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BELIEFS: Belief in many gods
IDEAS: Democracy, individualism, reason, knowledge, philosophy
PAINTING: Black-figure pottery decoration
SCULPTURE: Male nudes / realistic human forms
ARCHITECTURE: Columns, pediment, frieze, etc.
Greek Art
Roman ArtBELIEFS: Many gods (same ones as the Greeks but known by Roman names)
IDEAS: efficiency, organization, practicality
PAINTINGS: Frescos & Mosaics
SCULPTURE: copied Greek sculptures & political themes
ARCHITECTURE: arches, domes, maintained and elaborated on Greek architectural orders
Medieval (Christian) ArtBELIEFS: Christianity
IDEAS: Emphasis in beliefs (and art) was focused on Christian salvation
PAINTINGS: Focused on teaching Christian doctrine / Bible stories. Types: Frescos (Early Christian), Mosaics
(Byzantine), Icons (Byzantine), Stained Glass (Gothic)
SCULPTURE: Romanesque – more twisted, exaggerated figures, Gothic – moving towards realism
ARCHITECTURE: increasingly complex and beautiful church designs meant to bring ordinary people a feeling
of being closer to God (Basilica – Greek Cross Plan – Latin Cross Plan). New Features: barrel vault, cross vault,
ribbed vault, pendentive, flying buttress, pointed arch.
Medieval (Islamic) ArtBELIEFS: Islam
IDEAS: Islamic art often features decoration based on geometric or floral designs (images of people and
animals were generally forbidden – only God can create these)
PAINTINGS: Mosaics (geometric designs), ceramic tiles / pottery (floral / geometric designs)
ARCHITECTURE: Designs for mosques and other buildings – shows use of the pointed arch, also
borrowing from Greek & Roman architecture (e.g. domes, columns, etc.)
Renaissance ArtBELIEFS: Christianity
IDEAS: Revival of Greek & Roman ideas in a Christian context & Humanism – “man is the measure of all
things” because humans are God’s greatest creation / Art is created to look like real life
PAINTINGS: Religious & secular themes – use of linear perspective. Types: Frescos, Tempera on canvas,
Oil paints on canvas or wood panel (oils invented at this time)
SCULPTURE: Nudity and contrapposto return to sculpture (based on Greek examples)
ARCHITECTURE: Features based Greek & Roman architecture, symmetry, & geometric shapes
Baroque ArtBELIEFS: Christianity
IDEAS: Art used to feel emotionally involved Catholicism / Art shows: TIME, LIGHT & SPACE
PAINTING: Highly realistic – based on real people, use of chiaroscuro (extreme light & dark), dramatic
poses, captures a moment in time
SCULPTURE: Contrapposto continued, complex carving of details & textures, dramatic poses
ARCHITECTURE: continued use of Greek & Roman elements as well as convex and concave forms, very
elaborate and decorative.