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Green Labs Project
Sponsored by UVM’s Clean Energy Fund
Phase I
Pilot Lab Equipment Inventory & Energy Audit
Hypothesis:
Campus Laboratories are filled with expensive capital equipment.
Hypothesis:
The laboratory equipment consumes significant energy.
Hypothesis:
The equipment requires routine preventative maintenance to increase longevity
Hypothesis:
Storage of unused equipment creates a life safety hazard and requires significant space and storage.
The Pilot Project Sample 20 UVM labs of the 500+ on campus
� Inventory all electrical equipment
� Measure equipment electrical usage
� Identify equipment in need of repair and overall utilization
� Analyze the results and establish future outcomes
Inventory Sampled 16 labs and identified 294 equipment items
� 8 devices were reported as not used by end user
� 49 equipment items (refrigerators, freezers & water baths) were on 24 hours a day / 7 days a week
� 1 item was found to be in an unsafe condition
Measure � The Kill A Watt™ was modified by
the UVM Instrumentation and Model Facility to effectively measure equipment electrical consumption
� Interviews with Lab personnel provided equipment usage
� Where direct measurement was not feasible the equipment UL ratings were used
Identify One device was identified to have an un-safe power cord which impacted the overall device operation.
Identify Eight Devices were reported as not used.
Analysis � The pilot lab equipment inventory and energy audit
results in a recommendation to:
Ø Conduct a focused inventory of Refrigerators and Freezers on campus
Analysis WHY?
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory report:
� Energy efficiency standards will save 250 billion KWh or 6.5% of estimated energy use
� A Report issued by S. Nadel (2003) and cited by Rosenfeld (2008) shows that from 1972 to 2001 the impact of new appliance standards has driven a 75% decline in energy consumption on refrigerators alone.
Phase II
Refrigerator and Freezer Inventory &
Replacement Planning
Hypothesis:
Active management of the Campus Laboratory Refrigerators and Freezers can drive energy savings for UVM.
Hypothesis:
Replacement of High Energy Appliances will result in a positive return on investment.
The Project Systematically scan UVM labs by building for refrigerators and freezers:
� Inventory Refrigerators and Freezers in Labs
� Measure Refrigerator and Freezer electrical usage
� Identify Refrigerators and Freezers in need of repair
� Analyze the results and establish future outcomes
Inventory Sampled 5 Buildings:
� Colchester Research Facility
� Terrill
� Stafford
� HSRF (Partial)
� Given (Partial)
Inventory
Refrigerators & Freezers Inventoried
Refrigeration Inventory Style Profile
70, 22%
5, 2%
55, 17%
1, 0% 3, 1%
15, 5%
3, 1%
43, 14%
31, 10%
65, 20%
27, 8%
1 Upright freezer
2 Chest freezer
3 Top freezer/refrigerator
4 Bottom freezer/refrigerator
5 Side by side
6 Single door
7 Single door with freezer
8 Upright ULT
9 Chest ULT
10 Compact refrigerator
11 Compact Freezer
Refrigeration Inventory Age Profile
1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 2 2
12
6 3 2
10
22
5
37
4
10
24
6 3
6
9
5
17
6 7
16
8 8 8
12
5 3
8
41
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1969
19
75
1976
19
79
1981
19
82
1984
19
85
1986
19
87
1988
19
89
1990
19
91
1992
19
93
1994
19
95
1996
19
97
Und
ef.c
lass
i19
98
1999
20
00
2001
20
02
2003
20
04
2005
20
06
2007
20
08
2009
20
10
2011
20
12
2013
un
defin
ed
Year
Num
ber
of
devi
ces
Measure � The modified Kill A Watt was used
to measure Refrigerator and Freezer electrical consumption where accessible
� Where direct measurement wass not feasible the equipment UL ratings were used
� 52 refrigerators and freezers presented consumption >850 KWH
Identify One refrigerator was identified to have failed operation.
Analysis � The refrigerator & freezer inventory resulted in:
Ø Research on prior refrigerator & freezer energy studies as reference data
Ø Defined body of projects at other institutions Ø Identified Rules for Replacement Ø Profile of the Refrigerators inventoried by Rule Ø Recommended inventory for replacement
The results of our research show…
Replacement is Cool!
Research Results - Replacement Stanford – Annual Savings 208,031kWh
A 2002 survey of two large biology buildings revealed one laboratory with particularly old, inefficient refrigerators and freezers. The Primary Investigator did not intend to replace them as he is uncertain how much longer he will be using the lab. Stanford’s Utilities Division covered the full cost of replacing twelve units (and scrapping three) with an estimated simple payback period of 4.8 years.
Laboratory-grade equipment would have cost at least 40% more.
Innovation – Eliminate Student Refrigerators / Share
http://www.stanford.edu/dept/rde/cgi-bin/drupal/housing/sites/default/files/SLG.pdf
Research Results - Replacement McGill
If every lab in McGill started storing their biological specimens in energy efficient units today, McGill could save up to an estimated $200 in energy costs per freezer by May, 2013.
If every lab in McGill started storing their biological specimens in ambient temperature storage today, McGill could save up to an estimated $500 in energy costs per freezer by May, 2013.
Research Results – Replacement University of Maryland – Annual Savings $10,000/year
The Refrigerator Replacement Program will reduce energy consumption at the University of Maryland by offering departments an incentive to replace or decommission old refrigerators that are much less energy efficient than newer models. This program is not only an opportunity to reduce energy consumption and costs, but also to decrease greenhouse gas emissions while improving the sustainability of the College Park campus. By replacing 50 old refrigerators with new energy efficient models and removing another 20 refrigerators without replacement, this program is projected to save the university $10,000 per year .
Research Results – Replacement UC Davis– hope to save up to $100,000 annually
Allen Doyle, sustainability manager at UC Davis, conceived of the Freezer Challenge as a way to introduce a variety of laboratory cold storage techniques, ranging from cleaning out and defrosting freezers to creating inventories of frozen samples to adjusting freezer temperatures and retiring old, less efficient freezers. He convinced colleagues at six other universities, including Harvard and CU Boulder, to partner with him and bring the challenge to their campuses. Their goals for the Freezer Challenge are to save energy, reduce the volume of freezer space, retire as many freezers as possible
Research Results – Replacement Yale– Yale University 2013-2016 Sustainability Strategic Plan
Reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions 5% below 2013 levels by June 2016.
Expand existing inventory of freezers and refrigerators to establish age and presence of service contracts; develop options for standardized service and maintenance, and evaluate potential cost-benefit of replacement schedule based upon energy savings.
Research Results – Replacement Clarkson – 1 Lab replacement could save $2,100/year
Research Results – Replacement Harvard
395 refrigerators get replaced saving Harvard University Housing 65,247 kWh annually
Research Results – Replacement
� SCRB Hosts Successful First-Ever Lab Environmental Competition
� The pilot project hosted by the Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department (HSCRB) involved 16 labs in two buildings and targeted five key areas related lab energy efficiency and waste reduction.
� - See more at: http://report.green.harvard.edu/our-journey#sthash.Eh0rAjep.dpuf
� http://www.upenn.edu/sustainability/sites/default/files/Green%20Labs%20@%20Penn_0.pdf
Summary – Replacement
A comprehensive inventory & replacement program for
outdated, inefficient refrigerators and freezers…
Makes financial $en$e
The results of our research show…
Maintenance is also Cool!
Research Results – Maintenance Studies have proven that freezer maintenance is critical, as significant energy savings can be achieved when freezer coils and filters are free of dust.
Reference: http://www.laboratoryequipment.com/articles/2014/04/collaborative-sustainability
Research Results – Maintenance Duke –
Freezers and fridges have a regular maintenance schedule.
In a typical lab, refrigerators and freezers are a large component of the total energy consumption. Keeping freezers free of ice build-up is an easy way to reduce waste in your lab. When an ice layer builds, covering the coils, the compressor must run longer to maintain cold temperatures. If the ice is more than ¼ inch thick, then it needs to be defrosted. Defrosting regularly will save energy and possibly extend its life. Also, minimizing ice buildup will maximize your storage space, and boxes and racks will sit flat instead of precariously perched on lumpy icy surfaces.
Research Results – Maintenance Colorado University – Winner of UC Davis Freezer Challenge
10 new labs signed up for the CU Green Labs freezer maintenance program (to bring our total to 27 labs in the program)
44 units received preventative maintenance attention (defrosting, cleaning filters/coils)
Research Results – Maintenance University of Pennsylvania– Maintenance Saves Energy
When an ice layer builds up covering the coils, the compressor must run longer to maintain temperature, using more energy. Consider making this a regularly scheduled task to ensure it is completed. Defrost and clean out your freezer coils each time you organize an annual freezer cleanout in your lab. Cleaning allows boxes and racks to lay flat instead of sitting on lumpy icy surfaces, saving space. It takes 2 half-hour shifts to defrost a freezer and five minutes to vacuum the coils.
Research Results – Maintenance Harvard – freezer maintenance is often overlooked
A study was conducted in the summer of 2011 that proved significant energy savings were associated with keeping freezer coils and filters free of dust, allowing for proper heat exchange. The study also revealed that routine freezer care is often overlooked due to competing priorities in research labs and a lack of understanding of the importance of these measures. In response, the FAS Freezer Preventative Maintenance Program was developed by the FAS Office
Summary – Maintenance
A comprehensive maintenance program for refrigerators and
freezers…
Makes financial $en$e
Using the research as a base & the recommended 6 rules for
replacement…..
Suggested Rules for Replacement* 1 If annual consump-on>850 kWh/year
2 Manufactured before 1998
3 Color not longer used(green, brown, gold)
4 Nameplate or label aFached in a loca-on no longer used
5 Has flexible walls with fiberglass insula-on 6 It is a brand not manufctured since the mid-‐1980s:Coldspot, Coronado, JC
Penney, O’Keefe & MerriF, and Wizard
*James Cavallo, Ph.D., Kouba-Cavallo Associates and Home Energy Magazine James Mapp, Ph.D., Wisconsin Division of Energy
Leads to a UVM Refrigeration Inventory by Rules for Replacement
1. annual consumption>850 kWh/year
2. manufactured
before 1998
3. Color not longer
used(green, brown, gold)
4. Nameplate or label in no longer used
location
5. Has flexible walls with fiberglass insulation
6. It is a brand not
manufctured since the
mid-1980s
7. Meet Multiple
Conditions
Quantity 52 146 10 21 1 8 55
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Num
ber
of F
reez
ers
and
Ref
rige
rato
rs
Next Steps - 1 Complete the full campus
refrigerator and freezer inventory.
Next Steps - 2 Complete a replacement cost analysis for the oldest units.
Next Steps - 3 Create a program to incentivize
replacement
Next Steps - 4 Establish program to routinely
measure and educate
on refrigerator & freezer energy use.
+
Next Steps - 5 Implement technological solutions to monitor power consumption and other future variables.
Next Steps - 6 Establish a maintenance and inventory re-audit program to ensure optimum performance.
A Joint Project Between
Questions?
