Grammata Serica Recensa by Bernhard Karlgren

BERNHARD KARLGREN

GRAMMATA SERICA RECENSA

REPRINTED FROM THE MUSEUM OF F AB EASTERN ANTIQUITIES, BULLETIN 29

STOCKHOLM 1957

/6 7 .~ ,_)

BERNHARD KARLGREN

GRAMMATA SERICA RECENSA

\ 1 . l

REPRINTED FROM THE l\IUSEUlU OF FAR EASTERN ANTIQUITIES, BULLETIN 29

STOCiiHOLM 1957

..

GRAMMATA SERICA RECEN SA BY

BERNHARD KARLGREN

INTRODUCTION

It was in the Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities 12, 1940, that the Grammata Serica was first published. This edition is now exhausted, and it has seemed desirable to issue a new edition.l)

For several reasons, however, a mere reprint was out of the question; a thorough revision, embod:ying a multitude of new facts, has been found indispensable. In fact, the presen_t version is to a large extent a new work; hence the new title: Grammata Serica Recensa. It has been included in our Bulletin 29 in order to furnish all subscribers to our Bulletins with the new work, which is to supplant the older one, now obsolete in certain respects. The principal modifications are of two kinds.

In the first place, the classical texts contain a great number of words and phrases the m.eanings of which are in dispute and have been the subject of many learned discussions by Chinese philologists. In giving my definitions of meanings in the G. S. of 1940 I could follow neither Couvreur nor Legge. Couvreur accepted slavishly the interpretations of the Sung school, although these have very often been conclusively refuted by eminent Ts'ing scholars. Legge picked out at random his interpretations from various commen_taries of Sung, Yiian rtnd Ming times with almost as little consideration of the Ts'ing philology as Couvreur's. The Chinese dictionaries gave just as little help. The K'ang hi tsi tien as well as the modern Ts''i yuan merely repeated the ordinary orthodox glosses without regard to the brilliant Chinese researches of the 18th and 19th centuries.2)

I had, in 1940, no other expedient than to follow faithfully the Han time scholars and commentators, nearest in time (and thus in tradition) to the creative Chou era. In the years since 1940, however, I have published the results of extensive

1 ) In the very same year (1940) that the Grmnmata Serica was published in Sweden, a pirated edition of it (a photographic reprint) was published in Peking without my permission or knowledge.

2) The more recent Ts'i hai is somewhat better in this respect, but only occasionally does it draw upon the foremost Ts'ing scholars, ancl it is thus far from satisfactory; to a large extent it repeats uncritically word definitions from various early glossists refuted long ago by the best Chinese philo-logists.

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BULLETIN OF THE MUSEUM OF FAR EASTERN ANTIQUITIES

researches in the earliest Chinese classical texts (Shi: king and Shu king),!) On scores of moot points my conclusions (based on a discussion of the best Ts'ing researches on the one hand and on linguistic arguments of my own on the other) have led me to reject the traditional interpretations and introduce different ones. A new edition of the G. S. had necessarily to take these results of mine into account, and so the definitions of meanings in the dictionary often diverge radically from those in the first edition. I have found it useful to give full references to the argumentations in my critical works on the Shi: and the Shu.2)

I always indicate the source of a meaning given (Shi:, Shu, Lunyii etc.) These data are necessarily brief, and the student who wishes fuller references has to turn, in the first place, to the excellent Index works published by the Harvard Yenching Institute, and, secondly, to the Shuo \Will t'ung hun ting sheng by Chu Tsun-sheng or similar works.

In the second place, I have filled a serious void in the first version. vVe can know very little of the tones in Archaic Chinese, and since my primary interest in 1940 was to show what a fine key the archaic pronunciation gives to the phonetic compounds (h i e she n g) of the script, despite our ignorance of the tones; I left the words bare of any tone marks at all. To every linguist, however, it is of great interest to find registered what we really do know about the tones, and as far as Ancient Chinese (the language of the Ts'ie ylin, around 600 A. D.) is concerned, we have a detailed knowledge of them. Consequently, I have inserted here the Anc. Ch. tones of every character, not only its tone with its principal meaning, such as is recorded in the Ts'ie y1in (with T'ang y1in and Kuang yiin), but also the tone variations it has undergone when used with other shades of meaning or as k i a t s i e (phonetic loan character). In order to obtain all these facts I have had to refer constantly to the passages in the classics where it occurs and from there to the sound glosses of Lu Le-min.g (in the King tien shl wen, here called Sruwen).

On the whole, a great amount of work has been devoted to the Ancient and Archaic readings generally, not only their tones. Curiously enough, there is not a Chinese or V\Testern dictionary which, in regard to the readings, has not mixed up data of the most heterogeneous kinds. They are all, therefore, misleading on numerous points. You cannot draw indiscriminately on the Kuang yiin, the Tsi yiin, the Yiin huei and the Cheng ylin, as all predecessors have done. The safest of them all is, to this day, the K'ang hi ts'i tien, since it at least indicates from which mediaeval dictionary it has borrowed each separate reading (though sometimes it

1 ) Bernhard Karlgren, Glosses on the Kuo feng Odes, Bull. 14, 1942; Glosses on the Siao ya Odes Bull. 16, 1944; Glosses on theTa ya and Sung Odes, Bull. 18, 1946; Glosses on the Book of Documents Bull. 20, 1948; Glosses on the Book of Documents II, Bull. 21, 1949.

) My Glosses on these works (see the preceding note) are numbered in a continuous sequence, so that a reference here such as Gl. 155>) ( = Gloss 155) or >)Gls. 306, 892 ( = Glosses 306 and 892) will take the reader who has these available directly to the gloss or glosses in question.

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BERNHARD KARLGREN: GRAMMATA SERICA RECENSA

gives erroneous information even in this respect). Ts''i ylian is deplorably faulty in regard to the readings. Ts'1 hai is somewhat better, but like its predecessors it draws, in its readings, upon all kinds of heterogeneous sources quite uncritically, not realizing the necessity of keeping within one school of tradition, with the readings based on one and the same ancient pronunciation, for instance that of the Capital as opposed to that of dialectal areas, in order to obtain a consistent, systematic result.1 )

Fortunately it is possible to obtain a perfectly consistent set of readings for all the words occurring in the classics, in their various meanings. This is because we have two excellent sources: firstly the Ts'ie yiin dictionary published in 601 A. D.,2) and secondly the King tien shi: wen by Lu Te-ming (died about 630 A. D.). These two sources are based on one and the same ancient pronunciation, that of the Capital Ch'ang-an, and they supplement each other exceedingly well. In our present GSR. we keep strictly within the Ts'ie_yiin-Shi:wen tradition, and we do not mix up with data of these consistent and precious sources any extraneous matter from unrelated sources like the Tsi yiin of Sung time, or the Cheng yiin of early ~fing time, as all previous lexicographers, both Chinese and Western, have done.

The letters used in our GSR. for designating Arch. and Anc. Chin. sounds are as follows:

Gutturals Palatals

Voiceless: k, Tc', X t, t ', s, ts, ts'

Dentals t, t', s, ts, ts' Supradentals ~' t~, t~' Labials p, p' Laryngals ('iu)

Consonants:

Voiced: g, g', ng, y a, a, n, j, z, di', nz d, d', n, l, r, z, dz, dz' d( b, b', m, w 0 (iu).

K', g' etc. are aspirates; X= Germ. ach, y =North-German g in wagen (fricative); t etc. are formed like the Ital. c in citta with the predorsum against the alveoli; the laryngal '('j1t) is the ))Knacklaut)> in Germ. 'Eclce; no initalletter: 0 (i_u) is a smooth vocalic ingress, as in Engl. aim.

1 ) A single example: for i]i 'slice of meat' (Liki: Shao yi) Ts'i hai gives the reading fN: ~ id. e. J'fiip (c he), whereas the correct reading, according to the authoritative King tien shiwen, is z ~ id. e. t#iip ( c he). For its aberrant reading {l'i_iip it bases itself upon Cheng tsi t'ung (a dictionary first published in 1705 A. D.!) quoted in K'ang hi tsi tien.

2 ) With its enlarged versions T'ang ytin and Kuang yiin. The useful compilation Shi yiin huei pien contains various important Ts'ie yiin and T'ang yiin fragmentary manuscripts and the complete Kuang yful.

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c1 as in French pate; a as in French patte; lf = short d; a as e in Germ. Knabe; e as in French ete; a as in Germ. Biir;

Vowels:

E a still more open, slack ii-sound (Engl. man); D as in Engl. b7d; i as ee in Engl. bee; o as in Genu. Sommer; o as in French beau; 9 = short 6; t! = an open o as in Engl. law; 11 as in Engl. value; ~~ as in Engl. Tude; il, e, 0 =short ft, e, o; ~' ~' ~ =subordinate vowels in diphtongs or triphtongs.

For each reading of a character in the dictionary we give a triple form:

A *n1"en l1iiien I j e n t; *ko f kuo: f k u 7.W *tad 1 tui- 1 t a i

The first, with the asterisk, is the Archaic form (early Chou); the middle one is Ancient Chin. (the language of Ch'ang-an around 600 A. D.); the third is modern 1\'I:andarin.

The reader may well ask: how do we know how the words were pronounced in Arch. and Anc. Chinesd The answer is given in my work Compendium of Phonetics in Ancient and Archaic Chinese, BMFEA 26, 1954, pp. 211-367.1 ) In that extensive paper I have given the proofs for my reconstructions, step by step, and in no single case is a reconstruction propounded without a reason being clearly stated. The reason given may sometimes seem not to be an absolutely conclusive proof, but, at least, no mndom guesses about >>ancient sounds>> are made in my reconstructive system (as they are in so many other attempts). The best confirmation of my Archaic system is that it allows of a natural and organic evolutionary scheme from Arch. to Anc. Chinese; and that this Anc. Chin. of Ts'ie yiin was a true mirror Of a living language (that of Ch'ang-an) and not an artificially established compromise between various dialects of Suei time is proved by the fact that the great majority Of the widely divergent modern dialects can be systematically and logically derived from it as their ancient mother language'.

In Anc. Chin. there was the tone distinction between JJ' in g she n g (even tone): s h a n g s h eng (rising tone): k' ii she n g (falling tone). I have used

1 ) .Uso available as a separate book.

BERNHARD KARLGREN: GRAMMATA SERIGA REGENSA

the simple expedient of leaving even-tone words without any tone mark at all (e. g. )... {izien), and .to indicate rising tone by a colon after the word (ii kno:) and the falling tone by a hyphen (fi,~ tdi-).

With the aid of the An c. Chin. tones the modern Mandarin tones can be concluded in a majority of cases, according to the following rules:

A. Unmarked Anc. forms (i. e. p' in g she n g) give Mandarin Tone 1, if the Anc. form had a voiceless initial (see p. 3 above), but Mand. Tone 2, if the Anc. form had a voiced initial: :Oii *to I tno / t u 1 r!J.i t'ang 1 t'ling 1 t' an g1

~fl *sf.ang Jsjang I s i an g 1 u;JJ *d'o I d'uo 1 t' u2 f.lf *d'dng I d'dng f t' an g2

~ *dziang / zjang / s i a n g2

B. Anc. forms marked with a hyphen (k' ii she n g) always give Mand. Tone 4. :k *t'ad 1 t'di- 1 t' a i1 Ji!. *kian / kien- I k i e n4

C. Anc. forms marked with a colon (shan g she n g) give Mand. Tone 3, if they l1ad a voiceless initial (seep. 3 above) or ng-, n-, j-, n-, l-, m-; but they give ]\{and. Tone 4, if they had the affricates and fricatives): i; *ko ( lnw: 1 k ua :fifl *pwo / puo: I Jl u 3

~M tsfan / tsfJin-: I t s i e n3 :1!1 *t' an 1 t'un: 1 t' a n 3 ih'f= *sian I sian- ( s i e n3 * *u~in- 1(1~iei.: / m j3 1t! *lfag f lji: jl i3 ix *n1o j1iiwo: j n iP

remaining voiced initials (i. e. voiced explosiYes,

fi *g'o I yuo: I h u4 fti~ *b'o I b'uo: I p u1

~ *dz'jan J dz'iiin: / t s i e n4 1!! *d'an d'dn: f t a n4 f. *dian i!iin: I s h a n4 ;J& *d'ior d'iei: f t i 4 jjl~ *dziJg zi: 1 s 14 1JI *g'io / g'jwo: I k ii4

How the Anc. forms ending in -p, -t, -lc (j u she n g words) have been distributed over the :Mandarin tones cannot be read of in this book.

The Chinese script of our time is a technically modified version of the so-called s i a o chua n >>Small Seal style made obligatory in 213 B. C. (in the present 'vork simply called >>Seal>>). The earlier script forms of the Yin and Chou eras known tln-ough inscriptions on tortoise shell, bone and bronze are frequently very different from the Seal forms, and one and the same graph was often varied widely in its details. I have quoted here only a small selection of such early forms, and exclusively such as are of direct interest as prototypes of the later Seal forms and modern normalized characters. A great many of the most important bronze inscriptions can be dated within fairly narrow limits (see B. Karlgren, Yin and Chou in Chinese Bronzes, BMFEA 8); hence it has been possible to assign an approximate date to the pre-Han graphs cited. The signum Chou I for an Archaic

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graph means that it is attested in an inscription from the period 1027 - circa 900 B. C.; Chou II means c. 900 - c. 770; Chou III means c. 770 - c. 450; Chou IV means c. 450-c. 250 B. C. In other cases we have to be satisfied with wider limits: Chou Ifii means that the inscription in question falls within the period 1027-c. 770, and so forth. 1>Chom> (no.t followed by Roman figures) means that we can only know that it falls within the Chou era, and l>pre-Ham> that it is anterior to the normalization of the script in 213 B. C.

ARCHAIC GRAPHS

In the dictionary below archaic graphs will be quoted according to the following system. .,-

0 r a c I e i n s c r i p t i o n s. Yin time graphs on tortoise shell and bone will be quoted directly, by k ii a n

and page in one or other of the following repertories, represented, for brevity's sake, by capital letters:

A = Yin k'ii shu k'i ts'ien pien; B = Yin k'ii shu k'i hou pien; C = Yin k'ii shu k'i sii pien; D Yin k'ii shu k'i tsing hua; E T'ie yiin ts'ang kuei; F = T'ie yiin ts'ang kuei chi yii; G Tie yiin ts'ang kuei shi yi; H Kuei kia shou ku wen tsi; I Tsien shou t'ang so ts'ang Yin k'ii wen tsi; K Yin k'i pu ts'i; L Yin k'ii wen tsi ts'un chen; M Sin huo pu ts'i sie pen; N - T'ien ye k'ao ku pao kao I; 0 Yin k'i tsuei pien; P Yin k'i yi ts'un.

Thus, for instance, an entry like this: A 5: 40,5 means that the graph in question is to be found in Lo Chen-yii's Yin k'i.i shu k'i ts'ien pien, k i.i an 5, p. 40, shell (or bone) no. 5.

B r o n z e a n d s t o n e i n s c r i p t i o n s. The inscriptions upon which I have drawn I register here in a numbered series,

and in the dictionary an entry like this: Chou I 57 means that the graph in question is to be found in our inscription 57 below, which is an inscription of the period Chou I (cf. the introduction above). In our list of inscriptions here, the repertories are indicated by the following abbreviations:

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Chengsung Chengts'iu Eumorf.

Cheng sung t'ang tsi ku yi wen; Cheng ts'iu kuan ki kin t'u; The George Eumorfopoulos collection of Chinese and Korean Bronzes

Huaimi K'i

.... 1929, 1930; Huai mi shan fang ki kin t'u; K'i ku shi k i kin wen shu; K'ia chai tsi ku lu; Ki.in ku lu kin wen; Meng wei ts'ao t'ang ki kin t'u; Pao yi.in lou yi k'i t'u lu; San tai ki kin wen ts'1m; Senoku seisho (Surnitomo cat.); Shan chai ki kin lu; Shi er kia ki kin t'u lu; Shi ku shu ki (stone drums);

K'ia Kiin :Mengwei Faoyiin. Santai Senolm Shan Sh'ierkia Sh'iku Siaokiao Sung chai, sii T'ao

Siao kiao king ko kin shi: wen tsi; Sung chai ki kin si.i lu; T'ao chao ki kin lu;

Tsunku T'ulu Wuying

Tsun ku chai so kien ki kin t'u; Liang Chou kin wen ts'i ta hi t'u lu; Wu ying tien yi k'i t'u lu.

List of

1. Chengsung 2: 24 2. Chengsung 2: 41 3. Chengsung 2: 44 4. Chengsung 4: 12 5. Chengsung 4: 43 B. Chengsung 7: 18 7. Chengsung 8: 23 8. Chengsung 8: 24 9. Chengsung 8: 28

10. Chengsung 8: 31 11. Chengsung, sii sang 26 12. Chengsung, sii chung 4 13. Chengsung, sii chung 8 14. Chengsung, sii chung 9 15. Chengsung, sii chung 19 16. Chengsung, sii chung 24 17. Chengsung, pu shang 18 18. Chengsung, pu chung 9 19. K'i 2:1 20. K'i 3:20 21. K'i 3:20 22. K'i 5: 12 23. K'i 13:13 24. K'i 16: 3 25. K'i 16: 4 26. K'i 16: 6 27. K'ia 6: 5

inscriptions quoted: Yin:

28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53.

K'ia 6:8 Ki.in 2/1 20 Ki.in 2/1: 41 Kiin 2/1: 49 Ki.in 2/3: 86 T'ao 1: 25 Chengsung 2: 9 Chengsung 8: 14 Chengsung 8: 18 Chengsung, si.i shang 19 Chengsung, sii hia 10 Chengsung, pu shang 19 Chengsung, pu shang 22 Chengsung, pu chung 18 Chengsung, pu chung 21 Chengsung, pu chung 29 K'ia 7: 16 Siaokiao 4: 51 Siaokiao 2: 34 Siaokiao 2: 48 Siaokiao 3: 70 Siaokiao 4: 46 Siaokiao 5: 20 Siaokiao 5: 94 Shierkia 4: 12 Shan 5: 44

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Chou I (1027-c i rca 900 B. C.). 5-!. 55.

Chengsm1g 6: 6, T'ulu 9 94. Chengsung, pu shang 12, T'ulu 14 K'i 2: 51 Chengsung 4: 47, T'ulu 11 95.

56. Shan 2: 8I, T'u1u 12 96. K'i I6: 7 57. K'i 16: 9, Kiin 3/I: I4 97. K'i I6: 36, T'ulu 64

K'i 6: I4 58. Chengsung, pu shang 29, Shan 8: 98 98. 59. Chengsung 4: 48, T'ulu 12 99. Chengsung 4: 5, Shan 3: 19

K'i 6: I5 60. Chengsung 3: I8, Kiin 2/3: 22, T'u1u 4 100. 61. Kiin 1/2: 47 101. K'i 2:3 62. Chengsung 3: I5, Paoyiin 8, T'ulu 15 102. Chengsung 3: 29, Shan 2: 79

Chengsung 3: I6, T'ulu 266 lVIengwei 1: 24, Chou kin wen ts'un

63. Chengsung 4: 48, Eumorf. I: 26, T'ulu I03. 20 ' 104.

6-!. Chengsung 8: 42, T'ulu 21 65. K'i 2: 35, Kiin 3/3: 31, T'ulu 18 66. Chengsung, pu chung 12, T'ulu 24 67. Ktin 3/3: 42, T'ulu 19 68. K'i 7: 30, T'ulu 24 69. Chengsung 6: ll, T'ulu 2 70. Chengsung 4: 49, T'ulu 2-3 71. Chengsung 7: I7, T'ulu 4 72. Ktin 2/3: 82, T'ulu 13 73. Ktin 2/3 80, T'ulu 12 7 4. Chengsung, sti chung 23, T'ulu 16 7 5. Chengsung 3: 25, T'ulu 17 76. K'i 6: 15, T'ulu 86 77. T'ulu 23 7 8. Chengsung, pu chung I2, T'ulu 36 79. K'i 17: I7, T'ulu 38 80. Kiin 1/3: 42

8') .... 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91.

81. K'i 17:7, T'ulu 33 Chengsmig 4: 21, T'ulu 32 K'ia 6: ll, T'ulu 31

9') .... 93.

132. 133. 13-!. 135. 136.

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T'ao 2: 39, T'ulu 33 Senoku II: 105, T'u1u 34 K'i 4: 16, T'u1u 35 Kiin 3/I 15, T'ulu 32 K'ia 4: 28, Shan 2: SO K'i 16: 5, T'ulu 8 Chengsung 7: I9, T'ulu 5 K'ia I9: 22, T'u1u 5 K'ia I9: 3, T'u1u 21 K'i 2: 5, T'ulu l4

Chou I I (circa K'i 2: 21, T'ulu 83 K'ia 4: 26, T'ulu 61 K'ia 11: 7, T'ulu 58 Chengsung 3: 30, T'ulu 38 Chengsung 3: 3I, T'ulu 39

3: 109 105. K'i I6: 13, T'ulu I4 106. ~Kiin 2J3: 10 107. K'ia 4: 2I, T'u]u 31 108. Kiin 2J3: 6I, T'u1u 35 109. K'ia II: 5, T'u1u 27 110. Kiin 2J3: 36 111. Chengsung, pu shang 34 112. Chengsung 4: 44 113. K'ia 11: 25, T'ulu 234 ll4. K'i 1: I3, Mengwei I: 9 ll5. Chengsung 8: 23 116. Chengsung 4: 45, T'ulu 2II 117. Kun 2J2: 5, Chengts'iu 27 ll8. K'ia 9: 7, T'ulu 264 119. Chengsung 9: 27 I20. Chengsung, pu shang IO 121. K'i 6: 30 122. Shan 9: 32 I23. Shan 8: 48 124. K'i 5: 6 125. Chengsung 2: 35, Shierkia 6: 3 126. Burlington Mag. Apr. 1937 127. K'i 18: 8, T'ulu 225 128. T'ao 2: 38 129. Shan 3: 33 130. K'i 6: 23 131. K'i 6: 8 131 a. Tsunku I: 36 131 b. Sungchai, sii 37

900-c i r c a 770). 137. Chengsung 3: 33, T'ulu 62 138. K'i 4: 15, T'ulu 60 139. K'ia 5: I, T'ulu IIO 140. Chengsung 3: 34, T'u1u ll3 141. Chengsung 6: 3, T'ulu 107

142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. I 52. I 53. I 54. 155. 156. 157. I 58. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. I6J. I65. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172.

203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 208. 209.

2I6. 217.

218. 2I9. 220. 221.


K'ia 15: 18, T'ulu 112 Chengsung 6: 44, T'ulu 116 Chengsung 6: 9, T'ulu 116 K'i 2: I5, T'ao I: 40, T'u1u 118 K'i 9: 30, T'ulu 118 K'i 8: 21, T'ulu 127 Chengsung 1: 9, T'ulu 93 Chengsung 3: 22 Kii.n 3/2:25, T'ulu 133 K'i 4: 27, T'ulu 135 K'i 9: 17, T'ulu 140 Chengsung 6: 17, T'u1u I46 Chengsung 6: 20 Chengsung, pu shang 39, T'ulu 8! K'ia 9: 17, T'ulu 137 K'i 8: 15, T'ulu 88 K 'ia 15: 16, T'ulu 79 K'i 16: 10, T'ulu 99 T'ao 2: 10, T'ulu IOI Kii.n 3/2:21, T'ulu 99 K'ia ll: 6, T'ulu I02 Chengsung 6:5, T'ulu 43 Chengsung 3: 36, T'u1u -!5 Kiin 1/3:62 Chengsung, pu shang I4, T'ulu 71 K'i 9: 11 Chengsung, pu shang I6 Chengsung 6: 7, T'ulu 73 K'i 4: 29, T'ulu 73 Chengsung 5:25, T'u1u 90 K'i 4: 30, T'ulu 89

173. K'i 2: 7, T'ulu 90 I74. K'ia II: 9, T'nlu I29 175. Chengsung 6: 10, T'u1u 74 176. Chengsung 3: 35, T'u1u 75 l 77. K'i 4: 22, T'u1u 76 178. Chengsung 6: 42, T'u1u 144 179. K'i 2: IO, T'ulu 143 180. K'i 2: 41, T'ulu 131 181. K'i IS: 25, T'ulu ll7 182. K'i 4: 25, T'ulu I35 183. K'ia 5: 7, T'ulu 63 184. Kiin 3/2: 56, T'ulu 25 185. K'ia II: 23, T'ulu I37 186. Kiin 3/2: 49, T'ulu 36 187. K'i 5: 19, T'ulu .'58 188. Kiin 3/1: 32, T'ulu 67 189. K'i 8: 19, T'ulu I34 190. Chengsung 6: 3, T'ulu 27 191. K'i 4:4 192. K'i 4:7, T'ulu 69 193. K'ia 13: 9, T'ulu 70 194. T'ao 2: 16, T'ulu 130 195. Chengsung 6: 2 196. K'i I6: 33, Chengsung 6: 4. 197. Chengsung 1: 18, T'ulu 124 198. Chengsung 5: 23. 199. K'ia 16: 25, Kiin 2/2: ll 200. Kiin 3/l: 15, T'ulu 92 201. K'i 16: 6, T'ulu 282 202. K'ia 5: 11, T'ulu 29

Chou IJI I (10:27-c i rca 770 B. C.). Kiin 2/3:74, T'ulu 80 K.'i 16: 32, T'ulu 79 K'ia, 14: 13, T'ulu 80 Chengsung 3:16 T.'u1u 24: K'i 4: I, T'ulu 30 K.'i 4: 2

210. Chengsung 3: 23 211. Kiin 2/2: 61 212. K'i 3: 15 213. Siaokiao 3: 22 2I4. Siaokiao 3: 26 2I5. Siaokiao 3: 98

C h o u III (circa 770-c i r c a 450 B. C.). Chengsung, sii chung I 222. Chengsung 1: 5 Chengsung 1:16, Kiin3J1: 38, T'ulu 223. Chengsung 3:21, T'ulu 164

213 224. K'ia 2: I9, T'ulu 165 Kiin 3/2: 6, T'ulu 216. 225. K'i 9: 14, T'ulu I72 Chengsung 11: 3, T'ulu 203 226. K'i 17: 35, T'ulu 170 Chengsung, sii shang I, T'ulu 227 227. K'i 17: 36, T'ulu 170 Kiin 1j3: 38, T'ulu 206 228. K'i 18: 21, T'ulu 239

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229. 230. 231. 232. 233. 234.

240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. 248. 249. 250. 251. 252. 253. 254. 255. 256. 257. 258. 259. 260.

282. 283. 284.

285. 286. 287.

294. 295.

296. 297. 298. 299. 300. 301.

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BULLETIN OF THE MUSEUM OF' FAR EASTERN ANTIQUITIES

Chengsung 6: 13, T'ulu 288 Chengsung 1: 13, T'ulu 152 K'i 18: 23, T'ulu 182 Shan 2:69 Chengsung 11: 8, T'ulu 211 K'i 18:16, T'ulu 255, Huaimi, hia 16

Chou II/I I I (circa Chengsung 10: 39, T'ulu 205 Shan 8:78 K'ia 14: l4 Chengsung 6: 31, T'ulu 237 Chengsung 6: 29 Ktin 2/2: SO Ktin 2/2: lO Shan 2:70 Chengsung 3: 5, and 5: 19 Ktin 2/2: 70 K'i 16: 34, T'ulu 226 Chengsung 10: 35 Ktin 2j3: 18 K'ia 16:20 Ktin 2/2: 58, T'ulu 224 T'ao 2: 18, T'ulu 190 T'ao 1: 29, T'ulu 190 Chengsung 7: 33, T'ulu 208 K'i 5: 26, T'ulu 207 K'i 3:18 K'i 5: 22, T'ao 2: 46

235. Kiin 2/1: 29 236. K'i 17: 19 237. Burlington Mag. Jan. 1937 238. Kiin 3j3: 28, T'ulu 268 239. BurlingtonMag. 1930

900-c i r c a 450 B. C.). 261. K'i 1: 28 262. K'i 8: 34, T'ulu 204 263. Kiin 3/l: 9, T'ulu 203 264. K'i 17: 34 265. Chengsuhg 5: 27 266. Chengsung 6: 33 267. ~hengsung 10: 27 268. K'ia 15: 19 269. Kiin 2/2: 77 270. K'i 16: 33, Shan 8: 82 271. K'ia 8: 15, Huaimi, hia 22 272. Chengsung 5: 22 273. Sh!erkia 5: 6 274. T'ao, sti shang 18 275. Shan 8: 47 276. Chengsung 3: 6 277. K'ia 12: 6, Shan 8: 65 278. Chengsung 5: 37 279. T'ulu 165 280. Wuying 100 281. Shan 4: 51

Chou IV (circa K'ia 1: 21, T'ulu 217

450-c i rca 250 B. C.).

Shan 4: 54, T'ulu 181 Chengstmg 5: 42, T'ulu 258, Pao

yiin 74, Wuying 79 Chengsung 6: 33 K'i 4: 13, T'ulu 260 Ktin 3/1: 21, T'ulu 257

288. T'ulu 261, BMFEA 7, p. 26 289. Kiin 2/3: 77, T'ulu 179 290. K'i 6: 35, T'ulu 262 291. K'i 17: 26, T'ulu 257 292. Kiin 2/3: 40, T'ulu 257 293. Kiin 2/3: 66, T'ulu 266

chou I II/I v (circa 770-circa 250 B. C.). K'i 5: 26, T'ulu 194 Chengsung 1: 18, Eumorf. 1: 29,

T'ulu 269 Chengsung 3: 24, T'ulu 282 K'ia 5: 15, T'ulu 205 K'i 3: 29, T'ulu 254 K'i 8: 14, T'ulu 253 K'i 8: 12, T'ulu 238 K'ia2: 21, T'ulu 251

302. K'i 3: 14, Shan 8: 62 303. Kiin 2/1: 55 304. Kiin 2/3: 64, T'ulu 156 305. Kiin 3/1: 12, T'ulu 158 306. K'ia 1: 2, T'ulu 167 307. Chengsung 1: 20, T'ulu 175 308. Kiin 3/1:8, T'ulu 187 309. T'ulu 187 310. Chengsung 1: 15, T'ulu 194


:311. Chengsung 7: 34, T'ulu 266 :312. Chengsung 12: 20, T'ulu 279 :313. T'ao 2: 48 31. Shan: 9: 7 315. Chengsung 1:21 316. K'ia 2: 17 317. Chengsung 4: 46 318. Chengsung 7: 14 aw. K'i 8: 11 320. Chengsung, J>U shang 2 321. Santai 1: 2

Kiin 2/2: 74, T'ulu 182 T'ulu 186 K'i 5: 18, T'u1u 191

322. Siaokiao 1: 13 323. Shiku: Wu kii 324. Shiku: K'ien yi 325. Shiku: T'ien kii 326. Shiku: Luau kii 327. Shiku: Ling yii 328. Shiku: Yu tso 329. Shiku: Er shi 330. Shiku: T'ien 331. Shiku: W u shuei 332. Shiku: Wu jen

Chou. 365. 366. 367.

K'i 17: 29 K'i 18: 13 K'i 18: 19

Chengsm1g, sii shang 24, T'ulu 191 T'ulu 200

K'ia 11: 13 K'ia 19: 25

Kiin 2/1: 65, T'ulu 222 Kiin 2/3: 5, T'ulu 286 Chengsung 2:42 Chengsung 2:42 Chengsung 3: 14 Chengsung 3: 18 Chengsung 3: 20 Chengsung 3: 23 Chengsung 5: 41 Chengsung 6: 26 Chengsung 6: 27 Chengsung 6: 38 Chengstmg 6: 39 Chengsung 6: 40 Chengsung 6: 41 Chengstmg 7: 32 Chengstmg 10: 29 Chengsung 10: 32 Chengsung 10: 41 Chengsung, pu shang 37 Chengsung, pu ch ung 29 K'i l: 25

Kiin 2/1: 57 Kiin 2/1: 58 Kiin 3/1: 16 Santai 3: 36 Santai 6: 51 Siaokiao 1: 7 Siaokiao 1: 13 Siaokiao 1: 18 Siaokiao 2: 89 Siaokiao 2: 92 Siaokiao 3: 96 Siaokiao 9: 29 K'i 8: 10 Siaokiao 9: 79 Chengsung 2: 33 K'ia 11: 18 see Ku wen sheng hi, cheng 1 see Ku wen sheng hi, yu 7 Chengsung 2: 4 7 Kiin 2/1: 50 Chengsung 3: 17 Kiin 2/2:65

3:33. 3:34. 335. 336. 337. 3:38. 3:39. 3-!0. 3-!l. 3-!2. :3-!3. :3-!4. 3-!5. :3-!6. :3-!7. 3-!8. :349. :3:30. :351. :352. 3.53. :354.

;~5.5. 356. J57. :J58. :J.'iH. :360. :361. :362. 36:3. :364.

K'i 3:30 K'i 5:31 K'i 16: 1 K'i 16 23 K'i 17: 23

368. 369. 370. 371. 372. 373. 374. 375. 376. 377. 378. 379. 380. 381. 382. 383. 384. 385. 386. 387. 388. 389. 390. 391. 394. 395. 396. 397. 398.

see Shuo wen ku chou san pu 7: 7 K'i 8: 11 K'ia 12: 9 Chengsung 11: 6 see Slmo wen ku chou pu pu

Pre-Han. 399. Wuying 63 402. Chengsung 2: 35 400. Shan 2: 45 403. Chengsung 3: 14 401. Chengsung 2: 32 404. Chengsung 4: 43

11


405. Chengsung 4: 44 434. see Ku wen sheng hi, yu 8 406. Chengsung 4:45 435. see Ku wen sheng hi, yang 4 407. Chengsung 4:47 436. see Ku wen sheng hi, yang 15 408. Chengsung 5: 10 437. Kun 1/2: 33 409. Chengsung 7: 10 438. K'ia 23: 14 410. Chengsung 7: 13 439. see Ku wen sheng hi, siao 5 411. Chengsung 7: 15 440. K'ia 11: 27 412. Chengsung 7: 25 441. Chengsung, sii shang 27 413. Chengsung 8: 36 44) ~. Yin wen ts'un, hia 31 1. Chengsung, pu chung ll 443. see Ku wen sheng hi, yii 13 15. K'i 5: 9 444. see Ku wen sheng hi, yii 19 16. K'i 16:8 445. Kun 2j2: 56 17. K'i 17: 13 446. see Ku wen sheng hi, chi 1 18. K'i 18: ll 447. see Ku wen sheng hi, chi 3 19. K'ia 3:12 448 . .,.Chengsung 4: 35 20. K'ia 5: l4 449. see Ku wen sheng hi, chi 12 21. K'ia 6: 13 450. K'ia 22: 2 -!22. K'ia 17: 14 451. K'i 1: 19 23. Kiin 1/2:47 452. Chengsung 8: 41 2-i. !Gin 1/2:52 453. see Ku wen sheng hi, ts'i 1 425. Kiin 1/3: 52 454. see Kin wen pien 2: 9 426. !Gin 2/1:79 455. K'i 7:30 427. Santai 3: 18 456. Kun 2/1: 5 428. K'ia 6: 13 457. Kun 1/3: 52 429. K.'ia 14: 23 458. K'i 1: 17 430. K'i 1: 9 459. K'i 18: 7 431. Chengsung 9: 9 460. Chengsung 8: 42 432. T'ao 3:7 461. see Ku wen sheng hi, chi l. 433. K'i 7: 19

I giYe here in Chinese characters the names of the vessels which carry these in-criptions, and the figures in the Chinese table refer to the inscription list above. So 1 P'eng nu ting is the vessel the inscription of which is reproduced in Chengsung 2: 24 etc.

12

1~-_k~~ 2 oJl)( }t_ ~~ 3 1t ~w 4 ~p ~~

S(c]~ / ~~ /;;7 ~ t !X 1$ cr; _1. e 41 }, ~ (,7 /J'- j;, ~ 42 ~ ~ 1- 's 'f- ~ n ~ ef 4 3 )t. (;Ej ~ ;t_, (/} *- 1'- ~_z 44 'L :K ~X. 70 !{_ ~!f-45" Iff] )121J ~tf 71 Elf) -h t_z 4& Sl ~@Ff 72 ;k_ 1 )f, ~~ 47 -ta f X: It 'Fl- 7 3 1ttZ ~ti 4g' ~ 74 & k~ 4 9 >( 1 , 7 S>(i. ffit A.. t)~

sat~ 7( 3&_@ )JU~yt 77~~

2.' IX~ x. .-r ~Ff s-2. -tJ- U 5J(- ~ 7 g ~t ~ 13

7') ;f~ .Cil; ~X. $() 113 ,fi ~ 31 1Ez. ~ 22 t&/lA 83 ~~lit glf {Rf\@ ss 1z 't!t 2(; ffz {B ~ tt_ $7 A.~ 1 28 ~15 5r~ .~ ~rr

~ &~ l ~Ff 90~ ~ 91 3{ \~ 92 ffi nlA g 93 51! ~f{-

,..?,-1, 34 ~ Y?~ 9s- i. ~ 'f ~~ 9(; f ~rf 97 ;f--1~ ~t_ 92 ~%-.} ~ 91 If\ lfJ !00 t_ @5 kJJ &,rpM #~ !02 ;t '{ik_ ~0(r !03 }11~ ~ ~ 1tJ4ik_18 t~

tos-1-(J.f\11) ~~ r31 Jt ~ ~ Jj 1()~ 'J:t1:X:. 131a. ~ ~ !07 ~~ !;t\ t3h1i- ~ ~X_ 1()8 {f] q\ t;:-_ 132_ ~ ~Ft !(}1 ~~ ~x:__ 113 ~ff-1 f x ~~ 110 J {a ~1 1'34 ~rr ;t ~~ 111 JftLfL r ~ 11r-~ ~ ~Ff 1/l ~~~ ffi, X.~ !J{~ t jlF{ -111 G 1~ ::1~+ ~xJ37 ~u IF? 11/f ~ 1~ pi_ {f ~Fi tsg B r~%j 'f:t_ !IS ~t.-{g ~ 139 /''-- t_ }1~ It( Ht~ t;:_ ;4o /h t ~~

1t7l-~lf t If-!~, i t~ 118 EJ~R_ 14l t ~ !!9 ~t- -q Jlff- /f)~ ~~ ~ 12o$u~~fi t44{! ~ 127 fo) t t4s-~ 1t~)c\_ ~~ 1:12 {0 1t);.( ~ !./( q},t;t~~1 123 i 0}]

.2.33 J 1 A 1JK _11. 1.5t} #-{\3 ~x_ ttsff ef_ i_ [{ 311;f_:t. ~ ~ 337l~ ~ ~ )( r9rf '3C3 A=-'>Zjt )t t~ 231J;f~~ t .2(0 ~ _6:-,_;f-x_j 2.u rt. 1~ 0 ~~ R 312 6 a~ 338 J~ %1 ~rr 3(45$1'f ~

.t.Js-1-r :t- ! .2.6! p j_ 13t .!n~ 2s7rt-~tt j1J~~!_ 33'* ~ )(_ ~x_ 3fSl~ t-x..~

.2.3(18 ~ 5::.. 1'2.. ~~+ ~ 2S8~f_.~ft_ 314@$ ~ j 34

3f~ ~4 ~ ~ ~ 3,1) ~ ~it 3?1-{qt~~~ 3?2./a J.ff_ ,ln 3?3 -*~ }\._ ~ ~ 394 ~ f.lt~.

)7)AJ.~J-1 3~CJ\''\31~ tt_

3~71~ ~ :,(g~ 3J&jf1* 3:11 t1 ~~ 40o1E) YR ~ff 401 .~--( ~ff

4o2 .Ak~ ;~ 4o3 ttl~~

4o41~~~ 4o)jl$V!R. 4o' 1~ $} tR_ 4a71 ~ t~ 4os-k.t1r ~;:__ 4o3 ~~-l!t ~ 470 ;i?_ 17'. ~ 471~~ 4-12. 9], ~ 413-- ;r 4-144' ~

18

41-"1~ ~ 4Jtf~ ~ff 417 ;:g tt.

4-18~ ~!t 4-JCJ )( ;\. ~~

42.~ iA ~ ~rT 417~ ~rf

4ui_p~ ~ 423~ -fk ~~ 4241) tt 4.0~.18 Jj 42C$ ~$tJrt

427.~ ~ 42~~ ~~

4211'~ b i 4-3? ~ ~~ 437 L. ~ Jijn:\ 432 ytj '~ 433>tJ\-#r ~ 431- x_-flr ~ tJ: 4Js-f3 ~7_ 4Jcltf

BULLETIN OF THE MUSEUM OF' FAR EASTERN ANTIQUITIES

c'. *k'ia f k'jie, ( k'i one-footed (Kuoyii); *kia I kjif: I k i stand around close to the door (Kungyang); *kia / kjif: I k i and *ngia I ngjie.: I y i knock against (Chuang).

d.' *k'ia / k'jie, ( k'i and *kia I kjie I k i slanting (Siin). e'. *k'ia ( k'jie, ( k'i one horn turning up and one down (Yi, one version); loan for s.

odd (Chuang). f'. *'ia l'i~: 1 y i lean upon (Lunyii); rely upon (Kuots'e); leaning to one side (Li); pull

aside, lead astray (Shu); loan for s. strange (Chuang). Gl. 159. g'. *"ia I i~ I y i Catalpa (Shi). h'. *"ia I "i(.! I y i oh! (Shi); final particle (Shi); *'ia / 'it;: I y i luxuriant (sc. leaves)

(Sh'i); *'d (a:/ o luxuriant (Shi); loan for f'. 'deviate' and for f'. 'lean upon' (Shi). Gls. 188, 370.

i'. *ia fie.: / y i sides of carriage box (Kuots'e, one version). j' -k'. *'ia j'ie ( y i place name (only Han time text ex.). k. is Chou II/III (inscr. 257). 1 '. *' ia I ie: I y i variant of h'. 'luxuriant' (Ch'uts'i).

,..

2 a-g. *nga f ngd: ( w o I, me, we, us, my, our (Shi). Pek. w o is irregular, we should expect o. The form b. is Yin bone (A 1: 27,4), c. is Yin bone (A 2: 16,2), d. is Yin bone (A 1:27 ,4), c. is Yin bone (A 2: 16,2), d. is Yin (inscr. 12), e. is Chou I (inscr. 58), f. is Chou I (inscr. 65), g. is Chou I (inscr. 70).

h. *ngd I nga / o slanting (Shi); in a moment (Kungyang). - i-j. id. graceful (Lie). j. is Yin bone (A 4: 52, 2, name). Gl. 165. - k. id. high (Shi). - 1. id. look, regard (Kungyang). - m. id. name of a plant (some kind of Artemisia?) (Shi). - n. id. fine (sc. words) (Shi ap. Shuowen). Gl. 758.

o. *ngd I nga- o hungry, starve (Meng). p. *ngd I nga o goose (Meng). q. *ngd I nga o silkworm (Shi); *ngia / ngjie.: I y i ant (Li). r-t. *ngia I ngji~- ( y i righteous, righteousness (Shi); true sense, meaning (Li). s.

is Yin bone (B hia 13: 5), t. is Chou I (inscr. 56). Yang 'sheep' is radical, a. above phonetic. Gl. 1914.

u. *ngia / ngjie I y i proper demeanour, decorum (Shi); dignity (Shi); ceremony, rule (Shi); courtesy (Shu); model (Kuoyii); (proper match:) mate, associate (Shi); (judge what is proper:) estimate, judge (Shi); ought (Shi); loan for id. to come (Shu). Gls. 5013, 763, 768, 1022, 1346.

v. *ngia f ngjie- I y i to plan for (Shi); discuss (Shi); select (Yili). x. *ngia / ngjie: I y i ant (Li); ant-coloured (Shu). y. *xia I xfie I hi a proper name (Shu). - z. id. sacrificial animal, pure victim (Shi).

Gl. 1166.

3 a-c. *ta Ita Ito much, many (Shi). b. is Yin bone (A 1: 27,4), c. is Chou I (inscr. 58). The graph has 'flesh' (cf. 1033 and 178j) doubled: plentiful provisions.

d. *t'a It'd I t'o and *ta I td- Ito exhausted, sick (sc. horses) (Shi ap. Shuowen). Gl. 402.

e. *ta / fa/ c h a to open (Chuang). f.-g. *t'a f t'a f c h'a Shuo wen says: thick-lipped (no text). g. is Chou I (insci'. 121,

name). h. *tia t,~ie.: I chi confident (Siin). i. *t'ia t.fi~: I c h'i great (Shi); extravagant, overbearing (Tso). j. *t'ia t'ie,: I c h'i cleave, separate, take away (Chuang). k. *t'ia t'ie.: ( c h'i and *t'ia I ts'ia: I c h'e large (Shi). Gl. 617. 1. *d'ia d'ie I c h'i and *t'ia ( t'i(t A~ y~ ~L ~~ ~ 1~) iJ' ~t ~ ~t yi!!, :t~ ~ .%t;te r~ qe k l 'l1'l. n. 0 p 'f -r 5 t I.A.. tr >( ~ :z. a..'

5t: 1t ;Jt: u :t~ ~~ 1

BULLETIN OF THE MUSEUM OF' F'AR EASTERN ANTIQUITIES

y. *d'ia I d'ir,


k. *t'wd I t'ud: I t'o and *d'wd I d'ud- Ito beautiful (Lie). I. *d'wd I d'ua:, d'1ta-l to lazy, negligent (Shu); careless (Tso); useless (Li). 12 a. *dz'wd I dz'ua: / t s o sit (Shi); seat (Lunyu); kneel (Li). The Seal has two 'men'

and 'earth'. b. *dz'wri / dz'ua / t s'o ulcer (Hanfei). c. *tswd I tsua-1 t s'o push (Lao); maltreat (Meng); break (Chouli); round off (corners)

(Li); eliminate (Ohuts'l); destroy (Kuoyii); put down, apply (Chuang). The aspirate in Mandarin is irregular.

d. *tswd tsua- It so and *tsa I t~a- I c h a to sham (sc. an obeisance) (Li). e. *ts'wa ts'ua- It s'o and *tswd I tsua- I t so cut (Chuang). f. *ts'wd ts'ud: It s'o cut small, minute (Shu). g. *tswa t~wa I chua a kind of hair knot worn by women in mourning (Li). 13 a. *swd I swi: I so Shuowen says: the sound of cowries (no text); it seems more

likely t~at this is the primary form of b. next, consisting in the Seal of 'small' and 'cowry'. - b. 1d. small, fragment (Shi:); chain (Oh'u; in this latter sense Mo has Rad. 167).

14 a. The sense and reading of this element is unknown. Shuowen says: name of an animal (no text). The Sung editors of the Shuowen read it lua j I o, but neither T nor K has it recorded.

b. *lwri /lud: I l o k u o - I o a small wasp (Shl); a kind of mollusc (Kuoyii). c. *lwia /ljwi~ /1 e i lean, emaciated (Kuoyfi); weak (Tso); loan for id. entangle (Yi). 15 a-b. *ka I ka I k i a add (Lunyii); apply (Lunyii); attain, hit (Shi); attack (Kuoyii);

b. is Chou II (inscr. 157, sense of g. below). The graph has 'strength' and 'mouth'. Gl. 226. - c. id. flail (Kuoyii); ka I ka- / k i a a stand, support (Li). - d. id. women's hair ornament, gem on hairpin (Shi).

e-f. *ka I ka- / k i a to yoke (Shl); yoke-horses (of a team) (Tso); yoked carriage (Lie); loan for a. (Chuang). f. is Chou III/IV (inscr. 331).

g-h. *ka / ka / k i a good, excellent (Shi); happy (Tso); approve (Shi); gratify (Li). h. is Chou III (inscr. 224). Gl. 774.

i. *ka / kd: I k o good, passable, possible, all right (Shl). Gl. 549. j. *g'd I yd- I h o congratulate (Shi).

24


16 a-c. *sa I ~a Ish a sand (Shi); loan for id. shrill, rough (sc. voice) (Chouli); satin (Li; in later times wr. with rad. 120 'silk' instead of 'water' to the left). b. is Chou II (inscr. 179), c. is Chou II (inscr. 181 ). The graph shows grains of sand and 'water'. -d. id. a small fish living in the beach sand (Shi).

e. *sa I sa Is o saunter, dance (Shi:). f. *swd j s1td Is o name of a plant (Cyperus) (only Han time text ex.); *sa I ~a Ish a

s h a - k i a kind of locust (Shi).

17 a-b. *ma jma I m a hemp (Shi). b. is Chou III/IV (inscr. 313, name). The graph shows bundles of hemp suspended under a roof.

c. *mwa I mud- / m o dust (Ch'uts'i). d. *mwd /mud: / m o small (Lie). e. *mwa 1 mud I m o rub (Tso); touch (Li); close to (Tso); crush, extinguish (Chuang);

loan for id. conceal (Chouli). - f. id. grind, polish (Shi). g. *mia I mjit;; I m i rice gruel (Li); (to mash:) destro~, crush (M~ng). . h. *mia I mjit;;: I m i not, there is not (Shi); loan for ~d. small, tmy (Y1); lay down, let

fall (Tso); squander, prodigal (Li); exhaust (Kuoyii); to rub (Chuang); slowly (Sh'i); obey (Siin); connect, unite (Chuang); *mia I mjiQ I m i to share with (Yi). Gls. 183, 197, 1074 a.

i. *xmwia I xjwi~ I hue i signal flag (Tso); to signal (Shi); loan for id. quick (Li). j. *mia jtnjia / m i the part of a bell which is beaten (Chouli).

18 a. ? I k'wai / k'u a Shuowen says: wry mouth (no text). Without the rad. 'mouth' below: *kwa j kwa: j k u a cut the meat from the bone, to bare a skeleton (Lie, one version).

b. *kwa I kwa k u a and ? I kwai I k u a yellow horse with black mouth (Shi). c. *kwa I kwa k u a and ? I kwai I k u a and *glwd I ltta /I o snail (Li). d. *kwa I kwa k u a and ? I kwai I k u a a proper name (Li). e. *kwd 1 kud- k u o to pass (Shi); transgress (Lunyii); excess, fault (Tso); *Inca I

kud / k u o to pass by (Shu). f. *q'wd I yud: I h u o calamity (Sh'i); (to cause misery to =) to chastise (Sh'i). Gl.

1204. - g. variant of the preceding (Sun). h. *k'wri / k'ua / k'u o great (Shl, Mao version; the Han version has rad. 9 inst. of 140

and says 'beautiful'). Gl. 162.

19 a-b. * xwa I xwa- I h u a transform (Shu); reform (Yi); change (Shu); loan for c. 'goods' (Shu). b. is Chou (inscr. 333). The graph shows one man turning away from another (turn: change). Gl. 1316.

c. *xwd I xua- I huo property, goods, ware (Tso); bribe, bribery (Shu). Gl. 2057. d. *ngua j ngua 1 o move (Shi); change (Shi). - e. id. move (Shi); change (Shi); false

(Shi); act, work (Shu). Gls. 508, 1219.

20 a. *ngwa I ngwa: / w a tile (Shi); ridge of a shield (Tso). 21 a-g. *ngia / ngjit;; / y i sacrifice to the deity of the soil (Li); loan for id. right, proper,

beseem, approve (Shi); adjust (ShY); liable to (Shi). Gls. 589, 897. b. is Yin bone (A 5: 37,2), c. is Yin bone (A 1: 39,2), d. is Yin (inscr. 27), e. is Chou I (inscr. 69), f. is Chou I (inscr. 98), g. is Chou III (inscr. 229). Many authors take these early forms to be XII t s u 'sacrificial' table', but I follow Shuowen; it may be t s u in some cases (the same graph serving for both words, just as the same graph serves for both s i 'evening' and

25

I.

i '

I, I

BULLETIN OF' THE MUSEUM OF FAR EASTERN ANTIQUITIES

11 1r ~ ~ A ~ ~ ~ ~B: tt ;i At 23 $J ~ ~~ a.. ~ c cL e f '3 h. a. [,. a. 1.r c

!.#] ~~ ~it ~i ~~ 14 il ts- !l lt }; 7i 1JA *lt 1ft tlt d. e f 9 h a. a. lr c d.. e f ~ h.. ~! ilt f!_ ~;t ;;( ~ {1 Jt Jti 1- j_' ~ ~ 17 kt ~~ ~ i :i k { 'tn n. 0 p l\ a. l.r a... lr c. ~1 . t ~ M ~1 q;~ ~t 1t 1k ~A, zg 17 d e. f 9 h. i j k. L m a. ,..

y ii e 'moon'), but in a great many contexts it is undoubtedly y i. The graph shows the sacred (phallic) pole of the she altar to the soil, behung with slices of meat.

h. *ngia I ngjiQ- / y i right principle (Kuots'e). 22 a. *xia I xiiQ I hi Shuowen says: earthenware vessel (no text). The Seal has 'vessel'

and 'tiger', the meaning of the latter obscure. b. * xia I ;dir;:- I hi to sport (Shu), joke, jest (Shl); an interjection (Li, said to be read

xu.o for ~. 'vhich is unlikely).

23 a. *t'lia I t'i~ I c h'i Shuowen says: a mountain demon, thus taking it to be the primary form of next (no text). - b. id. a kind of demon (Tso). - c. id. a kind of dragon (Lu); a demon (Tso).

d. *lia I lji~ I l i kerchief (Shi). Gl. 392. - e. id. thin wine (Ch'uts'i). f. *lia lljiQ I 1 i 1 i u-1 i name of a bird (Shi); loan for id. leave, depart from (Shi); to be

dispersed (Shi:); divide, distribute (Li); arrange (Tso); vis-a-vis each other (Li); meet with, come across, fall into, incur (Shi:); fasten, attach (Shi); pass through (Shi); droop, hang down (Shi); fall down (Tso); light, brilliance (Yi); *lia llii~- 11 i be separated from (Li), differ from (Li); loan for g. (Kuoyii). Gls. 107, 196, 442, 638.

g. *lia I lji~ j I i hedge (Ch'uts'i). - h. id. drip, drop (Kuots'e).

24 a. *lia j ljiQ 11 i drag into, involve (Shu); sorrow, trouble (Shi); anxiety (Shu). Gl. 1683.

25 a-c. *b'ia I b'jil) j p' i skin (Shi:). b. is Chou III (inscr. 230), c. is Chou III/IV (inscr. 307). The graph shows a hand and a hide, see 931 b. - d. id. weary, exhausted (Tso ); emaciated (Kuan).

e. *b'ia j b'ji~:, b'fir;:- j p e i coverlet (Ch'uts'i); be covered by, wear (Tso); outside of gar-ment (Yili); (be covered by:) be exposed to, receive (:Meng); suffer (Tso); to cover (Shi:); reach out over (Shu); (covering:) head dress (Shi:); (covered part:) handle of a weapon (Chouli); dishevelled (Tso); *p'ia j p'ji~ j p'i cover oneself with (Tso); *p'ia j p'jif),-/ p 'i cloak (Tso).

f. *b'ia I b'jie_- j pi pulling strap on carriage (Kuoyii). g. *pia I pjir;:: /pi that, they (Shi). h. pia I pji~, pjif,;- I pi one-sided (sc. words), insincere (Meng).

26


i. *pia 1 pfi~ 1 pi river bank (Shi:); dyke (Shu); slope, slanting (Yi); pia j pfif),- j pi oblique, unjust (Sh~): . . .. . . .

j. *p'ia 1 p'jir;: 1 p'i diVIde, disperse (Tso ); *p~a I pJ~~- I pI Side supports (ropes on coffm) k.(L:t'ia 1 p'jie I p'i short sword, dagger (Tso); loan for j. disperse (Sun).

[... 1. *pna (_pud 1 p o wave, surge (Shi); ~o be ~hake~ as or: waves (Chuang). . . m. *pud 7 pud: I p o to walk lame (YI); *p~a I PF~- I pI to lean to one s1de (L1). n. *pwa 1 pud:, pua- j p o to winnow (Shl) (to the left in the char. is k i winnowing basket). o. *p'wd I p'ud- I p'o break (Shi). p. *p'wri 1 p'wi I p'o slanting, oblique (Ch'uts'i); partial, unfair (Shu); perverse (Shu). q. *b'zcri j b'ua I p'o p'o- so saunter, dance (Shi). Gl. 334.

26 a. *b'ia I b'ji~ j p'i wear out, exhaust (Tso); ? I b'ai: I p a stop, cease (Lunyii). b. *pia 1 pjiQ 1 pi brown-and-white bear (Shi). Char a. may have been the primary

form of b. and then it may have been a drawing similar to 885 below.

27 a-e. *gwia I jwif) I we i make, do (Shi); to act as, to be (Shi:); act for, help (Shi); *guia 1 jwi~- 1 wei for, because (Shi); loan for k. (Shi). Gls. 3_06, 892. b. is Yin b?ne (B hia 10: 11), c. is Yin (inscr. 46), d. and e. are Chou I (both mscr. 101). The earhest form shows a hand at the head of an elephant (possibly referring to the handicraft in ivory, so prominent in Yin time?)

f. *gwia I j'wic: j wei to open (Kuoyii). g-j. *kwia 1 kjwif) I k u e i place and family name (Tso). h. is Chou I (inscr. 120),

i. and j. are Chou III (both inscr. 216). k. *ngwia 1 ngju1ir;:- I wei false, spurious (Sun); cheat (Tso). Gl. 306. 1. *xwia 1 xiwir;: I hue i to signalize, manifest (Yi, so ace. to certain comm.). m. *ngwa 1 ngztd 1 o deceive, false (Shi ap. Shuowen); act, work (Shu). Gls. 508, 1219. 28 a. *k'wia 1 k'jwif;! 1 k'u e i to fail, wane (Yi); diminish (Yi); lack, be missing (Tso);

injure (Shi). Gl. 1169. 29 a. *ngwia lngjwiQ j wei high (Li); precipitous (Kuoyii); lofty (Lunyii); ridge of

roof (Li); danger, dangerous (Yi); name of a constellation (Shu). b. *kwia 1 kfwie.: j k u e i perverse, wily (Shi:); treacherous (Kuliang); weird (Chuang).

- c. id. oppose (Chouli).- d. id. ruinous, dilapidated (sc. wall) (Shi).- e. icl. treach-erous (Chuang).

f. *g'wia 1 g'j1vil): j k u e i and *k'wia j k'fwic: I k'u e i kneel (Tso); foot (Sun). 30 a. *hvia 1 t:J'wiQ 1 c h'u e i to blow (Shi); *t'wia I #'wif),- / c h'u e i musical concert

(Li). The Seal has 'mouth' and 'gape'. Abbreviated phonetic in: b. *t'tcia 1 t'wi~ j c h'u e i to heat, cook, prepare food (Kungyang); (loan for a., to

blow up:) expand (Chuang).

31 a. *rrwia 1 iwie. j c h'u e i hang down (Shi); fall (Tso); loan for b. border (Shu), frontier (Kuots'e). The graph, as seen in c., consists of 'flower' (ef. group 44 below) and 'earth'. - b.-e. id. border, frontier (Tso). c. is Chou IV (inscr. 283).

d. *rtwia 1 iwiQ- j shu e i sleep (Kuots'e). e. *dwia 1 iwi~: I shu e i a kind of shru~ (Chouli). f. *d'wia 1 a'ni

I i ~ I

I ',, I I I, I i I


t? JE: $/e.1;e_ :tk 1t ~ 3o oJ( J

j :' l'

~ :


i It ~ ~ .-t~ l J~ ~ ~- ~\t i F 9 h.;_ :i k L 1"rln. o

4s- {i ~ s At~ II c. d. e

~t ~ i AJJ ~ ~ f -t :t{ t~ ~~ *ft 8~ ~t ~~ w~ p t( r S t ~L V X 'j Z... a} l.r' C d_l e I f I f! r~j IJ ~ 7f;f 1~ a{f ~ ~ lA 9' h' i' j' k' l' m' n' o' p'

43 a. *k'wa I k'wa I k'u a boast (Shi). Gl. 92~ - b. id. boast (Kuan). - c. id. good fine (Ch'uts'i). '

d. *k'w~ I k'wa- / k'u a to step over, pass over (Tso); *k'wo I k'uo- f k'u to squat over have m one's power (Kuoyu); loan for b. (Lie). '

e. *k'wa I k'wa I k'u a and *xiwo I xiu I h ii flower (Chuang). f. *k'wo I k'uo- / k'u cut open, cut to pieces (Yi). g. *k'wo / k'uo I k'u to insert the hand (and grasp) (Yili). h. **~'wo / k'uo- / k'u trousers (Li). - i. same as the preceding (Mo). j. g wo I yuo, yuo- / h u bottle-gourd, melon (Shl). k. (Zito I uo I w u stagnant water, pool (Meng); dirt (Tso); deep (Ch'uts''i); dig a pit I. *g'wil I ywa- I h u a big (Tso). - m. variant of the preceding (Tso).

44 a-b. *g'wa I ywa /h u a flo'."er, blosso~ (Shi); loan for id. cleave (Li). *g'wa 1 !wa- / h u_ a name of a moun tam (Shu). b. Is Chou II (inscr. 139, name). The graph IS a drawmg.

c. *g'wa / ywa I h u a a fine horse (Chuang). d. * xwa I xwa I h u a shout (Shu).

45 a-c. *~ia I t.ja: I c he au~iliary word (Shi). b. is Chou I (inscr. 70, sense of p. ), c. is Chou~!, (~~cr. 189~. - d. ~d. red earth (Kuan); red pigment (Sill).

e-f; . *s10; / s1a /she extravagant (Lunyu). f. is Chou (inscr. 348, name). g. t?.O ~t.wo: I c h u bag for clothes (Tso); store away (Tso); baldaquin over coffin (Li) h. *t?o f1WO / c h u pig (Tso); loan fork'. (Shu). Gl. 1357. i. *t'io t~~u:o: I c h'u and *to I tuo: It u paper-mulberry tree (Hanfei). j. *d'fo d, .lWO- / c h u. chop-sticks (Li); loan for n'. manifest (Sun). k. *tfo ts]wo: / c h n Islet (Shi). Gl. 57. - 1-m. id. to boil, cook (Li). _ n. Yariant

of the preceding (Chouli). o. *Uo I tsiwo- I c h u fly upwards, soar (Ch'uts'i). P *tfo I tsiw~ I c h u many, all (Sh'i); initial particle (Kungyang); final particle (Sh'i);

pre;;:rves .(LI); equal to Z f- (Lunyii); loan for a. (Li). Gl. 75. q. *tto I ts]wo: I c h u islet (Kuoyii), s. w. as k. above. r. *di~ I ii~o- Ish u to place, position (Kuoyii). s. *dz]o I Z]Wo: Is ii line of succession, inheritance (Kuoyii); continue (Chuang); the

last, rest, remains (Chuang); work (Shi:). Gl. 1047.

30

BERNHARD KARLGREN: GRAMMAT A SERICA REGEN SA

t-v. *sio I siwo Ish u write (Yi); written document (Shl); script, graph (Chouli). u. is Chou I (inscr. 56), v. is Chou II (inscr. 164). The phonetic is contracted in the modern form.

x. *sio 1 s'{wo: Ish u heat (Shl). y, z, a'. *to f tuo: I t u 5~ cubit_s length of '~all (Shi); loan _for id. a. row or set of b:l~s

or musical stones (Chouli). z. Is Chou III (rnscr. 217, radical 167 mstead of 32), a Is Chou III/IV (inscr. 295, radical 'wall' instead of 32). - b'. id. banner (Sun). - c'. id. see (Li). - d'. variant of the preceding (:M:eng).

e'-g'. *to I t1to It u capital city (Sh'i); loan for id. elegant (Shl); interjection (Shu); fork'. below (Kuan). Gls. 727, 1357. f'. is Chou III (inscr. 184), g'. is Chou III/IV (inscr. 301).

h'. *to f tuo It u and *ct'ia / di'ja I she tower on top of wall (Shi). Gl. 239. i'. *d'o 1 d'uo I t'u to butcher (Chouli). - j'. id. fatigue, suffering, disabled (Slli). 'k'. *ti.o I tiwo I c h u stagnant water, pool (Chouli). 1'. *d'io I d'i:wo / c h'u collect, store up (Kuoyii). m'. *dio I zi_wo- I s h u sunrise (Kuan). n'. *tjo 1 t jwo- I c h u place, order of place, position (Tso ); loan for id. appear, visible,

manifest (Yi); evident (Meng); to signal (Kuan); loan for T (Shi). The same character applied to another word of similar meaning: *tjak I tjak I c h o to place, put, apply (Li); sacrificial vessel without feet (>>applied>> to the earth) (Li); publish (Tso); *d'jak I cl'jak 1 c h o attach (Chouli). These different readings account for the two derivates:

o'. *cl'io I a'jwo I c h'u c h'o u- c h'u advance and draw back, hesitate (Chuang); *t'jak I t'iak I c h'o jump over, pass over (Kungyang). Gl. 116.

p'. *tiak flialc I c h o cut, hack (Mo).

46 a-g. *ts'fii I ts' fa: / t s'i e moreover, and (Sill); even (Meng); meanwhile, temporarily (Shl); presently, on the point of, will soon (Kuots'e); *ts'io I ts'jwo / t s'u obstruct (Yi); *tsi.o I tsfwo I t s u final particle (Shi); plenty, many (Shl); loan for i'. go to (Shi). Gls. 133, 229, 240, 1106, 1127, 1283. b. is Yin bone (E 124: 3), c. is Yin bone (A 1: 10,2), d. is Yin (inscr. 9), e. is Chou I (inscr. 65), f. is Chou I (inscr. 86), g. is Chou II (inscr. 134). In. all these cases, our graph stands for b':~P~~!_ow, 'grandfather, ancestor', and it is a drawing of the phallic-shaped ancestral tablet. Allthe meanings-above are loan applications of the primary graph for b'.

h. *tsia I tsia Its i e rabbit-net (Shl). i. *tsd I 1$a I c h a a kind of sour fruit (Crataegus?) (Li). j. *tsd I f$a / c h a and *tsja I tsja: I t s i e and *dz'ia / dz'ja: / t s i e pull out (of

water) (Mo). k-1. *tsio I tsjwo- Its u marshy ground (Shl); *dz'jo I dz'jwo: / t s u to leak, ooze (Li);

loan for id. to stop, prevent (Shi); vanquish (Kuoyu). I. is Yin bone (G 1: 14, sense of b'). Gl. 573. '

m. *t,sjo I tsjwo Its u t s i- t s ii millipEl.de. (Chuang). n. *ts'jo I ts'jwo / t s'u earth-clad mountain (Shi); loan for i' (Sill, one version); cf. q.

Gl. 1078. o. *ts'jo I ts'jwo It s'u monkey (Chuang). - p. id. (in Peking mostly irregularly read

t s ii) ulcer (Chuang). - q. id. rock covered with earth (Shi), s. w. as n. above. -r. 1:d. t s'u - k i u an aquatic bird (Shi). - s. variant of the preceding (Tso),

t. *ts'jo I ts'fwo It s'u hemp in fruit (Shi); straw (Shi); ts'fo / ts'jwo It s'ii and tsio / tsjwo Its ii straw as bottom in shoe (Ch'uts'i); loan for q'. (Li); *ts'jo I ts'jwo j t s'u straw (Shi); *tsa f ta: I c h a dung-mixed straw (Chuang).

u. *dz'i.o J dz'f:wo: Its ii chew (Kuan).

31


4G i1_ g 8 ft&e ~ ~All ta )_g ~.~: ~J1 LLft J.ll 'T a.. lr c d e f '3 h. i J k l1'L L 1'\. 0

;/ft kill M il; 1[ a.fi ~R ~R fiL li;JJ iii 1fi ~ lll ~S. ~Jl p '1 r s t ll v >( 'j :z._ a.' tr' c' d.' e.' f' ~~ fR 1a 711 4 ~ .~a -++ JmLiWJ ii m{ th. ~ t! Jk 5Ji

h.t I 9' j' k' l' 1"11.! n' o' p'

i ' '

i I i

! i


t. *k'o I k'1w I k'u "ithered, dried up (Li). u. *k'o I k'w: I k'u Soncus, Lactuca (Shi); bitter (Shi); suffer (Shi}; loan for *ko I kuo: j

k u bad, of poor quality (Chouli). v. *g'o I yuo: I h u wooded hill (Shi). Gl. 275.- x. id. rely on, depend on (Shi); reliant,

self-confident (Shu). Gl. 1270. - y-z. id. blessing (Shi:). z. is Chou III (inscr. 236). a', *g'o I yw I h u dewlap (Shi}; loan for id. how, why, what (Shi); long-during, far-

reaching (Shi:); part of a dagger-axe (Chouli); hu-t i e butterfly (Chuang); Northern Barbarians (Chouli); loan for i'. (Tso). Gl. 1126.

b'. *g'o I yuo: I h u overnight wine (shi'}; *ko I kuo, kuo-1 k u buy or sell wine (Sill). Gl. 421.

c'-d'. *kio I kiwo I k u sit down (Lunyu); dwell, reside in, occupy (ShY); settlement, residence (Shi); repose (Shi); tranquil, satisfied (Shi); overbearing, arrogant (Shi); comfortable, easily (Shi); to hoard (Shu); in the end (Shi'}; loan for id. final particle (Shi); ? I kji I k i final particle (Li). Gls. 300, 557, 869, 1316. d. is pre-Han (inscr. 417).

e'. *ko / kuo- I k u to stop, obstruct (Tso); c~nic (disease) (Li). f'. 1 I kd- I k o piece, item (Siin). g'. *ko I kuo I k u and *k'o I k'uo I k'u a kind of tree (Chouli). h'. *g'o I yw: I h u a kind of tree (Sill); loan for *ko I kuo: I k u of bad quality (Siin)

( cf. u. above). i'. *g'o I Y1W I h u a kind of sacrificial vessel (Lunyii). - j'. id. lake (Chuli).- k'. id.

gourd (Kuots'e).- 1'. id. supply food to, feed (Tso). - m'. id. pelican (Chuang). n'. *kio I kjwo- I k ii bent in an angle (Li); arrogant (Tso). o'. *kio I kfwo I k ii grasp (Shi'). Gl. 381.- p'. id. gem worn as girdle-pendant (Shl).-

q'. id. wide, ample (Siin). r'. *kfo kfwo- I k ii to squat (Tso). - s'. id. a saw (Kuoyii). t'. *k'io k'jwo I k'ii and *kjo I kjwo, kjwo- I k ii a kind of tree (ShY). u'. *g'jo g'jwo I k'ii and *kfo I kiwo I k ii dried meat of birds, esp. pheasants (Li). 50 a. *ko I hw: I k u drum (Shl); measure of weight (Tso) or capacity (Li). - b-f. to

drum (ShY). a. and b. are not distinguished in modern praxis. c. is Yin bone (A 5: 1,1), d. is Yin bone (E 38: 3), e. is Chou II (inscr. 139), f. is Chou III (inscr. 234). The graph shows a drum on its stand and a hand with a drum-stick. - g. id. eyeless, blind (Sh!).

51 a. *ko I kuo: I k u thigh (Sill). The Seal consists of 'flesh' and 'to beat'. - b. id. ram (Shi). a. is abbreviated phonetic.

52 a-b. *ko I kuo: I k u noxious vermin in the food, in the stomach (Chouli); noxious influences, seduction, madness (Tso); loan for id. business, affair (Yi). b. is Yin bone (A 6: 42,6). The graph has 'vessel' and 'insects'.

53 a-b. *g'o I yuo: I h u door (Shi); opening (Li); house, family (Tso); loan for id. to stop (Tso). b. is extracted from the arch. graph for 1146 below (Chou I, inscr. 58), cf. also f. below. The graph is a drawing of a door-leaf. - c. id. name of an ancient city (Ch'unts'iu); loan for id. a bird resembling a quail (Sh'i); to stop, to check (Tso ); wide, vast (Li); to tend (sc. horses) (Kung-yang); be covered with, bear upon oneseH (Ch'uts'i).

d, e, f. *g'o I yzw: I h u the first graph is Shuowen's form, the second Erya's for the bird written c. in the classics (a bird resembling a quail); from Han time loan for kuo- I k u to hire (Han shu). f. is Yin bone (A 2: 4,8, name).

g. *ko I kuo- I k u turn the head and look (Shi), regard (Shi:); take into consideration . (Shu); favour, grace (Shu); loan for id. only, but (Li).

34:


~ ~ifl S4 If ;f_i )_ f) f f 'f f 9 a l.r c. (L \;- c.

s6 tr a ~ ~ 57 ft. ~ ~ ~ d. a.. lr (.. cL a. c d.. ~ yt S8 1i X z X 1Ji % * l ~!t \'~ t~

e f d. L- c.. d. e f 3 h. a% ;f~ l 1'11.. j k ~ tf oo ~ 1~ r~r ~~ ~g 1 n. 0 p r s t u.. tr

54 a. *g'o I yuo- I h u intertwining, crossing (Chouli); barrier (Chouli); a stand (of crossing sticks) (Chouli). - b. id. railings, fence (Chouli). - c. id. shut in, stop up (said of cold which freezes, shuts up everything) (Tso ).

55 a-d. *g'o I yuo I h u final particle of exclamation (Shi) and interrogation (Shi): in, at, on, at side of (ShY). b. is Yin bone (A 1: 48,4}, c. is Chou I (inscr. 57, sense of h.), d. is Chou II (inscr. 133). - e-g. variant of the preceding (Lunyii ap. Han shu). f. is Chou I (inscr. 58), g. is Chou I (inscr. 76).

h. *xo I xuo, xuo- I h u call out, shout (Shi); oh! (Tso); call, summon (Li). i. *xo I xuo I h u shout (Chouli); abuse (:Meng). 56 a-d. *g'o I yuo I h u flask, flask-shaped vase (Shi'); bottlegourd (Shi). b. is Yin

bone(A 5: 5,5), c. is Chou I (inscr.l21), d. is Chou II (inscr.l50). The graph is a drawing.

-57 a. * xo I xzw I h u Ts'ie yiin reads in even tone and Shuowen defines it as = the streaks on a tiger (no text); but it is merely a short-form for b. below.

-b-e. * xo I xuo: I h u tiger (ShY). c. is Yin bone (A 4: 44,5) d. is Yin bone (B shang 6: 8), e. is Chou I (inscr. 86). The graph is a drawing, the tail being distorted into two legs in the modern form. - f. id. tiger-shaped jade object (Tso).

58 a-d. *ngo I nguo: I w u five (Sill). b. is Yin bone (E 24 7: 2), c. is Yin (inscr. G), d, is Chou I (inscr. 54).- e. id. group of five (Tso).

f-i. *ngo I 1l(J'IW I w u I, we, my, our (Tso); part of name (Shi); ngfo I ngjwo I y ii re-served (Kuoyii). g. is Chou I (inscr. 58), h. is Chon II (inscr. 180), i. is Chou III/IV (inscr. 323). In h. and i. the phonetic is doubled, and in i. there are additional radicals.

j. *ngo I nr.JUO- I w u awake, realize (Shu). - k. id. to turn against (Yili). - I. id. to meet, fu,c e to bee (Shi:). Gl. 339.

m. *ngo I ngno I w u Eloeococca (Shi). n. *ngo I ng1w- I w u to wake, awake (Sh!).- o. id. go against (Lu); encounter (Ch'uts'l). P *ngfo I ngjwo: I y ii prison (Li); imprison (Tso). - q-r. id. a kind of sounding box

(Shu)~ r. is Chou II (inscr. 200, name). s. *ngfo 11l{Jiwo I yii to go (Ch'uts'i); *nga I nga j y a P'eng-ya place name (Tso). t-u. *ngio I ngfwo: I y ii speak (Shi:); *ngfo I ngjwo- I y ii to tell (Tso). u. is Chou III

(inscr. 225 ).

35

I ''

BULLETIN OF THE MUSEUjvf OF FAR EASTERN ANTIQUITIES

)~ ~ 1 t ~~ 'lJZ 1~ A1t 4 f If "~ 60 :f B lr c.. cL e.. f '3 h.. i. j k a. CL lr

C1 t 11- rr ;1_ ~t ~t Y~t 1ir ~~ tg 1~~ ~ ~~ d. e -f 9 h. i "j k l -m.n o p q a. ! ~ o,~ fj~ ~~ ;fM' ~ ~ ~2__ j:_ _Q_ j_ a_i.{Jt 5-~J:_

l.r c d e f 9 h. 1. a Lr c ci. e.. f 'J 1* llt.:t (3 ;t, ~ ~ '4 \I\ ~ c;s-1A bb A

h. 1. j l.r c. a.. Lr a. a..

v. *ngio I ngiwo, ngiwo: I y ii c h u-y ti like irregular and uneven teeth, disparate, not fitting together (Ch'uts'i).

59 a-c. *ngo / nguo / w u shout (Shi); name of a state ('l'so). b. is Chou I (inscr. 109, name), c. is Chou II (inscr. 134, name). The graph has 'a bending man' and 'mouth'.

d. *ngo / nguo- I w u deceive (Kuots'e); mistake (Shu). - e. variant of the preceding (Chuang).

f. *ngfwo / ngfu: / y ti tall (Shi). Gl. 110. g. *ngiwo I WJilt / y ti rejoice (Shi). h-i. *ngf:wo I ngfu I y ii gamester (Shi); forester (Shu); loan for id. estimate, calculate,

think anxiously about, consider (Shi); be preoccupied, anxious, foresee, take precautions ~Tso); a sacrifice on the day of burial (Tso); to plot against (Tso); chat (Tso); loan for g. (}Ieng). Gls. 63, 1001, 1161. i. is Chou II (inscr. 147, name).

j. *ngfwo / ngfu: I y ii numerous (Shi). Gl. llO. - k. id. in crowds, numerous (Shi). 60 a-e. *ngo lnguo: I w u cyclical character (Shi); loan for id. resist (Li); cross-wise

(U). b. is Yin bone (E 4: 1), c. is Yin bone (B shang 5: 9), d. is Chou I (inscr. 76), e. is Chou I (imcr. 79).

f. *ngo / nguo:, nguo- I w u equal (Chuang). g. *ngo I ng1to- I w u oppose (Hanfei).- h. id. go against (Lie). i-j. *xio I xiuo: I h ii approve, allow (Shu); promise (Lii); find likely, expect (i\feng);

admit (Shi); loan for id. a place (Tso); loan for *xo I xuo: I h u sound of hewing (Shl). Gk 417, 858.

k. *xo j x1w: I h u river bank (Shi). 1-o. *mJio / ngfwo- I y ti drive a chariot (Lunyti); charioteer (Shi); govern, direct (Shi);

manage, do service (Li); office (Li); officer, attendant (Shi); set forth, present (Shi); attend on (Tso); concubine (Tso); loan for p. (Shi:); *nga I nga- I y a meet (Shi:). Gls. 37, 813, 1519, 1999. m. is Yin bone (A 1: 34,7), n. is Chou I (inscr. 55), o. is Chou II (inscr. 146). As seen from m. the element to the right is a kneeling man.

p-q. ngio I ngfwo: I y ii withstand (Shi); refractory (Shi); a match, opponent (Shi); stop (Shu); hinder, prevent (Meng). q. is Yin (inscr. 12).

61 a-c. *'o I uo I wu crow, raven (Shi); loan for id. oh! (Shu). b. is Chou I (inscr. 58), c. is Chou II (inscr. 180). The graJ}h is a drawing.- d. id. alas (Tso).

36

BERNHARD I

'I ,,,

:I I

i I i

II i

' ~


f. *li.o I li,wo- I 1 ii think of, foresee (Shi); be anxious about (Lunyii). g-i. *pljwo I pj7t / f u skin (Shl); loan for id. pork (Yili); cut meat (Li); fine, beautiful,

admirable (Shl). h. is Chou III (inscr. 217, sense of y. below), i. is Chou (inscr. 389, sense of y.).

j. *lo I luo I l u black and hard soil (Shu). Gl. 1370. - k. id. a kind of fruit tree (Lii). -1. id. stove (Hanfei).- m. id. stove (Tso).- n. id.lance shaft (Kuoyii ap Shuowen). -o. id. hempen threads (Meng). - p. id. skull (Kuots'e).

q. *ljo /lfwo I l ii hut (Shi); inn (Chouli); to lodge (Shi); loan for n. (Chouli).- r-s. id. display, expose (Kuoyii). s. is Chou III (inscr. 219, sense of d.).

t. *lio I liwo: I 1 ii passive (Siin). u. *lio /liwo I 1 ii madder-plant (ShY). v. *lio /li~oo- /1 ii inlay (sc. inlay work in bronze or iron) (only Han time text examples). x. *t'lio It 'iwo I c h'u extend (Ch'uts'i). y-z. *li.o I liwo- I 1 ii (same as v. above, hence the reading) inlay (sc. inlay work in

bronze or iron) (inscr. 218). z. is Chou III (inscr. 218).

70 a-d. *lo I luo: /1 u dull, blunt, simple (Lunyii); place name (Sh!). b. is Yin bone (B shang 31 2, sense here uncertain), c. is Chou I (inscr. 63, sense uncertain), d. is Chou I (inscr. 71, name). The graph has 'fish' and 'mouth'.- e. id. shield (Li).

71 a-b. *lo lluo: /1 u salty (sc. land) (Tso); rustic, coarse (Chuang); loan for 70 e. above (Kuots'e). b. is Chou I/II (inscr. 203). The dots may depict salt chrystals.

72 a. *p'o I p'uo: I p'n vast, everywhere (Yi); all (Shi ap. Tso). 73 a-b. *b'o / b'uo- / p n walk (Tso); course (Shi). GL 739. b. is Yin bone (A 2: 8,4).

The graph shows two feet making a step. In the Yin bone inscriptions, the character is often enlarged by Rad. 144.

74 a-d. *kio / kiwo / k ii and t'fa / #'fa / c h'e carriage, chariot (Shi'). b. is Yin bone (A 5: 6,5), c. is Chou I (inscr. 59), d. is Chou I (inscr. 86), The graph is a drawing.

e. *k'o / k'~to-/ k'u arsenal (lVIeng); magazine (Tso).

75 a. *ki.o I kfwo: / k ii lift, raise (Shi); to present (offerings) (Shl); start (Shi'); to record (Tso); mention (Li); promote (Li); take (Meng); loan for id. all (Tso).

38


g g 1g ;g t~ r$1 gr g~ g 8 ~ 77 jjf

I

'

f I

i

I: I

I. I, f ,i

'I.' I


e-f. *g'io I g'jwo: / k u upright posts of a drum or bell frame (Shi:). f. is Chou III/IV (inscr. 295). -g. variant of the preceding (Chouli).

79 a-c. *ngjo I ngiwo / y u fish (Sill). b. is Yin bone (A 4: 55,5), c. is Chou II (inscr. 180). The graph is a drawing. - d-f. variant of the preceding, enlarged by *xo 'tiger', the role of which is uncertain. e. is Yin bone (A 6: 50,3), f. is Chou II (inscr. 189, name).- g-1. id. to fish (Tso). h. is Yin bone (A 7: 9,1), i. is Yin bone (A 5: 45,3), j. is Chou IIII (inscr. 210), k is Chou II (inscr. 190), 1. is Chou III/IV (inscr. 324). -m-n. id. to fish (Chouli). n. is Chou III (inscr. 224, sense of -fr).

80 a-b. *ng[o I ngfwo-1 y ii drive a chariot (Ohouli); to direct, govern (Chouli), s. w. a. 60 I. above. The form b. is Chou I (inscr. 65). The graph has 'horse' and a 'hand' wielding some object.

81 a-c. *ngfo I ngiwo: / y u prison, impriso~(Yi Chou shu); restrain, embarras (l\Ieng); (keap in enclosures:) keep horses (Tso); ~- (Tso); (enclosures:) borders, frontiers (Shi:); loan for 58 q. sounding box (Shi); for 60 p. stop, obstruct (Chuang). b. is Yin bone (A 6: 53,1), c. is Yin bone (A 4: 4,1). The graph shows an enclosure with a man with manacles; or, abbreviated, only the manacles.

82 a-e. *dio I f.wo I y ii I, we (Shi); loan for I. (Chouli). b. is Yin bone (A 2: 5,3), c. is Chou I (inscr. 65), d. is Chou I (inscr. 105), e. is Chou II (inscr. 143, sense of s. below). The graph may have been the primary graph for f. below, being a drawing of a plough-share, applied to our meaning here by loan. -f. id. field in the 3rd (2nd?) year of cultivation (Shi).

g-h. *di.o I fwo- I y ii pleased (Shu ap. Shuowen). h. is pre-Han (inscr. 427, name). i-k. *dio / jwo I yi.i a proper name (inscr. 138). j. is Yin (inscr. 22), k. is Chou II

(inscr. 138). - I. id. remains (Shi:); surplus (Lunyli). m-n. *d'io / ll'jwo I c h'u eliminate, remove (Shi:); to clear out (Tso); loan for id.

(= 45 1') to heap (Sill); *d'io / lt'jwo- I c h u pass away (Shi). Gl. 424. n. is Chou IIIIN (inscr. 328).

o. *dzio / zfwo: I s ii arrange in order, order (Shu); class, rank (Chouli); seriatirn, each in his place (Shu); by and by (Shu). Gl. 1248.

p. *dzjo / zfu'O Is u walk slowly (Meng); slow, by and by (Tso); gently (l\Ieng); quiet (Chuang); loan for q. below (Tso). - q-r. id. place name (inscr. 223). r. is Chou III (inscr. 223).

s. *si.& I ja I she trade on credit (Chouli). - t. vulgar variant of the preceding (Ohouli).

u. *d'o I d'tw I t'u path on bank of a canal (Chouli); paved path (Ohouli). - v. id. road (Lie).

x. *d'o I d'uo I t'u and *d'a I a'a I c h'a some kind of Sonchus or Lactuca (Shi); bitter (Shi); a kind of rush or reed (Shi); loan for *Sf.o I jwo Ish u slowly (Chouli); a kind of jade tablet (Li).

y-z. *d'o I d'uo I t'u a kind of tree (no early text ex.). z. is Yin bone (0 1017, name). a'. *t'o I t'uo I t'u a kind of precious stone (Ts'ieyiin). b'. *t'o I t'1w, t'uo: I t'u and *d'o I d'uo: I t u glutinous rice (Sbl). c'. *d'io I a'jwo I c h'u coarse mat (Shi:, here metaphor for an ugly-looking thing).

Gl. 121. d'. *d'o I d'uo I t'u mire (Shl); to plaster (Shi); stop up (Tso); to soil (Chuang); road

(Lunyii), cf. v. above.

40

BERNHARD KARLGREN: GRAMMATA SERICA RECENSA -----

---------------

a. k l 1'11...~ 0 w 3) ;A ~

',,

' ..

: i i! !

I, I. I.

'

i

,.

I


v-x. *no I mw j n u wife and children (Shu). x. is Chou I (inscr. 100, graph slightly abbreviated). Gl. 1403. - y. id. store, treasury (only Han time text ex.); loan for id. tail (Tso); for v. above (Shi:).

z. *no j nno: In u crossbow (Chouli). a'. *no/ nuo:, nuo- In u anger, angry (Shi); violent, vigorous (Chuang). b', c'. *na I 1la In a to handle (Ch'uts'i); take (Chuang). d'. *1w nuo, nuo: j n u a kind of stone used for arrow-heads (Shu). e'. *no n1w, nw- I n u and *na / 1ia I n a cage (Ch'uts'!). f'. *no nuo / n u bad horse (Li).

95 a-b. *kiwo I kiu: I k ii (same as c. below, hence the reading) carpenter's square-(Kuan); loan for *g'fo j g'iwo: I k ii great (Meng). b. is Chou III/IV (inscr. 308, name). The graph is a drawing.

c-d. *kiwo / kiH: I k ii carpenter's square (Meng); rule, law (Lunyii); to mark, set a mark on (sc. a tree to be felled) (Chouli). ~- is Chou (inscr. 347, name). - e.variant of the preceding (Ch'uts'i). - f. id. gutter (Chouli).

g. *g'fo / g'iwo I k'ii canal (Li); loan for id. vast, spacious (Shi); tire of wheel (Chouli) ;. shield (Kuoyii). - h. id. millipede (Chuang).

i. *g'fo I g'i1vo: I k ii oppose, ward off (Lunyii); *lcjwo I kiu: / k ti troops drawn up in squares (Tso ).

j. *g'fo I g'iwo: I k ii black millet (Shl). - k-m. same as the preceding (inscr. 86). 1. is Chou I (inscr. 86), m. is Chou II (inscr. 155). - n. id. cakes (dumplings or threads} made of rice-flour and honey (Ch'uts'i). - o. id. plough (Kuan).

p. *g'fo I g'iwo:, g'fwo- / k ii y u n g- k ii how, num (Chuang). q. *g'jo j g'iwo: I k ti spur (Tso); loan for id. to oppose, resist (Shi:); distant from (Kuoyii)~

keep at a distance (Meng); come to, reach (Shu); leap (Tso). - r. id. hard iron (Stin);. loan for a. 'great' (Li), for p. (Kuots'e).

96 a-b. *kfwo I kiu- / k ii Shuowen says: look to right and left, thus taking it to be the primary form of c. below (no text). b. is pre-Han (inscr. 442, name).

c. *lcjwo I lcfu- I k ii frightened glance (Li); anxious, careful (Shi); flurried (Shi); loan. for *g'fwo I g'fu I k'ii a kind of lance (Shu). Gls. 252, 1996.

d. *g'fwo I g'fu / k'ii street (Tso). - e-f. id. go (Ch'uts'i). f. is Chou II (inscr. 180,. sense of i. below; rad. 156 instead of 157). - g. id. k'ii-y ii name of a bird (Tso).

h. *g'fwo I g'fu I k'ii and *g'iwo / g'fu- / k ii lean, emaciated (Kuots'e). i. *g'fwo I r/iu- I k ii to fear (Shi:).

97 a-g. *gfwo I fiu I y ii to go, go to (Shi'); to, in, at, on (Shi); an empty particle (Shi); loan for id. great (Li); enlarge (Shu); lips of a bell (Chouli); chant (Chouli); tranquiL (Chouli); loan for t. (Shi:); for p. (Chuang). Gls. 575, 1006. b. is Yin bone (A 1: 53,~), c. is Yin bone (B hia 43: 1), d. is Yin (inscr. 6), e. is Yin (inscr. 27), f. is Chou I (inscr. 56), g. is Chou I (inscr. 57).

h. *gjwo I jiu: j y ti eaves, sides of house under eaves (Shi); abode (Shi); (cover =) protect (K.uoyii); tenitory (Shi); boundary (Tso); the world (Shi-tsi:); vast (Chuang). Gl. 499.

i. *giwo j jiu I y ii bath tub (Li); big cup (Siin); loan for id. complacent, self-satisfiecl (Siin). - j. id. a kind of precious stone (Lie). - k-m. id. bowl (Hanfei); a formatioiL of a hunting party (Tso). I. is Yin bone (A l: 41,7, name), m. is Chou I (inscr. 65, name) .. - n. id. reed organ (Li).

o. gfwo j jin- I y ti Colocasia (Yili); loan for h. sheltered (Shi:). Gl. 499.

BERNHARD KARLGREN: GRAMMATA SERICA I!_l!_~F}_:~~~----~-------- --------.. --

0/ t:1r.:t ~ 13~ dlH- J~ ,{$ t~ A1311 '\'t ~7 t /ftJ l.::ll::l 1f_ llf[ IX- "-~ it 11- lr c. d e t ~ h

1 lY ~ ;ff ft _1 * ~ f ff 1 * l.r

~ 'ot ~t d.. e f ~h. t. J k l 'Y\1.1'\.. 0

~i ~:r :t5 A's n- ~t 4 :Js 3]~ y "' ,... 5 t ~) -fl~ %lJ ~~ ~ ;t

v )1. y :z.. o.! ~' c' d..' f8 1~ tt ~ J~ !00 ffu ;;;

e f "1 a. ~

1r c. cL

cL c. d.. e

. giwo j fiu 1 y ii and 'fwo j 'iu / y ii bend, deflec~ (Shu); a~~ray, ~ar ~way from (L~nyu). !-s: giwo 1 jiu j y u sacrifice with prayer for ram (Lunyu); r. 1s Ym bone (A 5. 39,6), s. is Chou I (inscr. 54, sense of a. abo;e). . . . .

"t , wo 1 xi1~ 1 h u oh, alas, to sigh, gneve (Sh1). - u. ~d. lift the eyes and regard (Y1). 'st:re (Sii~); pained (Shi). Gls. 244, 610. - v-x. id. great (Shi), x. is Chou III/IV

(inscr. 311). Gl. 244. . y 'iwo I iu I y ii bent, crooked (Chouh). :z: ~o 1 1;0 1 w u to plaster (Tso). -a'. _id. to,~~aster (Lunyu). . . .. . b'-c'. 1vo j 1w j wu impure (Tso), untidy (Sh1); stagnant -..:a~e~ (Tso~, s?a~ (~lu),

low mean (Tso); laborious service (Tso); debase, reduce, dlimmsh (L1); wa I wa I w a' impure, vile, mean (Meng); dig a hole in the ground (Li); loan for y. (Tso). Gls. 11, 554.

.d'. xJwo I xiu: I h ii ceremonial cap (Shi:). 98 a-b. gfwo 1 jju: fy ti feather, wing ~Shi). b .. is extracted from the archaic graph

for 1124 below (inscr. 439). The graph 1s a drawmg . .c. x,iwo 1 xiu: 1 h ii oak (Sh!); loan for id. glad (Chuang). - d. id. self-asserting, ener-

getic (Li); far-reaching (Li). -99 a-c. *gi-wo 1 jiu: 1 y ti Shuowen says: c h'n n g (insect or reptile),_ (no text); ~- pr. (Shi); loan for 95 c. above (Chouli). b. is Chou II (inscr. 174, name), c. IS Chou III (mscr.

229, name). - d. id. circumspect (Lie). .e. *ki1vo 1 kiu: j k ti a clan name (Shi:). - f. id. carpenter's square (Chouli), s. w. a.

95 a. and c. above. - g. id. solitary (Shi:). 100 a-e. *gfwo 1 jj 1t: j yii rain (ShY); *gjwo / jin- j y ii to. rain upon (Shi). b .. is ,Yin

bone (A]: 25,3), c. is Yin bone (A 2: 35,3), d. is pre-Han (mscr. 444, name), e. IS Shou III/IV (inscr. 327). The graph is a drawing.

101 a-d. *pjwo 1 Pi'n 1 f u man (Shi); loan for *b'fwo I b'f1[ / f :1 t~1is, that (Sh!); the one in question (Lunyii); as to (Tso); final particle (Lunyii). b. 1s Ym b_one (A 5: 32,1), c. is Yin (inscr. 17), d. is Chou I (inscr. 65). The graph shows a man w1th a honzontal stroke (hair-pin?) on the head.

.e. *piwo I pfu / f u axe (Li).

45

' ' '

I,!'

BULLETIN OF T!!_E MUf!_~UM OF FAR EASTERN ANTIQUITIES

f. *b'fwo I b'fu I fu to support, assist (Lunyii); loan for id. to crawl (Li then also react *r:'wo I p'uo I p'u); first syllable in various names of plants etc. (Sh'i etc.); *piwo 1 PfU If u breadth of 4 fingers (Li). Gl. 98. '

g. *b'fwo I b'iu If u a kind of tree (Kuan). - h. id. f u- j u n g lotus (Ch'uts''i). 102 a-e. *b'jwo I b'j1i: I fu father (Sh'i); old man (Tso); *pfwo I pju: 1 f u honorific

s~c~nd ?part ?f persona~ name e. g .. Kia-fu (Shl). b. is Yin bone (A 1: 24,5), c. is Yin ~mscr. -),d. Is Chou I (mscr. 54), e. IS Chou IT (inscr. 139). The graph has a hand hold-mg a~ ~_ncestr~! tablet (?, cf: : 'ancestral tablet', which has the same top element).

f.-g. b 1~0 I b JU: I f u cookmg-pot (Sh'i); a measure (Lunyii), g. is Chou IV (inscr. 290 rad. 121 mstead of rad. 167). ' ~-i. **pjwo I pju: If u axe (Shi'). S. w. a. 101 e. above; i. is pre-Han (inscr. 417). J-1. pwo I !uo-) P u cloth (Shl); currency (money) (Chm1li); loan for id. spread out

(a. mat) (LIJ;. display (Tso); announce (Tso); disperse (Tso). k. is Chou I (inscr. 91), 1. IS Chou I (mscr. 131 a). The modern graph is distorted so as to obscure the fact that a. above is phonetic.

m. *p'wo I p'uo- j p'u fear (Chuang). n-~ *pfw.o / pju: I fu honorific second part of personal name, e. g. Ki-fu (Sh'i); name

(LI) (this IS ~ \\r . a. 102 a. above in its ~nd reading); great (ShY); to begin (Chouli). Gls. 464, 678. o: IS Ym bone (A~: 8, 4; possibly sense of z. below), p. is pre-Han (inscr. 440, name), q. ,rs Chou I~IIIV (mscr. 303, ~arne). The explanation of thi~ graph is ven-obscure. ~orne archarc forms, e. g. x., m . below, clearly have Jfj as radical and a. abov-e as phonetic .. But other ~orms, e. g. o., p., a'., b.', r'., seem rather to be a drawing of a plant growmg from a field (the primary form of z. below'?). Something between these two extremes are forms like q., s'. and z '.

r. *pfwo I p[u: If u c:ried meat (Shi'). - s. id. an auspicious plant (Shuowen, no early i~~i_ex.); loan for n reed (Ch'uts'i). - t. id. embroidered with axe figures (Shl). Gl.

u. *pfwo I p{11, pju:, pfu- If u a kind of ritual vessel (Yili). v-x. *b'jwo / b'(u: / f ~ prot~cting boards on sides of carriage (Sh'i); protect, help (Slu);

bones ?f upper Jaw (YI). x. Is Chou II (inscr. 156, name). Gl. 544. - y. id. a measure (Chouh), cf. f. above.

z-b.' *pw~ 1. p1t~:, r:uo- I p u vegetable garden (Shi); park (Shi); gardener (Lunyii) .. Gl. 464. a 0 IS Yrn (mscr. 21), b. is Chou I/II (inscr. 211).

46


*pwo j pzw: 1 p u supplement, mend; r.epair (ShY); assist (C~ouli). *pwo 1 pzw 1 p u escape (Shu). - e. ~d. eat (Meng); meal m the afternoon (Lii). *p'wo f p'uo: I p'u river bank (Shi) .

*p'wo f p'1w I p'u and *p'jwo / p'j1L / f u suffering, exhausted, disabled (Shl). -h'. id. (both readings) spread out, extensively (Shi); loan for g'. suffer (Shi), harass. (Shi). Gls. 564, 1037.

i'. *b'wo 1 b'uo- I p u have food in the mouth (Chuang). - j'. id. seize (Tso). k'. *b'wo f b'uo I p'u a big drinking-bout (only Han time text ex.); loan for *b'wo j b'uo-

/ p u a malevolent and noxious deity (Chouli). 1'-ro'. *b'wo I b'uo I p'u and *b'g'wo I b'i.1t j f u crawl (Shi). m. is Chou I (inscr. 65,

sense of t'.). Gl. 98. n'. *b'wo I b'uo I p'u rush, reed (Shi); willow (Shi:); loan for r. (Tso). - o'. variant of

the . preceding ( Siin) . p'-s'. *p'fwo I p'f~t j f u diffuse, extend, spread out (Yi). r. is Chou II (inscr. 148),

s'. is Chou II (inscr. 180). - t'. id. spread out widely, wide (Shi); extensively (Shu); arrange (Shi); set forth (Sh1); publish (Shu). Gls. 1037, 1890.

u'. *piwo f pfu-1 fu assist, assistant (Slli'); teacher, instruct (Tso); *b'fwo j b'iu- If 11 attach, apply (Tso); reach to, come to (Sh'i); close to, approach (Tso); loan fort'_ extensively (Shi:, one version). Gl. lOll.

v'. *b'jwo I b'j1t I fu a kind of tree (Lii). x'. *b'iwo I b'fu- If u money contribution to cost of burying (Tso). y'-z'. *p'wo I p'uo I p'u name of a fish (inscr. 324). z. is Chou III/IV (inscr. 324).

103 a-f. *n~iwo I mi1t I w u not have (Shi:); not, no (Shi), don't (Slli). b. is Yin bone (A 6: 21,1), c. is Yin bone (A 3: 20,4), d. is Yin (inscr. 49), e. is Chou I (inscr. 63), f. is Chou II (inscr. 140). The graph is the primary form of g. below, 'to dance', being a drawing of a man with dancing plumes in the hands.

g. *mjwo j1nju,; I w u make postures to music, dance (Sh'i); loan for id. upper surface of a bell (Chouli). -h. variant of the preceding (Chuang). - i. id big house (Kuan)~ loan for id. luxuriant (Shu).

j. *miwo j miu: I w u and *xmwo I xuo I h u taken aback, stupefied (Lunyii); loan for id. great (Sh'i).

k. *nvjwo j1nj1t: I w u jar (Li). 1. *mjwo j mju I w u overgrown with weeds (lVIeng). - m. id. induce, advise (Kuan)_

*xmwo J xno j h u cover (Li); loan for id. great (Shi, one version); arrogant (Li). o. *xmwo I xuo I h u and * xmfwo I xiu: I h ii and mjwo I mfu I w u big slice of dried

meat (Li); loan for mfwo j rniu: j w u big, important (Shi'); numerous (Shl); rich, beauti-ful (Shi); cf. i. above. Gl. 580.

p. *p'fwo I p'fu: If u lay the hand on (Li); soothe, pacify (Tso); stabilize (Tso); accomo-date oneself to (Shu); hold (Li); manage (Shu). Gls. 1685, 1760.

q-r. xrnio I X1'wo: I h ii place name (inscr. 294), a state in the classics called * xio I xiwo: I h ii. The alternative graphs evidently indicate alternative readings. r. is Chou III/IV (ins cr. 294 ).

104 a-e. *rnjwo l1niu: I w u martial, military (Sh'i); loan for id. foot-print (Shi); a. rolled-up cap (Li). b. is Yin bone (A 1: 20,7), c. is Yin (inscr. 32), d. is Chou I (inscr. 75), e. is Chou I (inscr. 65). The graph has 'foot' and 'dagger-axe'. - f. id. parrot (Li).

g-h. *pfwo I pfu- I fu tax, to tax (Shu); contribution (Tso); give, distribute (Shi)~ loan for id. ballad, to chant (Tso). h. is Chou II (inscr. 180).

47

!: ,, I r,' I'

BULLETIN OF' THE MUSEUM OF FAR EASTERN ANTIQUITIES ---------------~~------

f()J 1HE ~'i * W; ~ * ~ 1~ !~ )~~ .J.-1- ~#f: ~~~-. ' ~ "'\. ~ a_ {, C- d_ e f g h_ 1.. ;1 k l 'in "!'\ (l

fJ ~:t t~ ~r 704 il j tt ;I\~ A u J(}j _ ~. 1 0(, -;,:__ .. ~ ~ p q -r Cl L- c cl e F ~ h. a. lr JL 107 -1!} ;og ';;] ~~1;; ~~ ?-* 0 ~ ~~ ~(t I'~ ~X. t laJ a. ct. a. lr c d_ e f q h. i. 1' k L f~ >what the k'u bird picks>>).

48

BERNHARD KARLGREN: GRAiVJMATA SERICA RECENSA ---------------------

JOJ _t X ~~~~$~:4 it. l ~t, ~J :l. 1X 1X ~ ~ '0 t ~,.;. Q_ L- (_ d._ e f 9 h. 'l j k L m 11. 0

110 tJ t::J \j or ta ~(] 111 Jt! ~ !!l Ia (G &__ })~ 9/a a. lr C- d e f a. lr a.. lr c.. d. e

ajcr 1!3 {~ rtrrrr 1~ o{~ 11( ~~ ~ 't{~ 711 If- rw f lr d. f '3 h i. !r 9 a.. c e. j a.

~ rf ITS 1!_ ~~ ~! !!( ;t :t-4 111 re_. -.{..., c. d. a. l.r c. a. l.r a.

2. *k'fu k'fu: I k'ii and k'u I k'~u: I k'o u dexterous, skilful, fabricate (Yi Chou shu). *xiu xiu, xiu- I h ii exhale, breathe on (Lao); cry out (Kuots'e); spit out (Chuang). *Xi.1t J:i'lt: I h ii merry (Lii).

c'. *xi.1t xiu:, xi1t- I h u warm, heat (Li). Gl. 92.

109 a-d. *ku I k?,u- I k o u c hung- k o u inner chamber (Shi; sense: trellis-work?). Gl. 130. b. is Yin bone (E 77: 1, sense of l. below), c. is Chou (inscr. 383, sense of c. below), d. is pre-Han (inscr. 413, name). The fundamental sense of this word stem *ht here seems to be 'intertwine, interlacery, trellis-work, connect, cross', and all the words a, e, f, g, h, i. are of the same stem. Etymologically the same word is 108 e. of last group: 'basket for catching fish', being made of interlaced bamboo strips, the word meaning really 'interlacery'. Our graph here shows such an 'interlacery' fish-trap. - e. id. second marriage (Yi); favour (Sill). Gl. 362. - f. id. to cross, join (as weapons in fighting) (Meng). - g. id. fabricate, build (Shu); unite (Yi); come in contact with (Shl); come in conflict with (Shi:); to plot against (Tso).

h. *ku, I kiJ.lt I k o u drain, irrigation canal (Lunyii); moat {Li). - i. id. bamboo cage (Ch'uts'I).

j. *kn I k?.u- / k o u come across, meet with (ShY); loan for 112 c. (Shi:, certain versions). Gl. 242. - k. id. to present, give (Kuots'e). - 1-o. id. meet with (cf. j. above) (Shu). loan for 112 c. (Shi:, certain versions). Gl. 242. n1. is Yin bone (A l: 2,6), n. is Yin (inscr. 32), o. is Chou I (inscr. 77).

110 a-c. *k'n I k'gu: I k' o u mouth (Sh'i). b. is Yin bone (0 220, name?) c. is extracted from the Archaic graph for 575 l. (inscr. 54, Chou I). The graph is a drawing.

d. *k'u ( k'~u:, k'~n- I k'o u strike (Lunyii); attack, set to work upon (Lunyu).-e. id. strike (~Ieng); lay hold of (Tso).

.f. *k'u, I k'gn: I k'o u beat on some metal object, make a noise (Kuoyu).

111 a-b. *lc'll I k'.,z,u-1 k'o u to rob (Shu); robber (ShY); invader (Tso); bandit (Tso). b. is Chou II (inscr. 1:32). The graph has 'roof' and 'beat' and 'head'.

112 ~-b. *g'u I y~u:, ygu- I h o u sovereign, lord (Sh1); queen (Tso); loan for :fJt (Li). b. Is Yin bone (lVI 351 ). Explanation of graph uncertain, cf. 972 a.

49

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BULLETIN .OF THE MUSEUM OF FAR EASTERN ANTIQUITIES

c. *g'u J ygu- I h o u hie- h o u carefree and happy (Shi). Gl. 242. d. *len lle~u: I k o u filth (Shi). Gl. 130. e. *lczt lleu- I k o u to meet (Yi); good (Kuan). t. *ku 1 kgu: 1 k o u and *lc'1t fle'f!.1t- I k'o u and *xu I x~u- 1 h o u revile, disgrace (Tso). g. *xu I Xg1t:, Xgu- I h o u disgrace, insult (Ta Tai li). 113 a-d. *g'u / J'g1t I h o u target (Shi); (skilled archer, chief:) feudatory prince (Shi);

princely (Shi); loan for id. a particle (Shi); implore (Chouli). Gls. 760, 784, 857. b. is Yin bone (A 2: 28,2) c. is Yin (inscr. 9), d. is Chou I (inscr. 60). The graph has 'arrow' and a roof with only one side-wall, cf. 807 f. archery hall.

e. *g'u f ?'i!U I h o u be on the look-out for, watch (Tso ); receive, escort, attend, wait upon (Shl).

f. *g'1t I y~u I h o u throat (Shi). -g. id. monkey (Chuang).- h. id. Shuowen says: root of a feather (no text); loan for i. below (Yili).

i. *g'n I y7u, y~u- I h o u arrow with metal~oint (Shi). j. *g'11 I yQu I h o u dried food, provisions (Shi:). 114 a-d. *g'1t / ygu: / h o u thick (Shi); ample (Lao); generous (Li). b. is Yin bone

(P 211), c. is Chou I (inscr. 93), d. is Chou II (inscr. 152).

115 a-c. *g'u / ygu: f h o u behind, after (Shl); follow (Tso ); to place after (Lunyii); descendants (Shi); successor (Tso). b. is Chou I (inscr. 69), c. is Chou I (inscr. 94).

116 a. *f11 j tern: I to u bushel, a measure (Shi); ladle (Shi:); name of a constellation (Shi); *tj1t (tj1t: I c h u ladle (Chouli). -b. variant of the preceding: 'ladle' (Li).

118 a-c. *d'1t / d'gu Ito u a ritual vessel (Shi); loan for id. bean (Li); loan for 116 a. above (Chouli). b. is Chou II (inscr. 138, name), c. is Chou II (inscr. 147, name). The graph is a drawing. - d. id. neck (Tso).

e. *d'1t I d'g1l f t'o u head (Tso). f. *rliu I ifu: /shu robe made of poor cloth (Lie).- g. id. attendant, young man (Tso). 119 a-c. *tsu I ts~u: I t s o u run, hurry (Shi); go (Yili). b. is Chou I (inscr. 63), c. is

Chou I (inscr. 65). The graph has 'man' and 'walk', or 'man' and 'foot'.

120 a. *lu llg1t-ll o u to leak (Tso); secluded northwestern corner of the house (Shl). Gl. 956. Shuowen has a >>primary>> form without 'water' at the left (no text).

121 a-c. *g'j1tl g'f:.u- I kii provide, arrange (Tso); to hoard (Shu); implement (Tso); complete (Shi); loan for d. (Shl). b. is Chou II (inscr. 132), c. is Chou II (inscr. 145). The graph has 'two hands' and 'cowry'.

d. *kiu f k{:1t I kti both, all, together (Tso). e. *kjzt I ki1t: I k ti Hovenia dulcis (Li); a kind of tray or stand for dishes (Li). 122 a-b. *k'jn I k'in I k.'ti conceal (Stin); loan for id. class, classify (Lunyii); division

(Shu); area (Huainan); small (Tso); content, happy (Tso); *'1t /'QuI o u conceal (Tso); loan for id. a measure (Tso); loan for *leu I k~u I k o u crooked (Li). b. is Chou I (inscr. 67). The graph shows objects stored in a receptacle.

c. *k'iu lle'j1t, k'i11- I k'ti drive (horses) forward (Shi:); gallop, hasten (Tso); drive out, expel (Tso). - d-f. variant of the preceding (Chouli). e. is Chou II (inscr. 182), f. is Chou III/IV (inscr. 323). - g. id. body, person (Meng).

50

BERNHARD KARLGREN: GRAMM AT A SERICA RECENSA

j m 0 p r

*k'u J k'~u I k'o u and *k''1t I k'iu I k'ii pull up (as a dress) (Li). *'u j~u: / o u vomit (Tso); *'u I ~n / o u babble (as a child) (Siin). *'u 1~u: / o u beat (Lii). *''U J ~u- / o u to steep, soak (Shl); loan for *'n I ~u f o u sea-gull (Lie). *'u f'gu, I o u bowl (Sun). - m. d. sing (1\feng). *'iu I 'iu: / y ii bend the body (Tso); humpback (Li). ju / 'j11:, 'ju- I y ii to warm with the body (as a mother a child) (Li). *'iu ( 'iu I Y ii and *k'j11 I k'fn / k'ii satiated (Sh'i). (written w. Rad. 164 in Ode

164, Han version, Gl. 414). .*l'i~ I ts'i1t / c h'u piv?t (1;'i), *'u / ~u I o u a kind of thorny elm (Shi) (the dic-tion?'nes~ ~11 read c h ~ m this ~ense as well, but both Ts'ieyiin and Shiwen read 0 u). lkt'1u/t'1nl ch'u w1ld cat (Lie).

a. *gliu fljzt ll ii drag, trail (Sh'i); loan for *glju fliu: ll ii bind (Kungyang); connec:t (Ch~ang); for *gln ll~u ll o u empty (Shi); name of a constellation (Li); in h~at.(sc. ?wme)_.(Tso); for *glnllgu, l~u: /lou mound, hillock (Tso). Gls. 289,557 .

.,uz~u fl~u: ll .. u and *gln fl~n flo n bend (Siin), bend the body, hunchbacked (Tso). gl~u / lJ1l 11 u and *glu / lg11 flo u a sacrifice in the 2nd or 8th month (Hanfei). -

d. td. (both readings) drag away (1\feng). +

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BULLETIN OF' THE MUSEUM OF F'AR E.4.STERN ANTIQUITIES

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BULLETIN OF' THE !JfUSEUM OF F'AR EASTERN ANTIQUITIES

!28 -* *- t 1~ ~ 1t ~--* a. m ~ ~*- J% t~ t' 1( l; c.. d e f 9 h. 1. 1 k L n. 0

%k l~ -}f'- :7$ it- 0*- 11~ L yi_ ~ tJ J1 {1 ;ff -t p T 5 t u a.. ~ c:. cL e f g K i

130 9: ~ 1-Z 737 M a~ ~~ ~t ~ ~ ~ ~l}tgJ- ~ a.. L, C. Ct... lr c d. e f 9 h.. 1. j k p~ tlfX- ~*-~ * ~~ 15l *1 ~ J! ~ ~ ~~ .~~ t4~ l Tn n o p '! a. lr C. d. e f ~ h.

129 a. *tf:~t I tditt: I c h 11 master, lord, host (Shi:); princess (Kuoyii); ancestral. tablet (Chouli); govern (Li); principal, count as principal (Lunyli). Shuowen says: the wick of a lamp, taking it to be the primary form of a word :!'., which, however, is known only from Han time. Possibly the graph is a drawing of an ancestral tablet on a stand (? , of. 102 a-d).

b. tjzt, I tfn- I c h u net (Kuoyli). c. tilt I tsiu