Grammar Usage - JLPT N2

8/11/2019 Grammar Usage - JLPT N2

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Grammar usage - JLPT N2Explanation of entries:

English meaning (additional information) The way to conjugate.

[ ]-verbs ex. [ - ] [ - ] [ - - ] [ - ] [ - ] [ - ] [ - ] [ - ] [ - ] [ - ] [ - ] [ - ]

-i-adjectives ex. [ -] [ - ] [ - ] [ - ]

-na-adjectives ex. [ -] [ - ] [ - ] [ - ]

-noun ex. [ ] [ - ]

[ - ] [ - ]

[ ]-ordinary form

[ ]-noun modifier form

a synonym an example sentence an idiom an additional reference a warning when using the expression


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Grammar Patterns:

~ (

In the end; finally; on top of all that; to make matters worse. [ - - ]

~ Do ~ so much as to ~ [ - / - - ]

~ ( ) Since [ ] [ - - ]becomes [ - - ] ~ often followed by obligations, prohibitions, demands, presumptions, and strong conclusions such as [

/ / / ]

~ / ~ While; Meanwhile (shows a comparison between two things) [ ] [ ] use [ ]

~ (no specific meaning) shows something continuing towards a certain tendency. ex. more and more; less and

less; keep on~; never stop~ [ - ] Uses verbs that show / express a change


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~ ( ) In addition to~ [ ]

~ ( ) / ~ / ~ / ~ A After...ing ; Uponing

[ - - ]

B used when talking about something from a certain time, place, or condition (often following sentencegives advice or warning)

[ - - ]

~ Now that~; Since~ [ - / ]

~( ) / ~( ) Shall we~; Let's~ [ - ]

~ / ~ [ - / - - - - ]

A While~ < do something before the condition changes >

B While~ < during that time, something that did not start, will happen >

~ Be possible to~ [ - ]


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~ Be impossible to~ [ - ]

~ / ~ Thanks to~; Owing to~; Because of~ (express thanks to the result of a good outcome) [ ] Thanks to you or some higher power

~ Be in danger of~ [ - - ]


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Grammar Patterns:

~ ( ) / ~ / ( )A As long as~ ; As far as~

[ - - - - / ]

B As long as~ ; As far as~ [ - / ]

C As long as~ ; As far as~ [ - - ]

D As long as~ ; As far as~ [ - - - - ]

~ / ~ / ~ Unfinished ; Half~ (ex. half eaten, half finished) [ - ]

~ Cant do~ ; Difficult to~ [ - ]

~ / ~ Tend to~ [ - ] Used mostly with a negative meaning

~( ) / ~( ) As soon as~ [ - ] ( ) -

~ ~

No sooner than~ [ - / ] [ - ] - - -


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~

Be capable of~ ; Be in danger of~ (Used when there is a chance of something bad happening) [ - ] -

~ Be hard to~ ; Be difficult to~ [ - ]

~ / ~ / ~ Like~ [ ] [ ] use [ ]

~ / ~ / ~ Judging from~ ; When it comes to~; As for~ [ ]

~ [ ]

A Even~

B Judging from~

~ / ~ [ ]

A For~

B Judging from~

~ \ ~ B meaning

~ Just because~ [ ] (often the sentence will be negative.)

~ ~

From~to~ [ ] [ ]


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~ / ~

Now that~ ; Since~ [ ] [ ] use [ ] followed by obligations, resolutions, presumptions, suggestions, and commands

~ ( ) / ~ / ~ From the viewpoint of~ ~ [ ]

~ Instead of~ [ - ]

In place of~ [ - ] ~

Fitting of~; Suiting~; Be appropriate to [ ]

~

Rather~ ; A little~ [ - ]

~ ( )

A Only~ ; Just~ [ - / ]

B (something continuing the same condition after happening) [ - ]

In spoken language becomes ~

~ / ~ / ~

Do(be) completely~ / Be unable to do till the end / Be able to do till the end [ - ]


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~ In spite of~ ; Though~ [ ] Not often used in formal situations

~ ( ) / ~ ( ) To the extent that~ ; As~as~ ; To the point that [ - / - - - ]

At least~ [ - - ]

~ Seem~ [ - -] ~ becomes a

~ / ~ emphatic (Place a strong emphasis on the subject) [ ]

~ I wonder ; quite ; surely [ ]

~ Because~ (tells why something is) [ ]

~ When you want to tell someone that something has importance [ - / - ]


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~

As it is ~ it can be expected that ~(Used to tell something everyone knows. Following sentence is a presumption)

[ ]

~ Without~ [ - ]

~ ( ) To my~ (strengthens the speakers feeling ex. To my surprise) [ - - - ]

~ Be supposed to ~ (shows an appointment or rule) [ - - - - ]

~ No need to ~ [ - ]


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Grammar Patterns:

~ ( ) / ~ When~ ; Upon~ [ - / - ] - -

~ / ~ In the midst of~ ; During ~ [ - - ]

~ / (~ ) Even~ [ ] when is connected to a noun, the particles and are omitted.

~ ~ If only~ [ - ] /

[ - - ] / [ ] [ - - - - ]

-

~ Cant help thinking~ [ - ] [ ] becomes

~( ) / ~( ) / (~ ) ( ) After~(for a long time) [ - - ]


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~ Have no other way but~ / Must~ [ - ]

~ As soon as~ [ - ]

~ / ~ ( )A show a reason, details. When you want to show the result of something.

[ ]

B Depending on~ [ ]

~ ( ) / ~ / ~ From the standpoint of~; (can also be thought of as ~ly. Ex. ?hisorically ?legally) [ ]

the noun in front of ~ is usually a Chinese word

Ex. etc

~ / ~ / ~ Because of~ ; On account of~ (The cause leads to a bad result) [ ] be ones imagination

blame something or somebody


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Grammar Patterns:

~ / ~ / ~ / ~ A Becoming of~ ; Worthy of~ ; Fitting of~

[ ] [ ] doesnt use[ ]

B Because ; So [ ]

C As long(much) as~ [ ] < / >

~ ~ / ~ ~ Even if~ [ - - - - ]

~( ) When~ (When something is done, this is the result) [ - ] -

~( ) ( ) Just as~ ; As soon as~ ; No sooner than~ [ - ]

~ ( ) Everytime~ [ - - ]

~ Full of~ [ ] -


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~ When doing ~ also do ~ [ - / - ]

~ (used at the end of a sentence when remembering (confirming) something) [ ] ~ \ ~ can also be used - -

~ No way that~ [ - ] Use in conversations

~ / ~ [ - ]

A While~ Not used in conversations. ~ can not be used in this way

B ~Though

~ Be (gradually) doing~ [ - ] Used mostly in written form

~ A ~ish ; ~like ; ~looking

[ - ] -

B Easily~ [ - ]

becomes a


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~( ) Since~(and still going on) [ - ] Shows the continuation of something that happened in the past and is still going on.

~( ) / ~( ) Not until~ [ - ] The following sentence will always be negative.

(~ ) / ~( ) Cant help~ing ; Cant stand(bear)~ [ - - - ] Subject is always first person

(~ ) Cant help~ing [ - - - ] More formal than ~ etc. can't use ~

~ [ ]

A Ive heard that

is used for letters, etc.

B It means that

~ / ~ A Speaking of~ ; Talking about~

[ ] -

B Speaking of~ ; Talking about~

[ ] [ ]doesn't use [ ]


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~

Is known as~ ; It is that~ [ ] sometimes [ ]don't use [ ]

~ / ~ Not necessarily~ ; Its not that [ ] sometimes [ ]don't use [ ]

~ More than~ [ ]

~ Speaking of~ ; Talking about~(show plus and minus) [ ]

~ But~ ; Although~ (show what your thinking about is wrong or different) [ ] sometimes[ ]don't use [ ]

~ ( ) / ~ ( ) Just as~ [ - / - ] [ ]

~ hear that~ ; say that~ [ ]

~ Far from~ [ ] [ ]don't use[ ] [ - ]can be used

~ / ~ Cant do ~ because~ [ - ]


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~ / ~ / ~ At that time ; At that place ; At that scene [ - / / - ]

~ / ~ [ ]

A If~

B If~ (Think from the perspective of~)

~ ( ) / ~ / As~ [ ]

~ A. With~

[ ]

B. At the same time~ [ -- ; -- ; -- ; -- ]

C. As~ [ -- ; ]


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Grammar Patterns:

~ If not~ [ - - - - ] The following sentence will be negative.

~ / ~ Possibility of~ (Neither yes or no) [ - - - - ]

~ / Always end up~ [ - ] [ ]becomes[ ] Only for first person. For third person, use ~ ~ at the end.

~ Though~ [ - / - - - ]

~ / ~ B meaning

~ / ~ / ~ [ ]

A such as; like; and so on - -

B etc; among other things ; for example

are used in spoken language

~ / ~ When~(show something that should be done in this situation) [ - ]

~ ( ) / ~ / ~ In ; At ; On ; same as the particle [ ]


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~ / ~ / ~

In response to~ [ ]

~ / ~ ( ) Regardless of~ [ - / - ] Nouns showing a kind or extent of something, or 2 words in opposition are usually used.

Such as Adjectives such as can be combined and used.

~ / ~ / ~ A Only~

[ ]

B Without fail~ [ ]

C Be the best~ [ - / - ]

~ Not only~but also~ [ ] -

~ / ~ If (when) talking about ~ ; As far as~is concerned~ [ ]

followed by a positive sentence

~ / ~ [ ]

A In place of~

B ( By proxy~ )


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~ ( ) / ~ / ~ About~ ~ [ ]

~ Its decided that~ (often used in speaking) [ ] [ ] don't use [ ] Mostly used in speaking

~ / ~ Compare~ to~ [ ]

~ / ~ In addition to~ [ ]

~ / ~ / ~ / ~ In response to~ ; In reply to~ [ ]

~ / ~ / ~ When starting~ ; When doing~ [ - ] ~

~ / ~ / ~ Before ~ ; Right before~

[ ]

~ / ~ With~ ; Following~ ; As~ (when one the changes so does the other) [ -- ] ~ ~

~ / ~ / ~

For~ (from the position of) [ ]


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~

Although ; Even though [ ] [ ]don't use [ ]

~ / ~ / ~ ( ) A Even if~

[ ] [ ]don't use [ ]. [~ ]can be used.

B Whenever~ [ ] [ ] -

~ Merely~ ; Only~ ; Just~ ; Be (do) nothing but~ [ - - / - ]

~ / ~ / ~ / ~ In accordance with~ [ ]

~ It must be~ [ ] [ ] don't use [ ] In certificates the meaning becomes

~ / ~ ( ) / ~ / ~ As for ; To ; Toward; About ; same as [ ]

~ There is no doubt of~ [ ] [ ] don't use [ ]

~ ( ) / ~ / ~ / ~ About~ ; Concerning~ [ ]


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~ Because~ [ ] Slightly strong saying

~ / ~ ( ) / ~ A whenever~

[ - ]

At the end of the sentence, a verb showing ones feeling will come ~

B

Whether~or~ [ - - ] [ - - ] Contrasting words come before ~

~ / ~ As~ ; With~ (when one the changes so does the other) [ -- ] ~ ~

~ ( ) / ~ / ~ For~ ; To~ (a judgment or assessment will follow this expression) [ ]

~ / ~ / ~ As~ ; With~ (accompanying, following something) [ -- ]

With~ (happen at the same time) [ ]

~ / ~ / ~ / ~ Against~ ; Contrary to~ [ ]


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~ There is no doubt that~ [ ]

[ ]don't use [ ]. [~ ]can be used. To show a reason sometimes [ ]is added

~ However~ ; Though~ [ ]

[ ]don't use [ ] [~ ]can be used. -

~ / ~ / ~ / ~ On the basis of~ ~

[ ] -

~ / ~ / ~ / ~ [ ]

By~ (show the subject of an action)

By~ ; Because of~ (show a cause or reason)

By~ (Show a method or way)

By~ ; Depending on~ (show differences)

By~ ; Depending on~ (For a certain condition / occasion)

~ / ~ According to~ [ ]

~ / ~ / ~ / ~ Ranging from~ ; Covering~ ; Lasting~ ; Extending over~ [ ]


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~ ( ) / ~ ( ) / ~ / (~ ) ( ) / Without~ [ ] -

~ Do (ones best) till the end [ - ]

~ Not only~ but also ; Besides~ ; Moreover~ [ ] [ ]don't use [ ]. [~ ]can be used.

~ / ~ Owing to~ [ ]


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Grammar Patterns:

~ / ~ Not Only~ [ ] - does not use

~ Because of~ ; On account of~ (shows regret over the cause of some bad result)[ ] *( - )uses( - ) ; - is sometimes used

(~ ) / (~ ) Not only~ but also~ ; ~among other things [ ]

~ ( ) Irregardless of~ [ ]

~ ~ The more~the more~(as one goes up, so does the other) [ - ] [ - ]

[ - ] [ - ] [ - / ] [ - / ] [ - / ] [ - ]

~ / ~ Even~ ; Of course~ [ ] ~ is formal language

~ / ~ On one side~ ; On the other side~ [ ] [ ]don't use [ ]. [~ ]can be used.


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~ / ~ Should~ [ - ] becomes

~ Shouldnt~ [ - ] becomes

(~ ) ( ) / Only~ ; just~ (there is no other way) [ - ] ~

~ / ~ / ~ To the extent (point) that~ [ - / - - - ] -

~ ~ Nothing is more~ than~ [ - ]

~ (as one thing changes, so does the other) [ - - - ]


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Grammar Patterns:

~ / ~ [ - ]

A Probably not~

B Will not~

Use ~ / ~ when subject is Third Person.

~ / ~ / ~ Suitable for~ [ ] -

~ / ~ / ~ Bound for~ ; Made for~ [ ] -

~ Regardless of~ [ ] indiscriminately; no matter where

~ ~ ~ / ~ ~ ~ Neither~or~ ; Both~and~ [ ] [ - - - ] [ ]

~ Because~ (give a reason to an explanation) [ ] sometimes conjugated with Used in conversations by women and children. ~ is more informal


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~ ( ) By no means~ ; Not~at all [ ] [ - ] uses [ - ] When spoken, or between friends ~ or ~ is used

~ Feel like~ [ ]

~ / ~ A show admiration ; grief ; a heart felt feeling

[ ]

B express something as common sense Same as A

C suggest something ; give a light command [ - ]

D remember a past happening or occurrence

[ ]

~ Because~ (give a reason(excuse) [ ] *( - )uses( - )

~ If~(wish for something unattainable ; tell someone it is impossible)

[ - ] Often used together with a "be possible" meaning verb. is used in conversations.

~ Though~ [ ] ~ is often used. Especially with nouns [ ]


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Grammar Patterns:

~ ~ ~And~among other things (etc) [ - - ] [ - - ]

~ / ~ No way to~ [ - ]

~ / ~ Like~

[ ]

So that~ [ - / - ]


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Grammar Patterns:

~ / ~ No reason for~ [ ]

~ [ ]

A state a reason why something is

B It means that - 9,500

~ / ~ It doesnt mean that~ [ ]

~ / ~ A Mustnt

[ - ]

B Must~ [ - - ]

( ) Although~ ; In spite of~ [ ]

~

~ / ~ ( ) Through~ ; By~ (something happens unexpectedly through a chance encounter) [ ]

~ / ~ ( ) Since~ (Because a thing happened, a big change has occurred) [ ] -


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~

Full of~ ; Loaded with~ [ ] - -

~ / ~ ( ) Be (at) the center of ~ ; Be the focus of~ [ ]

~ / ~ [ ]

A Throughout~

Via~ ; Through~

~ ~ / ~ ~ / ~ ~ As~ [ ] [ ] Nouns that show aim, postion, role, type,etc. come before

~ Regardless of~ [ ]

~ / ~ Not only~ but also~ ; ~among other things [ ]

~ / ~ Circulate~ ; around~ [ ]

~ / ~ Based on~ [ ]

Documents

Grammar Usage - JLPT N2