Gravity retaining wall with shear damage from landslide.

Collapse of Tsu Wei Bridge due to landslide during the Ji Ji, Taiwan earthquake.

Broken piles under the bridge.

Piles penetrating the bridge deck.

Damage to Cypress Street viaduct.

Damaged 10-story building between the Plaza de la Constitution and Zona Rosa in Mexico City

Three-span bridge rocked over during the 1999 Ji Ji, Taiwan earthquake.

Failure of connection of column to pile shaft.

Failure of connection of column to footing.

Soft-story collapse in San Francisco during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake