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Grant Writing and Proposal Development: Getting Started
Savannah State University
Brenda D. Hayes, MSW, MPH, DSWResearch Assistant Prof., CHPM &Director, Grant and Proposal DevelopmentOffice of Sponsored Research AdministrationMorehouse School of MedicineAtlanta, GASeptember 1, 2011
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Workshop Objectives
By the end of the session, participants will: Be better positioned to initiate, develop and
critique their proposals/grant applications Know the difference between FINER, SMART,
and GNOME mnemonics Understand the important connections between
well defined questions, hypotheses, goals, aims/objectives and the methodology or approach.
Have some ideas about ways to evaluate the projects
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In Language,
clarity is everything.-Confucius Chinese philosopher 551-479 BCE
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FAQs
What do all of those abbreviations (RFP, RFA, CFP, RFI, FOA, NGA, NOFA, etc.) mean?
When should I start? Where do I look for funding? Are there better or best times to
search for FOAs?
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More FAQ: How can I write a proposal or build a
team when I spend all of my time doing _____?
Where can I find examples of successful grants?
I don’t know anything about budgets, so who will help me?
Where can I get some help?
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Conduct a personal assessment of your readiness, capability and eligibility to apply for grant funding
Assess, update and determine if your literature review and your ideas are comprehensive and timely
Assemble your team Develop a time line
Before you write a word:
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Successful Applications
Direct, concise, compelling, convincing, capable and resourceful
Addresses a significant/important problem
Explicit goals, measurable objectives Comprehensive but succinct
background review Methodology fits the problem Appropriate funding mechanism
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Unsuccessful Applications Failure to follow
directions Lack of new or
original ideas Diffuse, superficial
or unfocused research; lack of clearly stated hypothesis and rationale
Lack of an overall research goal; uncertainty about future directions
Lack of knowledge of relevant literature
Questionable reasoning in design
Lack of demonstrated experience in methodology (lacks details)
Format issues Over-ambitious
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Getting Started
• What do you wish to achieve?
• What specific activities/services?
• Capability and Assets• Previous Record• Collaborators and
Partners• Evaluation
• Goals• Objectives• Methodology• Organizational History• Network• Results oriented• Evidence of Impact
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Goals of the Organization
Initial ProjectIdea
Assessing Capability
Assessing NeedFor the Idea
Submitting theProposal
Planning ProposalWriting
Writing theProposal
Identifying AlternativeApproaches
DEVELOPING THE IDEA MODEL FOR PROPOSAL DEVELOPMENT
Selecting FundingSource
Gathering NecessaryData
Building Support& Involvement
This handout taken from Getting Funded:
A Complete Guide To Proposal Writing by Mary Hill, 1998.
Available from Continuing Education Publication,
P.O. Box 1491, Portland, OR 97207
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Developing Your Idea(s)
Needs Assessment Evidence of the problem Local, county, state, national
Capability Assessment Organizational People Past and present history Resources (Funds, expertise, etc.)
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Develop Your Research Question
F= Is it Feasible?I = Is it interesting?N = Is it Novel?E = Is it Ethical?R = Is it Realistic?*
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If this is a non-research proposal, then
G = GoalsN = NeedsO = ObjectivesM = MethodsE = Evaluation
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Proposal Development and Grant Seeking Overview
Plan the Proposal Write the ProposalDesign the EvaluationDevelop the BudgetIdentify Potential Funding Sources
Revise as necessarySubmit the ProposalFollow-Up
Private Proposal Development Template
Project/Program
History/Background
• Analogies• Facts• Statistics• Experience• Expert• Example Need
Action Statement
Summary
Idea
• Organizational history• Population Demographics
• Sites ?• Program areas
• Staff time• Collaborators/Partners
• Small Grants or Pilot Funds?• Training?
• Service/Training Opps with other orgs• Previous partnerships
• Community Based Research• Development Projects?
• One page executive summary on the need for project, competencies to address the need, timetable for completion and funding request
• Prepared by Program or Organizational Staff
• Includes specific funding request and justification for the amount, include in kind amounts and other leveraged (or existing) funding, shared portion of the budget?
Morehouse School of Medicine:
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Grants Language: Vocabulary Objectives can be
Process/Formative Outcomes/Impact/Summative
SMART is an acronym (mnemonic)SpecificMeasurableAchievableRealisticTimely
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Proposal (Exec.) Summary or Letter Of Intent (LOI)
At the Beginning of the Proposal 1 Sentence on Credibility 1 Sentence on Problem 1 Sentence on Objectives 1 Sentence on Methods Funds: Requested or On Hand Should be: Brief, specific and to the
point This can also fit an “abstract”
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Proposal Introduction Identifies the Grant Applicant States the Purpose and/or Goal Describes Your Programs Describes Your Clients, Target
Population, Focus States Your Achievements Establishes Your Credibility Documents Credibility Keep it Brief
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Background and Significance
Did I provide sufficient background information to set the stage?
Does my review reflect a thorough understanding of the field or area?
Are there gaps in knowledge? Is the proposed work innovative? Will it increase knowledge? Is the proposal novel?
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Theoretical Considerations
Basic SciencesBiomedical Approaches
Clinical and Translational ApproachesPublic HealthHealth Belief ModelsTrans-theoretical
Behavioral SciencesBio-PsychosocialSocial Ecological ApproachesSocial Determinants of Health
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A Social-Ecological Framework: U.S.
Preventive Services Task Force
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Methodology Do you have any preliminary data? Must include details about specific
activities One or More activity for Each
Objective Specify
Who will do them When they will be done How will they be accomplished How long will each activity take or occur
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Measurement
Should Be in Terms of Data Used To Establish Need
Select Objectives That Show Project Influenced the Same Measures need -- poor reading performance objective -- should not relate to
attendance but to reading performance
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Activities: (Experiments, interventions, etc.)
Explanations about how the project will reach the stated objectives
Necessary to the Success of the Project Undertake Only Those That Will Move
the Project Toward Realization of the Objectives
Fully Describe all of the activities in the Proposal
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EVALUATION
Can reflect: Structure Process Outcomes Impact A platform or partnership for the
next project
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EVALUATION Include an evaluation plan Specifically discuss what you intend
to deliver, based on your objectives There should be some measurement
involved, e.g., number of participants served, brochures developed, contacts made, presentations given, etc.
It is ok to include an evaluator but….
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Results and Conclusions
Make sure that there is a consistent and coherent flow
Consider where you started Is the theory you suggested evident
in your conclusions? Did you identify any constraints or
limitations? What are the next steps?
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General Tips and Comments
Take sufficient time to prepare a good abstract, LOI, or concept paper
Avoid jargon and acronyms Always include a budget and budget
justification Be careful when you cut and paste:
assure uniformity of font size and type
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More tips… You must reflect an adequate and
comprehensive literature review, use relevant and current references and citations
Make sure that the expected study outcome (s) fit the design, e.g., looking for a change in behavior based on a retrospective chart analysis, causation, associations, etc.
Background and significance vs. preliminary studies ???
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Some proposals faculty could consider:
(ENHANCEMENT PROPOSALS) Student Access and Success Curricula Revisions and Workforce
Development Partnerships Technology and Distance Education Professional Development
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Add student researchers:
Include them in your budget Provide them with mentoring Models for student success (alums?) NSF, RIMI, MARC, etc. Explore other ways to include
students in your research efforts
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And So We Begin
Knowing is not enough; we must apply.
Willing is not enough; we must do.
-Goethe
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John W. Cresswell. Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1994
Arlene Fink. Conducting Research Literature Reviews: From Paper to the Internet. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1998.
William Gerin (Ed.) Writing the NIH Grant Proposal: a Step-By-Step Guide (2nd Ed.) Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2011.
Lawrence F. Locke, Waneen Wyrick Spirduso and Stephen J. Silverman. Proposals that Work: A Guide for Planning Dissertations and Grant Proposals. (4th Ed.) Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 2000.
Jeremy T. Miner and Lynn E. Miner. Models of Proposal Planning & Writing. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2005.
Writing Grant Proposals That Win. Edited by Deborah Ward. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2006.
Otto O. Yang. Guide to Effective Grant Writing: How to Write an Effective NIH Grant Application New York, N.Y.: Springer Science & Business Media, Inc., 2005
References
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References
● Hayes, Brenda D. Grant Writing for Community-Based Health Disparities Research and Services: The Role of Academic /Community Partnerships. In: Wallace, B.C.(editor) Toward Equity in Health: A New Global Approach to Health Disparities. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co., 2008.
● Ockene JK, Edgerton EA, Teutsch SM, Marion LN, Miller T, Genevro JL, Loveland-Cherry CJ, Fielding JE, Briss PA. Integrating evidence-based clinical and community strategies to improve health. Am J Prev Med 2007;32:244-252.
● Lusk, S.L. Developing an Outstanding Grant Application. Western Journal of Nursing Research. 2004; 26(3), 367-373.
Master of Public Health Program
NyThea Campbell Tolbert, MPHAcademic Support Specialist
Phone: 404-752-1957
Fax: 404-752-1051
Email: [email protected]
Graduate Education in Biomedical Sciences Programs
Ph.D. in Biomedical SciencesM.S. in Biomedical ResearchM.S. in Biomedical TechnologyM.S. in Clinical Research ([email protected])Post baccalaureate Certificate in Biomedical Science
Contact for program information:Douglas F. Paulsen, Ph.D.
Associate Dean for Graduate Studies