rightrdquo

A unique manufacturing approach creates a distinctive design Chief Design Officer Jeff Sand explains ldquoWhile the chassis geometry is conventional packaging an electric drive-train required rethinking frame designrdquo

The motorcycles will be sold through conventional mo-torcycle dealerships to ensure superb warranty and service support Specifications and product images can be found at BRDrsquos website httpwwwfaster-fastercom

New Leaf Pays Its WayOregon Electric Vehicle Association (OEVA) member

Chris Arnesen and his wife are the proud owners of a brand new all electric Nissan Leaf after being without a car for almost two years During that time they used public trans-portation and joined the car-sharing program Zipcar

They have been keeping track of the cost of the electric-ity to ldquofuelrdquo their Leaf since they got it in March and it aver-ages around $34 a month When Chris was commuting in their 2003 Subaru the gas bill was $240 a month so they are saving just over $200 a month in fuel costs alone Commut-ing 60 miles daily to his job and back on buses may have been cheaper in dollars but he spent many more hours in travel time each month than in a car So no matter how you look at it Chris is far better off driving an electric vehicle (EV)

But the dollar savings that the Leaf provides go far be-yond just the cost of its fuel Over time and Chris expects to keep this car at least 10 years his EV will save on mainte-nance costs as well No more oil changes no more replacing timing belts mufflers exhaust pipes spark plugs anti-freeze oxygen sensors catalytic converters fuel pumps fuel


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EV News continued

injectors and so forthYes at the end of 10 years the Leaf rsquos

battery pack may hold only 80 of the charge that it did when it was new but he can still continue to commute his 60 miles a day with absolutely no ldquoRange Anxietyrdquo whatsoever

Now if all of that that isnrsquot enough to send you running for your Nissan dealer think about this Chris and his wife will never again be spewing ex-haust fumes into the air over the Rose City nor will they ever again send any of their hard earned dollars to a third world OPEC country that could very well be supporting terrorist activity against America Put a price on that

John Day or Bust 2011By Ray Blackburn

Editorrsquos prologue - Interstate 84 wasnrsquot exactly choked with electric vehicles leaving Portland for John Day to take part in the SolWest Fair and the John Day or Bust EV convergence that took place the last weekend in July However there were three hardy souls and two EVs that did strike out on Thursday July 28 thereby keeping this event alive for another year

John Christian Chair of the Oregon Electric Vehicle Association drove his brand new Nissan Leaf and Ray Blackburn OEVA Treasurer was for the second year at the wheel of his converted Toyota Yaris Riding shotgun was Phil Hochstetler another member of the OEVA

Many folks think the Leaf should not be pushed beyond its limits and should not be used for long trips like this but here is what the John Day or Bust trip accomplished more than anything It opened up the eyes of the Port of Cascade Locks The City of The Dalles and The Dalles Chamber of Commerce the Dufur Chamber of Commerce and the Condon Chamber of Commerce All of them were con-fronted with charging EVrsquos recently Now they are contem-plating the tourist impact and how it might be beneficial to be ldquocharge friendlyrdquo for their respective cities

The more EVrsquos that go through these towns the better for EVrsquos and the infrastructure that supports them Plus tmore money is coming to these towns from EV drivers that are

captivated until charging is finished I am sure many of the entities above have heard EVrsquos are coming but we let them know they are here and the occupants and cars have needs right now not some time in the future

A special thanks to Jennifer and Lance Barker Gary Munkhoff Ernest Hagel who played a part for us to get charging points along the way and the people who allowed us to charge The trip was made possible by folks such as Kristi Bengtson at Port of Cascade Locks Nissan of The Dalles (though Sid in the service department could not confirm the chargers were operating but believed they were) Ron at the city park in Dufur and Vernon Grey of Grey amp Sun Condon Wind Solar store in Condon (but be-ware of the 50 cents charge per KW there) The rock solid Kendall Derby at the Juniper Sawmill and Kiln who allowed us to arrive anytime day or night and camp in Fossil and charge In Dayville it was Brian Smith the electrician that let us charge and in John Day Jennifer and Lance Barker allowed us to charge at the John Day Fair Grounds

Some interesting points problems and fun things along the way At The Dalles Nissan we could not get both cars to charge off one charger so we called the number on the charger but it was not much help unless we needed a tow After a few hours of trying to get the charger to cooperate I left Phil and John in The Dalles and headed for Dufur


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Visit Our Advertisers They Have Great Goods amp Services

And They Make This Magazine Possible

EV News continued

Charging Outlets at Port of Cascade Locks Marine Park

where I knew there was a 14-50p 50 amp outlet that would charge my Yaris As luck would have it there was also cell phone coverage so I could call John and Phil and let them know I was charging on 240V When John and Phil were fully charged I was only at 91 Since I am very familiar with my car and had made the trip before I figured this was enough to make it to our next charge point in Condon Ore

We arrived at Condon around 8 pm The Leaf was put on the 240V and the poor baby Yaris was stuck with 120 volts The Yaris does not utilize 120V well at all for charg-ing We walked all through the town and could not find one restaurant open and by this time ldquostarvation anxietyrdquo was setting in

Finally we decided we would tell the Elks Club our predicament as they were the only ones still open and see if they would allow us to eat A man there by the name of Kay sponsored us and it was goulash all around In hindsight I should have ordered a hamburger but ate all my goulash anyway By now it was late and time to push on to Fossil just 21 miles away where we would all spend the night However since my car doesnrsquot charge well on 120 volts by the time we did arrive in Fossil my batteries had only a 4 charge remaining This was the lowest state of charge for the Yaris for the whole trip

We left Fossil the next morning with both cars fully charged I was bored the last 100 miles and having made the trip before I knew the Yaris was home free as far as making it the rest of the way to John Day Phil and John were taking it easy on the Leaf not having made the trip before so for fun I would pass the Leaf at about 70 mph and keep pouring on the coal until I was well out of sight and Then I would slow down and look for a place to hide After a while the unsuspecting Leaf would go by and I would pull

out tail them a while and then blow by them again in the same manner then find some bushes to hide behind and repeat

One eventful thing we discovered on the way back from John Day In Condon Vernon Grey told us some motorcy-cles ran into range anxiety because they reached Condon at 8 pm and the gas station was closed The motorcyclists were forced to spend the night in Condon until the gas station opened in the morning

Oh yeah John brought back a placard for Best Green Manufactured Vehicle at the SolWest Fair To be honest there was no other competition in this category as his was the only Leaf to fall in John Day this year

Volt Owner Gets 300+ MPGWhen General Motors unveiled the Chevrolet Volt the

media was caught off balance and failed to fully appreciate what the engineers at GM had come up with Is it an electric car Is it a hybrid Is it an extended range electric car The debate went on and on Does it really matter and who cares anyway So while the auto techno-experts argued over where exactly to put the Volt people were quietly buying them and putting them in their garages Best of all Motor Trend maga-zine got it right and called the Volt ldquoCar Of The Yearrdquo

One of the new Volt owners was Jeff Parmet who pur-chased his in December 2010 left the dealership with a full tank of gas and a fully charged battery drove the car 2500 miles over a six month period and only then did he have to buy eight gallons of gas to refill the gas tank Do the math and the debate over the Voltrsquos label becomes irrelevant Any car that gets over 300 miles per gallon deserves the ldquoCar Of The Yearrdquo title There are numerous websites and blogs dedicated to Volt owners where you can read more stories Here is the official Chevrolet website

httpwwwchevroletvoltagecom


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PetsFlea Time

By Chip SammonsHerersquos our choice utilize preventative measures for

controlling fleas now or waiting until those pesky pointed headed little bloodsuckers drive us to the brink of frustration by setting off some kind of poisonous flea bomb in our homes

We humans are the onersquos with the bigger brains (though we canrsquot jump as far) so maybe we should consider some of the very effective ways to prevent those slimy dirty disease carrying jumpers from infecting family companion dogs and cats and us

Some people (those who donrsquot know any better) will resort to chemicals pesticides bombs and nuclear devices Others will inject one of the many spot-on types of flea killers without realizing that every single year according to both the EPA and the Centerrsquos for Disease Control sup-pressed immune systems medical problems and even death occur on a normal basis with these products

The solution to all of this is fairly simple Realize that for every flea that you find on your family pet companion there are 200 in your carpet in various stages of life Most will be flea eggs many will be larvae some will be cocoons

and only 5 will be adult fleas Itrsquos not a pretty picture but thatrsquos just the way it is

The first step is to apply boric acid powder to our carpets and diatomaceous earth or pyrethrum powder to hardwood or linoleum floors Boric acid powder (brand name Fleago) actually kills fleas in the larvae stage thus preventing the cocoon and adult stages from happening Thatrsquos great news Diatomaceous Earth and pyrethrum powder also work on concrete in the garage or on side-walks or even in outdoor areas Diatomaceous Earth actu-ally kills mechanically by drying out adult fleas where as pyrethrum powder not only dries them out but also affects their nervous system with its potency

The next and very crucial step is to spray our yards with beneficial nematodes which also kill fleas in the larvae stage Simply spray a perimeter around your house with a hose-end sprayer on the end of your hose to create a safety zone Even if you have several acres spray a perimeter around your house creating a moat-like safety barrier

The final stage is to consider natural products containing good quality herbs to put directly on our pets remembering that whatever we put on them will be absorbed into their bodies Remember we donrsquot want to suppress them but


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we do want to help them to repel these nasty little blood-suckers And we can do that just fine with many of the safe products on the market today

One of the biggest challenges today is determining what is safe and what is labeled as safe but is really not For that I recommend finding an independent pet store with knowl-edgeable employees

We can prevent our companion family dogs and cats from suffering from the devastating effects of fleas with just a little

Pets continued

bit of planning and purchasing safe and effective flea control products from knowledgeable experts Good luck

(Chip Sammons owner amp janitor of the Holistic Pet Center has received many local and national awards for helping to spread holistic concepts of caring for our family companion pets for 23 years and hosts ldquoPet Nutrition amp Newsrdquo every Saturday morning from 8 ndash 9 on KPAM 860 AM Email Chip at chipholisticpetcentercom or visit him at 15599 SE 82nd Drive Clackamas Oregon 97015)


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Traveling Have These Essential Oils With You

CinnamonCinnamomum zeylanicum1 drop daily for upset stomach or

diarrheaGingerZingibar officinale1 drop 3 times daily for travel

sicknessLavenderLavandula officinalis Blend with aloe vera oil and apply

to skin Use for bites cuts and scalds

LemonCitrus limonum1 drop 3 times daily Gargle for

sore throat and general anes-thetic

HealthPeppermintMentha piperita var amaraBlend with aloe and apply to skin

for aches pains and bruising1 drop 3 times daily for indiges-

tionTea Tree AustraliaMelaleuca alternifoliaBlend with aloe and apply to skin

for sunburn or apply directly to infection

Ylang YlangCananga odorataApply directly to skin for fungal

infectionCourtesy ofApothecary Shoppe of American College of Healthcare Sciences httpwwwapothecary-shoppecomhttpwwwachsedu


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GardeningUse Wood Mulch to Build Great Garden Soil

By Barbara PleasantMost organic gardeners find that following naturersquos pat-

terns serves them well When it comes to building richer soil naturersquos plan relies heavily on trees mdash fallen limbs leaves cones seeds and eventually the massive trunks Adapting this plan to your garden by using a wood mulch mdash such as wood chips sawdust or other woody residues mdash as soil-building material is a strategy that promises huge long-term returns

Field studies dating back to the 1950s mdash and as recent as this year mdash suggest that a high-fiber diet of woody materi-als is exactly what many soils need Rotted bits of wood persist as organic matter for a long time enhancing the soilrsquos ability to retain nutrients and moisture which results in bigger better crops

But wait Woody materials are high in carbon and cel-lulose so they need nitrogen and time in order to decom-pose If you ignore these facts by mixing fresh sawdust or wood chips directly into your soil the materials will bind up much of the soilrsquos nitrogen and render the spot useless for gardening for a season or two

The outcome changes however if you add nitrogen or time For example when researchers planted a new organic apple orchard in northern Maine in 2005 fresh wood chips com-bined with blood meal (a very high-nitrogen or-ganic material with a typi-cal analysis of 12-0-0) and tilled into the top layer of the soil mdash plus a surface mulch of wood chips mdash proved better than three other treatments at promoting rapid tree growth And in less than two years the organic matter content in the chip-amended plots went from near zero to 2 to 3 percent

Sawdust has much more exposed surface area than wood chips do so incorporating fresh sawdust into soil is not a good idea chemically (because of nitrogen tie-up) or physically (the mixture wonrsquot hold water worth a flip) But sawdust makes a spectacular mulch for perennial crops As long as you scatter a bit of organic fertilizer poultry manure or other nitrogen source over the surface each time you throw on a fresh layer sawdust makes unsurpassed mulch for blueberries strawberries and raspberries and it can work well with asparagus tooMycelium Madness

In the Maine apple orchard study the research team

observed that the wood chip plots became covered with white mycelium which is the vegetative form of many fruiting fungi and is commonly known as white rot The development of these fungi in the wood mulch increases the amount and enhances the character of organic matter in the soil as well as helps the soilrsquos ability to retain moisture The huge group of fungi known collectively as Basidiomycetes is a core player in wood chip decomposition Many produce mushrooms mdash pretty but not generally edible Where moist wood chips and soil unite these fungi use enzymes to access nutrients in the wood which is their energy source for the growth of threadlike white hyphae The hyphae knit them-selves together into mycelium which is easy to see In addi-tion to fungi several specialized types of bacteria are able to degrade high-cellulose materials such as wood chips while others digest failing fungi Seen this way itrsquos easy to envision wood chips in soil as life rafts that support three major levels of soil life the fibrous organic matter of the chips them-selves the biological mass of filamentous fungi that grows on them and beneficial bacteria that come and go in wavesRecovering Resources

Wood chips and sawdust are each byproducts of other activities so finding good-quality local resources is your first step If you live near a sawmill you can probably get sawdust cheap though yoursquoll need assurance from the

sawmill operator that it doesnrsquot include black walnut sawdust which releases a toxin that can be murder on tomatoes and other sensitive vegetables Also avoid sawdust from plywood and painted or treated wood in your garden because of the glues and other chemicals With sawdust the lower you go on the production chain (a sawmill that handles whole

logs) the more likely you are to get garden-worthy sawdust For soil-building purposes coarse sawdust is better than fine because itrsquos less likely to pack into a mat and it lasts longer as organic matter in the soil

If kept moist sawdust can decompose surprisingly quickly In a study at Ohio State University sawdust rot-ted faster than newspaper or straw both of which were still recognizable after 16 weeks To speed up rotting in a pile of sawdust simply add moisture and nitrogen This can be done by mixing up a big batch of fish emulsion pouring it into an already damp doughnut-shaped sawdust pile and then covering it with a tarp or an old blanket to retain mois-ture After sawdust turns black you can use it to lighten up any soil mdash including potting soil mdash for seedlings and container gardening


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Gardening continued

Most of the more recent studies with wood chips used what are called ramial wood chips which are what you get when you put live leafless hardwood branches 2 to 3 inches in diameter through a chipper to create pieces that are a half to 1 inch wide and 1 to 4 inches long Ramial chips have relatively little bark and heartwood because of the size of the branches used which is part of what makes them so attractive as a soil amendment Superior batches also con-tain few leaves cones or other prickly parts

You can get ramial wood chips for free by connecting with tree-trimming crews working in your area In some towns such as Oshkosh Wis you can take small limbs to a chipping center on certain Saturdays and go home with your own homegrown wood chips Wherever you live a few phone calls to local utility companies or tree service compa-nies should be all it takes to find a free supply Wood chips often end up in landfills letrsquos put them to use enriching our garden soils instead

Illustration by Elayne Sears Excerpted from MOTHER EARTH NEWS the Original Guide

to Living Wisely To read more articles from MOTHER EARTH NEWS please visit wwwMotherEarthNewscom or call (800) 234-3368 to subscribe Copyright 2010 by Ogden Publications Inc


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Gardening continued

Hoop Houses Eat From Your Garden Earlier and Longer

Hoop houses are a great do-it-yourself project that can make it possible for you to garden all year long They can also be used for storage as a temporary garage or even as a workshop They are inexpensive easy to construct and when completed they also

Add up to two months to either end of your growing seasonProvide room to set out your plant starts until they can be planted in your gardenLet you grow winter greens like spinach all through the winter seasonGive tomatoes those over 60 degree warm nights that they need for setting fruitProtect your plants from wind and frostPrevent heavy rain from damaging your plants com-pacting the soil and washing seeds awayMinimize insect infestationsCan be used as a place to set up your lounge chair and sip ice tea in January and enjoy the 85 degree inside temperatureCan be covered with a tarp for firewood storageCan be covered with shade cloth to be used as a pen for poultry or game birdsYour hoop house should be situated on a well-drained

level spot that receives as much sunlight as possible It should be located near a water source Unlike a greenhouse a hoop house is not usually heated in the winter If you plan to heat yours you will need access to electricity

Hoop houses can be assembled quickly with minimal skills and tools How long it takes to set one up depends on how large yours will be They can be built just large enough

Photo courtesy knitting iris on Flickr

to cover one raised bed a la a cold frame or you can build one large enough to stand up and walk around in Because it is a portable structure you probably wonrsquot need a build-ing permit but check with your local authorities to be sure especially if your are building a large one

Most hoop houses are made using PVC pipe for the hoop structure but galvanized electrical conduit can also be used The hoops are secured to the ground either by slip-ping them over rebar that has been hammered into the soil or by fastening them to a lumber framework After the hoops are in place the structure is covered with clear 6-mil polyethylene plastic sheeting The sheeting can be fastened to the frame in several ways such as short lengths of PVC pipe that have been slit clips screws bolts or staples

Tools required will vary depending on the materials you use to build your hoop house but typically include a hacksaw or pipe cutting tool a utility knife a drill or staple gun and a tape measure Complete instructions and materials lists for building one are available on several websites including

httpclarkwsueduvolunteermggm_tipshoophouseshtmlhttpwestsidegardenercomhowtohoophousehtmlhttpwwwself-sufficient-farm-livingcomhoop-house-planshtml

If you live in an area that has very warm summer temperatures you will need to open both ends of the hoop house for ventilation The sides can be constructed in such a way that the plastic can be rolled for additional air circula-tion Or you can completely remove the plastic covering for the summer

If you donrsquot want to bother locating and purchasing all the materials separately you can order a kit from any of several on line suppliers

httpbearnakedgardeningcom (located in Portland)httpwwwhoophousecom

Photo courtesy Ciotrsquos Run on Flickr


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FoodEducationFarm to School ndash The ABCs of Fresh Food

By Katie Cordrey An innovative effort to bring locally-grown foods to Or-

egonrsquos school children and to help them understand where their food comes from received a big thumbs-up when the Oregon State Legislature unanimously passed House Bill 2800 in July

HB 2800 aslo known as the ldquoFarm to School and School Gar-densrdquo bill provides $200000 to a pilot program to rev up the provi-sion of Oregon-grown foods and hands-on garden-based educa-tion to public school students The funds will allow school districts an extra 15-cents per school meal to buy Oregon foods and produce

This is good news for small farmers whose livelihoods depend upon locavore consumption and for students whose lifelong health

will be improved by a preference for fruits and vegetables developed in childhood

Ecotrust the Oregon Departments of Education and Agriculture Kaiser Permanente and the Northwest Health Foundation have all been involved in nurturing the Farm to School concept but others play a role too

David Shonk owner of Twelve Mile Market natural foods market in Gresham and Bumblebee Farm a certified organic farm in Troutdale is one of an increasing number of farm-ers who supply fresh local food to school kitchens

ldquoThis is Bumblebee Farmrsquos sec-ond season supplying fresh from the field food to Lewis and Clark Montassori charter schoolrdquo Shonk says He goes on to state that hersquos excited to be part of the Farm to School program and enjoys know-ing that he is putting healthful food on studentsrsquo lunch trays

A local lunch served as part of Portland Public Schools farm to school program featuring regionally sourced products on a reusable tray Truitt Brothers chili Don Poncho tortilla chips Clackamas Bakery cornbread Willamette Valley Fruit Company blueberries pears from Walter Wells and Sons and Pacific Coast Fruit Company fresh salsa and lettuce

Description amp image courtesy of Ecotrust and photographer Scott Trimble


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ldquoI love helping students understand and interact with where their food can come from our local organic farms and gardensrdquo Shonk posted on the Ecotrust-sponsored Good Grub and Gardens website

The Farm to School program is a great fit for producers like Bumblebee that have made a commitment to superior nutrition interactive education and healthy ecology but itrsquos not the only way to get field-fresh food on the plates of Oregonrsquos school students

CREST Farm is a school District-owned producer cul-tivating a 10-acre parcel of designated farmland adjacent to Boones Ferry Primary School in Wilsonville The West Linn- Wilsonville District farm meets educational goals by providing hands-on student experiences and bolsters the Districtrsquos wellness efforts by providing the Districtrsquos cafete-rias with quality fresh produce for their young patrons

Weston Miller of OSU Extension faculty has commented that the CREST Farm to School program and site can serve as a model to other districts in the Portland metro region that want to harvest both educational and nutritional ben-efits for children in their schools

While CREST is modeling the grow-your-own strat-egy Portland Public Schoolsrsquo semi-monthly Harvest of the Month program started in 2007 It serves a locally grown fruit or vegetable at lunch to help students connect the food on their plates to where it is grown

The Portland schoolsrsquo Local Flavors Program also aims to put more fresh sustainable food on studentsrsquo trays Fresh fruits and vegetables are sourced from local farmers and more than 30 of Portland Public Schoolsrsquo food purchases are from local suppliers

To provide hands-on learning Portlandrsquos schools have a resource in Zenger Farm a non-profit farm and wetland in outer southeast Portland Zenger offers practical applied youth education in sustainable agriculture wetland ecology food

FoodEducation continued

security healthful eating and local economic developmentCommitted students staff parents and community

volunteers have also provided direct experience and ben-efited the local community by creating more than 40 edible gardens throughout the Portland School Districtrsquos area

With the movement toward healthful eating gathering credibility supported by national advocates like First Lady Michelle Obama the vision of serving locally grown pro-duce to students is one fully deserving of citizen support Oregonrsquos Farm to School and School Gardens projects pro-mote health provide education increase mindfulness about the environment and help to strengthen the local economy It doesnrsquot get much better than that

For more information on Farm to School programsCREST FARM httpbitlyq5pLGnECOTRUST httpwwwecotrustorgfarmtoschoolOREGON DEPT of EDU httpbitlyoPRRsQPORTLAND PUB SCHOOLS httpbitlyoEg7ZUUSDA httpwwwfnsusdagovcndf2sTHE IMPACT of SEVEN CENTS - a downloadable pdf report httpbitlynWfAk4

EducationSustainable Schools-Sustainable Solutions

The Zero Waste Alliancersquos Sustainable Oregon Schools Initiative SOSI (pronounced ldquoso seerdquo) has taken a sys-temic approach to fostering healthy school environments by engaging educating and inspiring individual schools districts and the organizations that support them

Oregonrsquos schools comprise an infrastructure large


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enough to house one-fifth of Oregonrsquos population and that means they have a large carbon footprint Reducing that footprint will result in a cleaner environment but will also save money by eliminating waste and increasing resource efficiency But creating a healthy sustainable environment is only part of the sustainability solution

Through education for sustainability SOSI helps to develop school curriculums infused with learning that pre-pares students to live and work in a sustainable society The group envisions Oregon schools at the forefront of environ-mental stewardship and todayrsquos students the creators of a sustainable future

The SOSI website has an impressive list of participat-ing schools and school districts that includes many in the Portland-Metro area It also provides information about how to join the effort Visit sustainableschoolsorg for ways to help and links to more information

Education continued

Green Living Journal Delivered To Your Companyrsquos Lunch Room - Coffee LoungeFREE - For More Information Contact susangreenlivingjournalcom 541-374-5454


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Book ReviewThe Homeowners Guide to Renew-able Energy - Revised amp Updated EditionAchieving Energy Independence through Solar Wind Biomass and HydropowerBy Dan Chiras

Energy bills have skyrocketed in North America and traditional energy sources can be as damaging to the

environment as they are to your pocketbook The Homeowners Guide to Re-newable Energy will show you how to slash your home energy costs while dramatically reducing your carbon footprint

Completely revised and updated this new edition describes the most practi-cal and affordable methods for making significant improvements in home

energy efficiency and tapping into clean affordable renew-able energy resources If implemented these measures will save the average homeowner tens of thousands of dollars over the coming decades

Focusing on the latest technological advances in residen-tial renewable energy this guide examines each alternative energy option available including

Solar hot water and solar hot air systems Space heat passive and active solar retrofits and heat pumps Wood heat Passive cooling Electricity from solar wind and microhydro Hydrogen fuel cells methane digesters and biodiesel

This well-illustrated and accessible guide is an essential resource for those wanting to enter the renewable energy field Packed with practical tips and guidelines it gives read-ers sufficient knowledge to hire and communicate effectively with contractors and is a must-read for anyone interested in saving money and achieving energy independence

Available from New Society Publishers httpwwwnewsocietycom


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Book Review continued


Up Tunket Road - the Education of a Modern Homesteader

By Philip Ackerman-LeistReview by Jennifer Barker EORenew

We all make choice in our lves whether consciously or by default Some of us choose to live lives of in-tentional involvement with the sources of our sustenance whether we live in a city town or on a farm place But while Philip Ackerman-Leist followed a traditional path back to the land he admits that the definitions of home-steading are changing as new genera-tions become interested in transform-ing skills and values into a lifestyle no matter where one feels most at home

Philip is honest and humble about the choices and compromises he has made His journey as that of many others started with the choice to learn about traditional skills and values not generally found in school curricula

His stories resonate with humor and humility from learning the ways of the land under the tutelage of tart-tongued mentors to the first tentative steps that he and Erin took into raising cattle Its obvious he doesnt need to go searching for challenges in sports or games when he can find adventure and engagement right at home

Like many of my own mentors (I think I first heard this phrase from Bob Jackson a tree farmer in northeast Oregon) Philip believes in the thoughtful application of manual labor This doesnt mean beating yourself up doing everything the hard way It means thinking carefully about where hand tools and methods may be more appropriate and effective than the brute force of machinery As he puts it its a sense of work craft and simple pleasures He takes pleasure in beating the system by doing things for himself saving both money and resources in the process

Like some of my other favorites this book is full of aha moments those almost-blinding flashes of self-recog-nition you get when someone accurately describes some-thing youve known all along but were never able to put into words for yourself Up Tunket Road is full of stories but it also spends time analyzing why things worked like they did for the author and others in the stories

The most pressing arguments are in the chapter Oikos A Household Economy and Ecology He explains how in our society economy and ecology are often pitted against each other yet in a household they must exist under the same roof He wonders aloud why if we as individuals cant behave rationally or within our means we still seem to expect it of our business sector our elected officials and our children

No one can truly be independent without renouncing the comforts and conveniences of modern society (and I certainly dont want to do that) Philip Ackerman-Leist makes it clear right from the start of Up Tunket Road that he is searching for community and a certain control over his life a crafted interdependence rather than an abstract idea of self-sufficiency Its clear to me when I read this book that I find myself in good company

Availabe from Chelsea Green Publishinghttpwwwchelseagreencom

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Documents

Green Living Journal PDX Fall #14