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Governance & management: What can and should the role of government, business and communities be in the place-keeping of open space? Lessons from MP4. Green Growth: New Shoots 10 th May 2012. Harry Smith Heriot-Watt University. Place-keeping: Place Process Product. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Governance & management:What can and should the role of
government, business and communities be in the place-keeping
of open space? Lessons from MP4
Green Growth: New Shoots10th May 2012
Harry SmithHeriot-Watt University
Place-keeping:
Place
Process
Product
Governance – What is it?
• Governance of open space is key to its quality and its contribution to society, but what is it? – the sphere of relations between government and other
actors in civil society or non-governmental sectors – including the private sector & community;
– the processes of interaction between these in defining their roles and relationships.
• Government does not work in isolation but through these types of relations.
• In MP4, focus on the local community.
What affects governance?
• Outcome of any open space place-making project and/or place-keeping activity is the result of the combination: – purpose of the project or activity; – setting (large park, small square, etc.); – people involved; – process to involve these.
• People and process are what governance is about.
Benefits of inclusive governance
• Traditionally a technocratic approach in PK, but benefits of community involvement include:– Local knowledge – Community understanding– Legitimacy and ‘buy-in’ – Improved relationship between policymakers and the
community– Community empowerment & social cohesion– Active citizenship &social justice– More appropriate services
Issues in inclusive governance
• But wider engagement also raises issues:
– Range of community members involved– Timescales & nature of public sector processes– Nature of PK of open space– Issues of power (in both inclusive and technocratic
approaches)
Several approaches in governance: MP4 pilots & model agreements
Pilot/model agreement
Sector/actor Government Business Community Intermediary
Sheffield Sheaf Valley, UK
Professional steering group
Urban Splash Friends of Park
Gothenburg, SE Coordinated administrative levels
Flemish Land Agency (VLM), BE
Regional agency Farmers / landowners
Farmers / landowners
Steilshoop NID, Hamburg, DE
Property owners Property owners
BIDs, Hamburg, DE Public authority approval
Property owners
Firth Park, Sheffield, UK
Local authority Friends of Park
Emmen Revisited, NL Municipality & other govt. bodies
Local businesses Local community representative bodies
Municipal facilitator organisation
GetMove, Hamburg, DE
Youth Association
Supporting NGO (Lawaetz Foundation)
Key findings from MP4 (1)
• Respect and dialogue local ownership & responsibility
• Public participation possibilities & limitations need to be clear from the start
• Engagement in projects depends on prospect of mutual benefits & trust in the lead organisation.
• Who may be engaged, how they may benefit and what they may contribute need to be considered.
• Scale & nature of the open space will affect the scope for community involvement in PK.
Key findings from MP4 (2)
• Tendency to think that PK is the responsibility of the public sector.
• Wider engagement in PK through formal or informal agreements.
• Community engagement in PM processes can help establish trust & working practices for continuing involvement in PK.
• Uncertainty within the public sector can be barrier to wider engagement in PK or can increase the length of the process.
Back to the question
• So, what can and should the role of government, business and communities be in the place-keeping of open space?– There are many possibilities, and opportunities should be created to
explore these and give them a chance to develop.– But there are also limitations, and expectations from the various
stakeholders should be realistic.– Depends on the context. Context is not everything, but it is a lot!
• An example: Barger-Compascuum and Emmen Revisited, The Netherlands.