Great Plains Manifest Destiny

Laissez-Faire Free Enterprise System

Deficit Monopoly

Tenement Political Machine

Civil Service Sweatshop

Immigrant White Man’s Burden

Isolationism Imperialism

Dollar Diplomacy Foreign Policy

Yellow Journalism Muckraker

Initiative Referendum

Recall Conservation

Draft Fourteen Points

League of Nations Ratify

Inflation Overproduction

Under consumption Recession

Speculation Buying on Margin

Deflation Neutrality

Appeasement Fascism

Genocide Rationing

TotalitarianismHouse Un-American Activities Committee

United Nations Iron Curtain

Containment 38th Parallel

Communism Red Scare

Blacklist Brinkmanship

Peace Corp Domino Theory

Hawk Dove

Vietcong Counterculture

NASA Medicare

Segregation Integration

Civil Disobedience Reverse Discrimination

Affirmative Action Realpolitik

Religious Right Reagonomics

Sunbelt Supply Side Economics

1869

First Transcontinental Railroad

1892

Ellis Island

American Federation of Labor Great Plains

Wounded Knee Niagara Movement

Panama Canal USS Maine

Great Migration Scopes Monkey Trial

Harlem Renaissance Prohibition

Dust Bowl New Deal Programs

Black Cabinet Pearl Harbor

Island-Hopping D-Day

Operation Overlord Holocaust

Manhattan Project Little Boy and Fat Boy

Election of 1848 Cold War

Berlin Airlift U-2 Incident

Bay of Pigs McCarthyism

Dien Bien Phu1961

Berlin Wall

1962

Cuban Missile Crisis

1963

March on Washington

Great Society Tet Offensive

Pentagon Papers Vietnamization

Kent State National Organization for Women

1979

Iran Hostage Situation

1991

Desert Storm

Rutherford B. Hayes

(1877-81)

Compromise of 1877

Ended Reconstruction

James A. Garfield

(1881)

Assassinated

Chester A. Arthur

(1881-1885)

Established Time Zones

Civil Service Act

Grover Cleveland

(1885-1889)

Dawes Act

Benjamin Harrison

(1889-93)

Sherman Antitrust Act

Grover Cleveland

(1893-1897)

Plessy v. Ferguson

William McKinley

(1897-1901)

Spanish American War

Assassinated

Theodore Roosevelt

(1901-1909)

Panama Canal

Gunboat/”Big Stick” Diplomacy

William H. Taft

(1909-1913)

Dollar Diplomacy

Woodrow Wilson

(1913-1921)

Moral Diplomacy

World War I

Fourteen Points

Warren G. Harding

(1921-1923)

Washington Conference

Tea Pot Dome Scandal

Calvin Coolidge

(1923-1929)

High Tariffs

Laissez-faire

Herbert Hoover

(1929-1933)

Stock Market Crash

Blamed for Great Depression

Franklin D. Roosevelt

(1933-1945)

New Deal, Fireside Chats

WWII, Packed Supreme Court

Ended Great Depression

Harry S. Truman

(1945-1953)

End of World War II

Dropping of First Atomic Bomb

Dwight D. Eisenhower

(1953-1960)

Korean War, Space Age

Interstate Highway Act

Bus Boycott, Central High

John F. Kennedy

(1960-1963)

New Frontier, Bay of Pigs

Berlin Wall, Cuban Missile Crisis

Assassinated

Lyndon B. Johnson

(1963-1969)

Escalated Vietnam War

Great Society, Civil Rights Acts

Voting Rights Acts

Richard Nixon

(1969-1974)

Ended Vietnam War, SALT I

Opened Communist China

Watergate Scandal, Resigned

Gerald Ford

(1974-1977)

Pardoned Nixon, Stagflation

Bicentennial Celebration

Jimmy Carter

(1977-1981)

Camp David Accords

Iran Hostage Crisis

Ronald Reagan

(1981-1989)

Iran Contra Affair, Conservatism

Deregulation, Supply-Side

George Bush

(1989-1992)

Gulf War (Desert Storm)

William Clinton

(1992-2000)

Balanced Budget

Crisis Management

Impeached

George W. Bush

(2001- )

September 11, 2001

Terrorism

1872

Credit Mobilier

1924

Teapot Dome Scandal

1972-74

Watergate

1986

Iran-Contra Affair

1862

Homestead Act

Explosion of settlement

1887

Interstate Commerce Act

Reasonable and Just Rates for Railroad

1883

Civil Service Reform Act

Established Examinations for Service

1887

Dawes Act

Broke up Native American Reservations

1890

Sherman Antitrust Act

Attempted to breakup monopolies

1906

Pure Food and Drug Act

1st steps toward banning badly prepared foods and drugs

1914

Clayton Antitrust Act

Spelled out in clear terms what corporations could and could not do; Strengthened previous law

1916

Keating-Owen Child Labor Act

Prevented goods produced by children from crossing state lines

1917

Selective Service Act

Required men between 21 and 30 to sign up for military service

1916

National Parks Service Act

Created parks and park management

WWI

Sedition Act

Prohibited speech disloyal to the government, flag, Constitution, or

armed forces

WWI

Espionage Act

Punished anyone found guilty of helping the enemy

1921

Johnson-Reed Act

Tightened immigration especially from NW Europe

1934

Indian Re-organization Act

Halted Reservations; Returned government to tribes

1933

Glass-Steagall Banking Act

Created Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

1935

Social Security Act

Protected old age pensions, unemployed, disabled workers

1935

National Labor Relations Act

Wagner Act – reaffirmed the right of labor to organize

1941

Lend-lease Act

Allowed President to lend, sell or lease war materials

1944

GI Bill of Rights

Bought books, paid tuition, and provided living expenses for

veterans

1947

Taft Hartley Act

Outlawed closed shops, allow union shops, weakened power

of labor unions

1964

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Illegal for employers to deny a job on the basis of race, sex or

religion

1965

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Outlawed literacy tests and other discriminatory election devices

1968

Civil Rights Act of 1968

Prohibited discrimination in housing

1970

Environmental Protection Agency

Enforced laws on water & air pollution, toxic wastes, pesticides and radiation

1972

Equal Rights Amendment

Aimed to strengthen women as wage earners and property owners (failed by 3 votes)

1973

War Powers Act

Requires President to inform Congress within 2 days of any

use of American troops

1978

National Energy Act

Relaxation of controls of price of natural gas; benefited people

saving energy

1985

Gramm Rudman Holliings Act

Provided for automatic reductions in the deficit over a

several year period

1877

Reconstruction Ends

Compromise of 1877

1890

Indian Wars End

Battle of Wounded Knee

1898

Spanish American War

USS Maine

Declared war on Spain

1914-1918

World War I

Allied Powers v. Central Powers

Allied Power Won

1919

Versailles Treaty

Ended WWI, broke up large empires; charged Germany war

reparations

1900-1918

Progressive Era

Strived to reform society, politics, and the economy; concentrated in urban

industrial areas

1919-1920

Red Scare

Fear that the rise of the Bolsheviks in the Soviet Union threatened the U. S.;

immigrants deported

1919-1933

Prohibition

Outlawed alcoholic beverages at the national level, crime increased

1929-1939

The Great Depression

Stock Market Crash of 1929

Over-production, buying on margin and high tariffs

1939-1945

World War II

Allied Powers v. Axis Powers

Deadliest war in history

1941

Attack on Pearl Harbor

Surprise attack by Japanese; caused U.S. to enter WWII

1951-1953

Korean War

Police Action

Communist N. Korea vs. S. Korea; Macarthur led forces

1957

Sputnik

First space satellite, Soviet;

Started the space race

1964

Civil Right Act

First significant legislation guarding civil rights since

Reconstruction ended

1969

Man on the Moon

American astronauts landed on the moon

1973

End of War in Vietnam

Longest military engagement and first defeat of United States

1947-1989

Cold War

War of diplomacy between US and USSR; ended with breakup

of Soviet Union

1989-1990

Collapse of Communism in Europe

Berlin Wall comes down and Communist satellite nations pull away

from USSR

September 11, 2001

Terrorist Acts against the United States by Al Qaeda; led by

Osama Bin Ladin

2000 civilians die

13th Amendment

Abolished Slavery

14th Amendment

Civil Rights Guaranteed

Due Process

15th Amendment

Voting Rights shall not be denied on the basis of race,

color, or previous condition of servitude

16th Amendment

Established Income Tax

17th Amendment

Direct Election of Senators

18th Amendment

Prohibition of Alcohol

Volstead Act

19th Amendment

Gave Women the Right to Vote

20th Amendment

Terms of office and Presidential Succession

21st Amendment

Repeal of Prohibition

22nd Amendment

Limits Presidential Terms

23rd Amendment

Voting in District of Columbia

24th Amendment

Poll Tax Illegal

25th Amendment

Filling Vacancies in the Presidency

26th Amendment

Voting Age Lowered to 18

27th Amendment

Congressional Pay

1896

Plessy v. Ferguson

Segregation allowed if equal facilities provided

1954

Brown v. Board of Education

Declared racial segregation in public education was

unconstitutional

1908

Miller v. Oregon

Limited the employment of women in hazardous industries

1962

Baker V. Carr

Upheld principle of “one person, one vote”

1964

Reynolds v. Sims

All state and local legislative bodies had to be apportioned as

“one man, one vote”

1963

Gideon v. Wainwright

Required states courts to provide a lawyer in criminal cases to anyone who

cannot afford one

1964

Escobedo v. Illinois

An accused person has a right to have a lawyer present when being questioned by police

1966

Miranda v. Arizona

Police must inform suspects of their legal rights at the time of

arrest

1978

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

Reverse discrimination would be decided on case-by-case basis

“The advance of the frontier has meant…a steady growth of independence on American

lives.”

Frederick Jackson Turner

“The growth of a large business is merely a survival of the fittest.”

John D. Rockefeller

“You furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war.”

William Randolph Hearst

“Speak softly and carry a big stick.”

Theodore Roosevelt

“I am going to make dirt fly.”

Theodore Roosevelt about the Panama Canal

“You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of

thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.”

William Jennings Bryan

“Expose all fraud and sham, fight all public evils and abuses.”

Joseph Pulitzer

“The world must be made safe for democracy.”

Woodrow Wilson

“The business of America is business.”

Calvin Coolidge

“A chicken in every pot and two cars in every garage.” Herbert

Hoover (election of 1928)

“The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”

Franklin Roosevelt

(inauguration 1933)

“I pledge to you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American

people.”

Franklin Roosevelt

(campaign speech, 1932)

“Never was so much owed by so many to so few.”

Winston Churchill

(Battle of Britain)

“Yesterday, December 7, 1941 – is a date which will live in

infamy.”

Franklin Roosevelt (Pearl Harbor)

The U.S. should support “free peoples who are resisting

attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures.”

Harry S. Truman

“The buck stops here.”

Harry S. Truman

“You have a row of dominoes set up, you know over the first one, and…the last one…will go

over very quickly.”

Dwight D. Eisenhower

“Are you now, or have you ever been a member of the

Communist Party?”

HUAC, Joseph McCarthy

“Have you no sense of decency, sir, at long last?”

Attorney Joseph to Joseph McCarthy

“We will bury you.”

Nikita Khrushchev

“Ich ben ein berliner.”

John F. Kennedy

“From Stalingrad in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across

the continent.”

Winston Churchill

“In war there is no substitute for victory.”

Douglas Macarthur

“That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.”

Neil Armstrong

Stepping on the Moon

“We will pursue nations that provide aid or safe haven to terrorism. Every

nation in every region now has a decision to make. Either you are with

us, or you are with the terrorists.” George W. Bush

“One of the greatest glories of democracy is the right to protest

for right.”

Martin Luther King, Jr.

“I say segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever.”

George Wallace (1963)

“I have a dream today”….that people will “not be judge by the

color of their skin buy by the content of their character.”

Martin Luther King, Jr.

“What we’re going to start saying now is black power.”

Stokely Carmichael (1966)

“I am convinced that the truest act of courage…is to sacrifice ourselves for other in a totally nonviolent struggle for justice.”

Cesar Chavez

“The Great Society demands an end to poverty and racial

injustice.”

Lyndon B. Johnson

“The was “light at the end of the tunnel.”

General Westmoreland

“Peace with honor.”

Richard M. Nixon

“Peace is at hand.”

Henry Kissinger (1972)

“What is good for our country is good for General Motors and

vice versa.”

Charles E. Wilson

“I am not a crook.”

Richard M. Nixon

“I’m a Ford, not a Lincoln.”

Gerald R. Ford

“I thought it was a neat idea.”

Oliver North

(Iran Contra Affair)

“Are you better off now than you were four years ago?”

Ronald Reagan

1898

Treaty of Paris

Ended Spanish American War

Gave U.S. an empire

1902

Platt Amendment

U.S. right to intervene in Cuban Affairs and leave Guantanamo

1904

Roosevelt Corollary

Extension of the Monroe Doctrine

Right to protect Western Hemisphere

1903

Panama Canal Treaty

U.S. agreed to pay Panama for 10 miles strip of land for canal

1978

Panama Canal Treaty

Gradual turnover of Panama Canal to Panama; canal must stay neutral and

open to all nations

1947

Truman Doctrine

U.S. will defend free people from being taken over by communists

1947

Marshall Plan

Aid program to help European nations recover from World War II and stop

Communist expansion

1948

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Mutual defense treaty between nations of western and northern Europe, Canada, Iceland, and the U.S. to

defend Europe from USSR

1955

Warsaw Pact

Mutual defense alliance between USSR and communist nations of

Eastern Europe

1963

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

U.S. and USSR

Barred nuclear testing in the atmosphere

1964

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Authorize LBJ to increase American military involvement in

Vietnam

1969

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT)

U.S. and USSR agreed to limit production of nuclear weapons

1978

Camp David Accords

Peace agreement between Egypt and Israel negotiated with help of

President Carter

1993

North American Free Trade Agreement

Lowered tariffs and brought Mexico into the free trade zone with U.S. and

Canada

Andrew Carnegie

Revolutionized and monopolized steel industry in late 19th century

John D. Rockefeller

Standard Oil Company

Industrialist who monopolized the oil industry in the U.S.

Thomas Nast

Famous political cartoonist responsible for arrest of Boss

Tweed of Tammany Hall in late 1800’s

Samuel Gompers

First President of the American Federation of Labor

Theodore Roosevelt

Rough Riders

Founded Bull Moose Party

Susan B. Anthony

Founded of the National Women’s Suffrage Association

Worked for voting rights for women

Eugene V. Debs

Labor Leader

Socialist Party presidential candidate five times

Robert LaFollette

Led the Progressive Party

Favored breakup of monopolies, farm relief

Henry Ford

Made mass production of cars possible through the use of the

assembly line

W.E.B. DuBois

American American civil rights leader, writer and scholar; one of

the founders of NAACP

Alfred T. Mahan

Influenced build up of U.S. Navy

Upton Sinclair

Muckraker

Author of The Jungle; influenced passage of Pure Food and Drug

Act

John Pershing

Led the Tenth Negro Cavalry in the Spanish American war and American Expeditionary Forces

in World War I

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Heir to throne in Austria-Hungary

Assassination triggered

World War I

Henry Cabot Lodge

Wanted trade expansion during imperialism period

Opposed League of Nations

Clarence Darrow

Famous criminal lawyer who defended John Scopes for the

teaching of evolution

Williams Jennings Bryan

Politician who supported the ordinary person; opposed

teaching of evolution in Scopes trial

Sacco and Vanzetti

Two Italian immigrants tried and convicted for murder because

they were immigrants and anarchists (less on evidence)

Charles Lindbergh

Pilot who made the first non-stop solo flight between NYC and

Paris

John Steinbeck

American Author of

The Grapes of Wrath

Story about The Great Depression and the Dust Bowl

Benito Mussolini

Founded fascism

Dictator of Italy and leader of Axis powers in World War Ii

Adolf Hitler

Nazi dictator of Germany who ordered the mass murder of

millions of Jews

Joseph Stalin

Communist dictator of Soviet Union who ruled by terror

U.S. ally in World War II

Winston Churchill

Prime Minister of Great Britain during World War II

One of “Big Three”

Chester Nimitz

Texan, Admiral in World War II

Developed Island-hopping strategy that helped win war in

the Pacific

Dwight Eisenhower

Overall commander of Allied Forces in Europe during World War II; Directed D-Day Invasion

Douglas Macarthur

Led attack to regain the Philippines and led occupation

force in Japan; led U.S. forces in Korean War

George Patton

Controversial Tank General

Led forces in North Africa and assisted with Battle of the Bulge

George Marshall

Created plan to rebuild Europe after World War II

Omar Bradley

Commanded U.S. forces in World War II in the D-Day

invasion; First Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

Jonas Salk

Developed vaccines for influenza and polio in 1950’s

Fidel Castro

Leader of Communist Cuba

Opposed JFK in Bay of Pigs and Cuban Missile Crisis

Georgia O’Keefe

American Expressionist

Paintings of flowers and Southwest desert

Joseph McCarthy

Senator from 1946-1957

Accused many of being Communist with no proof; ruined

careers and reputations

George Wallace

Segregationist Governor of Alabama

Third party candidate for President in 1968

Rosa Parks

African-American woman who refused to give up her seat on a bus; led to the

Montgomery bus boycott and beginning of Civil Rights Movement

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Prominent civil rights leader

Preached nonviolent civil disobedience

“I have a dream.”

Malcolm X

African-American spokesman of Black Muslims

Wanted Black separatism

Assassinated

Stokley Carmichael

African-American who coined the term “Black Power”

Advocated violence to achieve rights

Cesar Chavez

Mexican-American Labor Leader

Founded the United Farm Workers

Used boycotts frequently

Neil Armstrong

First man to walk on the moon

Shirley Chisholm

First African-American woman elected to Congress and first to

run for President

Thurgood Marshall

First African-American Supreme Court Justice

H. Ross Perot

Texas

Third Party candidate for President

Opposed NAFTA

Sandra Day O’Conner

First Woman Supreme Court Justice in 1981