Graphene - Final Presentation

8/13/2019 Graphene - Final Presentation

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GrapheBY ZACH MERINO & TY

(Wikkicommons)



Discovery

Andre Geim (left) andKostya Novoselov

Both did research atManchester University

Both received the

2010 Nobel Prize inPhysics for theirdiscovery ofgraphene





Graphene’s Popularity

Graphene’s popularitysince it was able to beisolated has grownexponentially

Before the isolation of

graphene manyapplications were onlytheorized



That Stuff in your pencil…

2D molecular structure madeof carbon atoms

1/106 thinner than paper

Honeycomb lattice pattern

Electrons act as if they haveno mass

What is Graphene?

(Barron, a



Properties ofGraphene

Strongest materiadiscovered thus fa

Takes 100-300 timforce to break thbonds than stee

Would take an estanding on a pe

break a piece ofgraphene the thsaran wrap.

Flexible, as well as,transparent

(nanoGUNE)



Properties of Graphene

Lightest material know thus far

Aerogel 7.5 times lighter than air

Density of Aerogel: 0.1mg/cm2

Density of air: 1.2 mg/c





Properties ofGraphene

Theorized to beable to beferromagnetic

(Tune)



Graphene Nanoribbons (GNR)

Graphene nanoribbons areultrathin strips of graphene

Typically <50nm wide

These GNR can be applied tomaterials for multiple purposes:

Applied to gas storagecontainers

Applied to materialsurfaces

Advantage of nanoribbonsover carbon nanotubes

(k3-



So why is this material Important?

Graphene’s copious range of properties, lendsitself to a wide array of applications

Including imbedding graphene into commonmaterials to improve performance

Helping understand the frontiers of physics



How Graphene is Being Applied

Graphene is applied toboth faces of a substrate(poly vinylidene fluoride)

Low fidelity (Lo-fi) speaker

Windows/screens could

also be a speaker

(



Electrostatically-Driven GrapheneSpeaker

First Graphene AudioSpeaker Easily OutperformsTraditional Designs

“The graphene speaker,with almost nospecialized acoustic

design, performscomparably to a highquality commercialheadset.”

- Zhou and Zettl



Flexible Photovoltaic Cells

In new hydric

photovoltaic cellsGraphene is used inplace of indium tin oxide

zinc-oxide nanowires withquantum dot structures

Process is very scalable

(Chan



Ferromagnetism in Graphene?

The removal of carbon

atoms in graphene,called Vacancies, havemagnetic properties.

These magnetic dipoleshave strong magneticeffects on graphene’s

electrons. Magnetic storage and

MRAM

Alignment Vacancies

(Tune)



3-dimensional Graphene Structures

Lithium oxide is reacted

with carbon monoxide This produces lithium

carbonate and threedimensional honeycomblike graphene

The lithium carbonate

helps form the graphenehoneycomb structure

Lithium carbonate thencan be dissolved

(Michigan Technologic





Graphene’s impact on Science

Graphene provides mini-

labs for scientist to studyelectrons

In graphene electronsact like ultra-relativisticparticles

Through magnetic field fluxelectrons can bemanipulated.

("discovering



Graphene’s impact on Science

Better understanthe swelling/shriearth’s radiation

The fluctuations predict space w

Help with sattechnology

Help predict disturbances

(Schmidt)



If Graphene is so Great, Why is itNot Being Used?

Graphene was only found to be able to be isolated in2010

Since that time work with graphene has grownexponentially

Still the issue daunting scientist is how to now make these

applications accessible to the masses To do this, these applications must me scalable to an

industrial scale



Unzipping Carbon Nanotubes

Sulfuric acid andpotassiumpermanganate ato “unzip” the cananotubes

Process is quick aoccur at roomtemperature.

Tubes can be “unany where alongstructure.

(University of Rice)



Other Methods of Producing GNR

Argon plasetching

Alkali-Metainsertion

Nanopartic“scissors”

(Terrones 845-846)



Chemical vapor Deposition

CVD is a common way

of creating carbonnanotubes

Is widely used in industryalready

Efficient in creating high

quality sheets ofgraphene

(Mukho



How Does CVD Work?

A gaseous mixture of

reactive reactants ispumped into anionization chamber

Ionization chamber istemperature controllthrough heating elem

and pressurized gas

Excess reacted gas ispumped out of thechamber

(Gore, and Sane)



Unzipping of CNT vs. CVD

Unzipping Carbon

Nanotubes Reaction happens near

room temperature

Produces graphenenanoribbons in patches

Over all cheaper thanchemical vapordeposition

Chemical Vapor Deposition Reaction happens at

temperatures exceeding700 degrees Fahrenheit

Produces layers of

graphene the shape ofthe substrate

Excess reacted gas mustbe disposed of



Resources Stewart, Doug. "Graphene and Nanotubes Will Replace Silicon in Tomo

Machines." 07 05 2013. Web. 27 Oct. 2013. discovermagazine.com.

Venere, Emil. "Project aims to mass-produce 'nanopetals' for sensors, ba10 2013. Web. 27 Oct. 2013. phys.org.

Williams, Mike. "Tanks, graphene! Rice advances compressed gas storaWeb. 27 Oct. 2013. news.rice.edu.

Michigan Technological University. "3-D graphene: Solar cells' newplatinum?."ScienceDaily, 20 Aug. 2013. Web. 27 Oct. 2013.

Springer Science+Business Media. "Physicists study fast-moving electrongraphene as a model laboratory for massless particles."ScienceDaily, 3Web. 27 Oct. 2013.

University of Rice. "Rice researchers unzip the future." Rice National Stor13 Web. 6 Nov. 2013. www.rice.edu.



Resources Johnson, Dexter. "Graphene Nanoribbons Bring New Twist to Li-ion Batte

2013: Web. 10 Nov. 2013. spectrum.ieee.org.

Brewster, Signe. "What is graphene? Here’s what you need to know abomaterial that could be the next silicon." 15 07 2013: web. gigaom.com.

University of Oxford. "Routes towards defect-free graphene." ScienceDa2013. Web. 10 Nov. 2013

Gong, Jian. Graphene Simulation. Croatia : InTech, 2011. 386. Print.

Barron, Andrew, and Christopher Hamilton. "Graphene." 25 04 2012: n. p

16 Nov. 2013. cnx.org. Gayle, Damien. "Scientists develop lightest solid material ever which ca

on top of a flower." 20 03 2013: Web. 17 Nov. 2013. dailymail.co.uk.

Anthony, Sebastian. "Graphene aerogel is seven times lighter than air, on a blade of grass." 10 04 2013: Web. 17 Nov. 2013. extremetech.com





Resources Tapsut, Somsak. "Build Your Own Solar Panels In Really Effortless Way." M

Panel. 24 05 2013: Web. 19 Nov. 2013. bestsellersolarpower.blogspot.co

arXiv, . "MIT Technology Review." First Graphene Audio Speaker Easily OTraditional Designs. 13 03 2013: Web. 24 Nov. 2013. technologyreview.c

O'Brien, Terrence. "Transparent graphene speakers printed with inkjets, windows are on their way." 11 24 2011: Web. 24 Nov. 2013. technologyr

Poór, Viktor. "Nobel Prize in Physics 2010 (catoon)." 06 08 2010: Web. 24 scilogs.com.

Gore, Jay, and Anup Sane. "Flame Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes." 20Web. 24 Nov. 2013. intechopen.com.

Mukhopadhyay, Sharmila. "Center for Nanoscale Multifunctional Mater24 Nov. 2013. cecs.wright.edu.

http://www.technologyreview.com/






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Graphene - Final Presentation