Great Crested Newt Survey Report · 2.3. FIELD SURVEY A site walkover was undertaken by Olivia Collington BSc (Hons), ACIEEM on 11th November 2019 to help gain an understanding of

Indicative Great Crested Newt Mitigation Strategy Elton 2, Eaglethorpe, Warmington

Reference:80-245-R1-2

Date: December 2019

INDICATIVE GREAT CRESTED NEWT

MITIGATION STRATEGY

Elton 2, Eaglethorpe

Warmington

Prepared for:

Ingrebourne Valley Ltd

Report Ref: 80-245-R1- 2

Date Issued: 19/12/2019

Elton 2, Eaglethorpe Indicative Great Crested Newt Mitigation Strategy December 2019

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E3P Heliport Business Park Liverpool Road Eccles Manchester M30 7RU + 44 (0) 161 707 9612 https://e3p.co.uk/ Registered in England CRN: 807255262

QUALITY ASSURANCE

PROJECT NUMBER 80-245

VERSION Version 1 Version 2

REMARKS Draft for Comment Amended

DATE 25th November 2019 19th December 2019

PREPARED BY C. Barlow C. Barlow

QUALIFICATIONS BSc (Hons), MSc, Senior Ecologist

BSc (Hons), MSc, Senior Ecologist

SIGNATURE

CHECKED BY O. Collington O. Collington

QUALIFICATIONS BSc (Hons), ACIEEM. Associate Director

BSc (Hons), ACIEEM. Associate Director

SIGNATURE

AUTHORISED BY O. Collington O. Collington

QUALIFICATIONS BSc (Hons), ACIEEM. Associate Director

BSc (Hons), ACIEEM. Associate Director

SIGNATURE

https://e3p.co.uk/

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Indicative Great Crested Newt Mitigation Strategy

December 2019

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Site Address Elton 2, Eaglethorpe, Warmington, Peterborough, PE8 6TJ.

Grid Reference E 507118, N 291928.

Site Area Approximately 20 ha.

Current Site Use and Adjacent Site Use

The site currently comprises a grazed improved grassland field, which is flanked on the northern and eastern boundaries by the River Nene and bound on the western and southern boundaries by Mill Stream. To the east of the site, a reservoir formed from previous mineral extraction is present. To the east of the reservoir, the existing plant site is present.

Results

The population of great crested newts on site was deemed to be ‘small’ based on previous eDNA survey data and incidental records. This has been assessed on a precautionary basis, and further population size assessments are required to inform the Natural England Licence.

Mitigation

A Natural England European Protected Species Licence will be applied for prior to the commencement of development if GCN are identified within the 2020 surveys. The accompanying NE method statement, if required, will detail trapping protocol, habitat enhancements and any proposed monitoring. If GCN are confirmed absent during the population size assessments in spring 2020, a licence will not be required.



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Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 2

1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.1. Background ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.2. Proposed Development ......................................................................................................... 4 1.3. Site Location .......................................................................................................................... 4 1.4. Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 5 1.5. Previous Surveys ................................................................................................................... 5

2. METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................... 7 2.1. Desk Study............................................................................................................................. 7 2.2. Habitat Suitability Index ......................................................................................................... 7 2.3. Field Survey ........................................................................................................................... 8 2.4. Survey Limitations ................................................................................................................. 8

3. SURVEY RESULTS ....................................................................................................................... 9 3.1. Desk Study............................................................................................................................. 9 3.2. Waterbody Assessment ......................................................................................................... 9 3.3. Population Assessment ....................................................................................................... 10

4. MITIGATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................. 11 4.1. Further Surveys ................................................................................................................... 11 4.2. Mitigation.............................................................................................................................. 11

4.2.1. Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 11 4.2.2. GCN Mitigation Area ..................................................................................................... 12 4.2.3. Habitat Creation and Enhancements ............................................................................ 12

Aquatic habitats ................................................................................................................................ 12 Terrestrial habitats ............................................................................................................................ 13

4.2.4. Protection Measures ..................................................................................................... 13 Capture and Translocation (Under Licence)..................................................................................... 13

4.2.5. Post Extraction Monitoring ............................................................................................ 15

5. LICENCING .................................................................................................................................. 16 Test 1 ................................................................................................................................................ 16 Test 2 ................................................................................................................................................ 16 Test 3 ................................................................................................................................................ 16

6. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................. 17

7. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 18

APPENDIX I UPDATED SITE PHOTOGRAPHS ................................................................................. 19



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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. BACKGROUND

E3P have been commissioned by Ingrebourne Valley Ltd (IVL) to produce an indicative Great Crested Newt Mitigation Strategy for the proposed mineral extraction at Elton 2, Eaglethorpe; hereafter referred to as “the site”. The author of this report is Celia Barlow BSc (Hons), MSc, Senior Consultant Ecologist at E3P. Celia has significant experience project managing various schemes throughout the UK, with key experience providing pragmatic advice. Celia has experience working on numerous great crested newt projects, including surveys and mitigation. E3P have not undertaken any surveys on the site. Instead, survey information from ECOSA (2019) and IVL have been referenced. Please refer to Section 1.5 for details of previous survey information obtained. E3P have been instructed to produce this indicative mitigation strategy as an independent consultant. Therefore, E3P and provided an independent and evidence-based opinion on the best method of mitigation for the site. No further surveys are required to inform the current planning application as GCN presence is known to be ‘low’ on site and further survey effort would be deemed un-necessary for the purposes of a planning decision. Further surveys would be required to inform the Natural England European Protected Species License. In the event that GCN are present on site following the pre-commencement surveys, E3P have been asked to advise what works might be required to obtain an EPSM licence. This will inform IVL on the likely amendments that might need to be implemented so that the impact on the delivery of the development can be assessed. Based on the lack of full population size survey information available, a precautionary approach has been taken to this indicative mitigation strategy. Recommendations for further surveys to confirm population size are detailed at the end of this report. The current mitigation strategy only applies providing a population of great crested newts are identified on site during the updated surveys.

1.2. PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT

The proposed development is for the extraction of sand and gravel from the extension area, which will be transported by articulated dump trucks via the bailey bridge and proposed access road (to dissect the existing lake) to the existing site to the east, for processing and onward delivery. The site will be subject to a five-year aftercare programme, to return the site to predominantly agricultural use

1.3. SITE LOCATION

The site is located on the outskirts of Warmington, Peterborough, within a predominantly agricultural area. The site is flanked on the northern and eastern boundaries by the River Nene and bordered on the western and southern boundaries by Mill Stream. Elton Reservoir is located to the east and Warmington Mill is located to the south of the site. Figure 1.1 shows the approximate site location.



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FIGURE 1.1 SITE LOCATION

1.4. OBJECTIVES

The aim of the mitigation strategy is to:

Ensure all relevant legislation is followed, and no individual great crested newts are harmed or disturbed by the proposed construction associated with the development;

Provide appropriate mitigation measures to reduce harm and disturbance to great crested newts, prior to the construction works commencement; and,

Provide recommendation to enhance the site for great crested newts post development, to ensure the local status of great crested newts is maintained.

1.5. PREVIOUS SURVEYS

A series of ecological surveys were undertaken by ECOSA throughout 2018 and 2019, which are detailed within the Ecological Impact Assessment (ECOSA, 2019). Conclusions of note regarding great crested newts included:

During reptile surveys undertaken between March – June 2018, a single adult great crested newt was located in the south western corner of the site.

The site was found to be isolated by the River Nene, which would severely limit terrestrial dispersal of the species.

Two permanent ponds were present within the site which supported some limited aquatic vegetation.

The ox bow lake to the east of the site was found to support some egg laying habitat, though was assumed to fill from the river, which is likely to contain fish, therefore making it less suitable for breeding great crested newts.



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On 15th May 2019, environmental DNA surveys were undertaken by a GCN licenced ecologist, Victoria Harris at Ingrebrourne Valley Ltd. This survey was limited to Pond 1 - 4 within the site. The lake and reservoir were excluded from the survey. Results of this survey returned “negative” for Ponds 1, 2 and 4. Pond 3 returned a “positive” result with a 1/12 score. The positive result was assessed as an anomaly by Ingrebourne Valley, and thus a repeat of eDNA surveys was undertaken in 18th June 2019. During this survey, all results returned “negative”.



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2. METHODOLOGY

2.1. DESK STUDY

Relevant ecological information was obtained via numerous online database sources to obtain existing baseline information, using Multi Agency Geographic Information for the Countryside (MAGIC) website and interactive tool to identify existing great crested newt mitigation licences within 5 km of the site boundary. Inspection using OS base maps and aerial photographs (www.magic.defra.gov.uk) was undertaken in order to provide additional context and to identify any features of potential importance to amphibians in the wider area.

2.2. HABITAT SUITABILITY INDEX

All ponds within a 250 m radius of the site boundary were evaluated using the habitat suitability index (HSI) (Oldham et al., 2000). The ponds were examined with reference to the ten HSI scoring criteria, which are as follows:

SI1: Geographical location.

SI2: Pond area.

SI3: Pond drying.

SI4: Water quality (as indicated by the diversity of aquatic plants and invertebrates).

SI5: Shade.

SI6: Waterfowl.

SI7: Fish.

SI8: Abundance of other ponds within 1 km radius.

SI9: Quality of terrestrial habitat.

SI10 Macrophyte cover (i.e. aquatic and emergent plants).



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A score is given according to the most appropriate criteria level set within each attribute and a total score is calculated between 0 and 1. Pond suitability is assessed according to the following scale:

< 0.50 = Poor.

0.50–0.59 = Below average.

0.60–0.69 = Average.

0.70–0.79 = Good.

> 0.80 = Excellent.

2.3. FIELD SURVEY

A site walkover was undertaken by Olivia Collington BSc (Hons), ACIEEM on 11th November 2019 to help gain an understanding of the site and features present.

2.4. SURVEY LIMITATIONS

All ponds were able to be accessed during the walkover. However, the walkover was undertaken during a period of localised flooding, and as such evidence of flooding from the River Nene was present. The walkover was undertaken in November, when vegetation had died back, and as such levels of aquatic vegetation and terrestrial habitat may be reduced. This has been considered during the assessment of the site. The population assessment provided is not informed by standard population assessment surveys due to the lack of suitability of the onsite ponds during previous survey effort. As such, further un-conventional surveys have been recommended.



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3. SURVEY RESULTS

3.1. DESK STUDY

Consultation with MAGIC Maps’ interactive tool (accessed on 13th November 2019), identified no great crested newt mitigation licences present within 1 km of the site. The closest identified was approximately 7.3 km east of the site boundary. Consultation with the ECOSA report identified no current records of great crested newts within 1 km of the site.

3.2. WATERBODY ASSESSMENT

All waterbodies were assessed as having ‘poor habitat suitability’ for GCN by IVL licenced ecologist in July 2019. Please refer to Appendix 1 for updated photographs of the site and ponds. Four waterbodies were located within the site boundary. Please refer to Figure 3.1 for locations of the waterbodies.

FIGURE 3.1 LOCATIONS OF WATERBODIES



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3.3. POPULATION ASSESSMENT

For the purposes of the indicative mitigation strategy, the onsite population of great crested newts has been assessed as ‘Small’. A ‘Small’ population indicates a peak count of between 1-10 great crested newts during standard survey techniques (English Nature, 2001). As standard survey techniques could not be employed, previous survey data has been used to evaluate the likely population size. Only a single great crested newt was identified during reptile surveys, with one out of two eDNA results returned as positive within Pond 3. All other ponds were returned as negative during both eDNA surveys. As the onsite ponds are located within 250 m of each other with no dispersal barriers, it would be likely that any population of great crested newts would commute between the onsite ponds (English Nature, 2001). This would suggest a precautionary approach of a ‘small’ population within all on site waterbodies.



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4. MITIGATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1. FURTHER SURVEYS

No further surveys are required to inform the current planning application as GCN presence is known to be ‘Low’ on site and further survey effort would be deemed un-necessary for the purposes of a planning decision. However, it is recommended that further surveys are undertaken within spring 2020 to inform the Natural England EPSM licence. If no great crested newts are identified on site, no EPSM will be required. If standard methodology (bottle trapping, torching, egg searching) is not deemed appropriate on ponds 1 to 4, additional techniques such as terrestrial torching, artificial refugia placement and artificial egg laying strips will be used. Aquatic torching should be attempted during surveys as even in turbid water, great crested newts can still be detected near the surface of the water and within the pond margins. Surveys should be undertaken from mid-March to mid-June, with at least three of these visits during mid-April to mid-May during suitable weather conditions. An eDNA survey is recommended on the ox bow lake to the east of the site as this was found to support some egg laying habitat and proposals indicate a Haul Road Causeway within this area. The eDNA survey should be undertaken between 15th April – 30th June. If the results are positive a population assessment will be carried out following standard survey techniques which will inform any further mitigation required.

4.2. MITIGATION

Mitigation is only required if the spring 2020 surveys confirm the presence of GCN, and as such, the mitigation proposals are indicative.

4.2.1. OBJECTIVES

The objectives of the mitigation strategy outlined below are as follows:



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Compensate to offset damage caused by extraction works by habitat enhancement measures;

Avoid negative impacts on the great crested newt population;

Avoid negative impacts on great crested newts during the extraction phase;

Create a long-term management and monitoring plan to ensure a favourable habitat is maintained for the species.

4.2.2. GCN MITIGATION AREA

Four ponds will be created within the GCN mitigation area following the specification outlined within Section 4.2.3. The entirety of the site is located within the flood plain of the River Nene therefore it is deemed more appropriate for the mitigation area to be located within the wider Elton Estate in a free draining area of land where GCN are more likely to hibernate overwinter, and breeding success will be higher. This new habitat will be a benefit to GCN as the new terrestrial habitat created would not be susceptible to flooding and will therefore be of a higher value. E3P are confident that a mitigation area can be found within the wider Elton Estate. The GCN Mitigation area will be a minimum of 1 ha and will be connected to wider habitats which will provide terrestrial habitats for the species. Habitat creation and enhancements, including the provision of four ponds, will be provided within the mitigation area as outlined within Section 4.2.3.

4.2.3. HABITAT CREATION AND ENHANCEMENTS

AQUATIC HABITATS As four ponds will be lost to extraction works, a mosaic of eight new ponds should be created upon the lands return to agricultural use to compensate for this loss. Pond creation should the specification as advised by the Amphibian Habitat Management Handbook (Baker, et al., 2011) and the Great Crested Newt Mitigation Guidelines (English Nature, 2001) and will comprise the following elements:

The surface area of the ponds will be between 100 m2 and 300 m2. Depth may vary and be up to 4 m deep. Occasional drying is not a problem and the ponds should hold water within at least one summer within every three (English Nature, 2001). It is recommended that the ponds be lined with clay to ensure they hold water.

Planting of the margins with native species such as yellow iris (Iris pseudacorus), common water plantain (Alisma plantago-aquatica), marsh bedstraw (Galium palustre), lesser spearwort (Ranunculus flammula), water forget-me-not (Myosotis scorpioides), brooklime (Veronica beccabunga), meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) and marsh marigold (Caltha palustris). Open areas within the pond will be maintained to facilitate courtship behaviour;

For health and safety reasons it may be necessary to install fencing around each pond to demarcate the pond edges;

The land around the pond will be seeded with a low maintenance wildflower grassland such as the EM1 mix supplied by www.wildseeds.co.uk;

The planting of trees and shrubs within the vicinity of the pond should be avoided to reduce shading of the pond and increase the chance of colonization of macrophytes;



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Four ponds will be created within the GCN mitigation area. Pond creation should be to the specification as advised by the Amphibian Habitat Management Handbook (Baker, et al., 2011) and the Great Crested Newt Mitigation Guidelines (English Nature, 2001) and will comprise the elements listed above. Ponds should be enhanced prior to the commencement of mitigation.

TERRESTRIAL HABITATS The GCN Mitigation Area will be managed to be favourable habitat for terrestrial GCN and other amphibian species. The terrestrial habitats will be initially enhanced by the creation of three amphibian hibernacula in accordance with Figure 3 of the Great Crested Newt Mitigation Guidelines (English Nature, 2001) (see figure 4.1 below). Three refuges will also be created in the form of log piles.

Care will be taken during the creation of the hibernacula and refugia to ensure no existing newt habitats are damaged. Only clean, inert materials are to be used for the creation of the hibernacula. Timber collated during any tree removal / crown lifting work, for example, can be used to create refuges. The seeded grassland within the GCN Mitigation Area will be allowed to grow to dense tussocky grassland, a more favourable habitat for use by sheltering amphibians. The habitat will be cut annually in autumn to a height of 0.15 metres, with encroaching bramble scrub, common nettle, noxious weeds (such as common ragwort and broad-leaved dock) and self-seeded tree saplings cleared at this time.

It is concluded that the conservation of the GCN Mitigation Area will enhance the habitats to increase opportunities for sheltering and foraging amphibians and will satisfactorily compensate for the loss of the existing semi-improved grassland at the remainder of the site.

4.2.4. PROTECTION MEASURES

To avoid killing or injury of individual GCN it is considered necessary to apply conventional exclusion fencing and trapping methods to ensure all individuals are excluded from the extraction site prior to commencement of site works.

CAPTURE AND TRANSLOCATION (UNDER LICENCE)

FIGURE 4.1 SUGGESTED HIBERNACULUM DESIGN



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To ensure the extraction operations do not harm individual GCN, the extraction zone will be surrounded by newt exclusion fencing to the specification detailed in Figure 4 of the Great Crested Newt Mitigation Guidelines (English Nature, 2001) (see Figure 4.2).

A GCN mitigation area for any amphibians captured during the trapping phase will be provided within the wider Elton Estate as outlined within Section 4.2.2. As a small population of GCN may be present on site a trap density of 50 traps/ha will be required (English Nature, 2001). Pitfall traps will be positioned at 10 m intervals. To increase the chances of capture, it is recommended that refuge traps / carpet tiles are placed in between each pitfall trap. Internal drift fencing to compartmentalise trapping areas - PFTs installed at c.10m intervals as recommended within the mitigation guidelines, with carpet tiles/ artificial refugia in-between to increase capture rate (inside on perimeter & both sides of internal drift). The site will be compartmentalised into sections which will allow for the installation of a minimum of 50 traps/per ha as recommended within the mitigation guidelines. Fencing installation will be supervised by a suitably experienced ECoW whom hold a GCN class licence. Hand searching around the base of individual trees to be removed will be undertaken as capture progresses. A minimum of 30 trapping nights will be completed across the site, to include a final 5 consecutive GCN free nights. If on site Ponds 1 to 4 hold water at the time of trapping, bottle trapping will be used within these ponds to translocate any GCN to the mitigation area. Upon completion of trapping hedgerows, scattered trees and any areas where natural refuge is present would be subject to a destructive search.

FIGURE 4.2 FENCE AND PITFALL TRAP DESIGN



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All amphibians captured within trapped areas will be moved to the designated GCN Mitigation Area and placed under suitable refugia. Hibernacula will be installed prior to the commencement of capture immediately upon receipt of the licence. Once trapping is complete, internal drift fencing will be removed under the supervision of a suitably experienced ECoW who holds a GCN class licence and construction will commence. Perimeter fencing will remain in situ until the extraction, restoration and pond creation is complete, at which time it will also be removed under ECoW supervision. During the removal of any fencing, the base will be hand searched to ensure no GCN or other common amphibians are taking refuge at the base. Fencing can only be removed when temperatures are above 5 degrees between March – October (inclusive).

4.2.5. POST EXTRACTION MONITORING

In accordance with the Great Crested Newt Mitigation Guidelines (English Nature, 2001) for a small population size class of low importance no post development monitoring is necessary.



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5. LICENCING

A licence to derogate from the statutory protection afforded to GCN can be granted for several specified reasons or purposes as set out in Regulation 53 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 (as amended). These reasons are often referred to as the ‘three tests’. Consideration of the three tests is detailed below to demonstrate that it is reasonable to assume that a Natural England licence will be granted in this case. Please note, that if no great crested newts are located during population size assessments in Spring 2020, a licence may not be required for development to proceed.

TEST 1 Regulation 53(2)(e) states: a licence can be granted for the purposes of “preserving public health or public safety or other imperative reasons of overriding public interest including those of a social or economic nature and beneficial consequences of primary importance for the environment”, typically referred to as the ‘Overriding Public Importance Test’. The extension area at Elton 2 will provide a further 1Mt of sand and gravel which will help to support the increasing demand for minerals for construction purposes within the local area. The sales figures within Northamptonshire for sand and gravel have been increasing since 2016 and consequently further planning consents are required to ensure this supply can be maintained. Based on current statistics (Minerals UK, 2014), each UK resident generates a demand for nearly four tonnes of aggregates a year; every new home required an average 60 tonnes of mineral products and once restored former mineral sites often support nature conservation, which can also serve as public amenity. Therefore, the proposals will have numerous potential benefits to the public as well as supporting a prosperous UK economy.

TEST 2 Regulation 53(9)(a) states: the appropriate authority shall not grant a licence unless they are satisfied “that there is no satisfactory alternative”, typically referred to as the ‘No Satisfactory Alternative’ test. The extension area was identified as suitable for sand and gravel extraction by Northamptonshire County Council within their Mineral and Waste Local Plan (MWLP) and consequently was ‘safeguarded’. It also highlighted the importance of sites along the Nene river valley as ‘significant’ in delivering the provision of mineral for Northamptonshire to ensure that local and regional housing and infrastructure targets are met. The working of Elton 2 will reduce reliance on imports which do not support sustainable development and will help to support the needs from a population which is expected to grow steadily over the period 2013-2031 – an increase in population size of approximately 16%. Mineral can only be worked where it is found and best use must be made of it, as it is a finite resource. Alternative sites were considered and fully assessed when the MWLP was put together and therefore there is no satisfactory alternative.

TEST 3 Regulation 53(9)(b) states: the appropriate authority shall not grant a licence unless they are satisfied “that the action authorised will not be detrimental to the maintenance of the population of the species concerned at a favourable conservation status in their natural range”, typically referred to as the ‘Favourable Conservation Status’ test. Satisfaction of this test is demonstrated above in the mitigation strategy.



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6. CONCLUSION

No further surveys are required to inform the current planning application as GCN presence is known to be ‘Low’ on site and further survey effort would be deemed un-necessary for the purposes of a planning decision. However, it is recommended that further surveys are undertaken within spring 2020 to inform whether a Natural England EPSM licence is required. Mitigation is only required if the spring 2020 surveys confirm the presence of GCN, and as such, the mitigation proposals are indicative. The proposed extraction works do not represent any permanent loss of great crested newt terrestrial habitat. With the proposed habitat enhancements and mitigation, the proposals will have a long-term beneficial impact on the local GCN population. The net gain of eight new ponds with habitat enhancements will provide increased breeding opportunities for the species. A Natural England EPSL will be applied for, if required, which will outline the following:

Enhancement of aquatic and terrestrial habitats within allocated ‘GCN Mitigation Area’;

Capture and translocation of GCN and amphibians from the extraction area; and,

Exclusion of amphibians from the extraction area during the extraction operations/ period.

The above mitigation strategy will have a positive impact on the local population of GCN.



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7. REFERENCES

Baker, J. et al., 2011. Amphibian Habitat Management Handbook, Bournemouth: Amphibian and Reptile Conservation.

English Nature, 2001. Great Crested Newt Mitigation Guidelines. Peterborough: English Nature.

Oldham, R. S., Keeble, J., Swan, M. J. S. & Jeffcote, M., 2000. Evaluating the Suitability of Habitat for the Great Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus). Herpetological Journal, Volume 10(4), pp. 143–155.

END OF REPORT



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APPENDIX I UPDATED SITE PHOTOGRAPHS



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Updated Site Photographs



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Documents

Great Crested Newt Survey Report · 2.3. FIELD SURVEY A site walkover was undertaken by Olivia Collington BSc (Hons), ACIEEM on 11th November 2019 to help gain an understanding of