GREEN CHEMISTRY

TWELVE PRINCIPALS OF GREEN CHEMISTRY 1. PREVENTION

2. ATOM ECONOMY3. LESS HAZARDOUS4. DESINING SAFER CHEMICALS5. SAFER SOLVENT AND AUXILIARIES6. DESING FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY7. USE OF RENAWABLE FEEDSTOCKS 8. REDUCE DEGRADATIO9. CATALYSIS10.DESING FOR DEGRADATION11.RT ANALYSIS FOR POLLUTION PREVENTION12.INHERENTLY SAFER CHEMISTRY FOR

ACCIDENT PREVENTION

1. PRINCIPAL

PREVENTION

Pollution prevention act of 1990 focus on reducing or eliminating waste at the source by modifying production process, promoting the uses of non toxic or less toxic substances , implimanting conservation techniques and reusing material rather than putting them into the waste system

HARPINS :- Harpin’s are naturally occuring protein and are non toxic . Harpin’s proteins trigger a plants natural defense systems to protect against disease and pests and simultaneously activate certain plant growth systems without altering the plants DNA

Atom economy is an important concept of green chemisty

philosophy. Atom economy can be written as.

% ATOM ECONOMY =

MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF DESIRED PRODOCT

_____________________________________________

X 100

MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF ALL REACTANTS

2nd

Principal

ATOM ECONOMY

A measure of the efficincy of a reaction. Atom economy, in contrast to percent yield, take into chemist with a means to quantify how many atoms are turned into useful product vs. those atom turns into waste.

HOW THE ATOM ECONOMY IS RELATED TO GREEN CHEMISTRY?

It is fundamental in chemical reaction of the form A+B _____ C+D That two products are necessarily generated though product C may have been the desired one. That being the case , D is considered a byproduct. As a significant goal of chemistry to maximize the efficiency.

Creating reaction utilizing atom economy

3rd principal

Designing safer solvent1. List of substances to avoid, often called

a BLACK LISTS This included. Methelene chloride Trichloroethylene Lead Organo-tin compound Chlorinated paraffins Phthalates Nonylphenolethoxylate Brominated flame retardant

• 1st METHYLENE CHLORIDE: COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHOLOROFORM LIKE ODOUR

APPLICATION ; It have many industrial application

1. Paint striping.

2ND Pharmaceutical manufacturing.

3RD Paint remover manufacturing.

4th application metal cleaning and degreasing

METHEYLENE CHLORIDE

EFFECT ON HUMAN

temporary cornear damage

Caused server burns and

swelling in the throat of a man

Crosses the placental barrier Memory loss

speech problem and balance

problem

Potential for methylene

chloride to build up accumulate

in body

Well absorb through the lungs,intestine and skin

It is converted to co and co2 in the body

Trichloroethylele;

Harmful effect on human

Abdominal pain and signs and

symptoms central nervous system depression,

Reddening of the skin, irritation

Caused smarting pain and injury to the surface tissue of the

eye.

LEAD;

Harmful effect on human

Loss of appetite,n

ausea,

Difficult in sleeping,

moodiness,

Anemia and decreased

sexual drive.

Damage to the blood forming,

nervous, urinary, and reproductive

system

4th principal renewable feedstocks

Feedstocks that are suitable for the process include plant- derived as soybean, rapeseed and palm. However in the future non-edible oils such as Jatropha and Alga oils will become increasingly important sources of Ecofining feedstock

SOLVENT Green solventTypes of green solvent

Ungreen solvent

Types of ungreen solvent

Water Ionic liquids Supercritical

co2 Bio etahnol

Toluene Acetone VOCs benzene

1st green solvent Water Water can be used as solvent for grignard and

other formerly water incompatible reaction for some reaction there is no need for the reagent to be soluble in water

Primary disadvantages; large amount of energy of time that often must be expended in order to sufficiently separate the product from the water before the product can be used and the water discarded.

Supercritical water it differ from the liquid water in being able to readily dissolve both organic compounds and gases.

.

SUPERCRITICAL WATER

Primary disadvantages ;-

very high temperature

A. They are highly polar. Few are volatile such as dimethylammonium dimethylcarbamate. Some are less polar such as tetralkylphophonium ionic liquid mad by cytec canada.

IONIC LIQUIDS

Bio ethanol Ethanol facts: Environment Ethanol is an renewable fuel

produced from plant, unlike petroleum-based fossil fuels that have a limited supply and are the major contributor of carbon dioxide9 (co2) emissions,a greenhouse gas (GHG)

Facts of ethanol1st fact :- ethanol reduced smog

pollution.

2nd fact :- ethanol has a positive energy balance.

3rd fact :- water usage in ethanol production is declining 4th fact :- ethanol is rapidly biodograded in surface water ground water and soil.

Supercritical co2

Supercritical carbon dioxide refers to carbon dioxide that is in the fluid state while also being at or above both its critical temprature or pressure ,supercritical co2 is forced through the green coffee bean and they are sprayed with water at high pressure to caffeine.

Uses of supercritical co2 Used as a more environmentally friendly

solvent for dry cleaning.

Used as more than 30 years to enhance oil recovery in mature oil field.

Ungreen solvent VOC’S Volatile organic compounds are

compound that have a high vapour pressure and water stability

VOC’s

Sources :- many VOCs are human made

chemicals that have been used and produced in the manufacture of paints, pharmaceuticals and refrigerants. They are often components of petroleum fuels, hydraulic fluids, paint thinner and dry cleaning agents.

Where do they come from ? paints and lacquers, paint strippers,

cleaning supplies, carbon less copy papera etc.

Harmful effect

on Human health

irritation

Nose and throat

discomfort

nausea

Environmental effect Volatile organic compound play a large role as that

react in the air with nitrogen oxides and sunlight to form ozone . Because of this the EPA (environmental protection agency) has determined that controlling volatile organic compound is an effective method for minimizing ozone levels.