Greek Civilization Chapter 4

pages 116-149Content Standard 2: Greek Civilization and its impact on later civilizations. Legacy of law, engineering and technology, art and architecture as well as literature and history. The empire also played an instrumental role in the spread of Christianity.

Geography and its impact on early Greeks

Notebook Key Words – define, use in a sentence, and draw a picture.

• peninsula• colony• polis• agoraCause and Effect How did geography discourage

Greeks unity?

Greece country in Mediterranean Europe, site

of great ancient civilization* peninsula- a body of land with water

on 3 sides

Ancient Greeks felt deep ties to the land but were divided by mountains and seas.

This made for many independent states.

Content Standard 12- Maps and other geographic representations can be used to trace the development of human settlement from past to present.

Minoans • Early Greeks that lived on the island of

Crete.

• Minoans made their wealth from trade with Egypt and Syria.(ships and pottery)

Mycenaean Early Greeks from the mainland of

GreeceLearned much from the Minoan’s culture.

Government officials kept track of every person’s wealth. Traded like Minoans but with Italy and Egypt.

Compare and Contrast between Minoans and Mycenaean

Same Minoans Mycenaean

COMPARE /CONTRASTSame Minoans Mycenaean

Both civilizations in GreeceOutstanding sailors/tradersRaised crops (grapes and olives)Both eventually conquered (by outsiders)

Mostly peaceful Life centered around citiesEvidence of recreation and entertainmentDisplayed bold colors and patterns in their art and clothingFrom Crete (Knossos was most important city)

Conquerors, war-focused cultureLife focused less on cities, more on countryside (cultivating grain, grazing animals)no evidence of recreation and entertainmentdisplayed little evidence of art outside of military focusfrom Peloponnese peninsula (Mycenae)First greek Kingdom

Greek Dark Ages (circa 1100 BCE- 750 BCE)

• Read 120-123

• What changes occurred during Greece’s Dark Age?

Dark Ages

• Years between 1100B.C. and 750B.C.• People only grew enough food for their family.• Written language forgotten• Thousands of Greeks left mainland, expanded

greek cultures to other islands.• Iron tools and weapons made it possible for

more food surplus.• Greek alphabet invented with 24 letters.

Greek Alphabet

• http://greece.mrdonn.org/powerpoints-alphabet.html

Move to Colonize

• As Greece recovered from Dark Ages, population grew.

• Trade became important began exchanging goods for money.

• Growth of trade led to the growth of industry.• People began specializing in certain trades like

pottery.

City-State

• Town or city surrounded by countryside.• Each greek city-state (POLIS) a tiny

independent country.• Varied in size and population.• Run by its citizens (members of political

community) • Equal rights and responsibility

Acropolis

The high rocky hill atop Athens, fortified (gated/walled/safe protected from attacks)

Agora Public market and meeting place to

debate issues in ancient Greece (ancient Easton)

Ruins of ancient agora in Thessaloniki, Greece

Parthenon

A temple built to honor the goddess Athena

Interactive Notebook

• Write a complete paragraph full of evidence from the textbook.

Summarize citizenship as a Greek.

Section 2 Sparta and Athens

Page 124-130What’s the difference?

Notes

• tyrant• oligarchy• democracy• helot

• Cause and Effect Why did the Spartans stress military training?

Tyrant

Ruler who takes power by force

Tyranny

Form of government in which a ruler, who has taken power by force, has absolute power

Tyranny in the City-States

• Growing unhappiness lead to tyrants• Tyrants-someone who takes power by force

and rules total authority• Overthrew many nobles but were popular for

building new market places, temples, and walls

Oligarchy A form of government which is run by a few persons

Democracyform of government in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives

Sparta vs. Athens

• Make a poster:

• Description of your given group– Way of Life– Military– Government– Use symbols that help define your group

Sparta

Ancient city-state in Greece; citizens known for being great warriors

Spartans

• Conquered and enslaved their neighbors• Government was oligarchy• 2kings headed a council of elders • Stayed in army or council from age of 30 until 60• Discouraged foreign visitors• Also banned travel abroad• Strong in army, controlled helots for 250 years• Girls were taught sports, freer and could own

land.

Athens

The capital and largest city in Greece, birthplace of democracy

Athenians• Schools taught reading, writing, arithmetic, sports

and music• Girls stayed home (household duties)• Nobles owned land, farmers owed money to nobles

sold themselves as slavery to pay debt• Solon cancelled farmers debt. Let all males

participate in assembly to write and pass the laws.• Peisistratus seized power and divided large estates

among farmers• Cleisthenes reorganized the assembly to play central

role in governing--- credited with democracy

Solon• Noble• Canceled all of the

farmers debt• Freed slaves• Allowed all male

citizens to participate in the assembly.

Section 2 Review

• 1. Why did Athenians choose officials by lottery? Would their be drawbacks to this method? Explain…

• 2.Why was Solon popular among some Athenian farmers and unpopular among others?

Persia Attacks Greeks

Pages 132-137

Notes

• Notebook key terms• satrapies• satrap• Zoroastrianism

Meeting PeoplePeople you should know Accomplishments

Cyrus

Darius

Xerxes

Themistocles

Persia

• Largest empire in the world in the 5th century

Persian Empire

• Persia is known today as Southwestern Iran• Cyrus united Persians to unite into a powerful

kingdom • Built miles of roads to connect their holdings• Professional army paid to fight

Darius

• King of the Persian empire at the start of the Persian War. He led Persians in the Ionian Revolt and Battle of Marathon.

Persian Wars

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_jVCzTfIqY&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Section 4

Reading 138-146

Interactive Notebook

• direct democracy• representative democracy• philosopher

Comparing GovernmentsAthenian Democracy American Democracy

Type

Right to vote

Laws

Citizen Involvement

direct representative

Age of Pericles

• Athenian Empire• Democracy in Athens• Direct vs. representative

Direct DemocracyA form of democracy in which the political power is exercised by the

citizens

Representative democracyCitizens choose a small group of people to represent their interests

Achievements of Pericles

• Guided Athens for 30 years• Delian League (loyalty- and steady payments)• Allowed for poor citizens to enter govt.• Culture blossomed• Rebuilding of temples and statues

Life in Athensgovernment economy culture wars

Life in Athensgovernment economy culture wars

democracy FarmingTrading center Sold pottery, jewelry, leather goods, crops and products

Great creativityRebuilding programArtists ArchitectsWritersPhilosophers

Peloponnesian War(Athens defeated)

Interactive NotebookSparta or Athens?

• Write a well developed paragraph describing why you rather be a Spartan or Athenian. Use evidence from the chapter that would back your answer.