GRAMMAR BUILDING

SENTENCES IN ENGLISH To make sentences, you are required to have some

ingredients or elements. They are: Nouns Pronouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs Articles

preposition

conjunctions

NOUNS-people or thingspeople Things

Doctor Table

Lawyer Cat

Girl Eraser

boy plate

pronounsI me Mine

you your Yours

He his Him

She her Hers

they Their Theirs

we our us

verbsVerb to be verb Verb+ing

Is/ was Tell- told Was talking

Are/were Speak-spoke Is running

Am Play-played Are building

Have Think-thought Were using

has Learn-learnt Had gone

ADJECTIVES- to describe nounsBig Handsome Tall

Small These Dark

Beautiful Those Fierce-looking

Green Kawasaki bike Striped

Old 100-year-old book

Windy

pious frilly stormy

ADVERB to describe verbsSlowly Beautifully Fast

Quickly Satisfactorily Noisily

Hard Softly

Gracefully Fiercely

Well Ferociously

badly sweetly

ARTICLES A means one A boy

An means one for the words that sounds like a, e, i, o, u

e.g an apple ,an elephant ,an ice cream, an orange, an umbrella

ARTICLE The- if used for one, means a specific thing

or person e. g: A boy is under the tree. The boy is crying. ( talking about the same boy)

The can also be used for plural The animals are tame.

Preposition To show position/ time/place On 10 December On the table

In December In Marang In the room

Other prepositions At – for specific place Of – parts of something Off Between Through Toward Before After

Conjunction Because So Therefore And Or But

HOW CONSTRUCT SENTENCES? A sentence contains a Subject and main

Verb.( and object) S + V + O OR S + V + complement

Ali (subject) cries (verb) The cow (subject) is grazing.(verb)

Some examples of complete sentences 1. Most birds fly. 2. Children love cartoons. 3. Flowers are lovely. 4. Roses have thorns on their stems 5. Plants need sunlight to grow.

Examples of commands 1. Sit! 2. Speak slowly. 3. Cut the cake now. 4. Be quiet! 5. Do not cross this line.

Examples of questions 1. Do you like English? 2. Does she speak Spanish? 3. Are you sick? 4. Is she coming? 5. Have you done your work? 6. Has she gone?

Let us identify the parts of the sentence 1. Children love cartoon. subject verb object (what or

who)

2. The children laugh and jump about. subject verb

3. The older inmates eat Article adjective subject verb

their meals in Object preposition

the dining hall slowly. Object adverb.

How do you construct sentences? Practise this: Subject Verb

I eat

She eats

They eat

He eats

We eat

Subject verb Object/noun

I eat chicken.

She eats rice

They eat bananas

He eats noodles

We eat soup.

subject verb adjective Object/noun

I eat spicy chicken

She eats chicken rice

They eat fried bananas

He eats curry noodles

We eat mutton soup

subject verb adjective object Complement- where

I eat spicy chicken in the restaurant

She eats chicken rice under the tree.

They eat fried bananas at the stall.

He eats curry noodles in the kitchen.

We eat mutton soup at Shahid’s house.

subject verb adjective object Complement-when

I eat spicy chicken today

She eats chicken rice on 28th June.

They eat fried bananas in the morning.

He eats curry noodles in the afternoon

We eat mutton soup during lunch

subject verb adjective object Complement-how (adverb)

I eat spicy chicken hungrily

She eats chicken rice quickly

They eat fried bananas greedily

He eats curry noodles slowly

We eat mutton soup carefully

Describe the picture This is a male cat. The cat likes to

eat fish. The cat sleeps on

my bed. It is very tame.

Describe the picture This is an eagle. It is a predator bird. It eats small animals. It has sharp beak.

Exercise 1 We spent a spectacular weekend at the

beach recently. We arrived at lunch-time on Friday and

checked into our two-roomed chalet, surrounded by colourful beds of daisies and

pertunias.

We walked bare-footed on the soft and white sand, and collected a few unique seashells. We stopped to inspect some tiny crabs hiding

in the sand. Soon, the calm sea began to swell as big waves began rushing towards the

shore.

We went into the cool water and swam to our hearts’ content.

Exercise 2- Identifying adjectives The Javari zone in Brazil covers huge areas

of jungle set aside by the government for tribal Indians.

About 1350 Indians from a handful of jungle tribes live in this evergreen rainforest.

They have little or no knowledge of the outside world and often face each other in violent warfare.

Our guide cups his hands and gives a melodious shout, “Eh-heh”.

A faint “Eh-heh” echoes his call through the thick trees.

Then at the top of a slope, we see about 20 naked, grim-faced Indians.

The women have painted their bodies red and the men grip war club.

Exercise 3 1. Mani looked aghast when he came face to

face with his parents at the cinema. 2. He was afraid to speak up in case he was

punished. 3. At night, the town was aflame / ablaze with

bright glittering lights. 4. Her grandmother was so sick that she was

unable to even eat.

5. The whole town comes alive during the festival season.

6. Cinderella sat alone at home, minding the kitchen.

7. When the baby is awake, she bawls at the top of her voice.

8. The tow cousins look alike in their identical dressing.

9. When we reached home, we found the door ajar.

10. A student who was smoking set the place ablaze/ aflame.

Exercise 6 1. The children waited half an hour for the ice

cream man. 2. The bank officer helped us fill out the

various forms to open an account. 3. The contractor built a stone wall around

the compound. 4. The boy used a pencil sharpener to

sharpen all his pencils.

5. Tom and his friends like to buy candy floss at the funfair.

6. The Greeks beat the Portuguese at the final soccer match.

7. Malathi’s husband lifted the food cover to see what dishes he was going to have for dinner.

8. He made a desperate call from the nearest telephone booth.

9. Mother bought the eggs from that chicken farm.

10.Mr. Lim suffered a heart attack and had to be hospitalised.

Exercise 7 2. bald- baldish head 3. blaze blazing fire 4. red reddish carpet 5. bubble bubbling stream 6. Switzerland Swiss chocolates 7. Portugal Portuguese team 8. match matching blouse