Grammar Review 1:Declensions and Agreement1. The Target Vocab

2. Declensions

3. Agreement

4. Exercises with answer key

1. The Target VocabObservations?

Nouns Adjectives Prepositions Pronouns Relatives etc. Interrogatives Numerals

Adverbs Negatives Interjections Conjunctions Verbs

1. What percentage of Target Vocab 1 was new to you?

3. What methods of learning did you find effective?

2. Were any of the categories or terminology unfamiliar?

4. How does the range of words help you to anticipate the themes or styles of the first Reading Exercise from Livy?

2. DeclensionsThings that decline

Nouns Adjectives Prepositions Pronouns Relatives etc. Interrogatives Numerals

Adverbs Negatives Interjections Conjunctions Verbs

(participles: verbal adjectives) (some infinitives, formed from participles) (gerundives: verbal adjectives) (gerunds: verbal nouns)

2. Declensions1st declension nouns

2. Declensions1st declension nouns

2. Declensions2nd declension nouns

2. Declensions2nd declension nouns

2. Declensions3rd declension nouns

2. Declensions3rd declension nouns

2. Declensions4th declension nouns

2. Declensions4th declension nouns

2. Declensions5th declension nouns

2. DeclensionsFifth declension nouns

2. DeclensionsAdjectives: 1st and 2nd declension

2. Declensions3rd declension adjectives

2. Declensions3rd declension adjectives cont.

2. DeclensionsParticiples (and some infinitives) decline, too

2. DeclensionsPronouns

2. DeclensionsPronouns

2. DeclensionsPronouns

2. DeclensionsPronouns

2. DeclensionsPronouns

3. AgreementNoun and adjective (and pronoun)

1. haec nova et ingens rēs

3. AgreementNoun and participle

1. uxor appellans

2. rex, īrātus et perturbātus

3. hīs puerīs expositīs et moritūrīs

3. AgreementNoun and appositional noun (in case)

1. bellum, rēs pessima

2. Marcō, decimō sacerdōtī

3. AgreementSubject and subject-predicate

1. fīlius meus rex est

2. fīlius meus rex factus est

3. fīlius rex dīcitur (esse)

4. hoc oppidum māter mea est

3. AgreementAccusative and accusative-predicate

1. fīlium meum rēgem fēcērunt

2. hoc oppidum mātrem meam esse (habeō)

3. fīlium meum regnātūrum esse (dīcunt)

3. AgreementRelative and antecedent (in number and gender only)

1. frāter, quem effugimus, appellat.

2. mātrem videō, quae puerōs exposuit.

3. illa scelera fēcistī, quibus bellum factum est.

4. ExercisesIdentify the form

SINGLE WORD PHRASE

1a. bellum2a. terra3a. sceleribus4a. rēs5a. proeliō6a. Multī7a. aliī8a. pulsō9a. appellantī10a. hōc

1b. ingens bellum2b. ō terra3b. multīs sceleribus4b. rēs novās5b. et proeliō et mortī6b. multī sunt7b. aliī montī8b. pulsō rēge9b. appellantī mātrī10b. hōc nōmine

Answer key: next

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4. ExercisesIdentify the form

SINGLE WORD PHRASE

1a. bellum nom./acc. sg.2a. terra nom./voc. sg.3a. sceleribus dat./abl. pl.4a. rēs nom. sg./nom. pl./acc. pl.5a. proeliō dat./abl. sg.6a. multī gen. sg. m./gen. sg. n./nom. pl. m.7a. aliī dat. sg. m. f. n./nom. pl. m.8a. pulsō dat. sg./abl. sg. both m. or n.9a. appellantī dat. sg. m./f./n.10a. hōc abl. sg. m./n.

1b. ingens bellum m./acc. sg.2b. ō terra voc. sg.3b. multīs sceleribus dat./abl. pl.4b. rēs novās acc. pl.5b. et proeliō et mortī dat. sg.6b. multī sunt nom. pl.7b. aliī montī dat. sg. m.8b. pulsō rēge nom. sg. m.9b. appellantī mātrī dat. sg. f.10b. hōc nōmine abl. sg. n.

4. ExercisesFill in the blank

1. haec terr__ Trōia est.

2. hunc annum decim__ pācis esse dīcunt.

3. in illīs agr___ multī Trōiānī erant.

4. Rōmam nōn oppidum appellant, sed urb__.

5. sacerdōs ill__ puerōrum mātrī īrascitur.

6. Trōiānōs bellum factūr__ occīdunt.

7. fīliam suam, qu__ Lāvīnia appellatur, in mātrimōnium dedit.

Answer key: next

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4. ExercisesFill in the blank

1. haec terra Trōia est.

2. hunc annum decimum pācis esse dīcunt.

3. in illīs agrīs multī Trōiānī erant.

4. Rōmam nōn oppidum appellant, sed urbem.

5. sacerdōs ille puerōrum mātrī īrascitur. [or illōrum agreeing with puerōrum]

6. Trōiānōs bellum factūrum occīdunt. [or factūrī agreeing with subject]

7. fīliam suam, quae Lāvīnia appellatur, in mātrimōnium dedit.

4. Exercises (optional reading …)Spotting agreement in Livy 1.3–5

Pax ita conuenerat ut Etruscis Latinisque fluuius Albula, quem nunc Tiberim vocant, finis esset.

Silvius deinde regnat Ascani filius, casu quodam in siluis natus;

is Aeneam Silvium creat;

is deinde Latinum Silvium.

Ab eo coloniae aliquot deductae, “Prisci Latini” appellati.

Mansit Silviis postea omnibus cognomen, qui Albae regnarunt.

4. ExercisesSpotting agreement in Livy 1.3–5 9 (cont.)

Latino Alba ortus, Alba Atys, Atye Capys, Capye Capetus, Capeto Tiberinus, qui in traiectu Albulae amnis submersus celebre ad posteros nomen flumini dedit.

Agrippa inde Tiberini filius, post Agrippam Romulus Silvius a patre accepto imperio regnat.

Aventino fulmine ipse ictus regnum per manus tradidit.

Is sepultus in eo colle qui nunc pars Romanae est urbis, cognomen colli fecit.

Proca deinde regnat.

4. ExercisesSpotting agreement in Livy 1.3–5 9 (cont.)

Is Numitorem atque Amulium procreat, Numitori, qui stirpis maximus erat, regnum vetustum Silviae gentis legat.

Plus tamen vis potuit quam voluntas patris aut verecundia aetatis: pulso fratre Amulius regnat.

Addit sceleri scelus: stirpem fratris virilem interemit, fratris filiae Reae Silviae per speciem honoris cum Vestalem eam legisset perpetua virginitate spem partus adimit.

4. ExercisesSpotting agreement in Livy 1.3–5 9 (cont.)

Sed debebatur, ut opinor, fatis tantae origo urbis maximique secundum deorum opes imperii principium.

Vi compressa Vestalis cum geminum partum edidisset, seu ita rata seu quia deus auctor culpae honestior erat, Martem incertae stirpis patrem nuncupat.

Sed nec di nec homines aut ipsam aut stirpem a crudelitate regia vindicant: sacerdos vincta in custodiam datur, pueros in profluentem aquam mitti iubet. …

4. ExercisesSpotting agreement in Livy 1.3–5 9 (cont.)

Forte quadam divinitus super ripas Tiberis effusus lenibus stagnis nec adiri usquam ad iusti cursum poterat amnis …

Ita velut defuncti regis imperio in proxima alluuie ubi nunc ficus Ruminalis est—Romularem vocatam ferunt—pueros exponunt.

Vastae tum in his locis solitudines erant.

4. ExercisesSpotting agreement in Livy 1.3–5 9 (cont.)

Tenet fama cum fluitantem alveum, quo expositi erant pueri, tenuis in sicco aqua destituisset, lupam sitientem ex montibus qui circa sunt ad puerilem vagitum cursum flexisse;

eam submissas infantibus adeo mitem praebuisse mammas ut lingua lambentem pueros magister regii pecoris invenerit— Faustulo fuisse nomen ferunt—ab eo ad stabula Larentiae uxori educandos datos.

4. ExercisesSpotting agreement in Livy 1.3–5 9 (cont.)

Sunt qui Larentiam volgato corpore “lupam” inter pastores vocatam putent; inde locum fabulae ac miraculo datum.

Ita geniti itaque educati, cum primum adolevit aetas, nec in stabulis nec ad pecora segnes venando peragrare saltus.

Hinc robore corporibus animisque sumpto iam non feras tantum subsistere sed in latrones praeda onustos impetus facere pastoribusque rapta dividere et cum his crescente in dies grege iuvenum seria ac iocos celebrare.