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Greek Philosophy I. Classical Age in Greece, 490- 323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

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Page 1: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

Greek Philosophy

I. Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCEII. Classical Greek ValuesIII. Greek Philosophy

IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

Page 2: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

Argument

The emphasis on humanism & rationalism in Classical Greek philosophy reflects the value classical Greeks gave to individual glory and competition. Even though it was balanced by identity as citizens in a polis, that value on glory and competition destroyed classical Greek society.

Page 3: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

Axial (Spiritual Age) 6th-4th century BCE

Influential Thinkers• Buddha• Mahavira• Confucius• Laozi ?• Socrates• Aristotle• Plato & other Greeks

New Religions/Philosophical Systems

• Buddhism• Confucianism• Daoism• Greek Philosophy

Page 4: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

I. Classical Greece, 490-323 BCE

A. Origins1. On periphery of

Mesopotamian/ Egyptian civilizations

Page 5: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

2. Cultural Development

Ca. 1200 BCE: Trojan War

800 BCE: Homer writes Iliad & Odyssey

Page 6: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

3. Government: Polis (city-state)

AthensSpartaCorinthEphesus

Page 7: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

4. Dependence on Sea, Trade & Colonies

Page 8: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

Mediterranean Network, 1000-300 BCEPurple: GreeksBlue-Green: Phoenicians

Page 9: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

B. War with Persia, 490-480 BCE

Page 10: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

Hoplite Phalanxes

Page 11: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

C. Athens in the Classical Age

DemocracyTradePhilosophyArchitecture

Page 12: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

Democracy

Limitations:MaleFreeCitizen

Public Life

Periclesdemogogue

Page 13: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

Slavery

Page 14: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

D. Sparta in the Classical Age

military identityhelots

Page 15: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

D. Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE): Athens vs. Sparta

Page 16: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

II. Classical Greek Values: A. Competition & Individual glory

Page 17: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

B. Identity: Citizenship in the polis

Citizen-soldiers

hoplites

Page 18: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

C. Dissatisfaction with Religion

Olympian godsZeusanthropomorphic

Page 19: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

D. Male Superiority & Separate Socializing

Patriarchy

Seclusion of elite women

Page 20: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

Symposium

Page 21: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

III. Classical Greek Philosophy

A. RationalismReasonDivision of mind &

emotions

Page 22: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

B. Humanism

Human wisdom, beauty, skill

SciencePoetryMusicSportsDrama

Page 23: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

C. Education

competitionreadingwritingathleticsself-control

Page 24: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

D. Debate & Public Life

Agora (marketplace)AnalysisPolitics (from Polis =

city-state)

Page 25: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

E. Study of Nature & Human world

SciencesMathMedicinePoetrySculptureTheater: tragedy &

comedy

Page 26: Greek Philosophy I.Classical Age in Greece, 490-323 BCE II.Classical Greek Values III.Greek Philosophy IDs: polis, Pericles, hoplite phalanx, rationalism

Argument

The emphasis on humanism & rationalism in Classical Greek philosophy reflects the value classical Greeks gave to individual glory and competition. Even though it was balanced by identity as citizens in a polis, that value on glory and competition destroyed classical Greek society.


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