Graphing: Employing graphs to Record, Display, and Interpret Data using

The Associative Learning Module

Presenters:

Yolanda Cox & Christie OrloskyCelest 2007

Suggested Instructions

• Pre-assessment: word sort

• Revised powerpoint

• Computer exercise

• Catch the Ruler experiment

• Upper level classes continue with powerpoint

• Post-assessment: quiz

Word SortAssociativeLearning

CategoricalLearning

OperantConditioning

ClassicalConditioning

Learning associations between objects

Learning that a certain object belongs to a

particular group

Learning that, in a particular situation, a

certain behavior leads to a certain outcome

B. F. SkinnerStimulusCategory

Defined by a number of features

(i.e. cat = fur, vertebrate, warm-blooded)

Designed experiment box to study operant

conditioning

Behaviorism

Frequency of a behavior is influenced by the presence

or absence of a rewarding/punishing

event

An object or event that you sense

Ivan Pavlov

Developed experiment with salivating dogs

UnconditionedStimulus

(US)

A stimulus that naturally evokes a response or

reflex

ConditionedStimulus

(CS)

A stimulus that does not naturally evoke a response, but can acquire the ability to elicit the response

CATEGORICAL LEARNINGA category is defined by a number of features. An object belongs to a category only if it has certain defining features.

This object…

… is a cat!

Through categorical learning, the brain creates appropriate categories and can decide to which category belongs a certain object.

PAVLOV’S EXPERIMENT

A QUESTION OF ETHICSIn 1920, little Albert, an eleventh month old orphan, learned to

fear a rabbit.

Unconditional stimulus: loud noise. The noise is so loud that it causes a fear response.

Conditional stimulus: little rabbit. The rabbit originally doesn’t cause a fear response.

and

But if you present simultaneously

many times, then

Initially, the soundcauses fear…

But not the rabbit

… the rabbit also causes fear!

Catch the Ruler experiment

Brain

grasping action Motor command to catch ruler

What should I do ?

Arm

Eye

Visual center

visual information

about falling ruler

RULER + FALLI NG =

distance traveled

ruler

Biggles’ guide to… ‘Catch the ruler!’

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Associative center

Suggested Revisions of Celest Software

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• Change total number of trials from 18 to 20 (add 2 more trials to beginning)

• Place all three types of graphs on one page to make comparisons