Graphic Remembrance

  • Upload
    passkri

  • View
    220

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • 7/28/2019 Graphic Remembrance

    1/17

    ,((($QQDOVRIWKH+LVWRU\RI&RPSXWLQJ9RO1R

    Graphics Remembrances

    COMPILED BY JULES BLOOMENTHAL

    This article is a collection of reminiscences that capture some of the spirit ofthe past days of computer graphics.

    IntroductionKHUH DUH PDQ\ IDVFLQDWLQJ VWRULHV FRQFHUQLQJ WKH

    GHYHORSPHQWRIFRPSXWHUJUDSKLFV$V\VWHPDWLFFROOHFWLRQ

    ZRXOG EH ZHOFRPH EXW IRU WKLV DUWLFOH , DOORZHG P\VHOI D

    FHUWDLQ KDSKD]DUGQHVV RFFDVLRQDOO\ DVNLQJ FROOHDJXHV DW

    6LJJUDSK DWZRUN GXULQJD WHOHSKRQH FDOO RU E\HPDLO

    P\FRQWDFWZLWK 3LHUUH%p]LHUZDV LQLWLDWHG E\%ULDQ %DUVN\GXULQJRQHRIKLVYLVLWVWR3DULV,QDOO,PDGHLQTXLULHVWRPRUH

    WKDQLQGLYLGXDOVDERXWKDOILQGLFDWHGDQLQWHUHVWDQGDWKLUG

    LQGLFDWHGDZLOOLQJQHVV(YHQWXDOO\FRQWULEXWHGWKHVHHVVD\V

    IRUZKLFK,DPJUDWHIXO

    ,DVNHGFRQWULEXWRUVWKHIROORZLQJ

    WR GHVFULEH WKH FRQWH[WZLWKLQ ZKLFK FRPSXWHU JUDSKLFVGHYHORSHG

    WR H[SODLQ KRZ WHFKQRORJ\ ZDV WUDQVIHUUHG EHWZHHQGLVFLSOLQHVLQVWLWXWLRQVRULQGLYLGXDOV

    WRWHOOZK\WKH\DSSURDFKHGDSUREOHPLQDFHUWDLQZD\RU WRGHVFULEHWKHWRROVWKH\XVHG'XDQH 3DO\ND DQG $OY\ 5D\ 6PLWK DUH WZR HDUO\

    FRQQHFWLRQV EHWZHHQ DUW DQG WHFKQRORJ\ WKH\ WHOO WZR YHU\

    GLIIHUHQWVWRULHVRIWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQYLVXDOLPDJLQDWLRQ

    DQGWKHFRPSXWHU

    1HOVRQ0D[DQG+ROO\5XVKPHLHUWHOORI WKHLUVWUXJJOHVZLWK

    SULPLWLYH WRROVWKH IRUPHU SURGXFLQJ D FRPSXWHU DQLPDWLRQ LQ

    WKHHDUO\VWKHODWWHUFRPSDULQJUHDOLW\ZLWKYLVXDOVLPXODWLRQ

    LQWKHHDUO\V

    5RGQH\ 6WRFN GHVFULEHV KLV SXUVXLW RI LPSURYHG DQWLDOLDVLQJ

    PHWKRGVDQG1DGLD0DJQHQDW7KDOPDQQDQG'DQLHO 7KDOPDQQ

    GHVFULEHWKHLUSXUVXLWRIYLUWXDOFKDUDFWHUV

    7KH FHOHEUDWHG %p]LHU UHFDOOV WKH DGYHQW RI&$'&$0 LQD

    PDQXIDFWXULQJ ZRUOG WKDW RSHUDWHG YHU\ GLIIHUHQWO\ IURP WKHPDQXIDFWXULQJZRUOGRIWRGD\'DYH5RJHUVUHFRXQWVVRPHRIWKH

    HDUOLHVWZRUNLQ&$'&$0DQGKRZLWFDPHWRWKHUHVFXHRIWKH

    86&RDVW*XDUG%RE%DUQKLOO%DUVN\DQG5RELQ)RUUHVWUHIOHFW

    RQ WKH RULJLQV RI FRPSXWHUDLGHG JHRPHWULF GHVLJQ DQG LWV

    LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\QDWXUH

    $OWKRXJK PRVW FRQWULEXWRUV UHTXLUH QR LQWURGXFWLRQ WR WKH

    FRPSXWHUJUDSKLFVFRPPXQLW\,RIIHUDEULHIELRJUDSK\DWWKHHQG

    RIHDFKHVVD\IRUWKHEHQHILWRIRWKHUUHDGHUV+HUHWKHQDUH

    HVVD\V WR VKHG VRPH OLJKW RQ WKH EULOOLDQFH WKDW LV FRPSXWHU

    JUDSKLFV

    -XOHV %ORRPHQWKDO VWXGLHG FRPSXWHU

    JUDSKLFV DW WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 8WDK GXULQJ

    WKHVODWHUPXFKKHHDUQHGKLV3K'

    IURP WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI &DOJDU\ +H KDV

    FRQGXFWHG UHVHDUFK DW WKH 1HZ

  • 7/28/2019 Graphic Remembrance

    2/17

    Graphics Remembrances

    ,((($QQDOVRIWKH+LVWRU\RI&RPSXWLQJ9RO1R

    PXOWLGLPHQVLRQDOVXUIDFHSUREOHPV%HIRUHP\VDEEDWLFDO

    ,VSHQWVL[PRQWKVZRUNLQJIRU/HLOD%UDPDWWKH2IILFHRI

    1DYDO 5HVHDUFK GXULQJ ZKLFK , RUJDQL]HG D ZRUNVKRS RQ

    PXOWLGLPHQVLRQDO DSSUR[LPDWLRQ PHWKRGV $W WKLV ZRUNVKRS

    %LUNKRII DQG 3KLO'DYLVSDUWLFLSDWHG DQG , KDG WKH SOHDVXUHRI

    LQWURGXFLQJ5RELQ)RUUHVWWRWKHDSSUR[LPDWLRQWKHRU\FRPPXQLW\

    LQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVDVWKHIRXUWKDQGILQDOGD\RIWKHZRUNVKRS

    IRFXVHGRQFRPSXWHUJUDSKLFV$WVHYHUDOVXEVHTXHQWPHHWLQJV,FRQWLQXHG WR LQWURGXFH WKH VXEMHFW RI FRPSXWHU JUDSKLFV WR

    PDWKHPDWLFDODXGLHQFHV

    , VSHQWP\VDEEDWLFDO \HDU DW%UXQHO 8QLYHUVLW\ LQ(QJODQG

    ZKHUH,PHW-RKQ*UHJRU\DQGDSURGXFWLYHSDUWQHUVKLSDQGZDUP

    UHODWLRQVKLSEHJDQ:HGHYHORSHGWZRVWUHDPVRIWKRXJKWWKDWDUH

    VWLOO RI LPSRUWDQFH FRPSXWDEOH HUURU ERXQGV IRU SRO\QRPLDO

    LQWHUSRODWLRQDQGDFRQVWUXFWLYHXVHRI%RROHDQVXPVWRGHYHORS

    QHZPHWKRGVDQGH[SODLQSURSHUWLHVRINQRZQPHWKRGVVXFKDV

    WKHVHUHQGLSLW\HOHPHQWVRIWKHHQJLQHHUV

    This meeting was a defining event in

    computer graphics, and many oftodays experts in the field participated.

    $IWHU UHWXUQLQJ IURP P\ VDEEDWLFDO , IRXQG WKDW *RUGRQV

    VWXGHQW5LFK 5LHVHQIHOG DW 6\UDFXVH ZDV LQWHUHVWHG LQ MRLQLQJ

    (YDQVDW8WDK5LHVHQIHOGDQG,IRUPHGDSDUWQHUVKLSWKDWKHOSHG

    EULQJWRJHWKHUWKHPDWKHPDWLFVDQGFRPSXWHUVFLHQFHRIWKHQHZ

    VXEMHFW:KDWVKRXOG WKH VXEMHFW EHQDPHG":HGHFLGHG WKDW LW

    LQYROYHG WKH FRPELQLQJ RI PDWKHPDWLFV ZLWK &$' KHQFH

    FRPSXWHUDLGHGJHRPHWULFGHVLJQ&$*'&$*'LVQRZNQRZQ

    ZRUOGZLGH DV D ILHOG RI VFLHQFH DQG HQJLQHHULQJ WKDW VHHNV WR

    XQLI\DQGH[SODLQWKHRU\DQGDOJRULWKPVIRUFXUYHVVXUIDFHVDQG

    YROXPHV WKDW FDQ EH HLWKHU IUHHIRUP GHVLJQHG RU

    UHSUHVHQWDWLRQVDSSUR[LPDWLRQVRIGDWDIURPUHDOLW\$QRWKHUZD\

    WR YLHZ WKLV GXDOLW\ LV E\ 5LHVHQIHOGV VRIW GDWD ZKLFK DUH

    GHVLJQHGRUKDUGGDWDZKLFKDUHH[SHULPHQWDOO\RURWKHUZLVH

    IL[HG$WDQ2IILFHRI1DYDO5HVHDUFKVSRQVRUHGPHHWLQJ DW WKH

    8QLYHUVLW\ RI8WDK LQ ZHXQYHLOHG WKH QHZQDPH RI WKH

    VXEMHFW 7KLV PHHWLQJ ZDV D GHILQLQJ HYHQW LQ FRPSXWHU

    JUDSKLFVDQGPDQ\RIWRGD\VH[SHUWVLQWKHILHOGSDUWLFLSDWHG

    ,Q SUHSDUDWLRQ IRU RXU RZQ VFLHQWLILF SDUWLFLSDWLRQ LQ WKH

    PHHWLQJ *UHJRU\ 5REHUW 0F'HUPRWW DQG , FROODERUDWHG RQ

    JUDSKLFVUHQGLWLRQVRISDWFKHVZKLFKZHWULHGRQVRPHUHDOGDWD

    ,QWHVWLQJRXUVXUIDFHPHWKRGVDJUDSKLFVUHQGHULQJLOOXVWUDWHGWKH

    H[LVWHQFH RIDQ HUURULQ WKH IRUPXODV ZKLFKZH WKHQ FRUUHFWHG

    7KLVIHHGEDFNDSSURDFKLOOXVWUDWHVKRZFRPSXWHUJUDSKLFVFDQEHDSRWHQWWRROWRWKHVFLHQWLVWHQJLQHHU0\YLHZZDVWKDWERWKWKH

    PDWKHPDWLFVDQGJUDSKLFVFRXOGEH LQWHUZRYHQWR VROYHSUDFWLFDO

    SUREOHPV DQG LQ SDUWLFXODU FRPSXWHU JUDSKLFV HQDEOHV RQH WR

    PDNHDSUHGLFWLRQEDVHGRQZKDWLVDOUHDG\NQRZQ

    $QHZHUDLQP\LQWHUHVWVEHJDQZLWK*HUDOG)DULQVFRPLQJWR

    8WDKLQ0\VHFRQGDQGODVWVDEEDWLFDOLQZDVDJDLQ

    WR %UXQHO 8QLYHUVLW\ ZKHUH )DULQ *UHJRU\ DQG , ZRUNHG

    WRJHWKHU6SXUUHGRQE\ RXU8WDKLQWHUHVWLQ GHYHORSLQJPHWKRGV

    IRULQWHUSRODWLQJDUELWUDULO\ ORFDWHGGDWD)DULQ GHYHORSHG%p]LHU

    WULDQJOHV IRU DUELWUDU\ WULDQJOHV ,Q WKH HDUO\ V , PHW

    :ROIJDQJ%RHKPZKRZDV)DULQVDGYLVRULQ*HUPDQ\DQGZH

    LQLWLDWHGWKH&RPSXWHU$LGHG*HRPHWULF'HVLJQMRXUQDOZLWKWKH

    1RUWK+ROODQG3XEOLVKLQJ&RPSDQ\ 7KLVZDV D YHU\ LPSRUWDQW

    VWHS EHFDXVH WKH IOHGJOLQJ VXEMHFW &$*' QHHGHG ERWK D

    SXEOLVKLQJRXWOHW DQGDSSURSULDWHULJRU LQ MXGJLQJLWV SXEOLVKDEOH

    DVSHFWV 1RUWK+ROODQG JDYH XV IUHH UHLQ WR GHYHORS D TXDOLW\

    MRXUQDO DQG WKH HGLWRULDO ERDUG KDV EHHQ D ZKRV ZKR LQ WKH

    VXEMHFW

    7KH LQWHUFRQWLQHQWDO LQWHUHVW LQ&$*'ZDV LOOXVWUDWHG E\ WKH

    PDQ\ PHHWLQJVHVSHFLDOO\ LQ WKH8QLWHG 6WDWHV*HUPDQ\ DQG

    (QJODQGDVZHOO DVE\ WKH&RPSXWHU$LGHG*HRPHWULF'HVLJQMRXUQDODQGRWKHUMRXUQDOV0HHWLQJVDW WKH0DWKHPDWLFV ,QVWLWXWH

    DW2EHUZROIDFK*HUPDQ\RUJDQL]HGE\%RHKP-RVHI+RVFKHN

    DQGP\VHOIDQGPRUHUHFHQWO\DWWKH&RPSXWHU6FLHQFH,QVWLWXWH

    DW'DJVWXKO*HUPDQ\RUJDQL]HGE\)DULQDQG+DQV+DJHQKDYH

    EHHQLPSRUWDQWRYHUWKH\HDUV

    'XULQJ WKH SDVW \HDUV UHVHDUFK LQ&$*'KDV GLYHUVLILHG

    IURPWKHHDUOLHUVHDUFKHVIRUQHZPHWKRGVIRUFXUYHDQGVXUIDFH

    GHVLJQWRVWXG\LQJWKHSURSHUWLHVRINQRZQPHWKRGV2QHH[DPSOH

    LV JHRPHWU\ SURFHVVLQJ ZKLFK LQFOXGHV PDQ\ VWLOOGLIILFXOW

    SUREOHPVVXFKDVWKHDFFXUDWHFRPSXWDWLRQRIWKHLQWHUVHFWLRQVRI

    SDUDPHWULFVXUIDFHVDQGRI RIIVHWVXUIDFHV5RVHPDU\&KDQJZDV

    LQVWUXPHQWDOLQEULQJLQJVRPHRIWKHVHVXEMHFWVLQUHDOSUREOHPV

    WR RXU DWWHQWLRQ 7KHDSSOLFDWLRQ RI VFDWWHUHGGDWD DOJRULWKPV LVMXVWQRZUHDFKLQJELRPHGLFDOSUREOHPVVXFKDVWKHZRUNE\7RP

    )ROH\DQGKLVVWXGHQWVDW$UL]RQD6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\WKDWLVHQDEOLQJ

    WKHHDUO\SUHGLFWLRQRI$O]KHLPHUV'LVHDVH

    7KHUHDUHZRQGHUIXOFRPSXWHUJUDSKLFVWRROVWRGD\DOPRVWDOO

    GHYHORSHG E\SHRSOH ZKR RQH ZD\ RU DQRWKHU SDVVHG WKURXJK

    8WDKGXULQJLWVFRPSXWHUJUDSKLFVKH\GD\7RGD\V\RXQJSHRSOH

    ZLOO H[SHULHQFH WKH VDPH WKULOO DQG LQVLJKW , GLG ZKHQ ZLWK

    1LHOVRQVKHOS,SXWXSP\ILUVWSLFWXUHRIDWULDQJXODUSDWFKRQD

    7HNWURQL[ VWRUDJH WXEH RU ODWHU ZLWK )UDQN /LWWOH YLHZHG D

    JUDSKLFV UHQGLWLRQ RI D QXPHULFDO LQWHJUDWLRQ VXEGLYLVLRQ

    DOJRULWKPWKDW/RFNKHHGXVHGLQWKHQDWLRQDOLQWHUHVW

    $VZHVD\LQVRFFHU.HHSLWFRPLQJ

    5REHUW(%DUQKLOOLVRQHRIWKHIRXQGLQJIDWKHUVRI&$*'+H

    LV QRZ YLFH FKDQFHOORU IRU UHVHDUFK DQG SXEOLF VHUYLFH DW WKH

    8QLYHUVLW\RI.DQVDVDQGLVSUHVLGHQWRIWKH&HQWHUIRU5HVHDUFK

    ,QF

    5REHUW(%DUQKLOOFDQEHFRQWDFWHGDW

    6WURQJ+DOO

    8QLYHUVLW\RI.DQVDV

    /DZUHQFH.686$

    HPDLOUEDUQKLOO#XNDQVHGX

    k

    Computer Graphics: A Personal Historyby Brian A. Barsky0\ LQWHUHVW LQ FRPSXWHU JUDSKLFV EHJDQ LQ DERXW D \HDU

    EHIRUH WKH ILUVW 6LJJUDSK FRQIHUHQFH DOWKRXJK LW ZDV QRW XQWLO

    VHYHUDO\HDUVODWHUWKDW,HYHQKHDUGRI6LJJUDSKDQGDWWHQGHGP\

    ILUVW6LJJUDSK FRQIHUHQFH LQ 6DQ -RVH&DOLIRUQLD LQ ,Q

    ,ZDVDQDUFKLWHFWXUHVWXGHQW,WZDVDSSDUHQWWRPHWKDWWKH

    FRPSXWHUFRXOGKHOSLQWKHFUHDWLRQRIUHQGHULQJVRIEXLOGLQJVWKDW

    ZHUH VWLOO RQ WKH GUDZLQJ ERDUG $V VXUSULVLQJ DV LWPD\ VHHP

    WRGD\ VXFK LGHDVZHUHQRW RQO\XQXVXDO EXW DOVR XQZHOFRPH ,

  • 7/28/2019 Graphic Remembrance

    3/17

    ,((($QQDOVRIWKH+LVWRU\RI&RPSXWLQJ9RO1R

    UHPHPEHU EHLQJ WROG WKDW FRPSXWHUV ZHUH VXLWDEOH IRU EDQNLQJ

    DQG DFFRXQWLQJ EXW QRW IRU HQGHDYRUV WKDW LQYROYHG FUHDWLYLW\

    VXFK DV WKH GHVLJQ SURFHVV , DUJXHG WKDW RQ WKH FRQWUDU\ WKH

    LWHUDWLYHDVSHFWRIWKHGHVLJQSURFHVVPDGHFRPSXWHUVSDUWLFXODUO\

    DSSURSULDWHDQGIXUWKHUWKDW LQWHUDFWLYHJUDSKLFVZDVHYHQPRUH

    LQOLQHZLWKWKHGHVLJQSURFHVV,IHOWWKDWUDWKHUWKDQEHLQJDWKUHDW

    WR WKH FUHDWLYH SURFHVV DV FRPSXWHUV ZHUH YLHZHG DW WKH WLPH

    FRPSXWHUV LQVWHDGFRXOGOHQG DKHOSLQJKDQG RU VKRXOG , VD\ DKHOSLQJ GLJLW " PXOWLSO\LQJ WKH SRZHU DQG SURGXFWLYLW\ RI D

    GHVLJQHUDQGHQDEOLQJKLPRUKHUWRGHYHORSDQGFRQVLGHUDZLGHU

    UDQJHRISRWHQWLDOGHVLJQVWKDQZRXOGRWKHUZLVHEHSRVVLEOH

    , ZDV SDUWLFXODUO\ LQWULJXHG LQWHOOHFWXDOO\ DW KRZ FRPSXWHU

    JUDSKLFV IRUPHG D V\QWKHVLV RI PDQ\ GLVFLSOLQHV DQG SURYLGHG

    PRWLYDWLRQDQGDSSOLFDWLRQVRIPDQ\WKHRUHWLFDOILHOGV,KDGEHHQ

    GHHSO\ LQYROYHG LQ SKRWRJUDSK\ VLQFH FKLOGKRRG DQG WKXV WKH

    VWXG\ RI DQG UHVHDUFK LQ FRPSXWHU JUDSKLFV SURYLGHG PH WKH

    RSSRUWXQLW\WRFRPSUHKHQGWKHPDWKHPDWLFVDQGSK\VLFVLQYROYHG

    LQPRGHOLQJWKHSKRWRJUDSKLFSURFHVV$VDSKRWRJUDSKHU,ZDV

    ZHOODZDUHRIWKHLQWHUSOD\RIOLJKWDQGPDWHULDOWKDWRIFRXUVH

    IRUPVPXFK RIPRGHUQ FRPSXWHUJUDSKLFV UHQGHULQJDOJRULWKPV

    UHVHDUFK7KHRWKHUFRPSRQHQWRIFRPSXWHUJUDSKLFVFRQVLVWVRIVKDSH IRUP ZKLFK WUDQVODWHV WR JHRPHWU\ IURP WKH

    PDWKHPDWLFDOSRLQWRIYLHZ

    I recall my delight in writing a computer

    program that could display a 2D

    perspective image of a 3D object

    viewed from an arbitrary vantage point.

    ,UHFDOOEHLQJLQWULJXHGZLWKWKHJHRPHWULFRSWLFVLQYROYHGLQ

    WKHSKRWRJUDSKLFSURFHVVZLWKVXFKFRQFHSWVDVWKHUROHRIIVWRSV

    LQGHSWKRIILHOGDQGGHSWKRIIRFXV7KHPDWKHPDWLFDOHOHJDQFHRIWKHSHUVSHFWLYHSURMHFWLRQ FDSWXUHGP\ LPDJLQDWLRQ , UHFDOOP\

    GHOLJKW LQZULWLQJ D FRPSXWHUSURJUDP WKDW FRXOGGLVSOD\ D '

    SHUVSHFWLYH LPDJH RI D ' REMHFW YLHZHG IURP DQ DUELWUDU\

    YDQWDJH SRLQW :KHQ FRXSOHG ZLWK WKH QRWLRQ RI IRUPLQJ D

    VHTXHQFHRIVXFKLPDJHVWRSURGXFHWKHLOOXVLRQRIVPRRWKPRWLRQ

    LQDQLPDWLRQDQGVLPXODWLRQWKHIXOOSRZHURIWKLVQHZPHGLXP

    FRXOGEHXQOHDVKHG

    2QH RI WKH DVSHFWV RI FRPSXWHU JUDSKLFV WKDW KDV EHHQ

    SDUWLFXODUO\ LQWHUHVWLQJ WR PH LV JHRPHWULF PRGHOLQJ 2EMHFWV

    PXVWEHPRGHOHGLQFRPSXWHUJUDSKLFVZKLFKLVDSUREOHPWKDW

    DOVR XQGHUOLHV FRPSXWHUDLGHG GHVLJQ DQG PDQXIDFWXUH

    )XUWKHUPRUHWKHIXQGDPHQWDOVGUDZIURPDUHDVRIPDWKHPDWLFV

    VXFK DV DSSUR[LPDWLRQ WKHRU\ DQG QXPHULFDO DQDO\VLV ,W KDVEHHQ UHZDUGLQJ RYHU WKH SDVW \HDUV WR VHH WKH LQWHUSOD\

    DPRQJWKHVHYDULRXVUHODWHGGLVFLSOLQHV

    0\RZQZRUNLQLQWURGXFLQJWKHLGHDRIJHRPHWULFFRQWLQXLW\

    DQGGHYHORSLQJWKH%HWDVSOLQHEDVHGRQWKLVPHDVXUHLQWHQGHGWR

    SURYLGH D FXUYH DQG VXUIDFH PRGHO H[SOLFLWO\ GHYHORSHG IRU

    FRPSXWHUJUDSKLFV UDWKHU WKDQ DGDSWLQJPHWKRGV WKDWKDGEHHQ

    FUHDWHG LQ RWKHU FRQWH[WV 0\XVH RI VKDSHSDUDPHWHUV KDG WKH

    JRDO RI LPSURYLQJ WKH XVHU LQWHUIDFH FRPSDUHG WR UHTXLULQJ WKH

    XVHU WR VSHFLI\ VKDSH WKURXJK OHVV LQWXLWLYH PHDQV VXFK DV

    GHULYDWLYHVDQGSRLQWVWKDWGRQRWOLHRQWKHFXUYHRUVXUIDFH

    ,Q UHFHQW \HDUV GXH WR P\ RZQ H\HVLJKW SUREOHP , KDYH

    EHFRPH LQWHUHVWHG LQ WKHELRPHGLFDO UROHRI FRPSXWHUJUDSKLFV

    +DYLQJDFRUQHDZLWKDVRPHZKDWLUUHJXODUVKDSHKDVPHDQWWKDW

    H\HJODVVHV GR QRW IXOO\ FRUUHFW P\ YLVLRQ FRQWDFW OHQVHV FDQ

    SURYLGH D VLJQLILFDQW LPSURYHPHQW EXW LURQLFDOO\ WKH VDPH

    LUUHJXODULW\ RI WKH FRUQHDO VKDSH WKDW LPSHGHV VKDUS YLVLRQ

    H[DFHUEDWHV WKH ILWWLQJ SURFHVV ,W WKHQ RFFXUUHG WRPH WKDW WKH

    SUREOHP RI PHDVXULQJ DQG PRGHOLQJ WKH VKDSH RI SDWLHQWV

    FRUQHDVDQGWKHGHVLJQRIFRQWDFWOHQVHVWRSURSHUO\ILWWKHPFRXOG

    EHQHILWIURPWKHLGHDVRIJHRPHWULFPRGHOLQJ)XUWKHUPRUHZLWKWKHUHFHQW LQWHUHVW LQ VXUJHU\ LQWHQGHG WR FRUUHFWYLVLRQ WKURXJK

    PRGLILFDWLRQRIWKHVKDSHRIWKHFRUQHDWKLVWRSLFLVYHU\FXUUHQW

    DQG RI JUHDW LQWHUHVW LQ WKH RSWRPHWU\ DQG RSKWKDOPRORJ\

    FRPPXQLWLHV

    7KHHYROXWLRQRIFRPSXWHUJUDSKLFVRYHUWKHSDVW\HDUVKDV

    EHHQ QRWKLQJ VKRUW RI PLQGERJJOLQJ )URP WKH SULPLWLYH

    ZLUHIUDPH LPDJHV RI WKDW SHULRG KDYH FRPH LPDJHV DQG

    DQLPDWLRQVZLWKLQFUHGLEOHILGHOLW\7KHROGFRPPHUFLDOWDJOLQHRI

    ,VLWUHDORULVLW0HPRUH["LVQRZWUDQVIRUPHGWR,VLWUHDORULV

    LWFRPSXWHUJUDSKLFV",PXVWFRQIHVVWKDWVRPHWLPHV,FDQQRWEH

    VXUHP\VHOI

    %ULDQ$%DUVN\KDVEHHQDSURIHVVRURIFRPSXWHUVFLHQFHDWWKH

    8QLYHUVLW\ RI&DOLIRUQLD DW%HUNHOH\ VLQFH +H LQWURGXFHG

    WKH%HWDVSOLQH KDV FRQWULEXWHG QXPHURXV DUWLFOHV RQ FRPSXWHU

    JUDSKLFVDQGZDV6LJJUDSKSDSHUVFKDLULQ+HLVFRDXWKRU

    RI0DNLQJ 7KHP0RYH0HFKDQLFV &RQWURO DQG $QLPDWLRQ RI

    $UWLFXODWHG )LJXUHV DQG$Q ,QWURGXFWLRQ WR 6SOLQHV IRU 8VH LQ

    &RPSXWHU *UDSKLFV DQG DXWKRU RI &RPSXWHU *UDSKLFV DQG

    *HRPHWULF0RGHOLQJ8VLQJ%HWD6SOLQHVKHDOVRVHUYHVDVHGLWRU

    IRU0RUJDQ.DXIPDQQVERRNVHULHVRQFRPSXWHUJUDSKLFV

    %ULDQ$%DUVN\FDQEHFRQWDFWHGDW

    &RPSXWHU6FLHQFH'LYLVLRQ

    8QLYHUVLW\RI&DOLIRUQLD%HUNHOH\&$86$

    HPDLOEDUVN\#FVEHUNHOH\HGX

    http://http.cs.berkeley.edu/~barsky/

    k

    A View of the CAD/CAM DevelopmentPeriodby Pierre Bzier

    Introduction7KHDGYHQWRI&$'&$0KDVEHHQZLWKRXWDQ\GRXEWRQHRIWKH

    PDMRUHYHQWVLQPHFKDQLFDOLQGXVWU\GXULQJWKLVKDOIFHQWXU\

    'HVFULELQJ LWV SUHVHQW VWDWH DQG IRUHVHHDEOH IXWXUH ZRXOG

    UHTXLUHTXLWHDQHQF\FORSHGLDKHQFHWKLVWH[WDLPVWRVKRZRQO\

    WKHRULJLQVRI&$'&$0LWVFDXVHDQGPHDQVHVSHFLDOO\LQWKH

    FDU LQGXVWU\ DQG SUHFLVHO\ LQ WKH GHILQLWLRQ WRROLQJ DQG

    SURGXFWLRQRIFDUERGLHV

    :KHQD V\VWHP LVXVHGZRUOGZLGH E\PLOOLRQV RISHRSOH DV

    &$'&$0LVQRZ RQH LVSURQH WRIRUJHW RUHYHQQRW WRKDYH

    NQRZQWKHEDVLFLGHDEHKLQGLW

    0D\EH UHPHPEHULQJD ORQJ SDVW SHULRG ZLOO KHOS WKRVHZKR

    DUHRUZLOOEHLQFKDUJHRIVKDSLQJWKHIXWXUHRILQGXVWU\

  • 7/28/2019 Graphic Remembrance

    4/17

    Graphics Remembrances

    ,((($QQDOVRIWKH+LVWRU\RI&RPSXWLQJ9RO1R

    Origin and Development,QLWLDWLQJDUDGLFDOFKDQJHDQG&$'&$0XQGRXEWHGO\ZDVRQH

    JHQHUDOO\QHHGVWZRFRQGLWLRQV

    WKHSHUFHSWLRQRIDPRUHRUOHVVXUJHQWUHTXLUHPHQWDQG WKH DGYHQW RI QHZ PHDQV DEOH WR KHOS VROYH WKH UHOHYDQWSUREOHPRUSUREOHPVWKHODVHUDQGWKHWUDQVLVWRUKDYHEHHQ

    WZRVXFKPHDQVIRUH[DPSOH

    Needs,QWKHPHFKDQLFDOLQGXVWU\FLUFDPRVWRIWKHYHU\DFFXUDWH

    VXUIDFHVZHUHGHILQHGE\OLQHVDQGFLUFOHVLHSODQHVF\OLQGHUV

    FRQHVVSKHUHVDQGWRULVRPHH[FHSWLRQVVXFKDVFDPVRUJHDU

    WHHWK IODQJHV ZHUH PDQXIDFWXUHG E\ PDFKLQH WRROV VSHFLDOO\

    GHVLJQHG IRU WKDW SXUSRVH FRS\JULQGLQJ RU JHDUFXWWLQJ

    PDFKLQHV 7KH GLPHQVLRQV ZHUH H[SUHVVHG ZLWK QXPEHUV

    FRPSOHWHZLWKOLPLWVDQGLQFOXGHGVWUDLJKWQHVVRXWRIURXQGHWF

    WKH OLPLWV VRPHWLPHV DPRXQWHG WR RU P RU

    WKRXVDQGWKRIDQ LQFKDQGVRPHWLPHVOHVV2WKHUIDFHVZHUHOHIW

    URXJK IURP WKH IRXQGU\ RU IRUJH WKHLU GLPHQVLRQV ZHUH RQO\

    DSSUR[LPDWHO\ GHILQHG DQG PXFK ZDV OHIW WR SDWWHUQ RU GLHPDNHUV/LQHVFLUFOHVDQGVRPHWHPSODWHVZHUHTXLWHFRQYHQLHQW

    LQVXFKFDVHVEXWZKHQWKHILHOGRIIOXLGG\QDPLFVEHFDPHYHU\

    LPSRUWDQW WKH VKDSH RI DLUFUDIW RU ERDW KXOOV QHHGHG JUHDWHU

    DFFXUDF\,QWKHDXWRPRWLYHLQGXVWU\WKHGHILQLWLRQRIDFDUERG\

    ZDV HQWLUHO\ GHSHQGHQW RQ WKH WDVWH H[SHULHQFH DQG VNLOO RI

    SHRSOH VXFK DV VW\OLVWV GHVLJQHUV GUDIWVPHQPHWKRGV ZRUNHUV

    DQG WRRO PDNHUV $V LW ZDV WKLQJV ZHUH UXQQLQJ VPRRWKO\

    DFFRUGLQJ WR D WUDGLWLRQ WKDW LQ :HVWHUQ (XURSH ZDV IRXU

    FHQWXULHVROG

    Some mechanical engineers did

    endeavor to inject some mathematicsinto the process.... But this would have

    required a large amount of computing

    at a time when the only equipment was

    crank- or motor-operated

    adding machines.

    2I FRXUVH WKH WUDQVPLVVLRQ RI GDWD IURP VW\OH WR GUDZLQJ

    RIILFHFOD\EXLOGLQJILQDOGUDZLQJSURGXFWLRQPDVWHUSURGXFWLRQ

    HQJLQHHULQJ HWF UHTXLUHG WKH KHOS RI GUDZLQJV WHPSODWHV DQG

    FRSLHV RIWKH'PDVWHU7KHVHZHUHQRWYHU\ DFFXUDWHRU HYHQ

    FRQVLVWHQWHDFKRSHUDWRUFRXOGLQWURGXFHDFKDQJHVRORQJDVLW

    ZDV GLIILFXOW WR GHWHFW DQG VPDOO HQRXJK VR DV QRW WR DOWHU WKH

    VW\OLVWV EDVLF FRQFHSWLRQ 7KLVZDV OLDEOH WR FUHDWH GLIILFXOWLHV

    EXW ODFNLQJ DPRUH VWDEOH GHILQLWLRQQRWKLQJ FRXOGEHGRQH WR

    LPSURYH WKH V\VWHP ,W ZDV FRQVLGHUHG XQDYRLGDEOH DV ZHUH

    PHDVOHVDQGZKRRSLQJFRXJKWKRXJKLWHQWDLOHGGHOD\VKDJJOLQJ

    DQGOHDGWLPH

    6RPH PHFKDQLFDO HQJLQHHUV GLG HQGHDYRU WR LQMHFW VRPH

    PDWKHPDWLFVLQWRWKHSURFHVVWUDQVODWLQJVRPHWULFNVRIWKHWUDGH

    %XW WKLVZRXOGKDYH UHTXLUHGD ODUJHDPRXQWRI FRPSXWLQJ DWD

    WLPH ZKHQ WKH RQO\ HTXLSPHQW ZDV FUDQN RU PRWRURSHUDWHG

    DGGLQJ PDFKLQHV GHULYHG IURP FDVK UHJLVWHUV QRW WR VSHDN RI

    %ROOpHRU%DEEDJHVPDFKLQHV )XUWKHUPRUHKDGD V\VWHPEHHQ

    GHYLVHGWKH UHDFWLRQRI RSHUDWRUVWREHZRXOGKDUGO\KDYHEHHQ

    HQWKXVLDVWLF

    /RRNLQJDWWKHVLWXDWLRQFRROO\QRWKLQJXVHIXOFRXOGEHGRQH

    XQWLOFRPSXWLQJVSHHGFRXOGEHLQFUHDVHGE\ILYHRUVL[RUGHUVRI

    PDJQLWXGH

    Means7KHFRPSXWLQJVSHHG LQFUHDVHZDV WULJJHUHGE\ VRPH SUREOHPV

    SRVHG WR WKH DUPDPHQW LQGXVWU\ 7KH UHVXOWZDV (1,$&ZKLFK

    ZDVD SRZHUIXOPDFKLQH EXWVXEMHFW WREUHDNGRZQV LWZDVQRW

    WRWDOO\UHOLDEOHDQG YHU\ IHZFRPSDQLHV FRXOG KDYHDIIRUGHG LW

    5HJDUGLQJ VRPH LQGXVWULDO DSSOLFDWLRQV LW KDG WDNHQ SDUW LQ WKH

    GHILQLWLRQRI VRPHYLWDOEXWYHU\GLIILFXOWSDUWVVXFKDV'FDPV

    DQGWXUELQHIRLOV

    $IWHUVRPHPDFKLQHWRROVZHUHHTXLSSHGZLWKQXPHULFDO

    FRQWUROEXWWKHPHFKDQLFDOLQGXVWU\ZDVQRWYHU\LQWHUHVWHG7KH

    IHGHUDOJRYHUQPHQWRUGHUHGRIWKHVHPDFKLQHWRROVHTXLSSHG

    ZLWKQXPHULFDOFRQWUROWREHOHQWIRUDV\PEROLFUHQWDOIHHWRD

    IHZFRPSDQLHV KRSLQJ WR MXPSVWDUW WKDW WHFKQLTXHZKLFK KDG

    VWUDWHJLFLPSRUWDQFHGXULQJWKHFROGZDU,QDVFRUHRIVXFK

    PDFKLQHV ZHUH GLVSOD\HG DW WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 0DFKLQH 7RRO

    ([KLELWLRQ KHOG LQ &KLFDJR 7KH QXPEHU RI WKRVH PDFKLQHV

    VLJQLILFDQWO\LQFUHDVHGDIWHUWKH&KLFDJRH[KLELWLRQ

    $W WKH EHJLQQLQJ WKRVH PDFKLQHV SHUIRUPHG SRLQWWRSRLQW

    GULOOLQJ UHDPLQJ ERULQJ RU WDSSLQJ WKHQ SDUWLDO PLOOLQJ

    DSSHDUHG,QIDFWWKLVZDVQRWDFWXDO&$'&$0EXWDFDVHRI

    SUHSDULQJ D VLPSOH SURJUDP IRU D UDWKHU HOHPHQWDU\ EDWFK RI

    RSHUDWLRQV

    2QH FDQ VWDWH WKDW DERXW QXPHULFDO FRQWURO FRXOG EH

    WUDQVIRUPHGLQWR&$0VLQFHWKHFRPSRQHQWVZHUHDYDLODEOHLH

    VHQVRUVFRPSXWHUVPRWRUV&57VHUYRFRQWUROOHUVPDFKLQHWRROV

    DQGPRUH

    ,W UHPDLQHG ZLWK WKRVH FRPSRQHQWV WR FUHDWH D FRPSOHWH

    V\VWHPDQGEXLOGXSWKHUHOHYDQWVRIWZDUH

    Choice,Q LQ WKH (XURSHDQ DXWRPRWLYH LQGXVWU\ WKH DFFHSWHG

    SUDFWLFH ZDV WKDW WKH 6W\OLQJ 'HSDUWPHQW KDG ILUVW WR WUDFH

    VNHWFKHV RI IXWXUH PRGHOV WKHQ GHYHORS WKHP LQWR IXOOVFDOH

    GUDZLQJV DQG VPDOOVFDOH WR FOD\ PRFNXSV 2Q WKH

    VHOHFWHG PRGHO RU PRGHOV RIIVHWV ZHUH PHDVXUHG IRU D ODUJH

    QXPEHU RI SRLQWV ORFDWHG RQ FURVVVHFWLRQV WKHQ RQ D ODUJH

    GUDZLQJ ERDUG PHWHUV IHHW WKHVH SRLQWV ZHUH

    WUDFHGIXOOVFDOHDQGZLWKWKHKHOSRIVZHHSVWHPSODWHVODWKHV

    DQG )UHQFK FXUYHV OLQHV ZHUH WUDFHG DQG WKHQ FRQYHUWHG LQWR

    SO\ZRRGWHPSODWHV WRPDNH WKH ULEV RU VNHOHWRQ RI WKH FOD\PRGHO7KHVHPRGHOVZHUHWKHQKDQGILQLVKHGE\KLJKO\VNLOOHG

    SODVWHUHUV 7KHPRGHOV FRXOG EHPRGLILHG DW WKH UHTXHVW RI WKH

    6W\OH 6DOHV RU 0DQDJHPHQW 'HSDUWPHQW HWF 7KHQ LW ZDV

    FRQVLGHUHGIUR]HQ DV WKHVD\LQJZDVWKHILQDOH[SUHVVLRQRI

    WKHVKDSHRIWKHVNLQRIWKHFDUERG\1H[WWKHGUDZLQJRIILFH

    LVVXHG WKHGUDZLQJRI HDFK SDUWRI WKHERG\ LQFOXGLQJ IUDPH

    LQQHUSDQHOVORFNVKLQJHVVHDOVDQGWKHEUDFNHWVKROGLQJWKH

    PHFKDQLFDO SDUWV SRZHU VWDWLRQ JHDUER[ VWHHULQJ V\VWHP

    D[OHVHWF)LQDOO\DPDVWHUPRGHOZDVEXLOWWREHFRPHWKHRQO\

    VWDQGDUGIRUDVORQJDVWKHFDUZRXOGEHLQSURGXFWLRQ

    $V RQH FDQ HDVLO\ LPDJLQH LW ZDV D ORQJ GLIILFXOW DQG

    SDLQVWDNLQJ WDVN UHTXLULQJ VNLOO H[SHULHQFH WDVWH DQG

    LPDJLQDWLRQ

  • 7/28/2019 Graphic Remembrance

    5/17

    ,((($QQDOVRIWKH+LVWRU\RI&RPSXWLQJ9RO1R

    7RRO HQJLQHHULQJ DQG PDQXIDFWXULQJ ZHUH QRW DQ\ HDVLHU

    PDLQO\EHFDXVH WKHGHILQLWLRQVZHUH H[SUHVVHG E\GUDZLQJVDQG

    E\FRSLHVRIWKHPDVWHUZKLFKZDVOLDEOHWRZDUSDVWLPHSDVVHG

    7RSXWLWLQDQXWVKHOOLWZDVDUDWKHUIX]]\DQGKD]\SURFHVV

    DQG LW \LHOGHG GLVFUHSDQFLHV GLVFRQWLQXLWLHV GHOD\V DQG DGGHG

    FRVWV

    7ZRZD\VDUH DYDLODEOHWR WKRVHZKRHQGHDYRU WR LPSURYHD

    SURFHVV

    $&RQVLGHUWKH GLIIHUHQW VWHSV LQYROYHGLQ WKHHQWLUHW\ RIWKH V\VWHP DQG LPSURYH RQH LWHP RU DQRWKHU WDNLQJ

    DGYDQWDJH RI WHFKQLTXHVRU UHFHQWO\GHYHORSHGPHDQV)RU

    LQVWDQFH FRQVLGHU WKH FDVH IRU PHDVXULQJ RIIVHWV WUDFLQJ

    VRPHFXUYHVRUPLOOLQJVWDPSLQJWRROV

    % )RUJHW WKH SDVW FOHDQ WKH EODFNERDUG DQG VWDUW IURPVFUDWFKWR EXLOG DFRPSOHWHDQG FRQVLVWHQW VROXWLRQWDNLQJ

    IXOO DGYDQWDJH RI WKH SRZHU RI UHFHQWO\ GHYHORSHG

    WHFKQLTXHV RIZKLFK WKH FRPSXWHUZDV WKH PRVW VWULNLQJ

    H[DPSOH

    2IFRXUVH6ROXWLRQ$ LV UHDVRQDEO\ VDIHDQG FDQEHDGDSWHG

    DFFRUGLQJ WR GLIILFXOWLHV DQG VXFFHVVHV PHW DV WLPH HYROYHV6ROXWLRQ% LVPXFKPRUH ULVN\ EXW LW FDQ \LHOG ULFK UHVXOWV LW

    UHPLQGV XVRI ILUVW RI&DY >WKH)LUVW&DYDOU\5HJLPHQWHG@

    DQGWKHKLJKO\UHVSHFWHG*HQHUDO*63DWWRQ

    This would mean that stylists would

    use computers to obtain drawings and

    3D models, be they small or large. Top

    management, including the Style

    Department, considered this point

    unrealistic and insane, to say the least.

    6ROXWLRQ$7KHEDVLFLGHDZDVWROHWWKHVW\OLVWVGUDZVNHWFKHV

    DQGEXLOG VPDOOVFDOHPRFNXSV7KHQ WKHGUDZLQJRIILFHZRXOG

    WUDFH FXUYHV UXQQLQJ WKURXJK PHDVXUHG SRLQWV DQG FRPSXWHU

    H[SHUWV ZRXOG H[SUHVV WKHVH FXUYHV ZLWK QXPEHUV LH YHFWRU

    FRHIILFLHQWV7KHVHFXUYHVZRXOGGHILQHDQHWFRYHULQJWKHFOD\

    PRGHO 7KHQ WKH\ ZRXOG H[SUHVV WKH SRLQWV FRQWDLQHG LQ HDFK

    PHVKRUSDWFKHQVXULQJWKHFRQWLQXLW\EHWZHHQDGMDFHQWSDWFKHV

    7KH VROXWLRQ ZDV LQYHQWHG E\ 6WHYHQ &RRQV DQG SXEOLVKHG LQ

    3URMHFW0$&75EXWLWFDQQRWEHWRWDOO\DXWRPDWLF,W

    LVZLGHO\XVHGDQGLVIDPRXVZRUOGZLGH

    2QH LPSRUWDQW WDVN ZDV WR JHW DQ DXWRPDWLF VROXWLRQ WR WKHSUREOHP RI UXQQLQJ D FXUYH WKURXJK JLYHQ SRLQWV 7KH VROXWLRQ

    ZDV LQYHQWHG E\ PDWKHPDWLFLDQV VXFK DV %LOO *RUGRQ 5LFK

    5LHVHQIHOG(ODLQH&RKHQ(YHQ0HKOXP5RELQ)RUUHVW&KDUOHV

    /DQJ 0DOFROP 6DELQ $QGUHZ $UPLW *HUDOG )DULQ 5REHUW

    %DUQKLOO/HV3LHJODQG%ULDQ%DUVN\DQGRIFRXUVHE\&RRQV

    7KHFXUYHVZHUHVSOLQHVEXWGLIIHUHQWYDULHWLHVDSSHDUHGXQLIRUP

    RUQRQXQLIRUP VSOLQHV%HWDVSOLQHV1XVSOLQHV DQGVRPHZKDW

    ODWHU QRQXQLIRUP UDWLRQDO %VSOLQHV 185%6 6LQFH QR

    DOJRULWKP LV SHUFHQW UREXVW SLHFHZLVH FXUYHV KDG WR EH

    VPRRWKHGE\WKHDUELWUDU\GHFLVLRQRIDQRSHUDWRUWU\LQJWRPDNH

    FXUYHVVZHHWFOHDQDQGIDLU7KHXVHRIVRPDQ\ZRUGVIRU

    H[SUHVVLQJWKHVDPHLGHDJHQHUDOO\PHDQVWKDWWKHLGHDLVQRWYHU\

    FOHDU LQ WKLV FDVH LW VKRZV WKDW D V\VWHP FDQQRW EH WRWDOO\

    DXWRPDWLF

    7RJLYHFUHGLWWRZKRPFUHGLWLVGXHLWVKRXOGEHQRWHGWKDWDV

    HDUO\ DV 3DXO GH &DVWHOMDX DQ RXWVWDQGLQJ DQG WUXH

    PDWKHPDWLFLDQKDG LQYHQWHGDSHUIHFWO\FRUUHFWV\VWHPEDVHGRQ

    %HUQVWHLQV IXQFWLRQV EXW&LWURsQ IRUZKLFK KHZRUNHG DW WKDW

    WLPHZDVYHU\VHFUHWLYHDQG WKHUHVXOWVZHUHQRWGLVFORVHGXQWLO

    GHSULYLQJKLPRIKLVOHJLWLPDWHUHSXWDWLRQDQGIDPH6ROXWLRQ%$W5HQDXOWDVPDOOJURXSYHU\VPDOOLQGHHGRI

    PHFKDQLFDO DQG HOHFWULFDO HQJLQHHUV WKRXJKW WKDW WKURXJKRXW WKH

    SURFHVVRIFDUERG\SURGXFWLRQIURPWKH6W\OH'HSDUWPHQWGRZQ

    WRLQVSHFWLRQDWWKHH[LWVWDWLRQRIWKHDVVHPEO\OLQHLQIRUPDWLRQ

    DQG GDWD VKRXOG EH FDUULHG H[FOXVLYHO\ E\ QXPEHUV RI FRXUVH

    GUDZLQJV DQG ' PRGHOV ZRXOG UHPDLQ XVHIXO EXW RQO\ DV D

    FRPSOHPHQWDQGDQH[SODQDWLRQIRUWKHEHQHILWRIRSHUDWRUV

    7KLVZRXOGPHDQ WKDWVW\OLVWVZRXOGXVHFRPSXWHUV WRREWDLQ

    GUDZLQJV DQG ' PRGHOV EH WKH\ VPDOO RU ODUJH 7RS

    PDQDJHPHQW LQFOXGLQJ WKH 6W\OH 'HSDUWPHQW FRQVLGHUHG WKLV

    SRLQWXQUHDOLVWLFDQGLQVDQHWRVD\WKHOHDVW

    7KHV\VWHPQHHGHGWRIXOILOOWKHIROORZLQJFRQGLWLRQV

    GHILQH VSDFH FXUYHV GLUHFWO\ DQG QRW MXVW E\ FRXSOHV RISURMHFWLRQV

    EH HDVLO\ XQGHUVWRRG DQG JUDVSHG E\ VW\OLVWV GHVLJQHUVGUDIWVPHQDQGPHWKRGVSHRSOHKDYLQJD IDLUNQRZOHGJHRI

    HOHPHQWDU\JHRPHWU\

    WUDFHDFXUYHLQDPDWWHURIVHFRQGVDFRXSOHRIPLQXWHVDWWKHPRVW LW VKRXOG EHUHPHPEHUHG WKDW OD\LQJ D ODWK ILYH

    PHWHUVIHHWORQJZLWKGXFNVPLJKWKDYHWDNHQWZRWR

    IRXUKRXUV

    FDUYH6W\URIRDPDWWKHUDWHRIRQHVTXDUHPHWHUVTXDUHIHHW DQKRXURQD VSHFLDOO\ GHYLVHGPLOOLQJPDFKLQHWKH

    IHHG RI ZKLFK ZRXOG EH DERXW PPVHFRQG

    IHHWPLQXWHDQG ZRUNLQDQLQWHUDFWLYHPRGH

    7KLVODVWUHTXLUHPHQWPHDQWWKDWDPHGLXPVFDOHFRPSXWHUZRXOG

    QHHGWREHDYDLODEOHKRXUVDGD\&LUFDVXFKDYLHZSRLQW

    ZDVFRQVLGHUHGWRWDOO\KHWHURGR[VLQFHWKHDFFHSWHGSUDFWLFHLQD

    FRPSDQ\ZDVWRKDYHDYHU\ODUJHFRPSXWHUZRUNLQJIRUGLIIHUHQW

    VHUYLFHV ILUVW IRU DGPLQLVWUDWLYH VHUYLFHV DFFRXQWLQJ PDLO

    LQYRLFLQJ VWDWLVWLFV DQGSHUVRQQHO DQG WKHQ ODWHU IRU WHFKQLFDO

    GHYHORSPHQWZKHQWLPHSHUPLWWHG

    7KHFRVWRIWKHPLQLPDOSURWRW\SHHTXLSPHQWLHDGUDZLQJ

    PDFKLQH D VSHFLDO PLOOLQJ PDFKLQH D VLPSOH FRPSXWHU DQG

    HOHPHQWDU\ VRIWZDUH ZDV VXSSRVHG WR DPRXQW WR

    5HQDXOWOLPLWHGLWVULVNWRDQGWKHSURMHFWFDUULHGIRUWK

    ZLWKKHOSIURPDFRPSDQ\SURGXFLQJPHGLXPVL]HFRPSXWHUVDQGIURP '*567 )UDQFHV *HQHUDO $JHQF\ IRU 6FLHQWLILF DQG

    7HFKQLFDO5HVHDUFK

    Prototype Equipment7R GHVLJQ D GUDZLQJ PDFKLQH DQG D PLOOLQJ PDFKLQH ZDV D

    WULYLDO SUREOHP IRU ZHOOWUDLQHG PHFKDQLFDO HQJLQHHUV WKH

    VHUYRFRQWUROOHUFRQGLWLRQVZHUHPRUHH[DFWLQJEXWWKHSUREOHP

    ZDV ILQDOO\ VROYHG 7KH PDWKHPDWLFDO SUREOHP KRZHYHU

    UHPDLQHG 7KH FRPSDQ\ VWDII LQFOXGHG VRPH SURIHVVLRQDO

    PDWKHPDWLFLDQVZKRFRXOG QRGRXEW VROYH LWEXW WKH\ ZHUH

    QRWLQWHUHVWHG6RWKHSUREOHPZDVGHDOWZLWKE\HQJLQHHUVZKR

    ZHUH QRW EDG DW PDWK EXW ZHUH IDU IURP FKDUWHUHG

  • 7/28/2019 Graphic Remembrance

    6/17

    Graphics Remembrances

    ,((($QQDOVRIWKH+LVWRU\RI&RPSXWLQJ9RO1R

    PDWKHPDWLFLDQV7KHPDWKHPDWLFDOVROXWLRQZDVGHYHORSHGDQG

    WHVWHGZLWKWKHKHOSRIDVPDOOSORWWHU

    ,QWKHUHTXLUHGDPRXQWRIPRQH\EHFDPHDYDLODEOHDQG

    VRWKHPDQXIDFWXULQJRIWKHHTXLSPHQWEHJDQLWZDVGHOLYHUHGLQ

    $SULODQGWKHQWRRNDERXWDVHPHVWHUWRDGMXVWDQGGHEXJ,Q

    LWZDVFRQFOXGHGWKDWLWFRXOGEHXVHGLQWKHGUDZLQJRIILFH

    DQG LQ PHWKRGV )LYH GUDZLQJ PDFKLQHV DQG DV PDQ\ PLOOLQJ

    PDFKLQHVZHUHRUGHUHGEXLOWDQGFRPPLVVLRQHGLQ'XULQJ WKUHH \HDUV WKHV\VWHPZDVRSHUDWHGLQ SDUDOOHOZLWK

    WKH WUDGLWLRQDO PHWKRG VR DV WR PDNH D VRXQG FRPSDULVRQ ,Q

    LWZDVGHFLGHGWRPDNHWKHELJFKDQJHDIWHUKDYLQJORRNHG

    WZLFHRUWKULFH

    ,Q IDFW GHVLJQHUVDQG GUDIWVPHQZHUH UDSLGO\FRQYLQFHGWKDW

    WKHV\VWHPZDVHDV\WRXVHDQGPRUHFRPIRUWDEOH,WWRRNPXFK

    PRUHWLPHIRUWKHVWDIIHVSHFLDOO\WKHVW\OLVWVWRDGPLWWKDWLWZDV

    UHDOO\XVHIXO

    %XWDV5XG\DUG.LSOLQJVDLG7KDWLVDQRWKHUVWRU\

    Conclusion7KH V\VWHP DW WKDW WLPH QDPHG 81,685) ZDV RIILFLDOO\

    DFFHSWHGDQG VLQFH WKHQ KDV EHHQ H[SDQGHGPRUH WKDQ IROG

    2QHFDQVDIHO\DGPLWWKDWLWWRWDOO\UHSODFHGWKHSUHYLRXVPHWKRG

    LW OHDYHV WKH VW\OLVWV IUHH WR H[SUHVV WKHLU ILUVW LQWHQWLRQV ZLWK

    KDQGPDGHVNHWFKHVGUDZLQJVDQGVPDOOVFDOHPRFNXSVEXWIURP

    WKDW VWDWH RQ DQ\ SUHFLVH LQIRUPDWLRQ RU GDWXP LV H[SUHVVHG

    H[FOXVLYHO\E\QXPEHUV

    It came from the ability to work, think,

    and react in the rigid Cartesian world of

    machine tools and, at the same time, in

    the more flexible,n

    -dimensionalparametric world.

    7KHRULJLQDOVRIWZDUHZKLFKZDVOLPLWHGE\WKHSRZHURIWKH

    VHFRQG RU WKLUG"KDQG FRPSXWHU KDVEHHQJUHDWO\H[SDQGHG

    185%6KDYHEHHQLQFRUSRUDWHGZLWKRWKHUVROXWLRQV

    0DQ\V\VWHPVQRZH[LVWVRPHRIZKLFKKDYHVRPHVLPLODULW\

    ZLWKWKDWRI5HQDXOW7KH\DUHXVHGWKHZRUOGRYHUDQGLQYDULRXV

    LQGXVWULHV

    ,QVWHDGRIORRNLQJDW WKHPLQGHWDLOLWVHHPVPRUHFRQYHQLHQW

    WR FRQVLGHU WKH UHDVRQV IRU ZKLFK D PLQXWH PDNHVKLIW SURMHFW

    LQLWLDWHG E\ D YHU\ VPDOO JURXS RI PHFKDQLFDO DQG HOHFWULFDO

    HQJLQHHUVKDVEHHQVRPHZKDWVXFFHVVIXO

    /RRNLQJ EDFN DW WKRVH \HDUV LW LV SRVVLEOH WR

    SHUFHLYHVRPHVDOLHQWSRLQWV

    0HFKDQLFDOHQJLQHHUVGHILQHVKDSHVZLWKGLPHQVLRQVDQGOLPLWVWKDWOHDYHQRSODFHIRUGLVFXVVLRQWKH\WKRXJKWWKDWLWZRXOGEH

    DJRRGWKLQJWRXVHWKHVDPHSULQFLSOHIRUFDUERGLHV

    7KH\ILJXUHGWKDWLWZDVXUJHQWWRGRDZD\ZLWKDFHQWXULHVROGV\VWHPVFUDSLWFOHDQWKHEODFNERDUGDQGVWDUWIURPVFUDWFK

    7KH\KDGEHHQLQPRVWRIWKHWUDGHVWKDWZRXOGEHLQYROYHGLQ WKH V\VWHPWREH SDWWHUQ PDNHUV IRXQGU\ DQG IRUJH

    KDQGV WRRO VHWWHUV PDFKLQH WRRO RSHUDWRUV GUDIWVPHQ

    GHVLJQHUV HOHFWULFLDQV VHUYRFRQWURO VSHFLDOLVWV HWF

    &RQVHTXHQWO\ WKH\FRXOG LPDJLQH WKH UHDFWLRQV RI SHRSOH

    ZKRZRXOGWDNHSDUWLQWKHQHZSURFHVVDQGFRXOGWDNHWKHLU

    UHDFWLRQVLQWRDFFRXQW7KHRQO\SHRSOHWKH\KDGQRWPHW

    EHFDXVH RI WKH QHHG WR NHHS QHZ GHVLJQV VHFUHWZHUH

    VW\OLVWV EXW ERG\ GHVLJQHUV KDG H[SODLQHG WKHLU EHKDYLRU

    MXGJPHQWDQGVRPHWLPHVZKLPDQGVXSHUVWLWLRQ

    $Q\VROXWLRQZRXOGUHTXLUHDFHUWDLQDPRXQWRIPDWK7KHSUREOHPZDVWRGHILQHVSDFHFXUYHVDQGWKHQSDWFKHV7KH

    EDVLFLGHDKDGEHHQWRFKRRVHDQRWWRRFRPSOLFDWHGFXUYH

    DQGPRGLI\LWWRREWDLQDFRQYHQLHQWVKDSH0RGLILFDWLRQRI

    DFXUYHZDVDFFRPSOLVKHGQRWE\DOWHULQJWKHGHILQLWLRQRI

    WKHFXUYHEXWE\GLVWRUWLQJWKH&DUWHVLDQFXEHLQZKLFKLW

    ZDV RULJLQDOO\ GHILQHG )RU WKH VDNH RI VLPSOLFLW\ WKH

    GLVWRUWLRQRIWKHFXEHZRXOGEHOLQHDURUDIILQH+HQFHWKH

    FXEHZRXOGEHFRPHDSDUDOOHOHSLSHGSSSGLQWRZKLFKWKH

    FRRUGLQDWHVRI DSRLQWZRXOG UHPDLQ WKH VDPHDVWKRVH RI

    WKHFRUUHVSRQGLQJSRLQWRIWKHLQLWLDOFXUYH

    $SSSGLVGHILQHGE\WKUHHYHFWRUVKDYLQJWKHVDPHRULJLQ+HQFHGLVWRUWLQJDSSSGUHTXLUHVPRYLQJRQO\IRXUSRLQWV

    7KHQHZVHWRIFRRUGLQDWHVLHWKHSSSGLVUHODWHGWRWKH

    &DUWHVLDQ VHW RI WKH PDFKLQH WKURXJK D

    PDWUL[ WKHRSHUDWRULVIUHHWRFKRRVHLQZKLFKVHWKHZDQWVWRZRUN

    ,QVWHDGRIGHILQLQJD SSSGZLWKWKUHH YHFWRUV LVVXHG IURPWKH VDPH SRLQW LW VHHPHG VLPSOHKRZ VLPSOHWR SXW

    WKRVHYHFWRUVHQGWRHQGWKXVEXLOGLQJDQRSHQSRO\JRQWKH

    VKDSHRIZKLFKPLPLFVWKDWRIWKHFRUUHVSRQGLQJFXUYH

    ,WEHFDPHHYLGHQWWKDWWKHQHZYHFWRUVZHUHQRWFRPSHOOHGWREH OLQHDUO\LQGHSHQGHQW,W ZDVSRVVLEOHWR LQFUHDVHWKH

    QXPEHU RI SRO\JRQ OHJV WKXV LQFUHDVLQJ WKH YDULHW\ RI

    FXUYHVDYDLODEOH

    'HILQLQJVXUIDFHVRUSDWFKHVDVIRFLRISDUDPHWULFFXUYHVZDV VWUDLJKWIRUZDUG 7KH ZKROH V\VWHP ZDV H[SDQGHG WR

    SURYLGH VORSH RU FXUYDWXUH FRQWLQXLW\ EHWZHHQ DGMDFHQW

    SDWFKHV 1RZ QR GD\ SDVVHV ZLWKRXW WH[WV RU ERRNVGHVFULELQJQHZSRVVLELOLWLHVRI&$'&$0

    7RVXP XSWKHEDVLF LGHDVRI WKH V\VWHP LWFDQEHVDLGWKDWLW

    FDPHIURPWKHDELOLW\WRZRUNWKLQNDQGUHDFWLQWKHULJLG&DUWHVLDQ

    ZRUOGRIPDFKLQHWRROVDQGDWWKHVDPHWLPHLQWKHPRUHIOH[LEOH

    QGLPHQVLRQDOSDUDPHWULFZRUOG,WLVHYHQSRVVLEOHWRLPDJLQHWKDW

    DQREMHFWGHILQHGLQD&DUWHVLDQ'VSDFHFRXOGEHLQVHUWHGLQWRD

    WULSDUDPHWULF VSDFH WKDW FDQ EH WZLVWHG DQG ZDUSHG H[DFWO\ DV D

    SDWFK LV D WZLVWHG VTXDUH LQVFULEHG LQ D GLSDUDPHWULF VSDFH 7KLV

    QRWLRQVKRXOGEHKDQGOHGZLWKFDUHEHFDXVHLWLVOLDEOHWRUDLVHWKH

    ILQDO&DUWHVLDQGHILQLWLRQWRDQXQPDQDJHDEOHRUGHU

    0LJUDWLRQ EHWZHHQ WZR GLIIHUHQW ZRUOGV LV UHPLQLVFHQW RI WKH

    VWRU\RI$OLFHLQ:RQGHUODQG7KHPLUURULVWKHERUGHUEHWZHHQKHU

    VRXQGKRPHZRUOGDQGWKHVHQVHOHVVZRUOGLQZKLFKVKHPHHWVWKH6QDUNWKH4XHHQRI6SDGHVWKH0DG+DWWHUDQGWKH&KHVKLUH&DW

    $IWHU DOO /HZLV &DUUROO ZDV WKH QRP GH SOXPH RI &KDUOHV

    'RGJVRQZKRZDVDOVRDSURIHVVRURIPDWKHPDWLFV

    3LHUUH%p]LHULVRQHRIDYHU\IHZSHRSOHZKRVHQDPHUHVLGHVLQWKH

    OH[LFRQRIFRPSXWHUJUDSKLFV+HKDVWDXJKWDXWKRUHGERRNVGLUHFWHG

    WKH5HQDXOWFDUFRPSDQ\DQGRIFRXUVHSURYLGHGWKHZRUOGZLWKWKH

    ILUVWUREXVWPHWKRGIRUIUHHIRUPVXUIDFHGHVLJQ,QKHUHFHLYHG

    WKH6WHYHQ&RRQVDZDUG6LJJUDSKVKLJKHVWKRQRU

    3LHUUH%p]LHUFDQEHFRQWDFWHGDW

    DY*RXUJDXG

    3DULV)UDQFH

  • 7/28/2019 Graphic Remembrance

    7/17

    ,((($QQDOVRIWKH+LVWRU\RI&RPSXWLQJ9RO1R

    k

    The Emergence of NURBSby Robin Forrest, KDYH EHHQ IRUWXQDWH WR SDUWLFLSDWH LQ VRPH VLJQLILFDQW

    GHYHORSPHQWV LQFRPSXWHUJUDSKLFV(OVHZKHUH ,KDYHGHVFULEHG

    WKHRULJLQVRIWKH%HUQVWHLQIRUPRIWKH%p]LHUFXUYHWKHIRUPWKDWLV QRZ XQLYHUVDO DQG KRZ WKDW OHG WR WKH XVH RI %VSOLQHV IRU

    FRPSXWHUDLGHGJHRPHWULFGHVLJQ&$*'$VHFRQGWKUHDGLVWKH

    HPHUJHQFH RI QRQXQLIRUP UDWLRQDO %VSOLQHV 185%6 DV WKH

    VWDQGDUGFXUYH IRUPIRU&$*'185%6 IROORZHGORJLFDOO\5LFK

    5LHVHQIHOGVZRUNDW 6\UDFXVH8QLYHUVLW\.-9HUVSULOOHVWKHVLV

    RQ UDWLRQDO VSOLQHV DQG /& .QDSSV WKHVLV RQ QRQXQLIRUP

    VSOLQHV

    $V D JUDGXDWH VWXGHQW LQ WKH 0DWKHPDWLFDO /DERUDWRU\ DW

    &DPEULGJH 8QLYHUVLW\ ,ZDV XUJHG WR VHHN KHOS RQFXUYHV DQG

    VXUIDFHV IURP LQKRXVHPDWKHPDWLFLDQV+3) 6ZLQQHUWRQ'\HU

    DGPLWWHG,KDGDSUREOHPEXWVDLGWKDWVXFKJHRPHWU\KDGEHHQLQ

    YRJXHDWWKHWXUQRIWKHFHQWXU\EXWZDVQRORQJHURILQWHUHVWDQG

    -&3 0LOOHU WKH QRWHG FRPSLOHU RI PDWKHPDWLFDO WDEOHV

    VXJJHVWHGWKDW,ZRXOGILQGDOOWKHDQVZHUVLQWKHPDQXDOIRUWKH

    %UXQVYLJDFDOFXODWRU+HOSRIDWRWDOO\GLIIHUHQWQDWXUHFDPH

    ZKHQ , VSHQW D VXPPHU DW WKH 0DVVDFKXVHWWV ,QVWLWXWH RI

    7HFKQRORJ\ZRUNLQJZLWK6WHYHQ&RRQV

    Sutherland used to tease me about

    being at the technical school down the

    road, until I pointed out that all his

    degrees were from technical schools.

    :KHQ , DUULYHG LQ WKH RWKHU &DPEULGJH , ZDV VRPHZKDWVXUSULVHGWRILQGWKDW&RRQVZDVRQVDEEDWLFDOOHDYHEXWDVWKLV

    ZDV MXVW XS WKH URDG DW +DUYDUG 8QLYHUVLW\ , ZDV UHDVVXUHG

    &RRQVZDVZRUNLQJZLWK,YDQ6XWKHUODQGZKRKDGJDWKHUHG%RE

    6SURXOO'DQQ\&RKHQDQG7HG/HHWRZRUNZLWKKLP6XWKHUODQG

    XVHG WR WHDVHPHDERXWEHLQJDW WKH WHFKQLFDO VFKRRO GRZQ WKH

    URDGXQWLO,SRLQWHGRXWWKDWDOOKLVGHJUHHVZHUHIURPWHFKQLFDO

    VFKRROV&DUQHJLH7HFKWKH&DOLIRUQLD,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\DQG

    0,7&RRQVKDGDUUDQJHGIRUPHWRKDYHDQRIILFHLQ3URMHFW0$&

    QH[W WR'RXJ5RVVZKR OHG WKH$('*URXS EXWP\VWDWXVZDV

    HQLJPDWLF YLVLWLQJ UHVHDUFK VWXGHQWV EHLQJ DQ XQNQRZQ FDWHJRU\

    &RRQVVROYHGP\SUREOHPE\SHUVXDGLQJWKHDXWKRULWLHVWRGHFODUH

    PHDYLVLWLQJUHVHDUFKIHOORZKHQFHERRVWLQJP\UpVXPp

    ,Q WKH VXPPHU RI &RRQVZDV ZRUNLQJ RQ WKH IDPRXVOLWWOHUHGERRN

    0$&75ZKLFKGHVSLWHLWV-XQHGDWHGLG

    QRWDSSHDUXQWLOWKHIDOO/*5REHUWVIROORZLQJKLVLQWURGXFWLRQ

    RI KRPRJHQHRXV FRRUGLQDWHV WR FRPSXWHU JUDSKLFV KDG

    GHPRQVWUDWHG WKDW FRQLF DUFV FRXOG EH UHSUHVHQWHG DV UDWLRQDO

    SDUDPHWULF TXDGUDWLF IXQFWLRQV $W %RHLQJ 06 5RZLQ KDG

    GHYHORSHG WKH 7FRQLF ZKLFK PHUJHG WKH SDUDPHWULF FXELF

    FXUYHVRI-&)HUJXVRQZLWKWKHFRQLFDUFVWKHQFRQYHQWLRQDOO\

    XVHG LQDLUFUDIWORIWLQJ7FRQLFVZHUHUDWLRQDOSDUDPHWULFFXELFV

    ZLWK D TXDGUDWLF GHQRPLQDWRU WKDW HQDEOHG WKH KRPRJHQHRXV

    FRPSRQHQWWREHFRQWUROOHGE\DVLQJOHVKDSHIDFWRUUHODWHGWRWKH

    FRQLFVKDSHIDFWRU7KLVQHDWO\DYRLGHGSUREOHPVZLWKDV\PSWRWHV

    EXW UHGXFHG WKH JHQHUDOLW\ RI WKH FXUYH &RRQVDQG , VSHQW WKH

    VXPPHURIGHYHORSLQJWKHUDWLRQDOFXELFIRUP0\SDUWLFXODU

    FRQFHUQZDV WR GLVFRYHU KRZ EHVW WR VSHFLI\ WKH KRPRJHQHRXV

    FRHIILFLHQWV WKDW JDYH H[WUD GHJUHHV RI IUHHGRP LQ FRQWUROOLQJ

    FXUYH VKDSH 7KXV P\ 3K' WKHVLV FRQWDLQV UHFLSHV IRU

    GHILQLQJ VWUDLJKW OLQHV DQG FLUFXODU HOOLSWLF SDUDEROLF DQG

    K\SHUEROLF DUFV LQ UDWLRQDO FXELF WHUPV H[SORUHV PHDQV IRU

    UHSDUDPHWHUL]LQJ UDWLRQDOFXELFVZKLOH UHWDLQLQJ WKHVDPHVKDSH

    VSOLWWLQJFXUYHVIRUVXEVHTXHQWUHILQHPHQWDQGGLVFXVVHVWKHXVHRIUDWLRQDOEOHQGLQJIXQFWLRQVWRFRQWUROSDWFKLQWHULRUVKDSH

    /HHV +DUYDUG WKHVLV GHDOW ZLWK UDWLRQDO ELFXELF VXUIDFH

    SDWFKHV)XUWKHUZRUNRQFRQWUROOLQJWKHVKDSHRIDUDWLRQDOFXELF

    E\VSHFLI\LQJWKHLQWHUVHFWLRQRIWKHFXUYHZLWKDSODQHGHILQHGE\

    WKH WDQJHQW SRLQWV DQG WKH PLGFKRUG DSSHDUHGDV D&DPEULGJH

    &$' *URXS GRFXPHQW LQ &RRQVPRYHG WR 6\UDFXVH LQ

    DQG VHQW 5LHVHQIHOG WR ZRUN ZLWK PH DW &DPEULGJH DV D

    YLVLWLQJUHVHDUFKVWXGHQWLQWKHVXPPHURIDQG.QDSSLQWKH

    VXPPHU RI $V D YLVLWLQJ SURIHVVRU DW 6\UDFXVH , ZDV

    UHVSRQVLEOHZLWK&RRQVIRUWKHVXSHUYLVLRQRI5LHVHQIHOGVWKHVLV

    UHVHDUFKRQ%VSOLQHVGXULQJ

    $ FKDUDFWHULVWLF RI PXFK RI WKH HDUO\ ZRUN LQ FRPSXWHU

    JUDSKLFV DQG &$*' ZDV WKH PRGH RI SXEOLFDWLRQ :LWK IHZH[FHSWLRQVZRUN ZDV UHSRUWHG DV WKHVHV WHFKQLFDO UHSRUWV DQG

    FRPSDQ\ LQWHUQDO GRFXPHQWV UDWKHU WKDQ LQ MRXUQDOV DQG DW

    FRQIHUHQFHV7KHUHODWLYHO\VPDOOFRPPXQLW\ZRUNLQJLQWKHDUHD

    PDQDJHGWRFRPPXQLFDWHYLDZRUGRIPRXWKDQGE\H[FKDQJLQJ

    SDSHUVWKRXJKWWREHRIPXWXDOLQWHUHVW7KH5HSRUW/LEUDU\WKDW,

    VWDUWHGDW&DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\VRRQEHFDPHZLGHO\NQRZQDQG

    LQVRPHFDVHVRWKHUVXVHGLWDVDUHSRVLWRU\RIPDWHULDOIRUUHFRUG

    ,WLVDVRXUFHRIUHJUHWWKDWPXFKRIWKHPDWHULDOJDWKHUHGLQWKH

    VDQGHDUO\VKDVQHYHUEHHQSXEOLVKHG LQFRQYHQWLRQDO

    IRUP

    References>@ 6$&RRQV6XUIDFHVIRU&RPSXWHU$LGHG'HVLJQRI6SDFH)RUPV

    0,73URMHFW0$&0$&75-XQH>@ -& )HUJXVRQ 0XOWL9DULDEOH &XUYH ,QWHUSRODWLRQ %RHLQJ '

    -XO\ /DWHU SXEOLVKHG LQ- $&0 YRO QR SS$SU

    >@ $5)RUUHVW&XUYHVDQG6XUIDFHVIRU&RPSXWHU$LGHG'HVLJQ3K'WKHVLV&DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\&$'*URXS-XO\

    >@ $5 )RUUHVW 7KH 7ZLVWHG &XELF &XUYH &DPEULGJH 8QLYHUVLW\&$'*URXS 'RFXPHQW 1RY /DWHU SXEOLVKHG DV 7KH7ZLVWHG &XELF &XUYH $ &RPSXWHU$LGHG *HRPHWULF 'HVLJQ$SSURDFK&RPSXWHU$LGHG'HVLJQYROQRSS-XO\

    >@ $5)RUUHVW,QWHUDFWLYH,QWHUSRODWLRQDQG$SSUR[LPDWLRQE\%p]LHU3RO\QRPLDOV&RPSXWHU$LGHG'HVLJQYROQRSS1RY

    >@ /& .QDSS $ 'HVLJQ 6FKHPH 8VLQJ &RRQV 6XUIDFHV :LWK1RQXQLIRUP%DVLV%6SOLQH&XUYHV3K'WKHVLV6\UDFXVH8QLYHUVLW\

    >@ 703/HH$&ODVV RI6XUIDFHV IRU&RPSXWHU'LVSOD\3K'WKHVLV+DUYDUG8QLYHUVLW\

    >@ 5) 5LHVHQIHOG $SSOLFDWLRQV RI %6SOLQH $SSUR[LPDW LRQ WR*HRPHWULF 3UREOHPV RI &$' 3K' WKHVLV 6\UDFXVH 8QLYHUVLW\

    >@ /* 5REHUWV +RPRJHQHRXV 0DWUL[ 5HSUHVHQWDWLRQ DQG WKH0DQLSXODWLRQ RI Q'LPHQVLRQDO &RQVWUXFWV 0,7 /LQFROQ/DERUDWRULHV060D\

    >@ 06 5RZLQ &RQLF &XELF DQG 7&RQLF 6HJPHQWV %RHLQJ '$SU

    >@ .-9HUVSULOOH&RPSXWHU$LGHG'HVLJQ$SSOLFDWLRQVRIWKH5DWLRQDO%6SOLQH $SSUR[LPDWLRQ )RUP 3K' WKHVLV 6\UDFXVH 8QLYHUVLW\)HE

  • 7/28/2019 Graphic Remembrance

    8/17

    Graphics Remembrances

    ,((($QQDOVRIWKH+LVWRU\RI&RPSXWLQJ9RO1R

    5RELQ )RUUHVW LV D IRXQGLQJ IDWKHU RIFRPSXWDWLRQDO JHRPHWU\

    DQGQRWHGDXWKRULW\RQ &$*' SXEOLVKLQJ LQ WKHDUHDV RIFXUYH

    DQGVXUIDFHUHSUHVHQWDWLRQDQWLDOLDVLQJDQGYLVXDOL]DWLRQ+HLVD

    SURIHVVRUDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI(DVW$QJOLD8QLWHG.LQJGRP

    5RELQ)RUUHVWFDQEHFRQWDFWHGDW

    8QLYHUVLW\RI(DVW$QJOLD

    6FKRRORI,QIRUPDWLRQ6\VWHPV

    8QLYHUVLW\3ODLQ1RUZLFK

    1RUZLFK157-(QJODQG

    HPDLOIRUUHVW#V\VXHDDFXN

    k

    My Six Years to Evert a Sphereby Nelson Max2QHRIWKHKLJKSRLQWVRIWKH6LJJUDSKFRQIHUHQFHLVDOZD\VWKH

    ILOP VKRZ EHFDXVH LW LOOXVWUDWHV WKH ODWHVW PRGHOLQJ UHQGHULQJ

    DQGDQLPDWLRQ WHFKQLTXHV DQG DOVR WKH UDZFRPSXWHUDOJRULWKPSRZHUWRJHQHUDWHRUIUDPHVSHUDQLPDWHGVHFRQG7KH

    ILOPVWKDWMXPSRXWRIP\PHPRU\IURPSDVWILOPVKRZVDUHWKH

    IROORZLQJ

    DPDQMXJJOLQJIURP,QIRUPDWLRQ,QWHUQDWLRQDO,QF WKHILUVWWDONLQJKXPDQQDPHO\DQDJLQJVLQJHUSLDQRSOD\HUUHPLQLVFLQJ7RQ\GH3HOWULHE\3KLOLSSH%HUJHURQHWDO

    D IOLJKW WKURXJK IUDFWDO PRXQWDLQV 9RO /LEUH E\ /RUHQ&DUSHQWHU

    D KXJH URERW FRQVWUXFWLRQ ZRUNHU DQW FRQWUROOHG E\ DVPDOOHURQH LQVLGH 7KH$QWE\'LFN/XQGHQHWDORIWKH

    1HZ

  • 7/28/2019 Graphic Remembrance

    9/17

    ,((($QQDOVRIWKH+LVWRU\RI&RPSXWLQJ9RO1R

    The Unfulfilled Spiritual Potential ofComputer Artby Duane M. Palyka,QWKHHDUO\VDVD\RXQJER\LQFKXUFK,EHFDPHIDVFLQDWHG

    ZLWK VWDLQHGJODVV ZLQGRZV %HFDXVH WKH VHUYLFH LWVHOI ZDV

    LQFRPSUHKHQVLEOHWKH0DVVZDVLQ/DWLQDQGWKHVHUPRQZDVLQ

    +XQJDULDQP\DWWHQWLRQVWUD\HGWRWKHJORZLQJVXQOLWZLQGRZVLOOXPLQDWHGIURPWKHRXWVLGH7KHLPDJHVVHHPHGWRUHDFKRXWWR

    PH DQG HDFK 6XQGD\ HQGRZHG WKH FKXUFK ZLWK D ZDUP DQG

    P\VWLFDODWPRVSKHUH

    $GHFDGHDQGDKDOIODWHUDVDJUDGXDWHVWXGHQWDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\

    RI8WDKP\DWWHQWLRQWXUQHGWRFRPSXWHUJUDSKLFVVHH )LJWKH

    UHFHQWO\ LQYHQWHG IUDPH EXIIHU UHSODFHG WKH VWDLQHGJODVV

    ZLQGRZVDQGDSURJUDPPLQJODQJXDJHUHSODFHG/DWLQ

    ,QERWKRI WKHVHVLWXDWLRQV , IRXQGP\VHOIFDXJKW EHWZHHQ WKH

    ORYH DQGZDUPWK RILPDJHU\DQG WKH ULJLGDQG REVFXUH QDWXUH RI

    ODQJXDJH $V D FRPSXWHU DUWLVW , ZDQWHG P\ LPDJHV WR FUHDWH

    WKHPVHOYHV DQG LQWHUDFW RQ WKH VFUHHQ EXW LQVWHDG P\ DUWLVWLF

    H[SUHVVLRQ ZDV LPSHGHG E\ WKH OLPLWDWLRQV RI WKH SURJUDPPLQJ

    ODQJXDJH

    )LJ 'XDQH3DO\NDFUHDWLQJD VHOISRUWUDLWVHH WKHIURQW FRYHURIWKLVLVVXHIRUDFRORUYHUVLRQ

    3KRWRJUDSKE\0LNH0LORFKHN

    ,WZDVKDUGWREHVDWLVILHGGXULQJWKRVHHDUO\GD\VRIFRPSXWHU

    DUW1RPDWWHUKRZVLQFHUHWKHSURJUDPPHUVLQWHQWLRQPD\KDYH

    EHHQWRSURYLGHDIOH[LEOHWRROIRUWKHDUWLVWDVDPHQHVVUHVXOWHGLQ

    WKHDUW$OORIWKHWRROVVKRZHGDSUHIHUHQFHIRUFHUWDLQDFWLRQVRU

    FHUWDLQVKDSHV7KLVHIIHFWLVQRWQHZ.HQ.QRZOWRQDW%HOO/DEVRQHRIWKHILUVWSURJUDPPHUVWRSURYLGHWRROVWRDUWLVWVFRQFXUUHG

    ZLWKPHRQWKLVSRLQWLQWKHODWHV,QUHIOHFWLQJRQWKHUHVXOWV

    IURPWKHSURMHFW(QJLQHHUVDQG$UWLVWVLQ7HFKQRORJ\LQZKLFK

    KHGLVWULEXWHGKLVSURJUDPVWRDUWLVWVKHIHOWWKDWWKHDUWZRUNKH

    UHFHLYHGEDFN ORRNHGPXFK WRR VLPLODU , KDYH VHHQ WKLV LQP\

    RZQZRUNDQG,EHOLHYHLWRFFXUVZLWKWRGD\VWRROVDVZHOO

    :HVWHUQDUWKDVWUDGLWLRQDOO\LOOXVWUDWHGDQGUHIOHFWHGUHOLJLRXV

    DQGVSLULWXDOFRQFHSWV7KHSDLQWLQJVRI&DUDYDJJLRDQG'D9LQFL

    IRU H[DPSOH ZHUH QHZ IRUPV RI H[SUHVVLRQ FRQWDLQLQJ ROGHU

    VSLULWXDOFRQFHSWV,QWKLVWHFKQLFDOHUD,KDYHEHHQDEOHWRGHVLJQ

    DQG LPSOHPHQW VHOIJHQHUDWLQJ DQG VHOIRUJDQL]LQJ FRPSXWHU DUW

    V\VWHPV7KH\ DUH PHDQW WR EHPHGLWDWLYH DQG GHYRXW EHFDXVH

    WKDW LVZKHUHP\ VSLULWXDODQG DUWLVWLF LQWHUHVWV KDYHFRQYHUJHG

    %XWZKHQDQ DUWLVW SXUVXHV DXWKHQWLF VSLULWXDOGHYHORSPHQW KLV

    WRROV EHFRPH LQDGHTXDWH , QHHG IRU H[DPSOH WR SHUPHDWHP\

    DHVWKHWLFLQWRGHHSHUOHYHOVWKDQP\WRROVDOORZ,QIDFWLQPDQ\

    FDVHV,KDYHQHHGHGDWRWDOO\GLIIHUHQWDSSURDFK

    )RUH[DPSOHLQ,ZURWHDSURJUDPWKDWZDVDFRPSXWHU

    DUW DQDORJ\ RI JUDYLWDWLRQDO DWWUDFWLRQ LQ RXWHU VSDFH ,Q WKLV

    SURJUDP , WULHG WR PDNH FRQFUHWHZKDW , KDG YLVXDOL]HG DV DQ

    DUWLVW7KDWLV,ZDQWHGWRVHHKRZWKHLPDJHVZRXOGEHGLVWRUWHGE\ VLPXODWHG JUDYLWDWLRQDO VSDFHV , DOORZHG XQFRQWUROOHG

    GLVWRUWLRQVWRKDSSHQDQGWKHUHVXOWVFRQWDLQHGP\DHVWKHWLF+RZ

    FRXOG,KDYHGRQHWKLVZLWKRXWP\RZQSURJUDPPLQJ"$OWKRXJK

    DOOWKHFRQFHSWV,KDGZHUHYLVXDOWKHWRROV,XVHGWRFUHDWHWKHP

    ZHUHQRW7KH\ZHUHOLWHUDO DQGPDWKHPDWLFDO DQGLW LVGLIILFXOW

    ZRUNLQJZLWKWKHP3URJUDPPLQJWRRNWKHMR\RXWRIFUHDWLRQ

    $YLVXDO SURJUDPPLQJODQJXDJHPLJKWHQFRXUDJH UDWKHU WKDQ

    VW\PLHDUWLVWLFH[SUHVVLRQ7KXVIDUKRZHYHU,KDYH\HWWRVHHD

    YLVXDO SURJUDPPLQJ ODQJXDJH WKDW LVPRUH WKDQ D IORZFKDUWLQJ

    WRRO%XW,WKLQNLQWHUPVRIJHVWXUHVDQGPRYHPHQWVQRWLQWHUPV

    RIWH[W DQG V\PEROV, WKLQNLQ WHUPVRI VSDFHVQRW SRO\JRQV ,

    WKLQN DERXW TXDOLWDWLYH LVVXHV DVZHOO DV TXDQWLWDWLYH RQHV 7KH

    FRPSXWHULVD IOH[LEOHGHYLFHQRW OLPLWHGE\ WKHKDUGGHILQLWLRQVRI WUDGLWLRQDO DUWLVW PHGLD 6LPSO\ VWDWHG , ZRXOG OLNH PRUH

    QDWXUDOPHDQVWRH[SORLWWKHFRPSXWHUVULFKSRWHQWLDO

    /RRNLQJGHHSHUSDUWRIWKHSUREOHPPD\UHVLGHLQRXUUHOLDQFH

    RQVFLHQFH$OWKRXJKWKHVFLHQWLILFSURFHVVLVYHU\JRRGDWVROYLQJ

    WHFKQLFDOSUREOHPVLWIDOOVVKRUWZKHQDSSOLHGWRDUWLVWLFWKLQNLQJ

    $SSURDFKLQJKROLVWLFVXEMHFWVE\EXLOGLQJRQGHWDLOMXVWGRHVQRW

    ZRUN YHU\ ZHOO +XVWRQ 6PLWK KDV GLVFXVVHG WKLV WRSLF 7KH

    TXHVWLRQEHFRPHV,VWKHVFLHQWLILFSURFHVVFDSDEOHRIFUHDWLQJD

    ORJLFDOH[SUHVVLRQIRUWKHVSLULWXDO"

    3HUKDSV ZH QHHG WR HOLPLQDWH WKH VHSDUDWLRQ RI DUWLVW DQG

    VFLHQWLVW7RHQFRXUDJHWKHQDWXUDOSKLORVRSKHUDUWVFKRROVVKRXOG

    QRWWHDFKWKDWDUWLVDQHVFDSHIURPWKHRSSUHVVLRQRIWHFKQRORJ\

    DQGHQJLQHHULQJVFKRROVVKRXOGQRWGLVFRXUDJHDUWLVWLFWKLQNHUV,QFRPSXWHU VFLHQFH ZH VKRXOG GHYHORS DQ DUWLVWLFDOO\ LQFOLQHG

    FRPSXWHUODQJXDJH

    :KDW ZH UHDOO\ PXVW GR LV XQGR WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH

    FRPSXWHU ZKLFK VXIIHUHG IURP WKH XQEDODQFHG DUWVFLHQFH

    DWWLWXGHVRILWVWLPHV:HFDQIRUH[DPSOHGHYHORSQHZKDUGZDUH

    DQG VRIWZDUH WKDW UHIOHFW D PRUH EDODQFHG DQG PRUH WLPHO\

    DWWLWXGH WRZDUG DUWLVWLFDQGVFLHQWLILF LVVXHV ,IZH FDQGHVLJQ D

    FRPSXWHU LQ ZKLFK YLVXDO KROLVWLF WKLQNLQJ SUHGRPLQDWHV RYHU

    OLQHDUGHWDLOHGWKLQNLQJWKHQ,EHOLHYHWKHFRPSXWHUZRXOGEHD

    PRUHHQFRXUDJLQJ DQG OHVV LQWLPLGDWLQJ GHYLFH 7KLVPD\\LHOG

    LQWHUHVWLQJUHVXOWVWKDWPLJKWDIIHFWRWKHUDVSHFWVRIRXUOLYHVDQG

    VRFLHW\$QGRIFRXUVHVXFKSURJUHVVZRXOGIDFLOLWDWHP\ZRUN

    ZLWKVSLULWXDOFRPSXWHUDUW

    Reference+6PLWK%H\RQGWKH3RVW0RGHUQ0LQG4XHVW%RRNV

    'XDQH03DO\ND EHJDQSURGXFLQJ FRPSXWHUDUW LQZKLOH

    VWXG\LQJDW&DUQHJLH0HOORQ8QLYHUVLW\+HKDVVLQFHZRUNHGDV

    ERWK DQ DUWLVW DQG SURJUDPPHU DW WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 8WDKV

    &RPSXWHU6FLHQFH'HSDUWPHQWLQWKHVDQGDWWKH1HZ

  • 7/28/2019 Graphic Remembrance

    10/17

    Graphics Remembrances

    ,((($QQDOVRIWKH+LVWRU\RI&RPSXWLQJ9RO1R

    'XDQH03DO\NDFDQEHFRQWDFWHGDW

    2[IRUG6W$SW

    %HUNHOH\&$86$

    HPDLO$UW0DWK#DROFRP

    http://members.aol.com/ArtMath1

    k

    Computer-Aided Geometric Designby David F. Rogers0XFKRIP\ HDUO\ZRUNLQ WKH ILHOGV RIFRPSXWHU JUDSKLFVDQG

    FRPSXWHUDLGHG JHRPHWULF GHVLJQ LQYROYHG WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI

    WHFKQLTXHVDQGSURJUDPVIRUWKHG\QDPLFPDQLSXODWLRQRIFXUYHV

    DQGVXUIDFHVIRUGHVLJQDQGWKHXVHRIWKRVHGHVLJQVLQFRPSXWHU

    DLGHGPDQXIDFWXULQJ

    7KHHDUO\ZRUNRQG\QDPLFPDQLSXODWLRQRIFXUYHVDQGVXUIDFHV

    IRU GHVLJQ ZDV SDUWLFXODUO\ LQVSLUHG E\ WKDW RI 3LHUUH %p]LHU DW

    5HQDXOWDQG5RELQ)RUUHVWDW&DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\7KHXQGHUO\LQJ

    WKUXVWRIWKHZRUNLVWKDWWKHXVHULVWKHGHVLJQHUDQGWKXVVKRXOGKDYH GLUHFW DQG LPPHGLDWH FRQWURO RI WKH GHVLJQ SURFHVV ,W LV

    FKURQLFOHGLQDVHULHVRISDSHUV

    WKDWVSDQ

    QHDUO\ WKUHHGHFDGHV 7KH FXOPLQDWLRQRI WKLVZRUN LV WKH

    SDSHULQWKHLVVXHRI&RPSXWHU$LGHG'HVLJQ KRQRULQJ%p]LHU

    RQKLVWKELUWKGD\7KDW SDSHU JLYHV DYHU\IDVW DOJRULWKP IRU

    G\QDPLF PDQLSXODWLRQ RI UDWLRQDO %VSOLQH VXUIDFHV LQFOXGLQJ

    G\QDPLFPDQLSXODWLRQRIWKHKRPRJHQHRXVZHLJKWLQJIDFWRU

    '\QDPLFPDQLSXODWLRQGLIIHUVIURPLQWHUDFWLYHPDQLSXODWLRQLQ

    WKDWPRGLILFDWLRQRIWKHFXUYHRUVXUIDFHRFFXUV LQVWDQWO\7RGD\

    ZHFDOOWKLVUXEEHUEDQGLQJ)RUUHVW/HV3LHJODQG,EHOLHYHWKDW

    WKH 6RFLHW\ RI 1DYDO $UFKLWHFWV DQG 0DULQH (QJLQHHUV

    SDSHU LV DUJXDEO\ WKH ILUVW SXEOLVKHG SDSHU RQ G\QDPLF

    PDQLSXODWLRQRI%VSOLQHFXUYHV7KLVSDSHULVDOPRVWXQNQRZQLQWKH FRPSXWHU JUDSKLFV FRPPXQLW\ )XUWKHUPRUH WKH

    6LJJUDSKSDSHU PD\ EH WKH ILUVW SXEOLVKHG SDSHU RQ G\QDPLF

    PDQLSXODWLRQRIQRQUDWLRQDO%VSOLQHVXUIDFHV

    $V LVHYLGHQWIURP WKHUHIHUHQFHV, ZDVDEO\DVVLVWHGLQ WKLV

    ZRUN E\ 6WHYH 6DWWHUILHOG ZKR GLG PXFK RI WKH LQWHUIDFH

    SURJUDPPLQJ WR P\ GHVLJQV DQG )UDQFLVFR 3DFR 5RGULJXH]

    ZKRGLGPXFK RI WKHQXPHULFDO FRQWURO LQWHUIDFH SURJUDPPLQJ

    ZKLOH , FRQFHQWUDWHG RQ WKH XQGHUO\LQJ PDWKHPDWLFV DQG

    SURJUDPPLQJ WKH IXQGDPHQWDO DOJRULWKPV:KHQ , UHIHU WR P\

    GHVLJQVXQGHUVWDQGWKDWDWWKDWWLPHZHKDGRQO\DYDJXHLGHDRI

    ZKDW D G\QDPLF PDQLSXODWLRQ XVHU LQWHUIDFH VKRXOG ORRN OLNH

    &RQVHTXHQWO\WKHGHVLJQSURFHVVFRQVLVWHGRIP\PXPEOLQJWKDW,

    ZRXOGOLNHWREHDEOHWRGRWKLVDQGPD\EHWKLVZDVWKHZD\WRGR

    LW7KHQ6DWWHUILHOGZRXOGSURJUDPLW DQG,ZRXOGUHSO\:HOO

    WKDWV QRW ZKDW ,PHDQW ZKLFK UHDOO\ PHDQW , GLG QRW KDYH D

    FOXH$IWHUVRPHGLVFXVVLRQ,ZRXOGVXJJHVWVRPHWKLQJHOVH7KH

    SURFHVVFRQWLQXHGXQWLOZH ERWKDJUHHG WKDWWKLVZDVWKH EHVWZH

    FRXOGGRRUPD\EHRQHRIXVMXVWJRWWLUHG

    $OORIWKHHDUO\ZRUNZDVVXSSRUWHGE\WKH86&RDVW*XDUG

    DQGFRQVHTXHQWO\ZDVGRQHLQWKHFRQWH[WRIVKLSKXOOGHVLJQ:H

    XVHG DQ (YDQV 6XWKHUODQG 3LFWXUH 6\VWHP 36 6HULDO

    1XPEHU GULYHQE\ D'(&3'3VHH )LJ7KH36

    ZDVDFDOOLJUDSKLFOLQHGUDZLQJUHIUHVKPRQRFKURPHGLVSOD\$Q

    LQWHUHVWLQJVLGHOLJKWLVWKDW'DYH(YDQVRQFHUHPDUNHGWKDW,ZDV

    WKHRQO\SHUVRQKHNQHZZKRXVHGD36DVLWZDVLQWHQGHG2Q

    WKHRWKHUKDQGLQZKHQWKHV\VWHPZDVRUGHUHGZKRHOVH

    EXW WKH JRYHUQPHQW FRXOG DIIRUG IRU D VLQJOHXVHU

    HQJLQHHULQJZRUNVWDWLRQ

    -XVWGHVLJQLQJDVKLSKXOOZDVQRWHQRXJKRQHKDGWRSURGXFH

    WKHVKLS:HOOWKH861DYDO$FDGHP\ZDVQRWLQWKHEXVLQHVVRI

    DFWXDOO\EXLOGLQJVKLSVHVSHFLDOO\QRWE\DHURQDXWLFDOHQJLQHHULQJ

    SURIHVVRUV+RZHYHUZHZHUHLQ WKHEXVLQHVVRIEXLOGLQJ WRZLQJ

    WDQNDQGZLQGWXQQHOPRGHOV7KHSRZHUVWKDWEHWKRXJKW,PLJKW

    EHDEOHWRKDQGOHWKDW$VD UHVXOWDUHODWLYHO\ODUJHQXPHULFDOO\

    FRQWUROOHGPLOOLQJPDFKLQHZDVSXUFKDVHG$WWKDWWLPHRQHXVHG

    $37 RU VRPH VLPLODU ODQJXDJH WR ZULWH D SURJUDP WR GULYH D

    QXPHULFDOO\ FRQWUROOHG PDFKLQH 7KH WUDQVIHU GRFXPHQW ZDV D

    SDSHU GUDZLQJ 5DWKHU LQDFFXUDWH WKDW +HUH ZH KDG VSHQW

    FRQVLGHUDEOHWLPHDQGHIIRUWFDUHIXOO\IDLULQJWKHOLQHVFRQVWLWXWLQJ

    WKHVKLSVXUIDFHDQGZHZHUHWRXVHDGUDZLQJDQGWKHDWEHVW

    FLUFXODU LQWHUSRODWLRQ LQ $37 WR PDQXIDFWXUH WKH PRGHO 1RW

    OLNHO\

    :HOO WKHUHLV DFRPSXWHULQ WKH1&PLOOZHZLOO UHSURJUDP

    WKDW 1RSH WKH PDQXIDFWXUHU ZLOO QRW UHOHDVH WKH VRXUFH FRGH

    +PP$SDSHUWDSHUHDGHULVXVHGDVWKHLQSXWGHYLFHIRUWKH1&

    PLOO6RZHZLOOZULWHDSURJUDPIRUWKH3'3WKDWZLOOWDNH

    WKHGDWDIURPWKH&$'SURJUDPDQGJHQHUDWHDSDSHUWDSHWRGULYH

    WKH1&PLOO$IHZTXLFNFDOFXODWLRQVVKRZHGWKDWWKHUHVXOWLQJ

    WDSHZRXOGEHVRORQJWKDWLWFRXOGEHZUDSSHGDURXQGWKHUDWKHU

    ODUJHHQJLQHHULQJEXLOGLQJVHYHUDOWLPHV

    )LJ(YDQV6XWKHUODQG3LFWXUH6\VWHP

    $IWHU ZDONLQJ DURXQG LQ FLUFOHV VFUDWFKLQJ RXU KHDGV IRU D

    ZKLOH 6DWWHUILHOG 5RGULJXH] DQG , FDPH XS ZLWK WKH LGHD RI

    IRROLQJWKHFRPSXWHULQWKH1&PLOOLQWRWKLQNLQJWKDWWKHRXWSXW

    RID7HNWURQL[ZRUNVWDWLRQFRQQHFWHGWRWKHFRPSXWHULQWKH

    1& PLOO YLD DQ ,((( *3,% EXV ZDV D SDSHU WDSH UHDGHU

    5RGULJXH] GHVLJQHG DQG EXLOW D VLPSOH HOHFWURQLF LQWHUIDFH DQG

    ZURWH D SURJUDPUXQQLQJ LQ WKH7HNWURQL[ WKDWFRQYHUWHG

    WKH UDZ GDWD IURP WKH &$' SURJUDP LQWR 1& FRPPDQGV

    LQFOXGLQJWKH QHFHVVDU\FXWWHURIIVHWVPDFKLQHVSHHGVHWF DQG

    GLG VR LQ UHDO WLPH ,Q HIIHFW ZH UDQ WKH 1& PLOO IURP WKH

    7HNWURQL[ VHH)LJ7KHSURJUDPUDQWKH1&PLOOLQZKDWLV

    FDOOHGSRLQWWRSRLQWPRGHWKXVZHKDGFRPSOHWHFRQWURORYHUWKH

    DFFXUDF\RIWKHFXW7KHSURJUDPDOVRDOORZHGSURRILQJWKHGDWD

    DQG SURYLGHGD JUDSKLFDO SLFWXUHRIWKH FXWWHU ORFDWLRQWKDWZDV

    VHYHUDO VWHSV DKHDG RI WKHDFWXDO FXWWLQJRSHUDWLRQVHH)LJ

  • 7/28/2019 Graphic Remembrance

    11/17

    ,((($QQDOVRIWKH+LVWRU\RI&RPSXWLQJ9RO1R

    7KLV PD\ KDYH EHHQ WKH ILUVW LQFLGHQFH RI D JHQHUDOSXUSRVH

    JUDSKLFDOZRUNVWDWLRQEHLQJXVHGWRGLUHFWO\UXQDQ1&PDFKLQH

    VHH)LJ$VLPLODUSURJUDPUXQQLQJRQD 3& LVVWLOOLQ XVH

    WRGD\DWWKH861DYDO$FDGHP\,FRQVLGHUWKH7HNWURQL[

    WR EH WKH ILUVW WUXH SURGXFWLRQ VWDQGDORQH HQJLQHHULQJ

    ZRUNVWDWLRQ,WFRQWDLQHGD&38PDVVVWRUDJHDFDUWULGJHWDSHD

    JUDSKLFVVFUHHQDNH\ERDUGDQGDEXLOWLQSURJUDPPLQJODQJXDJH

    %DVLFFRPSOHWHZLWKDQHGLWRUDVZHOODVERWK$6&,,DQG*3,%GDWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQFDSDELOLW\

    )LJ7KH7HNWURQL[GLVSOD\RIWKHVKLSKXOO

    )LJ$GLVSOD\RIWKHPLOOLQJPDFKLQHFXWWHUORFDWLRQ

    )RU QHDUO\ WZR GHFDGHV WKH 86 &RDVW *XDUG JHQHURXVO\

    FRQWLQXHG VXSSRUW IRU WKLV ZRUN (DUO\ LQ WKH SURJUDP DV D

    GHPRQVWUDWLRQ RI WKH FRQFHSW , IDLUHG WKH OLQHV IRU D SURSRVHG

    &RDVW*XDUGLFHEUHDNHUXVLQJWKHGHVLJQV\VWHPZKLFKZHFDOOHG

    &$0,//VKRUWIRUFRPSXWHUDLGHGPLOOLQJ2IFRXUVHWKH&RDVW

    *XDUGJDYHPHDGLIILFXOWVKLSWRIDLU7KHVKLSZDVVKRUWDQGIDW

    IRU D VKLSDQG VWUDLJKWVLGHG 7KXV IDLULQJ ERWK WKH VWHUQDQG

    ERZ DUHDV EHFDPH D FKDOOHQJH ,Q IDFW WKH ERZ ZDV UDWKHU D

    GHSDUWXUHIURPFRPPRQSUDFWLFH,ZRXOGZRUNRQLWIRUDQKRXU

    ZKLFKZDVDERXWDOO,FRXOGVWDQGJRWHDFKDFODVVZRUNRQLWD

    ELWJRWRDPHHWLQJHWF&RQVHTXHQWO\ERWKWRFKHFN WKHIDLULQJ

    DQG WR SURRI WKH 1&V\VWHPZHGHFLGHG WR FXW D VPDOOPRGHO

    DERXWWZRIHHWORQJEHIRUHFXWWLQJWKHILQDOODUJHPRGHO

    7KH GD\ EHIRUH WKH PRGHOZDV WREH FXW , FDOOHG DQG DVNHG

    +RZDUG&KDWWHUWRQRXUVSRQVRUDWWKH&RDVW*XDUGLIKHZDQWHG

    WR FRPH DQGZDWFK WKHPRGHO EHLQJ FXW , DOVR ZDUQHG KLP LW

    PLJKWWDNHDOOGD\DQGWKDWWKHUHZHUHQRJXDUDQWHHV7KHV\VWHP

    ZRUNHG YHU\ ZHOO VR ZKHQ &KDWWHUWRQ DUULYHG ODWH LQ WKH

    DIWHUQRRQWKHPRGHOZDVDOPRVWFRPSOHWH&KDWWHUWRQVDLGKHKDG

    DGHVLJQPHHWLQJZLWKWKHDGPLUDODQGUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVIURPDOOWKH

    YDULRXVGHSDUWPHQWVWKHQH[WGD\DQGDVNHGLIKHFRXOGWDNHWKH

    FRPSOHWHGPRGHOZLWKKLP6XUHZK\QRWKHZDVSD\LQJIRULW

    2IIKHZHQWZLWKWKHPRGHOWXFNHGXQGHUKLVDUP(YLGHQWO\WKH

    VWUXFWXUDO HQJLQHHULQJ GHSDUWPHQW KDG D SUREOHP ZLWK WKH ERZGHVLJQ 7KH\ VDLG WKHUH ZDV QR ZD\ LW FRXOG EH EXLOW VWURQJ

    HQRXJKWRZLWKVWDQGWKHULJRUVRIUDPPLQJWKHVKLSLQWRDWKLFN

    LFHSDFN6RWKH\VDWWKHUHGXULQJWKHPHHWLQJDQGUHGHVLJQHGWKH

    ERZE\GUDZLQJRQWKHPRGHOZLWKDEDOOSRLQWSHQ7KHIROORZLQJ

    GD\&KDWWHUWRQDUULYHGZLWKWKHUHGHVLJQHGPRGHODQGDVNHGLI,

    FRXOGUHIDLULWXVLQJWKHEDOOSRLQWSHQPDUNLQJV:KDWFRXOG,VD\

    H[FHSW\HV"$IWHUDZHHNRIPXWWHULQJWRP\VHOIWKHUHGHVLJQZDV

    FRPSOHWH 7KH VXEVHTXHQWO\ EXLOW WRZLQJ WDQN PRGHO XVHG WKH

    UHGHVLJQHGERZ7KDWPRGHOLVVWLOOLQXVHDWWKH1DYDO$FDGHP\

    &KDWWHUWRQHVWLPDWHGWKDWE\FDWFKLQJWKHSUREOHPHDUO\WKH&RDVW

    *XDUGVDYHGVHYHUDOPLOOLRQGROODUV,JXHVVWKHUHVHDUFKPRQH\

    ZDVZHOOVSHQW

    )LJ7KHPLOOLQJPDFKLQHFXWWLQJRXWWKHPRGHORIWKHVKLSVKXOO

    :HDOVRZDQWHG WRFRQILUP WKDW WKHUHVXOWLQJZRRGHQ WRZLQJ

    WDQNPRGHOZKLFKUHTXLUHGKDQGZRUNWRILQLVKZDVDVGHVLJQHG

    7R GR WKLV ZH EXLOW D GLJLWL]LQJ SUREH XVLQJ D VWDQGDUG

    PDFKLQLVWVGLDOJDXJHDQGDQRWKHUVPDOOHOHFWURQLFLQWHUIDFHDQG

    ZURWHDSURJUDPUXQQLQJLQWKH7HNWURQL[WKDWWXUQHGWKH1&

    PLOOLQWRDODUJH'GLJLWL]HUVHH )LJ7KHUHVXOWLQJGDWDZHUH

    VWRUHG RQ WKH 7HNWURQL[ WDSH XQLW DQG WUDQVIHUUHG WR WKH

    GHVLJQV\VWHPIRUFRPSDULVRQ,WZRUNHGDWUHDW)XUWKHUPRUHWKH

    UHVXOWVZHUHVXUSULVLQJO\DFFXUDWH

    $GGLWLRQDOGHWDLOVRIWKHKLVWRULFDODVSHFWVRIRXUZRUNLQWKHVH

    WZR DUHDV DUH FKURQLFOHG LQ D ERRN FDOOHG )XQGDPHQWDO

    'HYHORSPHQWVRI &RPSXWHU$LGHG *HRPHWULF0RGHOLQJ HGLWHG

    E\ /HV 3LHJO 7KLV ERRN LV UHFRPPHQGHG IRU WKRVH ZKR DUH

    LQWHUHVWHGLQWKHHDUO\GHYHORSPHQWVLQFRPSXWHUDLGHGJHRPHWULF

    GHVLJQ 7KH ERRN FRQWDLQV DUWLFOHV E\ $QGUHZ $UPLW 5REHUW

    %DUQKLOO3LHUUH%p]LHU&DUOGH%RRU,DQ%UDLG3DXOGH&DVWHOMDX

    0DXULFH &R[ &KDUOHV (DVWPDQ -DPHV )HUJXVRQ %LOO *RUGRQ

    5REHUW0DQQ0LNH 3UDWW $ULVWLGHV5HTXLFKD 5LFK5LHVHQIHOG

    'RXJ5RVV0DOFROP6DELQDQG+HUE9RHOFNHU,IHOWKRQRUHGWR

    EH LQFOXGHG DPRQJ WKHVH WUXH JLDQWV RI WKH HDUO\ GD\V RI

    FRPSXWHUDLGHGJHRPHWULFGHVLJQGHYHORSPHQW

  • 7/28/2019 Graphic Remembrance

    12/17

    Graphics Remembrances

    ,((($QQDOVRIWKH+LVWRU\RI&RPSXWLQJ9RO1R

    )LJ7KHPLOOLQJPDFKLQHEHLQJXVHGDVDGLJLWL]HU

    References')5RJHUV%6SOLQH&XUYHVDQG 6XUIDFHVIRU 6KLS+XOO'HVLJQ

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

  • 7/28/2019 Graphic Remembrance

    13/17

    ,((($QQDOVRIWKH+LVWRU\RI&RPSXWLQJ9RO1R

    %HWWHU PHDVXUHPHQWV RI WKH ER[ UHIOHFWDQFHV DQG OLJKWVRXUFHZHUHQHHGHGJXHVVLQJZRXOGQRWGR

    7KHUHZHUHWZRSKDVHVLQJHQHUDWLQJWKHLPDJHWKDWQHHGHGWR EH H[DPLQHG VHSDUDWHO\ VLPXODWLQJ WKH OLJKW WUDQVSRUW

    DQGWKHQPDSSLQJWKHUHVXOWVWRWKHJDPXWRIWKHPRQLWRU

    3KRWRJUDSKVZHUH LQDSSURSULDWH IRU WKH FRPSDULVRQV 7KHWUDQVIRUPDWLRQV RI WRQH DQG FRORU LQ WKH SKRWRJUDSKLF

    SURFHVVZHUHVLJQLILFDQWO\GLIIHUHQWDQGPRUHFRPSOH[WKDQWKHSURFHVVZHZHUHWU\LQJWRVLPXODWH

    %HWWHU PHDVXUHPHQWV ZRXOG VHHP WR EH MXVW D PDWWHU RI

    PRQH\DQGWLPH&RQWUDU\WRFRPPRQSHUFHSWLRQMXVWZRUNLQJ

    LQDZHOONQRZQJUDSKLFVSURJUDPGRHVQRWDOORZDQXQOLPLWHG

    EXGJHW,QSDUWLFXODUZHKDGHVVHQWLDOO\QREXGJHWIRUSK\VLFDO

    H[SHULPHQWV $OO ZH KDG ZDV D SKRWRPHWHU WKDW KDG EHHQ

    SXUFKDVHG IRU PRQLWRU FDOLEUDWLRQV:HPDGH WKHPRVW RI WKLV

    XVLQJ LW WR PDNH GLUHFWLRQDO PHDVXUHPHQWV IURP VXUIDFHV

    UHVWULFWLQJWKHILHOGRIYLHZXVLQJWKHFDUGERDUGWXEHIURPWKH

    FHQWHU RID UROO RISULQWHUSDSHU 7KH UHVW RIRXU HTXLSPHQW

    FRQVLVWHG RI UHODWLYHO\ LQH[SHQVLYH SO\ZRRG ODWH[ SDLQWV

    OLJKWEXOEVDQGDPHWDOWUDVKFDQVHH)LJ

    )LJ$QLQWHUPHGLDWHYHUVLRQRIWKH&RUQHOO%R[

    )XUWKHUPRUH MXVW EHLQJ DW D XQLYHUVLW\ GRHV QRW QHFHVVDULO\

    SHUPLW DFFHVV WR DOO RI LWV UHVRXUFHV 6SDFH EHLQJ W\SLFDOO\ WKH

    PRVWSUHFLRXVUHVRXUFHRQFDPSXVZHIHOWOXFN\WREHDEOHWRWDNH

    RYHUDVSDFHQRWPXFKELJJHUWKDQDEURRPFORVHW7RUUDQFHJDYHXVGLUHFWLRQ RQZKDWPHDVXUHPHQWVZHUH QHHGHG DQGZKHUH ZH

    FRXOG JHW KHOS RQ FDPSXV :H ZHUH IRUWXQDWH WKDW VHYHUDO

    GHSDUWPHQWV DW &RUQHOO ZHUH JHQHURXV ZLWK WKHLU WLPH DQG

    IDFLOLWLHV

    7KH &ROOHJH RI +XPDQ (FRORJ\ OHW XV XVH LWVVSHFWURSKRWRPHWHUIRUDQDIWHUQRRQ

    7KH3K\VLFV'HSDUWPHQWKHOSHGPHDVXUHRXUOLJKWVRXUFH $SURIHVVRULQWKH&KHPLVWU\'HSDUWPHQWOHQWXVILOWHUV 7KH6FKRRORI$UFKLWHFWXUHOHQWXVH[WUDVSDFH 3OXV WKH 6FKRRO RI &KHPLFDO (QJLQHHULQJ JDYH XV VRPHKHDY\EODFNFXUWDLQVIURPDQROGPLFURVFRS\ODERUDWRU\

    7RH[DPLQHVHSDUDWHO\WKHWZRSKDVHVLQIRUPLQJDQLPDJHZH

    IRXQGWKDWRXUSKRWRPHWHUFRXOGEHXVHGIRUPHDVXULQJWKHUHVXOWV

    RIWKHOLJKWWUDQVSRUWVLPXODWLRQLIZHFRXOGVRPHKRZSXWLWLQWKH

    FORVHGFXEH:HFDPHXSZLWKWKHLGHDRIPDNLQJDVPDOOGLIIXVH

    OLJKWVRXUFHLQWKHFHLOLQJRIWKHER[LQSODFHRIWKHHPLWWLQJZDOO

    :HFRXOGOHDYHRQHVLGHRIWKHFXEHRSHQWRDEODFNHQYLURQPHQW

    DQGUHSUHVHQWWKLVDVDEODFNZDOODQGWKHQSODFHRXUSKRWRPHWHU

    RQWKLVRSHQZDOO2XUILUVWVRXUFHZDVDIORRGOLJKWVKLQLQJLQWRDIRDPFRUHER[SDLQWHGZKLWHRQWKHLQVLGH7KLVZRUNHGILQHXQWLO

    WKHER[VWDUWHGVPRNLQJ:HUHSODFHGWKHIRDPFRUHZLWKD

    LQFKKLJKPHWDOFRQHDPHWDOZDVWHEDVNHWSDLQWHGZKLWHRQWKH

    LQVLGH ZLWK WKH ERWWRP UHPRYHG (YHQ ZLWK WKH ZDVWHEDVNHW

    DUUDQJHPHQW LW ZDV QRWLFHDEOH WKDW WKH OLJKW VRXUFH ZDV QRW

    SHUIHFWO\GLIIXVH5DWKHUWKDQEXLOGPRUHVRXUFHVZHGHYHORSHGD

    YDULDQWRIWKHUDGLRVLW\PHWKRGWRDFFRXQWIRUOLJKWVRXUFHVZLWK

    GLUHFWLRQDOYDULDWLRQV

    7KHVHFRQGSDUWZDVWRYHULI\WKHPDSSLQJWRWKHPRQLWRU:H

    ZDQWHGSHRSOHWRVHHWKHUHDODQGVLPXODWHGYHUVLRQVVLGHE\VLGH

    LQDVRUWRI7XULQJWHVWWRVHHLIWKH\FRXOGGLVWLQJXLVKZKLFKZDV

    ZKLFK:HGLGQRWZDQWWRXVHSKRWRJUDSKVDQGDQ\RQHYLHZLQJ

    WKHER[DQGWKHGLVSOD\GLUHFWO\ZRXOGEHDEOHWRGLVWLQJXLVKDER[IURPDPRQLWRU7RRYHUFRPHWKLVSUREOHP*DU\0H\HUFDPHXS

    ZLWK WKH LGHD RI KDYLQJ SHRSOH REVHUYH WKH VFHQH DQG LWV

    VLPXODWLRQ WKURXJK YLHZ FDPHUDV OHQW WR WKH SURMHFW E\ WKH

    6FKRRO RI $UFKLWHFWXUH 7KH YLHZ FDPHUDV FUHDWHG LPDJHV RQ

    JURXQG JODVV LQ WKHLU EDFNV DQG PDGH WKH UHDO DQG V\QWKHWLF

    YHUVLRQVDSSHDUDVLPDJHVRIWKHVDPHVL]HZLWKRXWWKHDOWHUDWLRQV

    RIFRORUDQGWRQHLQYROYHGLQSKRWRJUDSK\

    :H IDFHG RQH PRUH PDMRU SUREOHP RU IHDWXUH %\ WKH

    W LPH ZH ZHUH UHDG\ WR GR RXU H[SHULPHQW &RKHQ KDG

    GHYHORSHGWKHKHPLFXEHDOJRULWKPVRZHFRXOGSXWREMHFWV

    LQWR WKH FXEH WKDW ZRXOG FDVW VKDGRZV :LWK DOO WKH

    PHDVXUHPHQWVGRQHZHZHUHVHWWRPDNHLQFUHGLEO\DFFXUDWH

    LPDJHVFRPSOHWHZLWKLQWHUUHIOHFWLRQVGLUHFWLRQDOOLJKWDQGVKDGRZV 7KH ILUVW LPDJHV ZHUH D JUHDW GLVDSSRLQWPHQW

    WKH\ZHUH PXFK UHGGHULQ DSSHDUDQFH WKDQ LQ WKH UHDO ER[

    7KHSUREOHPZDVWKDWZLWKWKHOLPLWHGG\QDPLFUDQJHRIWKH

    PRQLWRUWKHOLJKWVRXUFHLQWKHLPDJHFRXOGQRWEHUHQGHUHG

    ZLWK D FRORU DQG EULJKWQHVVFRQVLVWHQW ZLWK WKH UHVW RI WKH

    VFHQH5DWKHUWKDQGHDOLQJZLWKWKHG\QDPLFUDQJHSUREOHP

    ZHJDYHXSDQGSXWDOLWWOHEODFNWDERQWKHER[WKDWEORFNHG

    WKHGLUHFWYLHZRIWKHOLJKWVRXUFH

    7KH UHVXOWV RI WKH SURMHFW ZHUH UHSRUWHG LQ WKH SDSHU $Q

    ([SHULPHQWDO(YDOXDWLRQRI &RPSXWHU*UDSKLFV ,PDJHU\LQ WKH

    -DQXDU\ LVVXH RI $&0 7UDQVDFWLRQV RQ *UDSKLFV 7KH

    ERWWRP OLQH RI WKLV H[SHULPHQW ZDV WKDW SHRSOH FRXOG QRW WHOO

    ZKLFKZDVZKLFKDQGLQIDFWWUDLQHGFRPSXWHUJUDSKLFLVWVJRWLW

    ZURQJPRUH RIWHQ WKDQ GLG UDQGRPO\ VHOHFWHG VXEMHFWV ,Q WKLV

    DUWLFOH , KDYH WULHG WR SURYLGH VRPH LGHD RI KRZ WKH SURMHFW

    HYROYHGDVZHOHDUQHGPRUHDERXWKRZLPDJHVZHUHIRUPHGDQG

    KRZWRSXWWRJHWKHUH[SHULPHQWVIURPH[LVWLQJUHVRXUFHV

    +ROO\ 5XVKPHLHU LV D SLRQHHU LQ DQG OHDGLQJ DXWKRULW\ RQ

    UDGLRVLW\PHWKRGV 6KHKDV FRQGXFWHG UHVHDUFK DW WKH1DWLRQDO

    ,QVWLWXWH RI 6WDQGDUGV DQG 7HFKQRORJ\ DQG LV SUHVHQWO\ ZLWK

    ,%0V:DWVRQ5HVHDUFK&HQWHU6KHZDV6LJJUDSKSDSHUVFKDLU

    LQ

  • 7/28/2019 Graphic Remembrance

    14/17

    Graphics Remembrances

    ,((($QQDOVRIWKH+LVWRU\RI&RPSXWLQJ9RO1R

    +ROO\5XVKPHLHUFDQEHFRQWDFWHGDW

    ,%07KRPDV:DWVRQ5HVHDUFK&HQWHU

    32%R[

  • 7/28/2019 Graphic Remembrance

    15/17

    ,((($QQDOVRIWKH+LVWRU\RI&RPSXWLQJ9RO1R

    UHTXLUHPHQWV:HZLOOFDSWLYDWHWKHYLHZLQJSXEOLFZLWKRXUVWRU\

    %XW WKH UHDO SXUSRVH LV WR FUHDWH D VHFRQG FRPPHUFLDO WR

    *HRUJH/XFDVVRWKDWKHZLOONQRZZKDWKHKDVDQGZKDWZHFDQ

    GRIRUKLP

    ,WROGWKHPKRZZHZRXOGDFFRPSOLVKWKLVODWWHUJRDO,ZDV

    DFTXDLQWHGZLWK /XFDVZHOOHQRXJKE\ WKLV WLPH WR NQRZ WKDW

    ZKHQ KH ZDWFKHV D PRYLH KH LV FRPSOHWHO\ DZDUH RI WKH

    FDPHUDWKHFKRLFHRI DQJOHGLVWDQFHPRYHPHQW HWF7KLV LVPXFKHDVLHUWRVD\WKDQWRGR$GLUHFWRUVSXUSRVHDIWHUDOOLV

    WRHQJDJHWKHDXGLHQFHVRWKRURXJKO\LQWKHHPRWLRQRIKLVVWRU\

    WKDWWKH\SD\DEVROXWHO\QRDWWHQWLRQWRWKHWHFKQRORJ\FUHDWLQJ

    WKH LOOXVLRQ /XFDV FRXOG UHVLVW WKH GLUHFWRUV HPRWLRQDO SXOO

    ZKLOH ZDWFKLQJ D PRYLH DQG FRQFHQWUDWH LQVWHDG RQ WKH

    FDPHUDPDQVFKRLFHV

    6RP\ LQVWUXFWLRQV WRWKH WHDPZHUH WKDWZHZRXOG FUHDWH D

    FDPHUDPRYHWKDWZRXOGNQRFN*HRUJHVVRFNVRII,WZRXOGQRW

    EH D JUDWXLWRXV ' FDPHUD PRYH WKDW EHJLQQHUV LQ FRPSXWHU

    JUDSKLFVVRPHWLPHVLPSOHPHQWRQWKHLUILUVWDWWHPSW,WZRXOGDW

    DOO WLPHV EH UHOHYDQW WR WKH VWRU\ DQG KHOS EXLOG LWV HPRWLRQDO

    IRUFH $QG /XFDV ZRXOG NQRZ WKDW LW FRXOG QRW SRVVLEO\ EH

    H[HFXWHGE\DSK\VLFDOFDPHUD:H SURFHHGHG WR GHVLJQ D PRYH EDVHG RQ WKH LGHD RI D

    VSDFHFUDIW IO\LQJ E\ D GHDG PRRQOLNH SODQHW ZLWK D FDPHUD

    DWWDFKHGWRWKHFUDIW&DUSHQWHUZDVWKHPDLQFRQWULEXWRUWRWKLV

    PRYHGHVLJQLQJD'VSOLQHIRUWKHVL[GHJUHHVRIIUHHGRPRID

    ULJLG ERG\ LQ ' VSDFH WKURXJK DERXW SRLQWV ,W LV D

    WZLVWLQJ VSLUDOLQJ DFFHOHUDWLQJ GHFHOHUDWLQJ VZHHSLQJ

    UHYHUVLQJ PLQXWHORQJ FRQWLQXRXV FDPHUD PRYH WKDW IROORZV

    WKHVXGGHQDSSHDUDQFHRIIODPHRYHUWKHOLPERIWKHSODQHWDQG

    WUDFNV WKHZDOO RI ILUHWR EXLOG WHQVLRQ7KH ILUH RYHUWDNHV WKH

    FDPHUDDQGPHOWVWKHSODQHW$VWKHVSDFHFUDIWSXOOVDZD\RQLWV

    RXWZDUGERXQG WUDMHFWRU\ WKH FDPHUDQRZ ORRNLQJ EDFN

    UHYHDOVWKDWWKHPROWHQVSKHUHKDVEHHQUHERUQDVDQHDUWKOLNH

    JUHHQDQGEOXHDOLYHSODQHW, ZLOO QRW JR LQWR IXUWKHU GHWDLOV RI WKH SURGXFWLRQ DQG LWV

    FUHGLWVEHFDXVH, KDYHFRYHUHG WKHP FDUHIXOO\ HOVHZKHUH 7KH

    *HQHVLV 'HPR ,QVWDQW (YROXWLRQ :LWK &RPSXWHU *UDSKLFV

    $PHULFDQ&LQHPDWRJUDSKHU2FW 7KH LPSRUWDQW SRLQWWR

    P\VWRU\ LVWKDWWKHGD\ DIWHUWKHSUHPLHUH RI6WDU7UHN ,,WKH

    VSHFLDO ILUVW VFUHHQLQJ WR LWV FUHDWRUVWKH TXLHW VRPH VD\ VK\

    /XFDV SODFHG RQH IRRW LQWR P\ RIILFH DQG VDLG *UHDW FDPHUD

    VKRWDQGWKHQZDVVXGGHQO\JRQH

    :HZHUH LQ/XFDVV QH[W ILOP5HWXUQ RI WKH -HGL LQ D '

    KRORJUDSKLF VKRW WKDW 5HHYHV DQG 'XII H[HFXWHG $QG /XFDVV

    FORVHIULHQG6WHYHQ6SLHOEHUJXVHGWKHWHDPVKRUWO\WKHUHDIWHULQ

    7KH

  • 7/28/2019 Graphic Remembrance

    16/17

    Graphics Remembrances

    ,((($QQDOVRIWKH+LVWRU\RI&RPSXWLQJ9RO1R

    FRUUHODWHZLWKWKHLPDJHEHLQJVDPSOHGWKHQWKHPRVWFRPPRQ

    SDWKRORJLFDOFDVHV ZHUH IDU OHVV OLNHO\ WRFDXVHPDMRUSUREOHPV

    3DWKRORJLFDO FDVHVZRXOG EH IDU PRUH XQOLNHO\ LI WKH VDPSOLQJ

    SDWWHUQZHUH VRPH QRQUHJXODU SDWWHUQ VXFK DV D GLWKHU SDWWHUQ

    'LWKHUSDWWHUQVKDGEHHQVSHFLILFDOO\ZRUNHGRXWWRPLQLPL]HDQ\

    'RU'SDWWHUQV WKH H\HPLJKWGHWHFW )RU WKDW UHDVRQ LWZDV

    DOVRFOHDUWKDWUDQGRPSDWWHUQVZHUHQRWZKDWZDVFDOOHGIRUKHUH

    EHFDXVH WUXO\ UDQGRP SDWWHUQV FDQ DOORZ IRU ERWK GHJHQHUDWHVDPSOLQJDQGUHJXODULW\LQWKHVDPSOLQJ:KLOHQRWDQDQDO\WLFDOO\

    SHUIHFWVROXWLRQGLWKHULQJ WKHVDPSOHSRLQWVVXUHO\VHHPHGOLNHD

    JUHDW SUDFWLFDO ZD\ WR JHQHUDWH DQWLDOLDVHG LPDJHV XVLQJPDQ\

    SURFHVVRUV WKDW GLG QRW QHHG WR WDON WR HDFKRWKHU7KLVZDV IDU

    EHWWHUWKDQZKDWZDVEHLQJGRQHDWWKHWLPH

    Pathological cases would be far more

    unlikely if the sampling pattern were

    some nonregular pattern, such as a

    dither pattern.

    :RZ 7KLV ZDV ELJ WLPH H[FLWLQJ , WKRXJKW (DJHU IRU

    FRQILUPDWLRQ,DVNHGRXUDOJRULWKPJXUX7RP3RUWHUWRORRNLQWR

    LW'HHSO\IRFXVHGRQSDLQWLQJDOJRULWKPVDWWKHWLPHKHUHWXUQHG

    DFRXSOHRIKRXUVODWHUDQGVDLGKHGLGQRWWKLQNLWZDVSDUWLFXODUO\

    XVHIXO,ZDVFUHVWIDOOHQLWKDGORRNHGOLNHVXFKDJRRGLGHDWR

    PH%XWKHNQHZDORWPRUHDERXWPDWKDQGDOJRULWKPVWKDQ,GLG

    DQG,KDGDORWRIFRQILGHQFHLQKLP,VWLOOGR$VLWWXUQHGRXWDW

    /XFDVILOP 3RUWHU ZHQW RQ WR PDNH PDMRU FRQWULEXWLRQV WR WKH

    DOJRULWKP DQG EHFDPH D FRDXWKRU RI WKH IDPHG 6LJJUDSK

    SDSHU'LVWULEXWHG 5D\7UDFLQJ 1RQHWKHOHVVGHVSLWH3RUWHUV

    GLVFRXUDJHPHQWDWWKHWLPH,FRXOGQRWJHWLWRXWRIP\KHDGWKDW

    WKLVZDVDJRRGLGHDVR,ORRNHGIRUSULRUUHVHDUFK

    , WKHQ VSRNH ZLWK 'DYH -DPHV DQ DXGLR GLJLWDO VLJQDO

    SURFHVVLQJWDOHQWZKRVDLGWKHFORVHVWKHKDGKHDUGRIVXFKLGHDV

    FRQFHUQHGWKHDGGLWLRQRISVHXGRUDQGRPQRLVHWRDXGLRVLJQDOVLQ

    RUGHUWRPDVNTXDQWL]DWLRQHUURUVDQGVRPHUHVHDUFKRQWKHHUURU

    HIIHFWVRIXQLQWHQGHGQRQXQLIRUPDXGLRVDPSOLQJUDWHV+RZHYHU

    QHLWKHUVHHPHGGLUHFWO\UHOHYDQWWRP\UHVHDUFK6RPHWLPHODWHU

    DWDQXQIRUJHWWDEOHGLQQHUDW&KDUOLH%URZQV5HVWDXUDQW,DVNHG

    6WHYH *DEULHO RXU YLGHR GLJLWDO VLJQDO SURFHVVLQJ JX\ DQG D

    FUHDWLYHZKL]DWVDPSOLQJWKHRU\ZKDWKHWKRXJKWDERXWWKHLGHD

    $IWHUILYHPLQXWHVRI SRQGHULQJKLVIDFHOLWXSDQGKHH[FLWHGO\

    SURFODLPHG WKDW QRW RQO\ ZRXOG LW ZRUN EXW LQ IDFW LW ZDV DQ

    H[FHOOHQWLGHD$OOULJKW

    7KHQH[W\HDU ,ZHQWWR/XFDVILOPV6SURFNHW6\VWHPV QRZ

    3L[DUWROHDGWKH3L[DULPDJHFRPSXWHUKDUGZDUHSURMHFW2QFH

    DJDLQV\QWKHVLVZDVQRWP\IRFXVEXW,FRXOGQRWJHWWKHGLWKHUHG

    VDPSOLQJLGHDRXWRIP\KHDG,VRRQEHJDQVXJJHVWLQJWKDWWKH

    'JX\VFKHFNLWRXW(YHQWXDOO\5RE&RRNZKRKDGWKHQHHGHG

    PDWKDQGVRIWZDUHEDFNJURXQGDJUHHGWRORRNLQWRLWGHVSLWHKLV

    KHDY\ ZRUNORDG +H JHQHUDWHG LQWULJXLQJ H[FLWLQJ WHVW LPDJHV

    ZLWKRXWDOLDVHVDQGHVWDEOLVKHGWKDWUDQGRPVDPSOLQJZDVQRWWKH

    ULJKW DSSURDFKYDOLGDWLQJ P\ LQLWLDO LQVLJKW WKDW GLWKHUHG

    VDPSOLQJZRXOG EH VXSHULRU WR UDQGRP VDPSOLQJ $W WKH VDPH

    WLPHLQDQDPD]LQJFRLQFLGHQFH$OY\5D\6PLWKDSSHDUHGZLWKD

    MXVW SXEOLVKHG6FLHQFH DUWLFOHFRQFHUQHGZLWK WKHGLVWULEXWLRQRI

    URGVDQGFRQHVLQDPRQNH\VH\HVWKH\ZHUHQRQXQLIRUP+RO\

    VPRNHVWKLVZDVWKHZD\QDWXUHGLGLW:KDWDYDOLGDWLRQ ,WZDV

    RQHRIWKHPRVWH[FLWLQJPRPHQWVRIP\FDUHHU

    )URPWKHUH3RLVVRQGLVNGLVWULEXWLRQWLPHGLVWULEXWLRQIRUPRWLRQ

    EOXU OHQV GLVWULEXWLRQ IRU GHSWK RI ILHOG DQG IRUPDOL]DWLRQ WR

    VWRFKDVWLFVDPSOLQJDQG0RQWH&DUORLQWHJUDWLRQZHUHDGGHGE\&RRN

    DQGRWKHUVVHHWKH6LJJUDSKSDSHUE\&RRN3RUWHUDQG/RUHQ

    &DUSHQWHU &RRNV HOHJDQW GHYHORSPHQW RI VWRFKDVWLF VDPSOLQJ

    PHWKRGVLVLQWKH-DQXDU\$&07UDQVDFWLRQVRQ*UDSKLFV

    5RGQH\6WRFNHQJLQHHUHG(YDQVDQG6XWKHUODQGIOLJKWVLPXODWRUV

    LQWKHV+HOHGWKHKDUGZDUHGHVLJQHIIRUWIRU$PSH[SDLQW

    V\VWHPVDQGIRUWKH/XFDVILOP3L[DULPDJHFRPSXWHU,QKH

    IRXQGHGWKH&RPSXWHU$UWV,QVWLWXWHORFDWHGLQ6DQ)UDQFLVFR+H

    KDV SDUWLFLSDWHG LQ VHYHUDO 6LJJUDSK WXWRULDOV DQG KDV EHHQ D

    FRQWULEXWLQJHGLWRUIRU&RPSXWHU*UDSKLFV:RUOG

    5RGQH\6WRFNFDQEHFRQWDFWHGDW

    &\SUHVV

    6DQ$QVHOPR&$86$

    HPDLOUVWRFN#PLFURZHEFRP

    k

    The Virtual Humans Storyby Nadia Magnenat Thalmannand Daniel Thalmann,QWKHHDUO\VZHGHYHORSHG0,5$RQHRIWKHILUVWDEVWUDFW

    GDWDW\SH ODQJXDJHV IRU JUDSKLFV DQG D IRUHUXQQHU RI PRGHUQ

    REMHFWRULHQWHG ODQJXDJHV 0,5$ ZDV GHVLJQHG WR IDFLOLWDWH WKH

    DQLPDWLRQ RI YLUWXDO ZRUOGV DQG ' FKDUDFWHUV 'HVSLWH LWV

    DSSDUHQW DQWHFHGHQWV LQ /DWLQ DQG 5RPDQFH ZRUGV UHODWLQJ WR

    YLVLRQ WKH ODQJXDJH ZDV DFWXDOO\ QDPHG DIWHU RXU GRJ 0RUH

    UHFHQWO\RXUGRJKDVEHHQFRPPHPRUDWHGLQ0,5$/DEWKHILUVW

    DXWKRUV ODE LQ *HQHYD 8VLQJ WKH 0,5$ VRIWZDUH ZH KDYH

    SXUVXHG RXU JRDO RI V\QWKHVL]LQJKXPDQ ILJXUHVZKLFKZH FDOO

    YLUWXDOKXPDQV,QWKLVHVVD\ZHZLOOEULHIO\UHFDOOVRPHVRFLDO

    PRPHQWVRIRXUUHVHDUFK

    ,QLQFROODERUDWLRQZLWK3KLOLSSH%HUJHURQZHSURGXFHG

    'UHDP )OLJKW D ILOP GHSLFWLQJ D SHUVRQ LQ WKH IRUP RI DQ

    DUWLFXODWHGVWLFNILJXUHWUDQVSRUWHGRYHUWKH$WODQWLF2FHDQIURP

    3DULVWR1HZ

  • 7/28/2019 Graphic Remembrance

    17/17

    ,((($QQDOVRIWKH+LVWRU\RI&RPSXWLQJ9RO1R

    )LQDOO\LQ0DUFKOWKHDFWUHVVDQGDFWRUZHUHJLYHQQHZOLIH

    DVYLUWXDOKXPDQV

    7KHYLUWXDO0RQURHDQG%RJDUWDUHQRZ\HDUVROG0RQURH

    KDVDFTXLUHGDGHJUHHRILQGHSHQGHQWLQWHOOLJHQFHVKHHYHQSOD\V

    WKHDXWRQRPRXVUROHRIDUHIHUHHDQQRXQFLQJWKHVFRUHRIDUHDO

    WLPH VLPXODWHGWHQQLVPDWFKRQ DYLUWXDOFRXUWFRQWHVWHGE\WKH

    'FORQHVRIWZRUHDOSOD\HUVVLWXDWHGDVIDUDSDUWDV/RV$QJHOHV

    DQG6ZLW]HUODQG

    The government of Quebec, Canada,

    was so proud of us three Quebecers

    that Rene Levesque and his

    government ministers interrupted the

    proceedings of the National Assembly

    to telephone their congratulations to us

    at the University of Montreal.

    'XULQJWKHVWKHDFDGHPLFHVWDEOLVKPHQWSDLGRQO\VFDQWDWWHQWLRQWRUHVHDUFKRQWKHDQLPDWLRQRIYLUWXDOKXPDQV7RGD\

    KRZHYHU DOPRVW HYHU\ JUDSKLFV MRXUQDO SRSXODU PDJD]LQH RU

    QHZVSDSHU GHYRWHV VRPH VSDFH WR YLUWXDO FKDUDFWHUV DQG WKHLU

    DSSOLFDWLRQV +XQGUHGVRI UHVHDUFKHUVZRUN LQ WKH DUHD DQG DOO

    PDQQHURIVLWXDWLRQVDUHEHLQJVLPXODWHG'XULQJWKH\HDUVZKHQ

    ZHZRUNHGRXWRIWKHPDLQVWUHDPZHSHUVHYHUHGEHFDXVHRIWKH

    ZLGHVSUHDG SXEOLF DSSHDO RI RXU WRSLF DQG WKH VDWLVIDFWLRQ RI

    IROORZLQJRXURZQYLVLRQ

    1DGLD 0DJQHQDW 7KDOPDQQ DQG 'DQLHO 7KDOPDQQ KDYH

    GHYHORSHG QXPHURXV WHFKQLTXHV IRU PRGHOLQJ DQG DQLPDWLQJ

    KXPDQ ILJXUHV 7KH\ KDYH SXEOLVKHG DQG OHFWXUHG ZLGHO\3UHVHQWO\ 1DGLD0DJQHQDW 7KDOPDQQ GLUHFWV WKH 0,5$/DE LQ

    *HQHYDDQG'DQLHO7KDOPDQQLVZLWKWKH&RPSXWHU*UDSKLFV/DE

    RIWKH6ZLVV)HGHUDO,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\

    1DGLD0DJQHQDW7KDOPDQQFDQEHFRQWDFWHGDW

    0,5$/DE8QLYHUVLW\RI*HQHYD

    U*HQHUDO'XIRXU

    &+*HQHYD6ZLW]HUODQG

    HPDLOWKDOPDQQ#FXLXQLJHFK

    'DQLHO7KDOPDQQFDQEHFRQWDFWHGDW

    &RPSXWHU*UDSKLFV/DE(3)//,*

    6ZLVV)HGHUDO,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\&+/DXVDQQH6ZLW]HUODQG

    HPDLOWKDOPDQQ#OLJGLHSIOFK

    A Celebration of 20 Years of the Annals$VPDQ\RI\RXDUHDZDUHWKH$QQDOVLVQRZLQLWVWK\HDU

    RI SXEOLFDWLRQ7KH(GLWRULQ&KLHI SODQV D VSHFLDO UHWURVSHFWLYHLVVXHIRUWKHILQDOLVVXHWKLV\HDU

    ,Q WKH PHDQWLPH WKH ,((( &RPSXWHU 6RFLHW\ LV KHOSLQJ WR

    FHOHEUDWH WKH RFFDVLRQ E\ RIIHULQJ PHPEHUV RI WKH VRFLHW\ DQ

    DGGLWLRQDOSHUFHQWRIIWKHPHPEHUSULFHRILWVFRPSXWHUKLVWRU\

    ERRNV$VWKH&RPSXWHU6RFLHW\KDVRQHRIWKHEHVWVHOHFWLRQVRI

    ZRUNV IURP WKLV DUHD , WKLQN WKDW WKLV LV QRW RQO\ D QLFH

    DFNQRZOHGJPHQWRIRXUWKELUWKGD\EXWDOVRRQHWKDWPLJKWKHOS

    RXUUHDGHUVEXLOGXSWKHLURZQOLEUDU\LQWKLVILHOG

    )XUWKHU LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW WKLV VSHFLDO ELUWKGD\ RIIHU LV

    DYDLODEOH E\FRQWDFWLQJWKH ,(((&RPSXWHU6RFLHW\GLUHFWO\ DW

    &6%22.6 RU YLVLWLQJ LWV :HE VLWH

    ZKLFKLVDYDLODEOHWKURXJKhttp://computer.org