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Greater mitigating effect on ghrelin
(hunger inducing and metabolic regulating
hormone)
(Crum, Corbin, Brownell & Salovey, 2013, Health Psychology)
Placebo
Placebo
Effect
Drug
Effect
Treatment
%
Imp
rove
me
nt
Crum, Leibowitz & Verghese, 2017, BMJ
Placebo
Placebo
Effect
Treatment
%
Imp
rove
me
nt
Crum, Leibowitz & Verghese, 2017, BMJ
Drug
Effect
Treatment Placebo
Placebo
Effect
Treatment
Effect
%
Imp
rove
me
nt
Crum, Leibowitz & Verghese, 2017, BMJ
Wheal
Placebo cream
This is an antihistamine cream.
It will make your rash and irritation
better.
This is a histamine agonist.
It will make your rash and irritation
worse.
Placebo cream
4
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
5
5.2
5.4
Negative Expectation Positive Expectation
Size
of
alle
rgic
rea
ctio
n (
mm
)
Cream will make rash better.Cream will make rash worse.
(Howe, Goyer, & Crum, 2017, Health Psych)
High Warmth
High Competence
Low Warmth
Low Competence
Oops…
4
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
5
5.2
5.4
Negative Expectation Positive Expectation
Size
of
alle
rgic
rea
ctio
n (
mm
)
Cream will make rash better.Cream will make rash worse.
High Warmth
High Competence
(Howe, Goyer, & Crum, 2017, Health Psych)
Size
of
alle
rgic
re
acti
on
(m
m)
4
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
5
5.2
5.4
Negative Expectation Positive Expectation
`
Cream will make rash better.Cream will make rash worse.
Low Warmth
Low Competence
Oops…
(Howe, Goyer, & Crum, 2017, Health Psych)
Placebo
Effect
Drug
Effect%
Imp
rove
me
nt
Treatment
Effect
Body’s Natural
Abilities
MindsetMindset
%
Imp
rove
me
nt
Treatment
EffectPlacebo
Effect
Drug
Effect
Crum, Leibowitz & Verghese, 2017, BMJ
Body’s Natural
Abilities
MindsetMindsetMindset
%
Imp
rove
me
nt
Treatment
EffectPlacebo
Effect
Drug
Effect
Crum, Leibowitz & Verghese, 2017, BMJ
Mindset
Body’s Natural
Abilities
Mindset
Social Context
Treatment
Effect
%
Imp
rove
me
nt
Placebo
Effect
Drug
Effect
Crum, Leibowitz & Verghese, 2017, BMJ
Treatment
Effect
Social Context
Body’s Natural
Abilities
Mindset
Drug Effect
%
Imp
rove
me
nt
Crum, Leibowitz & Verghese, 2017, BMJ