Grammar 1 – Part 1

Recall the sentences from Reading and Vocabulary and then Recall the sentences from Reading and Vocabulary and then fill in the blanks.fill in the blanks.

_____ it was performed in America, there was an _____ it was performed in America, there was an audience of 100,000 people.audience of 100,000 people.

____ he was very young, Mozart had a lot of ____ he was very young, Mozart had a lot of musical talent.musical talent.

_____ he was still a teenager, he was a big star._____ he was still a teenager, he was a big star.______ he grew older, he began to go deaf.______ he grew older, he began to go deaf.

WhenWhen

WhenWhen

WhileWhile

AsAs

Answers to Part 1: Answers to Part 1: A.A. 11B.B. 2 and 32 and 3C.C. 44

Grammar 1 – Part 2

First do Part 2 on your own, then check the answer First do Part 2 on your own, then check the answer with your partner.with your partner.

Answers to Part 2:Answers to Part 2:

1.1. bb2.2. dd3.3. cc4.4. aa

Grammar 1 – Part 3

Work in four. Make sentences similar to those in Part 2, Work in four. Make sentences similar to those in Part 2, using using when, by the time, while, aswhen, by the time, while, as..

Possible answers:•While he was a child, he lived in the countryside.•When he was young, he lived with his grandmother.•When he lived in Hunan Province, he collected folk songs and music.•While he lived in Hunan Province, he planted rice.•When he attended Central Conservatory of Music, he heard western music for the first time.

(补充 ) About adverbial clause of time

引导引导 Adverbial Clauses of TimeAdverbial Clauses of Time 的词语的词语 when, while, as, before, after, since, until,when, while, as, before, after, since, until,

as soon as, every time, each time, the as soon as, every time, each time, the

moment, by the time , immediately ,moment, by the time , immediately ,

the minute , the secondthe minute , the second……..

when

试比较：试比较：When it was performed in America, there was an When it was performed in America, there was an

audience of 100,000 people.audience of 100,000 people.

When I receive the letter, IWhen I receive the letter, I’’ll tell you.ll tell you.

分析：分析： whenwhen引导的从句表示主句的动作和从句的引导的从句表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作在主句之前发生。动作同时发生，或从句的动作在主句之前发生。

动作同时发生动作同时发生

从句的动作在主句之前发生从句的动作在主句之前发生

while

观察：观察：While they were doing homework, someone broke into While they were doing homework, someone broke into

the house.the house.

While he was still a teenager, he was a big star.While he was still a teenager, he was a big star.

分析：分析： whilewhile引导的从句表示“在引导的从句表示“在…………过程中”，过程中”，强调某一段时间内主句和从句的动作在同一时期发强调某一段时间内主句和从句的动作在同一时期发生。从句的动作表示较长时间，因此常用延续性动生。从句的动作表示较长时间，因此常用延续性动词。词。

Rewrite the sentences:

While he was walking in the street, he met Tim. While he was walking in the street, he met Tim.

Walking in the street, he met Tom.

While walking in the street, he met Tim.

as

试观察：1)As they were picking tea, the girls were singing

happily.

2) She sang as she worked.强调两个动作同时进行强调两个动作同时进行

两种情况一起发展变化两种情况一起发展变化

分析：分析： asas引导的从句表示“当引导的从句表示“当…………时；一边时；一边…………一一边边……”……”，主句和从句的动作同时发生，强调伴随。，主句和从句的动作同时发生，强调伴随。有时可译为“随着”。有时可译为“随着”。

其他：

It wonIt won’’t be long t be long beforebefore he finishes his writing. he finishes his writing.

AfterAfter he (had) finished his work, he left there. he (had) finished his work, he left there.

It is (has been) two years It is (has been) two years sincesince he came here. he came here.

He will not go to bed He will not go to bed until (till)until (till) his mother comes. his mother comes.

It is It is not untilnot until his mother comes home his mother comes home that that he will go to he will go to

bed.(bed.(强调结构）强调结构）

As soon asAs soon as she got home, she began to cook. she got home, she began to cook.

Every time/each timeEvery time/each time I catch a cold, I have pain in my I catch a cold, I have pain in my

back.back.

There was an applause There was an applause the moment (as soon as)the moment (as soon as) she she

appeared on the stage.appeared on the stage.

By the timeBy the time he arrived, the train had already gone. he arrived, the train had already gone.

GRAMMAR GRAMMAR 22

The past perfect tense

Grammar 2 – Part 1

Recall the sentences from the listening passage about Recall the sentences from the listening passage about the Beatles. the Beatles.

After they ___________(become) stars in their own After they ___________(become) stars in their own country, the Beatles toured the United States.country, the Beatles toured the United States.

Before they visited India, they ______________ Before they visited India, they ______________ (record) had recorded seven albums.(record) had recorded seven albums.

had becomehad become

had recordedhad recorded

Answers to Part 1:Answers to Part 1:

A.A.Becoming stars in their own country.Becoming stars in their own country.

B.B.Recording seven albums.Recording seven albums.

C.C.The past perfect tense.The past perfect tense.

Grammar 2 – Part 2

Discuss the questions in Part 2 in four. Then report Discuss the questions in Part 2 in four. Then report your answers to all.your answers to all.

Answer to Part 2:Answer to Part 2:A.A.1. (a) means that their music had already changed 1. (a) means that their music had already changed

by then. (b) means that it changed then. by then. (b) means that it changed then. 2. (a) means that they had already sold more 2. (a) means that they had already sold more

albums by then; (b)means that they sold more albums by then; (b)means that they sold more albums then.albums then.

B. Yes. In (a), the event happened before that time; B. Yes. In (a), the event happened before that time; in (b), the event happened at that time. in (b), the event happened at that time.

Grammar 2 – Part 3

Do it on your own. Then check the answer with your Do it on your own. Then check the answer with your partner. partner.

Answers to Part 3:Answers to Part 3:

1.1. joined, had playedjoined, had played

2.2. toured, had becometoured, had become

3.3. recorded, had recordedrecorded, had recorded

4.4. had recorded, split uphad recorded, split up

5.5. had split up, performedhad split up, performed

Grammar 2 – Part 4

Do it on your own. Then check the answer with your Do it on your own. Then check the answer with your partner. partner.

Answers to Part 4:Answers to Part 4:

1.1. arrived, had leftarrived, had left

2.2. arrived, had begunarrived, had begun

3.3. happened, had lefthappened, had left

4.4. made, had recordedmade, had recorded

More about the past perfect tense

试观察：试观察：After they had become stars in their own country, the After they had become stars in their own country, the

Beatles tour the United States.Beatles tour the United States.

We hadnWe hadn’’t seen each other since I left my hometown.t seen each other since I left my hometown.

分析：分析：1.1.过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生的或完成的动作。它表示“过去的过去”。生的或完成的动作。它表示“过去的过去”。

2.2.表示在过去某一时间之前已经开始并一直持续到表示在过去某一时间之前已经开始并一直持续到那时的动作或状态。那时的动作或状态。

Could you bring out time expressions or clauses often Could you bring out time expressions or clauses often used in past perfect tense sentences?used in past perfect tense sentences?

分析：过去完成时常与分析：过去完成时常与 by, for, before, sinceby, for, before, since 等介词等介词短语或由短语或由 after, before, since, when, by the timeafter, before, since, when, by the time 等引等引导的时间状语从句连用。导的时间状语从句连用。

Practice:Practice:By the end of last year, we ____________________.By the end of last year, we ____________________.They __________________ when we arrived.They __________________ when we arrived.

试比较：试比较：By the late 1960s, their music had changed completely.By the late 1960s, their music had changed completely.

In the late 1960s, their music changed completely.In the late 1960s, their music changed completely.

分析：分析：1.1.表示动作发生在“过去的过去”；表示动作发生在“过去的过去”；2.2.只表示动作发生在过去的某一点时间。只表示动作发生在过去的某一点时间。

1.他说他以前见过你。He said that he ______________ (see) you before.had seen

2. 到六点钟为止他们已经工作八小时了。By six o’clock they ______________(work) for eight hours.

had worked

By six o’clock they ____________ (work)for eight hours.

When I came to GZ , he _____________(be) there for a long time.

1. 到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。

2. 我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。

had worked

had been

3.到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了。

By the middle of last month we ______________(live) in Beijing for five years.

had lived

例如： 1. 她到家之前她的孩子已经睡着了。When she got home her children ____________(sleep).had slept

2. 在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。Before they arrived here the film _________ already ___________ (start).

had

1. After he ______________ (finish) his work he went 1. After he ______________ (finish) his work he went out.out.

had finishedhad finished

2. The children ran away after they ___________ 2. The children ran away after they ___________ (break) the window.(break) the window.

had brokenhad broken

3. I went to Tom’s house but he __________ (go) out.3. I went to Tom’s house but he __________ (go) out.had gonehad gone

4. Annie told me that his father ____________ ( go ) to 4. Annie told me that his father ____________ ( go ) to Paris and he ____________ ( come ) back in a few Paris and he ____________ ( come ) back in a few days.days.

had gonehad gonewould comewould come

5. My friend __________ (buy) the car two years 5. My friend __________ (buy) the car two years ago. He ________________ (buy) it for two years.ago. He ________________ (buy) it for two years.

boughtboughthas hadhas had

Complete these sentences with the verbs in brackets.

1.Before Ringo ______ (join) the Beatles, he ______ (play) drums in another band.

2.Before they ______ (tour) America, the Beatles ______ (become) stars in their own country.

3.Before they ______ (record)

Let It Be, the Beatles ______ (record) eleven other albums.

4.After they ______ (record) Let It Be, the band ______ (split up).

5.After the group ______ (split up), all the Beatles ______ (perform) as solo artists.

Complete these sentences with the verbs in brackets.

1.Unfortunately, he ______ at the show after I ______. (arrive) (leave)

2.By the time we ______ at the stadium, the band ______ playing. (arrive) (begin)

3.Fortunately, the power cut ______ after the fans ______ the stadium. (happen) (leave)

4.Before he ______ his latest album, he ______ some songs with Paul McCartney. (make) (record)

be known as

be known for

be known to

Galileo is known ____ his theory of falling objects ____ the world ____ a scientific pioneer.

强调句型的结构陈述句： It is +____that It is +____that (who)___(who)___

一般疑问句：

Is it +____that Is it +____that (who)__(who)________________

特殊疑问句：

疑问词疑问词 +is it +is it that_____________that_____________

It was with great joy___he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.

A.because B.which

C.since D.that

He is a man of few words. It is only after has had a few drinks ___ he can open up.

A.when B.as

C.that D.which

____ he will return to his native land.

A.It is long before that

B.It is before long that

C.It won’t be long before

D.It will be long before that

--You seem to have been impressed by his songs.

--Well, not exactly so. It was his way of singing rather than his voice ___ really impressed me.

A.that B.what

C.which D.it

She did quite well in her written papers; it was in the oral examination ___ she fell down.

A.who B.whom

C.that D.why

It is what you do rather than what you say ___ matters.

A.that B.what

C.which D.this

It wasn’t until nearly a month later ___I received the manager’s reply.

A.since B.when

C.as D.that

It was ___back home after the experiment.

A.not until midnight did he go

B.not until midnight that he went

C.until midnight that he didn’t go

D.until midnight when he didn’t go

Was it ___ it snowed last night that you didn’t come?

A.that B.because

C.why D.if

--___that he managed to get the information?

--Oh, a friend of his helped him.

A.Where was it

B.What was it

C.How was it D.Why was it

Why! I have nothing to confess. ___you want me to say?

A.What is it B.What it is

C.How is it D.How it is

I have already been honest and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter ___I’m talking to.

A.who is it B.who it is

C.it is who D.it is whom