Green Control and instrumentation

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Industrial Training at NTPC Head Office Lodhi roadProject On

Green Control And InstrumentationSubmitted By:-

MeenuDiksha Sehgal

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BHARATI VIDYAPEETHS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,NEW DELHI


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Green control and instrumentation refers to designing andcontrolling green electronics and machines.

One such example is designing green machine and productthat have minimum environmental effects throughout theirlifecycle.

Such type of machine will have follwing characteristics:-

Consumes less power(in operation and standby modes)

Fully recyalable and no hazardeous waste.

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This analysis compares human demand on nature with theenvironments ability to regenerate resources and provideservices.

It is a useful tool to educate people about carrying capacity,over consumption and also the inequalities of resource use

on this planet.

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The gases in the atmosphere which trap the radiationsradiated from the earths surface and prevent them fromescaping the atmosphere are known as Greenhouse Gases(GHG)

These gases act as a blanket to the earth and and keep the

earth warm Without these gases the temperature of the earthwould be below 0oC and there would be no life on the earth.

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Adverse effect of GHG on environment As the amount of carbon content is increasing ,GHG

are now becoming a threat to environment.

This is because now carbon dioxide absorbed is notequal to carbon dioxide released in environment.

Consequencies: Ozone layer depletion Change in seasons

Melting of graciers Increase in temperature

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MELTING OF GLACIERS INCREASING SEA LEVEL

END RESULT EFFECTS ON HUMAN

IMPACT OF EXCESS GHGs

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It is the total set of greenhouse gase emissions caused by anevent,organization,product.

Greenhouse gases can be emitted through transport,landclearance,production and consumption offood,materials,road, buildings.

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carbon emission of a country depends upontwo factors:-

Population growth

Economic growth

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Until 200 years ago our atmosphere contained 275 parts per

millon of carbon dioxide. this amount was useful to keepearth warm for habitation.

Our planet has now reached 390 parts per millon.

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As per population concern, more number of people meansmore consumption and more consumption of resourcesmeans more carbon emission. An individual plays animportant role in adding or removing the concentration ofcarbon dioxide from atmosphere.

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As the GHGs are shifting from friend to foe .Sogovt of different countries took necessaryactions and created certain organizations.

Intergovernmental panel on climate change(IPCC) A special international committee formed to takecare of increase in levels of GHGs.

United nations framework convention on climatechange(UNFCCC) The IPCCs report forced the government to

form a standardized treaty which influenceseach and every country to participate inreduction of GHG emissions voluntary.

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INTRODUCTION Low emissions coal technologies refer to technologies that

are designed to increase the energy efficiency and improvethe environmental performance of burning coal to produceelectricity.

These technologies aim to significantly reduce greenhousegas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), and theirassociated environmental impacts, as well as reduce wastefrom the process in coal extraction, preparation andutilization.

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CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGETECHNOLOGY Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage uses low emission coal

technologies to efficiently burn coal and reduce the output

of CO2 emissions, but then also separates out the CO2 andcaptures it before it is vented into the atmosphere.

It is then transported to a suitable storage site and pumpedinto deep underground rock to be securely and. permanentlystored away from the atmosphere

To capture the CO2 it must be first be separated from othergases that result from combustion or processing.

Three major options are available for the capture of carbondioxide.

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Post-combustion capture Post-combustion CO2 capture for power plants takes place after

combustion of air and fuel to generate electricity, andimmediately before the resulting exhaust gas enters the stack.

Pre-combustion capture This process removes the CO2 from any industrial sources prior

to combustion of fuel like coal, oil or gas to produce energy. In

the pre-combustion process, fuel is first converted into synthesisgas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide (CO).

Oxy-fuel combustion capture During combustion CO2 capture involves combustion

of the coal with oxygen (nearly pure oxygen >95%)instead of air. A flue gas is produced consisting mainlyof highly concentrated CO2 and water vapour. Thesetwo components of flue gas are easily separatedthrough a cooling process.

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Capture Of Carbon dioxide


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What is green electronics ??1. Electronic products and components that have

minimum environmental effects throughouttheir lifecycle .

2. No environmentally harmful materials used .3. Eco-efficient manufacturing process used .

4. Consume less power (in operationand stand-bymodes ).

5. Fully recyclable, no hazardous waste produce .

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Electronics products that consume less energy LED lightning, low-power electronics.

Portable devices.

Non-toxic, eco-efficient products and manufacturingprocesses Printed (disposable) sensors, recyclability.

Environmentally friendly electronics solutions Water taps with optical sensors, sensor technologies for

monitoring industrial processes.

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FEW EXAMPLESEARLIER ELECTRONICS GREEN ELECTRONICS

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EARLIER ELECTRONICS GREEN ELECTRONICS

CRT monitors and desktopcomputers were used whichconsumes lot of electricityand energy usage.

90%of electronic goods andproducts are made of lead.Lead causes damage to thecentral and peripheralnervous systems, kidneys.

These are hazardous andenvironmentally harmfulmaterials

Manufacture electroniccomponents ,computersand associated subsystemswith minimal impact on

environment . It produces electronic

products that consumesless energy such as LEDlightning.

It produces non-toxic,eco-efficient products andmanufacturing processes.

The cost is low ,electroniccomponents are flexibleand user friendly.

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What is green power???? Green power is defined as the electric energy produced by

renewable, more environmentally friendly sources.

How green power is generated? Green power is generated with the help of renewable resources

such as:-

1.Wind generation, using the energy from the wind to turn bladesof wind turbines to produce electricity.2.Hydro generation, using power that is derived from the forceor energy of moving water to produce electricity .

3.Solar generation, using solar cells (photovoltaic cells) toconvert the sun's rays into electricity.

4.Biomass and biogas, this involves using organic sources suchas plant material or methane gas from rubbish tips ,poultry litter, to generate electricity.

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A control and instrumentation engineer (C&I engineer) isresponsible for designing, developing, installing, managingand/or maintaining green equipment which is used tomonitor and control engineering systems, machinery andprocesses.

C&I engineers ensure that green systems and processesoperate effectively, efficiently and safely. They usually workfor the companies who manufacture and supply theequipment or for the companies who use it, such as nuclearand renewable energy companies and environmental

agencies.

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Tasks and responsibilities to C&I Engineers:- designing and developing new control systems.

testing, maintaining and modifying existing system.

analysing data and presenting findings in written reports.

managing operations;

working collaboratively with design engineers, operationengineers, purchasers and other internal staff;

liaising with clients, suppliers, contractors and relevantauthorities (e.g. the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority);

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Thank you

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Green Control and instrumentation