GREEN DORMGREEN DORMEnergy TechnologiesEnergy Technologies

Group 6Bethany Corcoran

Andrew EhrichEric StoutenburgKimberly Walton

The Stanford Delivery Process:The Stanford Delivery Process:Where Are We?Where Are We?

• Feasibility Phase Completed

•Waiting for Board of Trustees Approval to begin Schematic Design

•Design options have been proposed, but no decisions have been determined

Current State NarrativeCurrent State Narrative

Future State NarrativeFuture State Narrative

Project Manager

- Comparable Student Cost- Innovative Leadership on Campus- Realistic New Technologies

Goal Model EvolutionGoal Model Evolution

2. Insert additional goals to form comprehensive list for energy technologies

1. Extract goals from existing list that relate to energy technologies

3. Organize goals to create balanced model

- Electricity Quality and Reliability

- Ease of Operation and Maintenance- Incorporates Ongoing Research

- Model for Sustainable Living

– Remove some goals– Add/Combine some goals:

Goal ModelGoal Model

OptionsOptions

• Biogas Digestor• Microturbine• Fuel Cell• Stirling Engine• Photovoltaic Cells• Electric Vehicles• Energy Efficiency: Smart Grid & Smart Building• Geothermal Heat Pump• Solar Water Heater• Greywater Heat Recovery• Radiant Slab Heating• Natural Gas

Biogas DigestorBiogas Digestor

• Reactor tank

• Produces methane gas from anaerobic digestion

• Odor issues?

• Ongoing research by Gil Masters and Craig Criddle

MicroturbineMicroturbine

• Combined Heat and Power (CHP)

• Save 40 - 50% of energy compared to conventional power plant

• Ongoing research by Gil Masters and Craig Criddle

75”

28”53”

Fuel CellFuel Cell

• Combined Heat and Power (CHP)

• Save 40 - 50% of energy compared to conventional power plant

• Ongoing research by Gil Masters and Craig Criddle

Stirling EngineStirling Engine

• Combined Heat and Power (CHP)

• Capture and use waste heat from small power plants located at the end use

• Save 40 - 50% of energy compared to conventional power plant

• Ongoing research by Gil Masters and Craig Criddle

Photovoltaic CellsPhotovoltaic Cells

• Use sunlight to generate electricity

• Renewable resource

• Low operation and maintenance involved

• Ongoing research by David Sheu

Electric VehiclesElectric Vehicles

• Store extra electricity in plug-in hybrid vehicle, use as emergency generator

• Electricity equivalent ≈ $1/gallon

• By charging during off-peak hours, 70% of light-vehicle miles could run on today’s electricity grid

• Ongoing research by Paul Kreiner

Energy Efficiency: Energy Efficiency: Smart Grid & Smart BuildingSmart Grid & Smart Building

• Monitor electricity rates

• Adjust building electricity usage dynamically

• Minimize electricity costs

Geothermal Heat PumpGeothermal Heat Pump

• Pumps heat to or from the ground into building

• Uses less electricity than typical furnace

• Can also be reversed for air conditioning

Solar Water HeaterSolar Water Heater

• Passive: Integral Collector Storage (ICS)

• Potentially no pump, no controller, no sensors, but depends heavily on climate and time-of-use

• Ongoing research by Jonas Ketterle

Greywater Heat RecoveryGreywater Heat Recovery

• Ongoin research by Paul Kreiner

• Take heat from used shower water and turn into energy

Radiant Slab HeatingRadiant Slab Heating

• Run tubing inside floor to move heat through building

• Heat rises up from floor to the air

• Feet always warm

• Currently used in some Stanford graduate student housing

““Plug and Play” Thermal-Energy SystemPlug and Play” Thermal-Energy System

Hot Water Tank

Natural GasWater Heater

DHW andSpace Heating

electricity

electricity

Biogas

NG

Stirling Engine

Ground-CoupledHeat Pump

SolarWaterHeater

Fuel Cell

electricity

NG

Option PackagesOption Packages

Combined Heat and Power

Biogas Digester

Microturbine

Fuel Cell

Stirling Engine

Natural Gas

Radiant Slab Heating

Solar-Electric

Photovoltaic Cells

Electric Vehicles

Energy Efficiency: Smart Grid & Smart Building

Geothermal Heat Pump

Solar Hot Water Heater

Greywater Heat Recovery

Radiant Slab Heating

Improved Baseline Green

Photovoltaic Cells

Energy Efficiency: Smart Grid & Smart Building

Geothermal Heat Pump

Solar Hot Water Heater

Radiant Slab Heating

Gil's Choice (Everything)

Biogas Digester

Microturbine

Fuel Cell

Stirling Engine

Photovoltaic Cells

Electric Vehicles

Energy Efficiency: Smart Grid & Smart Building

Geothermal Heat Pump

Solar Hot Water Heater

Greywater Heat Recovery

Radiant Slab Heating

Natural Gas

Unweighted Preferences with Respect to Goals

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Ease of Operation and MaintenaceConscientious of Neighhboring Houses

Electricity Quality and Reliability

Thermal Comfort

Model for Sustainable Living

Proving Ground for Building Technologies

Monitor Real-Time Energy Use and Performance

Incorporates Ongoing Research

Low/No Carbon per kWhReduced Energy Use

Minimize First CostMinimize Lifecyle Cost

Parking and Transportation

Cleaning Services

Information Technology

Neighbors

County Codes and Permits

Fire Marshall & Police

Facilities/Grounds Manager

Utilities

Dining Services

Maintenance

Occupational Health and Safety

Alumni

Housing

Visitors

Individual Donors

Corporations

Taylor Engineering

Researchers

Faculty

Students (Residents)

University Officials

Analysis of Option Packages with Respect to Goals

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

Ease of Operation and Maintenace

Conscientious of Neighhboring Houses

Electric ity Quality and Reliability

Thermal Comfort

Model for Sustainable Living

Proving Ground for Building Technologies

Monitor Real-Time Energy Use and Performance

Incorporates Ongoing Stanford Research

Low/ No Carbon per kWh

Reduced Energy Use

Minimize First Cost

Minimize Lifecyle Cost

Combined Heat and Power Solar-Electric Improved Baseline Green Gil's Choice (Everything)

Value of Option Packages with Respect to 2nd Level Goals

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Combined Heat and Power Solar-Electric

Improved Baseline Green Gil's Choice (Everything)

Most Desirable Housing

Living Laboratory for Research

Measurable Environmental

Performance

Economically Sustainable

Value of Option Packages with Respect to Goals

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

Combined Heat and Power Solar-Electric Improved Baseline Green Gil's Choice (Everything)

Ease of Operation and

Maintenance

Conscientious of Neighboring

Houses

Electricity Quality and

Reliability Thermal Comfort

Model for Sustainable Living

Proving Ground for Building Technology

Monitor Real-Time Energy Use and

Performance

Incorporates Ongoing Stanford

Research

Low/No Carbon per kWhReduced Energy Use

Minimize First Cost

Minimize Lifecycle Cost

Total Value

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Combined Heat and Power

Solar-Electric Improved Baseline Green

Gil's Choice (Everything)