PRESENT CONTINUOUS

PRESENT SIMPLE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

( GENERAL ACTION

TEMPORARY ACTION

I usually work a lot every day.

Today I am not working. I am resting.

He usually drinks tea in the morning.

This morning hes drinking coffee.

He always goes to work by bus.

Today he is going by car. A colleague is giving him a lift/ride.

She teaches English every year.

This year she is teaching French, too.

My teacher never smokes.

Why is he smoking now ?

We often go on a trip at weekends.

This weekend we are staying at home because it is raining.

They generally watch TV till late.

Tonight they are going to sleep early.

What do you do ? I teach English.

What are you doing ? Im swimming.

(INSTEAD OF FUTURE FOR

INSTEAD OF FUTURE FOR

OFFICIAL PROGRAMMES/SCHEDULESPERSONAL ARRANGEMENTSThe plane leaves tomorrow at 9 a.m.

I am meeting my friends tomorrow.

(INSTEAD OF PRESENT CONTINUOUSINSTEAD OF PRESENT SIMPLE

IN SPORTS COMMENTARIES TO EXPRESS IRRITATION

The player kicks the ball and scores.

You are always interrupting me !

(TO NARRATE THE PLOT OF FILMS / BOOKS / PLAYS

The main character enters the room, takes the letter on the table and puts it in his pocket.

The main character takes justice into his own hands. He finds evidence of his innocence and finally convinces his wife that ..

OBS: ONLY ACTIVITY VERBS CAN BE PUT IN THE CONTINUOUS TENSES.

ACTIVITY VERBSNON ACTIVITY VERBS

I am smelling the flowers.The flowers smell nice.

I am having a shower and then I am having dinner.I have a car. (= possess, own)

I am thinking of my children.I think my children are very clever.(=believe)

I am looking at the painting. (=watching)The painting looks very old. ( = seems )

I am tasting the food.The food tastes delicious.

I am seeing my friends tonight. (=meeting)He is old but he sees well for his age.

I am listening to music.Everybody hears I am listening to music.

I am touching the silk blouse to see how it feels.Silk feels smooth.

The shop assistant is weighing the box.The box weighs 2 kilos.

I am minding (=looking after, taking care of) my sisters children this week.I dont mind if you interrupt me.

I am expecting (=waiting for ) someone.We expect everything to be ready on time.

The famous actor is appearing (=playing, performing ) in a new play.He appears (=seems ) to be tired.

We are fitting (=installing ) a new tap.The shoes fit her perfectly. (=are the right size )

SPELLING AND PRONUNCIATION RULES :

-ING form

-verbs ending in e drop the e : come coming Exceptions : see, be agree, dye

-verbs ending in ie ( y + ing : lie lying

-one syllable verbs with short vowel double the final consonant : get - getting

-two syllable verbs with the accent on the last syllable double the final consonant :

admit admitting, permit permitting

-verbs ending in l double the final consonant in British English : travel travelling

(in American English only the two syllable verbs that have the accent on the last syllable double the final consonant : compel compelling )

-Present tense simple 3rd pers sg :

-after voiceless consonants [ k , p , f , ] the ending s is read [ s ] : cooks, thinks, speaks, stops, laughs

-after voiced consonants [ g , b , v , l , m , n ] and vowels the ending s is read [ z ] springs, jogs, robs, gives -

-after s, x, sh, z, ch, tch, ge, dge the ending es is read [ iz ] : watches, pushes, passes, relaxes, judges

-after consonant + y ( i + es [ z ] : try - tries

vowel + y ( y + s [ z ] : play - plays

-after o - es is pronounced [ z ] : go goes

TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH :

-Mergem la mare in fiecare an, dar vara aceasta mergem la munte pentru ca la mare e prea cald.

-Seara uneori citim pana tarziu, dar seara asta nu mai citim nimic deoarece suntem prea obositi.

-Imi plac prajiturile foarte mult, dar acum nu mai mananc prajituri pentru tin dieta.

-Cand mergemla Paris stam intotdeauna la hotel, dar vara aceasta stam la prietena mea.

-A: Ce faci?

-A: Ce faci?

B: Incerc sa rezolv problema.

B: Imi caut ochelarii. Nu stiu unde sunt.

A: Problema pare foarte grea.

A: Intotdeauna iti uiti ochelarii acasa.

-A: Ce faci la sfarsitul saptamanii? -A: Ce faci la sfarsit de saptamana?

B: Merg in excursie.

B : De obicei stau acasa.

-A: De cate ori pe saptamana aveti ora de engleza ? -A: Cat de des mergi la biserica?

B: Am ora de engleza de trei ori pe saptamana. B: Merg la biserica in fiecare duminica.

-A : Cate masini are seful tau ?

-A : De cate ori pe zi mananci ?

B : Cred ca acum are deja trei.

B : De doua ori. Imi iau micul dejun pe la 7 si pranzul pe la 4. Nu mananc niciodata seara.

-A: Ce flori iti plac cel mai mult?

-A: Cat costa acum o excursie in Anglia ?

B : Imi plac trandafirii si garoafele. B: Acum costa cu 20% mai mult decat anul trecut.

Write questions and short answers using present simple or present continuous :

You/ have/ dinner at the moment ?

You/ read/ a newspaper / every day ?

It / snow much in your country ?

You / usually / do / your homework on a word precessor ?

You / drink / coffee now ?

You / drink / coffee for breakfast every morning ?

You / work / at the moment ?

Children / eat lunch at school in your country ?

Use present simple to express permanent facts and present continuous to express temporary events :

-I (live)in Washington though I (stay)in London at the moment.

-The car isnt here today because Sheila (use)it. She generally (take) the bus but the drivers are on strike.

-We usually (stay) at home on Fridays but we (go )out tonight because we (celebrate). our anniversary.

-I (come)from Scotland though I (live) in London just now.

-I (stay)with my parents at the moment though I (have).my own flat.

-He (teach).in a language school though he (work)..in a factory now because the school is on holiday.

-I (study)..French at the moment though I (not speak).it very well yet.

Underline the correct form of the verbs in this ARTICLE :

Singer and songwriter James Sharp now has / is having a new hobby : golf. He has / is having lessons every day and spends / is spending so much time on the course that his girlfriend, actress and model Sophie Clarke, thinks / is thinking of taking up the sport as well so she can spend more time with him.

But what does he think / is he thinking about the rumours that he and Sophie plan / are planning to get married ? Every day I see / am seeing things written about me that arent true. One day they say / are saying we get married / are getting married and the next that I see / am seeing another woman. I just try / am just trying to ignore all of it.

Jamess new album comes / is coming out next month. The album includes/ is including a mixture of familiar and new musical styles and contains / is containing remixes of some old favourites. James doesnt care / is not caring about reviews. Its his fans that matter / are mattering to him most. However, if his fans expect something that sounds / is sounding like his last album, they may be disappointed. So is James worried ? Not at all. I need / am needing to grow as an artist and that means / is meaning taking risks. I hope / am hoping that never changes.Somehow, we dont think / are not thinking his fans will be disappointed.

Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence.

a) I haven't decided yet about whether to buy a new car or a second-hand one. But I think / am thinking about it.

b) All right, try to fix the television! But I hope/ I'm hoping you know what you do / you're doing.

c) Every year I visit/I'm visiting Britain to improve my English.

d) It's time we turned on the central heating. It gets/ It's getting colder every day.

e) Of course, you're Mary, aren't you! I recognise/I am recognising you now.

f) The film is very long. It lasts/It is lasting over four hours.

g) I can see from what you say that your mornings are very busy! But what do you do/are you doing in the afternoons?

h) I'm going to buy a new swimming costume. My old one doesn't fit/isn't fitting any more,

i) That must be the end of the first part of the performance. What happens/is happening now?

j) What's the matter? Why do you look/are you looking at me like that?a) What sort of work do you do/are you doing? b) I can't talk now. I cook/I'm cooking the dinner.

c) What shall we have? Do you like/Are you liking fish?

d) Can I borrow this typewriter? Or do you use/are you using it?

e) What do the people here do/are the people here doing in the evenings?

f) Follow that bus. Then you turn/are turning left.

g) A lot of people think that the Sun goes/is going around the Earth.

h) Excuse me, do you read/are you reading your newspaper? Could I borrow it?

i) Do you wait/Are you waiting for the bus to Newcastle?

j) Andy builds/is building his own house in the country.

Fill in the blanks with the right form of the verb in brackets to reconstruct this informal letter :

Dear Aunt Jean,

I (just write)to tell you how much I (appreciate) the money you sent me, and to tell you how I (get on). in my first term at university.

Actually I (really enjoy). myself! I (study).quite hard as well, but at the moment I (spend) a lot of time just making friends. I (still stay). with my friend Sue

and I (look for). somewhere of my own to live. Only a few of the first-year students (live).. in college here, and I (seem)... to be spending a lot of time travelling backwards and forwards. I (go).. to lectures every morning and most afternoons I (study) in the library. In fact I (write).. this letter instead of an essay !

I (think) I'll buy some new clothes with the money you sent. Everything (cost).. a lot here, and I (save).. to buy a winter coat. It (get) really cold here in the evenings. I now (know) .some other students and, generally speaking, we (have).. quite a good time socially! I (also learn). to drive. See you soon.

Katherine

Put each verb in brackets into either the present simple or the present continuous,

a) There's nobody here, and the door's locked. What (we do) ..do we do... now?

b) What (you look) at? (I wear).. the wrong clothes?

c) I (look after). Jack's dog this weekend. (you want)to take it for a walk?

d) Who (drive).. the Mercedes that's parked outside?

e) I (still have). a pain in my leg but it. (get) better.

f) Who (Sue dance) with? That's not her brother, is he?

g) Harry always (look).. untidy! He (wear) dirty jeans.

h) I (write) in reply to your advertisement in the Daily News. i) The plant I bought (not grow) very much even if I (water) ..it every day.

j) Which hotel (you usually stay) .in when you (come). here ?

A : I (think).about visiting Jane this afternoon.

B : I wouldnt bother. I (think)shes away on holiday.

A : Mr. Jones (have).a telephone message from his wife.

B : Can it wait ? He (have)a business meeting and I (not want) .to disturb him.

A : The police (still look for ).fingerprints.

B : It (look)as if they wont find anything.

A : I (love)..breathing cold, fresh air !

B : So do I. I (love)..every minute of this trip.

A : I (see)my boss about a pay rise this afternoon.

B : I (see). Thats why you (wear)a suit.A : Why (taste)..the soup?

B : It (taste).sweet.I think Ive put sugar instead of salt.

A : Why (you feel)the childs forehead ?

B : I think shes got temperature. She (feel)....rather hot.

A : John (be)a very rude person, you know.

B : I know. Sheila (also be) ..very rude these days.

A : It (look).as if its going to rain.

B : I know. I (look)..for my umbrella.

A : How much (your baby / weigh )..?

B: I dont know yet. The nurse (weigh)it at the moment.

PAST SIMPLE = past and finished action

ADVERBS : yesterday, last , ago

AFFIRMATIVENEGATIVEAFFIRMATIVE INTERROGATIVENEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

REGULAR VERBS verb + EDIRREGULAR VERBS 2nd formDID NOT / DIDNT + verb 1DID + subject + verb 1DID + subject + NOT + verb 1

DIDNT + subject + verb 1

SPELLING AND PRONUNCIATION RULES :-after voiceless consonants [ s, k , p , f , t( , ( ] the ending ed is pronounced [ t ] : blessed, promised, walked, talked, asked, looked, liked, thanked, stopped, helped, hoped, laughed, watched, touched, washed, pushed, brushed

-after voiced consonants [ z , g , b , v , ( , d( , l , m , n , r ] and vowels the ending ed is pronounced [ d ]

used, climbed, loved, breathed, judged, travelled, cleaned, ordered, judged, played, obeyed-after t and d the ending ed is pronounced [ id ]

protected, visited, comforted, invited, started, waited, painted, created, translated, repeated, defended, decided, commanded

-after consonant + y ( i + ed pronounced [ d ] : try tried, study studied, carry carried, beautify - beautified

vowel + y ( y + ed pronounced [ d ] : play played, bow bowed, pray prayed, obey - obeyed

-one syllable verbs with short vowel double the final consonant : stop stopped

-two syllable verbs with the accent on the last syllable double the final consonant : admit admitted, permit permitted,

prefer - preferred

-verbs ending in l double the final consonant in British English : travel travelled

(in American English only the two syllable verbs that have the accent on the last syllable double the final consonant : compel compelled)

ASKING QUESTIONS IN THE PRESENT SIMPLE AND PAST SIMPLE

(WHEN)

(WHERE)

(WHY) + auxiliary + subject + verb +.. ?

(HOW)

(WHAT)

WHO

WHAT + verb+ ..?

WHICH

(=subject)

Do you have a healthy lifestyle ?

When do you usually wake up ?

What do you usually have for lunch?

Where do you usually spend your holidays ?

What school subjects do you like most and why ?

What hobbies do you have ?

What clothes do you usually wear ?

How often do you do you take exercise ?

How often do you go on trips ?

How long did you watch TV yesterday ?What makes you laugh / relax ?

Who looks after your younger brothers .?

Who helps you with the homework ?

Who pays for your clothes / trips .. ?

Which teacher / colleague makes you laugh and why ?

Which teacher / colleague annoys you and why ?

Who gave you this book ?

What made you think that ?

Which student won the competition ?

WHAT/WHO + auxiliary + subject + verb +.PREPOSITION ?

What do you usually travel by ?

Who do you usually spend your free time with ?What country did you go to last year ?

Who did you speak with ?

A PLANE WAS HIJACKED. LUCKILY, THE POLICE SUCCEEDED IN SAVING THE HOSTAGES AND

ARRESTING THE TERRORISTS. YOU ARE A REPORTER INTERVIEWING THE POLICE OFFICER WHO

WAS IN CHARGE WITH THE OPERATION.

ASK THE POLICE OFFICER ABOUT :

the city where the plane took off Which city does.. come from ?

Where did.take off ?

the company to which the hijacked plane What company does. to ?

belongs Who the plane ?

the terrorists citizenship What country do...from ?

the person who hired them Who..them ?

Who dowork for ?

the weapons they made use Whatuse ?

the persons they contacted to communicate

their demands Who did..touch with ?

the things they demanded What did.for ?

the methods to which the police resorted

in order to save the hostages What methods did ?

(to resort to = a recurge la) What did.. ?

the way the authorities took care of the

released hostages How did.?

the number of policemen that were called How many ?

WHEN TO USE

PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE TO EXPRESS A FINISHED ACTION

PAST SIMPLE

( VERB + ED / 2ND FORM; DIDNT + VERB 1)

example : I WORKEDPRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

( HAVE / HAS + VERB + ED / 3RD FORM )

example : I HAVE WORKED

WHEN TIME IS PRECISELY MENTIONED

ADVERBS :

YESTERDAY

LAST (week/ month/ year)..

(a week / two days / three years)AGO

When did you visit England ?

I visited England last year / a year ago.

I visited England in 2002.

WHEN TIME IS NOT PRECISELY MENTIONED

ADVERBS : JUST, YET, ALREADY, LATELY, RECENTLY,

SO FAR, in / for / over the last/past months/weeks

: EVER, NEVER, OFTEN SOMETIMES,

FREQUENTLY, ALWAYS etc.

Have you ever been to England ?

Yes, I have already been there twice.

Yes, I have just returned from there.

Yes, I have often been there. / Yes, I have been there three times so far.Yes, I have travelled a lot lately.

No, I have never been there. / No, I havent been there yet.

No, I have not travelled abroad so far.

FINISHED PERIOD OF TIMEI didnt see Keith all morning. (Now its afternoon.)UNFINISHED PERIOD OF TIMEI havent seen Keith all morning. (Its still morning.)

WHEN TO USE

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

TO EXPRESS AN UNFINISHED ACTION

ADVERBS : HOW LONG, FOR, SINCE

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

( HAVE / HAS + VERB + ED / 3RD FORM )

example : I HAVE WORKEDPRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

( HAVE / HAS + BEEN + VERB + ING )

example : I HAVE BEEN WORKING

NON ACTIVITY VERBSHow long have you known your friend ?

I have known him for 10 years, since we finished highschool.

How long have you had a car ?

I have had a car for several months / since January / since I got a new job.ACTIVITY VERBSHow long have you been learning English ?

I have been learning English for 8 years / since I was in the 2nd grade.

How long have you been cooking ?

I have been cooking for an hour / since morning / since I came home from work.

TO EXPRESS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN

THE RESULT OF THE ACTION AND THE DURATION OF THE ACTION

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

ACCENT / EMPHASIS ON RESULTHow many cakes have you cooked so far ?

I have (already) cooked three cakes.

EMPHASIS ON DURATION / ACTIVITY

How long have you been cooking ?

I have been cooking for three hours, since 10 oclock.

(!!! PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS, AS ANY CONTINUOUS TENSE, IS USED ONLY WITH ACTIVITY VERBS)

OBS :WITH NO ADVERBS - EXPLAINING A PRESENT RESULT BUT FOCUSING ON THE ACTIVITYThis test is much better. Its clear you have been revising.

Hm, it smells so good! Have you been cooking ?

WITH THE ADVERBS lately AND recently EXPRESSING NEW DEVELOPMENTS WHICH MAY BE TEMPORARY

She has been spending a lot of time in the clubs lately. (She didnt use to do that in the past.)

UNDERLINE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS, CONSIDERING WHICH VERBS REFER TO A PAST AND FINISHED ACTION OR PERIOD OF TIME AND WHICH REFER TO AN UNFININSHED ACTION OR PERIOD OF TIME.

My father has been writing / has written / wrote historical novels since he was seventeen years old, but in his early years he has been having / has had / had little success. Throughout his twenties he has been working / has worked / worked as an English teacher during the day and has been spending / has spent / spent his free time writing. One day, in despair at receiving another publishers rejection slip, he has been throwing / has thrown / threw away the manuscript of his latest novel. However, my mother has been taking / has taken / took it out from the rubbish and soon afterwards it has been /was accepted for publication. The book has become / became an immediate blockbuster. It has been selling / has been sold / was sold in over ten thousand copies since then and they even have been making / have made / made a film after it two years ago. The film has been fascinating / has fascinated / fascinated viewers ever since its release and so, although it has cost / cost a small fortune to be made, its box office receipts have exceeded / exceeded all expectations.

You interviewed a FAMOUS BOXER but you have lost the tape. Luckily, you still have your notes to help you

RECONSTRUCT THE INTERVIEW. ( The first question and answer have been reconstructed for you) :REPORTER = R BOXER = B

R: ? ever sure of victory before match over Have you ever been sure of your victory before the end of the

match ?

B : sometimes, before final round Ive been sometimes, before the final round

R: ? when become famous

B: when 2o, when national champion .

R: ? boxing , how long ..

B: boxing for 10 years, since started high school .

R: ? ever, win millions for one fight .

B: yes, last year, fight American champion ..

R: ? get many letters from lady-admirers .

B: beginning not, lately more and more .

R: ? often go parties .

B: rarely, cant afford lose night sleep

R: ? when last fun, last party ..

B: fun 2 months ago, my brother 3o years old, party

R: ? ever, take drugs or stimulants ..

B: never, because lead healthy life, train every day .

So far, my victories due to work not dope

R: ? when intend give up boxing ..

B: when win World Championship three times .

Look at the answers and then ask questions in the present perfect or past simple :

How long / Sarah / live / in France ?............................................................................. Since 2002.

When / John / start / his new job ?.................................................................................. 3 weeks ago.

When / the last time / you / have / a holiday ? .. Last year.

How long / Jill / have / a house ?................................................................................... Since January.

What time / you / finish / work ? .. At 10 oclock.

How long / you / watch TV / last night ?........................................................................ All evening.

How long / you / watch TV ? .. For 2 hours.

When / Chris / go out ? .. Ten minutes ago.

Underline the correct form of the verbs :-I can't believe it, Inspector. You mean that Smith stole/has stolen/has been stealing money from the till all this time!

-You three boys look very guilty! What did you do/have you done/have you been doing since I left/have left the room?

-It's a long time since I saw/have seen/have been seeing your brother Paul. What did he do/has he done/has he been doing lately?

-I can't believe that you ate/have eaten/have been eating three pizzas already! I only brought/have only brought them in fifteen minutes ago!

-Don't forget that you didn't see/haven't seen Mrs Dawson. She has waited/has been waiting outside since 10.30.

-What did you think/have you thought of Brighton? Did you stay/Have you stayed there long?

-How long did you have/have you had/have you been having driving lessons? And did you take/have you taken/have you been taking your test yet?

-How long did you have/have you had/have you been having driving lessons before getting your driving licence ?

-The price of petrol has risen/has been rising by 15% over the past year.

-No wonder you are overweight! You have eaten/You have been eating chocolates all day long!

-I've read/I've been reading a really good book this morning.

-Doesn't this room look better? I've put/I've been putting some posters up on the walls.

-Don't forget your pills today. Have you taken them/Have you been taking them?-Who has worn/has been wearing my scarf?-I think there's something wrong with your motorbike. It's made/It's been making some very funny noises.

-Jack has asked/has been asking for a pay-rise three times this year.

-I've been phoning/I've phoned Ann all evening, but there's no reply.

-Did you see/Have you seen my bag anywhere? I can't find it.

-Larry wrote/has been writing/has written his novel for the last two years.

-From the minute he got up this morning Gary asked/has asked/has been asking silly questions!

-Have you given/Did you give Helen my message when you have seen/saw her?

-The police think that they found/have found your wallet, so call this number.

-Did you two meet/Have you two met before? Eric, this is Amanda.

-Did you meet/Have you met anyone interesting at the reception yesterday ?

Put the verbs in brackets in the right tense :

Reporter = A Dr. Hitchen = B

A: Were lucky to have Dr. Hitchen with us today. Good morning Dr. Hitchen.

B: Good morning Jerry.

A: How long (you / study )..ancient history ?

B: Since I (come)...at the university, for about 10 years.

A: I (hear).you (just/ publish) .. a new book about Alexander the Great. (you / write )..any other books ?

A: Yes, I (write).a book about slaves in ancient Athens and two books about art in ancient times.

A: (you / actually / travel) .to the places you (write ).about ?

B: Yes, of course. Last year I (go)on an extensive tour basically I (cover) the route which Alexander the Great (take)... on his first campaign. Next year I (go).. on a trip to Iran. Im very excited about it. I (always / want ) to visit Iran. I (plan). this trip for years.

A: But you ( recently / take up )a position at the University of Central Lancashire.

B: Yes, the History Department. Luckily, they (already / agree) to give me some time off for my trip to Iran. I (not start).. teaching yet. I (start)..at the beginning of the new academic year.

A: Thank you for coming to our show.

PUT THE VERBS IN THE BRACKETS IN THE RIGHT TENSE.

A : Good morning. I am from Romania Abroad magazine and I (write) an article on famous people visiting our country. Would you mind answering some questions?

B: Not at all. I gladly (answer)..all journalists questions.

A: How many times (visit)..you ..Romania ?

B: I (never be)..to Romania before. In fact this is the first time I (ever travel)..to Europe.

A: (like).you .Romania ?

B: I (love)it. I (never see)such beautiful landscapes and I (never meet)such friendly and hospitable people.

A: (taste)...you.Romanian food yet ?

B: I (eat).nothing else since I (come).. here. Its absolutely delicious. I think that

I (even put on).some weight. That is a bit annoying because I (try)... really hard to keep a diet. Anyway, since the moment I (taste) Romanian food for the fist time, I (not able). to stop eating it.

A: Really?! Im glad to hear that.

B: Youre glad to hear that I (put on)..weight ?!!!!!

A: Oh, no, of course not. What I (mean).to say is that Im glad to hear you (like)..Romanian food so much. But you really (not look)... fat. How long (be)..here in Romania?

B: I (be).here for a week and I (stay).. till the end of the month.

A: And now some questions about your career. (play)...you... in many films so far?

B: I (play)in more than 20 films.

A: How long (act).you?

B: Is this a way of asking how old I (be)..?

A: Absolutely not. Which (be)..the film that (make) ..you famous?

B: Obviously the first. It was a huge success. In fact it was more successful than I (expect)

A: (receive)..you..a lot of letters from your fans?

B: I (receive)from five to ten letters a week. I (not be)..... able to answer all of them.

A: (consider)youmaking any films here in Romania?

B: Actually I (meet)....some famous Romanian directors this weekend. I hope they (bring)... some scripts worth reading. I (read)... some very silly scripts lately.

A: Thank you for the interview, enjoy your stay here and good luck.

Put the verbs in the correct present tense and add the corresponding beginnings and endings to the following fragments from informal and formal letters :

You'll never guess where I (write).. from. I (sit)................................... on a bench on the shore of Lake Windermere. The air (smell)............................ wonderful- so clean and fresh. I (stay) .here for nearly a week now and I(expect) . Ill stay for one more, as I (begin) to fall in love with the place. Every morning I (get up).. at 7 o'clock and (go) ...for a swim in the lake before breakfast. The owner of the hotel (just/tell)... me that I can borrow his boat for the afternoon. This holiday (become).. better and better as the days go by. Well, I think I(write).enough. I (sit)... here for half an hour and now it's time for my boat trip.

I (write).. on behalf of Midfield School. Every year, our students (choose) .. a project on an environmental problem. Then, they (work) to raise money to help solve this problem. We (recently/see) your advertisements about protecting dolphins, so, for the last few weeks, we (try) to learn about the dolphinsthat (live) in the sea near here. We (already/be).. on two boat trips and we (persuade).. local fishermen to change their fishing nets because the ones they (use) at the moment can trap dolphins. Could you please send the children some World Wildlife Fund posters to add to the work that they (do). so far?REPHRASE USING THE WORD IN THE BRACKETS

AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE :

TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH :

Ed first moved to London ten years ago. ( been )

Edfor ten years.

We last saw him a month ago. (for)

We....month.

We last saw him when he came to Paris. (since)

We..Paris.

He has not shaved for three days. (last)

It..shaved.

He hasnt finished his homework yet. (still)

He..homework.

The last time I met him was when I went to London. (since)

I..London.

How long have you been working here ? (working)

When ...here ?

When did you buy this car ? (ago)

How....car ?

He has never driven a car before. (first)

This.....a car.

I am still reading this book. (reading)

I..yet.

The last time I went to Brussels was two years ago. ( been )

I years.

Ive never heard such a silly story. ( the )

This . heard.

How long ago did they move into their house ? ( moved )

How.....house ?

Mary spent an hour doing her hair for the party. (do)

It.for the party.

She is the cleverest person I have ever met. ( never )

I ..person.

When did you buy that suit ? ( bought )

Howthat suit ?

I last read a detective novel when I was a child. (since )

I..child.

They last wrote to us a year ago. (for)

They....year.

I last read a detective novel when I was a child. (since )

I...child

He has not done any work for three months. (last)

It....work.

They havent finished eating yet. (still)

They.....eating.

The last time they made a trip to London was 5 years ago. (for)They...5 years.

Kate hasnt been to the cinema for five years. ( last )

The ..ago.

When did you hear from him ? ( since )

How ..him ?

Its been over a month since she last phoned me. ( for )

She ..month.

Shes never seen such a good film. ( the )

This ....seen.

Weve never been on an aeroplane before. ( first )

It .aeroplane.

They havent won a competition for five years. ( since )

It ..competition.

When did you last go to London ? ( time )

When ...London ?

He hasnt been to work for a week. (went)

The..ago.

Imi caut ochelarii de 10 minute dar nc nu i-am gsit.

.

Inv engleza de cinci ani dar nc nu am citit nici o carte n englez.

..

De azi diminea ncerc s repar maina dar nu am reuit nc.

Elevii scriu testul de o jumtate de or i nc nu l-au terminat.

Il cunosc de foarte mult timp dar nu l-am vzut niciodat aa de impresionat.

Lucrez la aceast companie de mult timp dar nu l-am vzut pe director niciodat pn acum.

.

Locuiesc n aceast cladire de mai multi ani dar nu mi cunosc nc toi vecinii.

.

Copiii s-au uitat la televizor toat dup-amiaza i nc nu s-au plictisit.

Prietenul meu scrie poezii nc din copilrie dar pn acum nu i-a publicat nici o carte.

Nu l-am ntlnit de cnd s-a cstorit.

..

Nu i-am mai scris de cnd m-am mutat n alt ora.

De cnd a devenit director nu mai e aa de amabil cu prietenii lui.

..

Nu s-a schimbat deloc de cnd l-am vzut ultima oar.

N-am mai vorbit englez de cnd am terminat liceul..

.

De cnd s-a angajat la aceast companie muncete foarte mult.

.

A devenit foarte cunoscut de cnd a ctigat premiul.

..

De cnd s-a pensionat cltorete n toat lumea.

.

Nu a mai scris nimic de cnd i-a publicat ultima carte.

..

De cnd i-a luat calculator a devenit dependent de el.

Cnd ai fost la film ultima oar ?

Ct timp te-ai uitat la televizor ieri sear ?

.

De azi diminea ncerc s repar aceast maina dar nu am reuit nc dei am reparat nenumrate maini pn acum.

De ct timp joci n echipa colii ?

Ct timp ai jucat n echipa colii ?

..

ntotdeauna vorbeti aa de frumos sau acum vorbeti frumos ca s m impresionezi?

.

REFE-

RENCE

POINT

IN THE

PASTPAST SIMPLE

action that happened at

a certain time in

the past (=past and finished action)PAST

CONTINUOUS

action going on

at a certain time

in the past

(= action in progress

in the past)PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

action finished BEFORE a certain time in the past

PAST PERFECT

CONTINUOUS

action begun BEFORE

and going on UP TO

a certain time in the past

exampleI WORKEDI WAS WORKINGI HAD WORKEDI HAD BEEN WORKING

Yesterday

at 8 oclock I came home.

Yesterday

at 8 oclockwhen I came home,my father was readingthe newspaper.

Yesterday

at 8 oclockwhen I came home,my father was readingthe newspaper and my mother

had already cooked dinner.

Yesterday

at 8 oclockwhen I came home,my father was reading

the newspaper,my mother

had already cooked dinnerand my brother

had been watching TV for 2 hours.

Yesterday

at 8 oclockSEQUENCE OF PAST EVENTS (PAST ACTIONS THAT HAPPENED ONE AFTER THE OTHER)

I came home,

I went into my room, I opened the window, I turned on the TV and sat comfortably in my armchair.

When I was a childHABITUAL / REPEATED ACTION IN THE PAST

When I was a child we went to the seaside every summer.

(= When I was a child we used to go to the seaside every summer.)

WHEN TO USE PAST SIMPLE AND WHEN TO USE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

PAST SIMPLEPAST PERFECT SIMPLE

When the phone rang, he left.When the phone rang, he had left.

First the phone rang and then (= after that ) he left.

=> past actions that happened one after the otherHe had left before the phone rang.

=> the action of the past perfect happened before the past simple

Put the verbs in the brackets in the past simple or past perfect simple or continuous :

-By the time he (come).. to the party, all the important guests (go ) .

-He (live)..in England for 10 years before he (get)... the citizenship.

-He (live).in England between 1800 and 1830.

-He (join)..the people who (be).on strike for a week only after he made sure that their demands were justified.

-When Columbus (reach)..America he (think).he (discover). India.-He (read)for 2 hours when we (call).him.-We (not see) Peter in the States. He (go) ..to Greece three days before our arrival.

-Because they (have).a party the night before, they (not come).with us yesterday.

-John (sit)in the lobby for 2 hours when I (arrive).

- How long (wait).you ..for him when you last (visit).him?

-I (often spend)...my holidays at the seaside when I was young.

READ THREE ACCOUNTS OF UFO SIGHTINGS. PUT THE VERBS IN THE BRACKETS IN THE RIGHT PAST TENSE.

FIRST ACCOUNT I (work)... with my brother in the barn. At about 1 : 50 A.M. we (see).

a bright light outside over the cornfield. At first we (think).. it was a helicopter, but it (not make) any noise and it was round. It had lots of red lights under it. We (go).outside and (stand) ..under a tree at the edge of the field. The UFO(come). directly towards us and (stop)above a tree.

We were terrified, so we (run).. back to the barn. When we (look).. round,

the UFO (fly) ..after us. A few minutes later, it (disappear) .. behind the mountains.

SECOND ACCOUNT I (drive). home with my husband after a trip to the cinema.at about 9:30. Suddenly we (see). a large object with three red lights over the road ahead of us. We (think) maybe it was a plane, but it was mushroom - shaped and it (stop)above a car about a hundred metres down the road. A large white circle of light (appear)below it and we (see) that the door of the car (be) open and the driver (go).. It was really beautiful. So we (sit).. quietly in the car and (watch). it. It (stay).. there for about 40 minutes, then it (go)up and it (move) away very, very fast.

THIRD ACCOUNT I (sit).. at my desk by the window, I (do) my homework, it was about nine and I (see) this thing. First I (see).. four green lights,

then they (turn).. red and finally white. At first I (think). it was a plane because it was longish like a cigar but then it (come) close and I (see) it (not have) any wings. After a bit, it (move) away again. I (go) to get my dad. When we (look) . out of the window, it (fly) away. It was really incredible. Were going to make an official report.

PUT THE VERBS IN THE BRACKETS IN THE RIGHT TENSE :

Last night I (be).alone at home. I (lie)..on my bed and I (watch)..TV when I (hear)a strange noise. The noise (come)..from the kitchen. I (go) downstairs, I (pick)..a heavy vase from the table and I (open).. the door very slowly. Then I (see). someone. He (search)... in the fridge. I (be) .so frightened that I (drop)..the vase that I (carry) .. and it (crash) on the floor. The man (turn)..towards the door and I (can) see his face. It (be).. my husband !

TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH :

Ascultam muzic de o or cnd vecinul meu a venit s-mi spun s nchid radioul.

.

Copilul meu nu a mai vzut animale slbatice pn ieri cnd

l-am dus la grdina zoologic.

Pe cnd a nceput ploaia, eu deja ajunsesem acas.

.

Aflasem deja adevrul nainte ca tu s mi-l spui.

..

Pe cnd a ajuns i el la petrecere, toi invitaii importani plecaser deja.

Lucra de 25 de ani n aceeai companie cnd a sosit vremea s se pensioneze.

Predam engleza de cinci ani cnd am venit la aceast coal.

Eram obosit pentru c lucrasem toat ziua.

Sunt obosit pentru c am lucrat toat ziua.

.

Era bucuros pentru c a reuit la examen.

.

Sunt bucuros pentru c am reuit la examen.

Citeam o carte cnd a sunat telefonul.

M plimbam n parc cnd l-am ntlnit.

.

Ce fcea profesorul n timp ce elevii scriau testul ?

Cine l-a ntrerupt pe director n timp ce vorbea ?

..

Cine a sunat la u n timp ce eu vorbeam la telefon ?

..

Cnd l-ai ntlnit ultima dat ?

De cnd s-a pensionat cltorete n toat lumea.

Era uimit pentru c nu mai vzuse aa ceva.

Este uimi pentru c nu a mai vzut aa ceva.

Nu m-a deranjat pentru c a vzut c lucram.

..

Intotdeauna plou aa de mult n aceast regiune ?

Ai mncat vreodat mncare italieneasc ?

.

N-am mncat niciodat mncare italieneasc nainte ca soacra mea s se mute la noi.

...

PUT THE VERBS IN THE BRACKETS IN THE RIGHT TENSE

Tina : What (do)...................................last weekend?

Jane : I (spend)............................the weekend in Bristol and I (just return).............................

Tina : I (never be )...............................to Bristol. What is it like ?

Jane : Some friends of mine (live).............................there for five years so they (know)............... some interesting places.

Tina : (enjoy)...................you..........................yourself ?

Jane : Yes, I ........... It (be)..................great ! I (not have)....................................such a great time for ages.

Tina : That's good. (decide).................you.........................what you (do)....................this weekend?

Jane : I (already invite)......................................my friends from Bristol to stay with me for the weekend.

John : I don't know where to go on holiday this year. Have you got any ideas ?

Tina : (ever be )..................you...................to Spain? I (go)........................to Madrid last year and I really (enjoy).........................myself.

John : I (spend)...........................two years in Spain while I (be)...............at University. I (never visit) ................................. South America, though.

Tina : A friend of mine (work).................................in Brazil before. I think you (meet)..................her once. (remember).............you......................Kate ?

John : Oh, yes, I ............ She (love)..............................it in Brazil. Maybe I (talk)......................... to her about it.

When Francis Lee was a boy, he (want).................to be an astronaut. He (watch)......................TV one day when he (see)...............................Neil Armstrong walk on the moon. Since then he (always dream) .......................................of doing the same. Every night when there is a full moon, he (stare)................ up at it for hours and (imagine)............................himself walking around on it. At the moment he (work) ..........................as a night watchman at a factory. He (do).....................................the same job since he (finish)............................ school fifteen years ago, but he (still hope)..................... that one day his dream (come).........................true. He (hear)........................that in the 21st century they (sell) ............................. tickets to fly to the moon. For this reason he (save)............................... half of his wages every month for the past two years.

Tom Wilson is an explorer. He (be)............................to nearly every country in the world, but the most exciting time he (ever have)......................... was when he(go).....................to the Congo jungle. A magazine (ask)................................him to retrace the route of a famous explorer who (disappear) ......................................in the 1920's. As he (follow)...............................a small river, he (get).............. separated from his guides. He (go on)........................alone, hoping he would find them, but instead he (encounter)...........................a group of natives. He (stay)........................ with them for several days and (find out)..........................that a very old woman (actually meet)...........................the famous explorer. She (know)...........................what (happen).................................to him. Tom (become)................. very friendly with the natives and now he (plan).............................to go back and see them again.

REPHRASE USING PAST PERFECT SIMPLE ACCORDING TO THE MODEL :

As soon as the shops opened, the customers rushed in. = Hardly / Barely / Scarcely had the shops opened when the customers rushed in.

No sooner had the shops opened than the customers rushed in.

When the match began, the rain started. ..

.

When I arrived home, mother finished cooking. dinner..

.

As soon as the teacher entered the classroom, the students stopped playing.

As soon as she saw him, she jumped for joy.

.

Norman collected the parcel and then he realized it was the wrong one. .

.

She took the pills and she immediately felt better..

...

Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence.

a) When you passed the town hall clock, did you notice/were you noticing what time it was?

b) Last night my neighbours were shouting/would shout for hours and I couldn't get to sleep.

c) When you lived in London, did you use to travel/were you travelling by bus?

d) Everyone was having a good time, although not many people danced/were dancing.

e) Jill was really hungry because she didn't eat / hadn't eaten all day.

f) Before we went to the theatre, we called in /had called in at George's cafe for a pizza.

g) It took a while for me to notice, but then I did. Everyone stared /was staring at me. What did I do / had I done wrong?

h) Nobody bothered to tell me that the school decided /had decided to have a special holiday on Friday.

i) I was trying/tried to get in touch with you all day yesterday. Where were you?

j) A: Excuse me, but this seat is mine. B: Please, forgive me, I didn't realise/hadn't realised that you were sitting/ sat here.Translate into English :Odata un birjar francez i-a jucat o festa bine cunoscutului scriitor Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, creatorul celebrului personaj Sherlock Holmes. Ajungind la un hotel din Paris, scriitorul i-a platit birjarului, iar acesta i-a spus : Multumesc, domnule Conan Doyle. Foarte uimit, Conan Doyle l-a intrebat pe birjar cum de ii stie numele. Birjarul i-a spus ca a citit in ziar cu o zi inainte ca scriitorul englez urma sa soseasca ziua urmatoare la Paris, venind din sudul Frantei. Birjarul i-a mai spus ca a observat ca clientul lui are o infatisare tipic englezeasca si o tunsoare care, cu siguranta, fusese facuta de un frizer din sudul Frantei. Uluit, Doyle ii spuse birjarului ca e un detectiv mai bun decit era el insusi. Apoi l-a mai intrebat ce alte amanunte l-au mai ajutat sa i descopere identitatea. Birjarul i-a raspuns ca, de fapt, exista un amanunt decisiv care l-a facut sa-si dea seama ca are de-a face cu cel mai celebru scriitor de romane politiste din lume. Doyle l-a rugat sa-i dezvaluie acest amanunt. Atunci birjarul ii spuse celebrului scriitor ca ceea ce l-a ajutat foarte mult a fost faptul ca numele acestuia era scris pe valiza.

MAIN CLAUSEIF CLAUSEEXAMPLE TRANSLATION

Irefers to a condition

in the FUTUREFUTURE

PRESENT

IMPERATIVE

IF + PRESENTI will go to the party

if they invite me. I am going only

if you go too.

Go if you like !

Voi merge la petrecere

dac ma vor invita.

M duc doar

dac mergi i tu.

Mergi dac vrei!

IIrefers to

a condition in the PRESENTPRESENT CONDITIONAL

WOULD + VB 1IF + PAST

vb+ed /

2nd form

didnt + vb 1I would go to the party

if they invited me.A merge la petrecere

dac m-ar invita.

IIIrefers to

a condition

in the PASTPAST CONDITIONAL

WOULD + HAVE +

+ VB+ED / 3RD FORMIF + PAST PERFECT

had + vb+ed /

3rd formI would have gone

to the party

if they had invited me.A fi mers la petrecere

dac m-ar fi invitat.

Underline the most suitable verb forms in each sentence.

a) If the machine stops / will stop, you press / will press this button.

b) I can't understand what he sees in her! If anyone treats /will treat/ treated me like that, I am /will be/ would be extremely angry!

c) If you help /helped me with this exercise, I will /would do the same for you one day.

d) According to the timetable, if the train leaves /left on time, we will /would arrive at 5.30.

e) If it is/ will be fine tomorrow, we go /will go to the coast.

f) If we find/found a taxi, we will get /would get there before the play starts.

g) It's quite simple really. If you take/ will take/ took these tablets every day, then you get/ wil lget/ got/ would get better..

h) I don't like this flat. I think I am/ I will be/ I'd be happier if I live/ will live /would live /lived in a house in the country.

i) I don't know how to play baseball, but I'm sure that if I will do / did, I play /willplay/ would play a lot better than you !

j) If I phone/ will phone/ phoned you tonight, are you /will you be /would you be in?

PUT THE VERBS IN THE BRACKETS IN THE RIGHT FORM :

- If I had a car, I (lend).it to you.

- If I (know)...him better, I (can)...tell you more about him.

- If his parents (spend)more time on his education when he was a child, he (not become) such a person.

- If you (tell)..the truth now, nobody (believe).you.

- If the actors (play)..better, the film (be).a success.

- She would have called you if she (need).your help.

-If you had tried, you (be)..successful.

-If you (tell)the truth then, nobody (believe)you.

-If you (help).me, I (finish).my work earlier.

-They would visit the exhibition if they (be).interested in art.

-If I (know)..you needed my help, I (come)

-If you (speak)..louder, people (can)hear you.

-Why didn't you phone? If I (know) you were coming, I (meet) you at the airport.

-If we (have) .some tools, we (be able).to repair the car, but we haven't got any with us.

-If you (not help). me, I (not pass).the exam.

-It's a beautiful house, and I (buy).. it if I (have).the money, but I can't afford it.

-If Mark (train).. harder, he (be)..a good runner.

-If Claire (listen) to her mother, she (not marry).David in the first place.

TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH :

El te-ar ajuta dac tu l-ai ruga.

Ea ar fi trimis scrisoarea dac nu ai fi oprit-o tu.

Dac ai ncepe s repari maina chiar acum, ai termina pn disear.

Dac apa ar fi fost mai cald, a fi notat i eu.

Ce decizie ai lua dac ai fi n locul directorului ?

..

Dac vei vorbi englezete, toi vor fi uimii.

Dac a fi neles totul, nu a mai fi cerut explicaii.

Dac nu a dori s te ajut, nu a fi acum aici.

Ce vei spune dac vi se va cere prerea ?

Dac i-a fi spus adevrul, m-ai fi crezut ?

..

Ce ai face dac ai fi n locul meu ?

.

Dac ai fi atent, ai nelege lecia.

.

Te-a fi ajutat dac m-ai fi rugat.

..

Voi merge n excursie dac vremea va fi frumoas.

.

Dac ai fi citit instruciunile, ai fi tiut cum s foloseti telefonul mobil.

..

Dac va nva mai bine, va lua note mai mari.

Ce ai fi fcut dac ai fi fost n locul meu ?

.

i-a fi dat cartea dac nu a fi avut nevoie de ea.

Te-ai duce la petrecere dac te-ar invita ?

.

Dac ai citi ziarele ai fi mai bine informat.

..

REPHRASE :

He didnt listen to his mother, so he married the wrong girl.

If.

He has to translate the text because I cannot speak German.

If

I have very little free time so I cant come and visit you.

If..

The lights were off, so I didnt notice the letters on the table.

If

They will not hire him if he doesnt get a driving licence.

UnlessYou cannot join the club if you dont pay a fee.

Unless

The streets were so crowded that I didnt get there in time.

If

The children do not pay attention to the teacher, this is why they do not understand the lesson.

If

The children did not pay attention to the teacher, that was why they did not understand the lesson.

If

He trusted her, so he let her look after her children.

If..

He is so clever that he can solve all the problems.

If

If you dont pay attention, you wont understand.

Unless

She learned very hard so she passed the exam.

If ..

I was in a hurry so I took a taxi.

If

I am in a hurry thats why I am taking a taxi.

If

I dont know his phone number so I cannot call him up.

IfIf you dont promise to take good care of this book, I wont lend it to you.

Unless

He is very tired thats why he isnt going to your party.

If ..

He didnt go to your party because he was tired.

If.

I went to England last year and I visited many beautiful castles.

If.

I sold the house because I moved to another town.

If

I am selling the house because I am moving to another town.

If.

He was tired because he had worked all day.

If

I said nothing, so she thought I was stupid.

If

He tells jokes all the time and his colleagues love him for that.

If

He is embarrassed because he is not properly dressed.

If.

He was embarrassed because he had forgotten her name.

If.

I have a lot of work to do and this is why I cannot come and visit you.

If.

Learn the lesson and you will get a good mark !

Unless.

We ran out of gas so we had to stop at a petrol station.

If.

She has a lot of talent this is why she is the leading actress.

If.

I was tired, so I went home early.

If

I didnt have enough money this was why I didnt take a taxi.

If

I wasnt interested in the film so I didnt go to the cinema.

If

I am not interested in the film, so I am not going to the cinema.

If

We took the wrong turning, that was why we arrived late.

If

You didnt run fast enough thats why you didnt come first.

You could

I made a silly joke but I did not know that she was the examiner.

If

He took French lessons, so his French has improved a lot.

If

His friends encouraged him to take up swimming and so he did.

He

TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH :

Nu am avut voie s vorbim.

..

A trebuit s stm o or ntreag fr s scoatem o vorb.

.

N-ar fi trebuit s venim la aa o conferin plictisitoare.

.

Cine ne-a invitat ar fi putut s ne previn.

S-ar putea s nu fi tiut nici ei.

.

Precis c au fost derutai de titlul promitor.

Vom merge la o petrecere unde va trebui s purtm rochii de sear.

Nu vom avea voie s intrm dac nu avem inut adecvat.

.

Nu e nevoie s mi cumpr o rochie nou. A putea purta rochia de la nunta surorii mele dei s-ar putea s mi fie deja strmt.

..

Precis c m-am mai ngrat de atunci.

N-ar fi trebuit s renun la leciile de aerobic.

.UNDERLINE THE CORRECT FORM :

I think you should / might / must have been right, although I am not absolutely sure.

May / Shall / Might I use your phone ?

Will / Shall / Would I make sandwiches for lunch ?

They mustnt / neednt / couldnt know. Its a secret.

They mustnt / neednt / couldnt know. All will be taken care of.

They neednt / didnt need / shouldnt have called. It was inappropriate.

They neednt / didnt need / shouldnt have called. It was not necessary.

He couldnt / mustnt / might not have done that. He is not so rude.

He couldnt / mustnt / might not have done that. We cant accuse him till we are sure.

Id rather / Id better / Id sooner stay here with you though Id prefer to be somewhere else.

a) There's someone at the door. It can/must be the postman.

b) Don't worry, you don't have to/mustn't pay now.

c) I think you had better/would better take a pullover with you.

d) Jones could/must be president if Smith has to resign.

e) I can't stay any longer. I have to/might go.

f) It was 5 o'clock an hour ago. Your watch can't/mustn't be right.

g) It's a school rule, all the pupils should/must wear a uniform.

h) I suppose that our team must/should win, but I'm not sure.

i) Let's tell Diana. She could/might not know.

j) In my opinion, the government might/should do something.

REPHRASE USING THE WORD IN BOLD :

I think you should give up smoking immediately. had I think you smoking immediately.

I expect we will get there by 5.00, if there isn't too much traffic. should We ..5.00, if there isn't too much traffic.

Is it necessary for me to bring my passport? have Do .my passport?

I am sure that the cat is in the house somewhere. be

The cat ..in the house somewhere.

An aerial is not required with this radio. have You don't an aerial with this radio.

It is very inconvenient if you can't drive. to It's very inconvenient if drive.

I am sure that John is not the thief. be

John .the thief.

All students should report to the main hall at 9.00. are All students .to the main hall at 9.00.

I thought that you would know better! ought You .better!

It wasn't necessary for me to go out after all. have I ........................................................................after all.

It was a mistake for you to buy that car. bought You ..that car.

I don't think that Sally enjoyed her holiday. have Sally enjoyed her holiday.

It's possible that Bill saw me. may Bill .me.

I'm sure that Karen was a beautiful baby. been Karen ..a beautiful baby.

Perhaps Alan didn't mean what he said. meant Alan ..what he said.

It's possible that I left my wallet at home. could I my wallet at home.

I think you were wrong to sell your bike. shouldn't You ..bike. COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE SO THAT IT CONTAINS MIGHT, MIGHT NOT, MUST, MUSTN'T, CAN OR CAN'T. MORE THAN ONE ANSWER MAY BE POSSIBLE.

a) Don't stand up in the boat! You fall in the river!

b) Sue says she's stuck in traffic and she. be late.

c) You .really start spending more time on your work.

d) Tell Peter he ...stay the night here if he wants to.

e) That's a really stupid idea! You .be serious, surely!

f) You realise it, but this is very important to me.

g) Don't be silly. You .expect me to believe you!

h) We're not sure but we ..go to Prague for Christmas this year.

i) Me learn to fly! You be joking!

j) Bill cooked the lunch, so you expect anything special!

REWRITE EACH SENTENCE SO THAT IT CONTAINS CAN, COULD, MUST, HAVE TO OR SHOULD (INCLUDING NEGATIVE FORMS)

a) I'm sure that Helen feels really happy.

............................................................................................. b) You're not allowed to park here.

..

c) It would be a good idea if Harry took a holiday.

d) I'm sure that Brenda isn't over thirty.

.

e) Do I need a different driving licence for a motorbike?

..

f) What would you advise me to do?

.

g) Mary knows how to stand on her head.

.

h) You needn't come with me if you don't want to.

..

i) It's possible for anyone to break into this house!

.

Rewrite each sentence so that it contains can't, might, must, should or needn't. I'm sure that David took your books by mistake.

.

It was a mistake to park outside the police station.

.

It was unnecessary for you to clean the floor.

I'm sure that Liz hasn't met Harry before.

.

Ann possibly hasn't left yet.

I'm sure they haven't eaten all the food. It's not possible!

Jack is supposed to have arrived half an hour ago.

Perhaps Pam and Tim decided not to come.

Complete each sentence by writing one word in each space. Contractions (can't)count as one word.

You ..have been here when Helen told the boss not to be so lazy! It was great!

Peter wasn't here then, so he .have stolen your vase.

I ..have bought that car, but I decided to look at a few others.

If you felt confused, you ..have given me a ring.

It's been more than a week! You ..have had some news by now!

Correct any errors in these sentences. Some sentences are correct.a) Surely you mustn't have forgotten already!.................................

b) Even Paul couldn't have foreseen what was coming next .............

c) Frances might not have understood what you said ..................

e) Harry may have won the match with a bit more effort ..................

f) You must have told me you had already eaten ..................

g) Look, there's 30 in my wallet. I shouldn't have gone to the bank after all.

h) You mustn't have been so unkind!

i) I couldn't have managed without you.

UNDERLINE THE CORRECT FORM

a) I don't think you could/should tell anyone yet.

b) I couldn't/shouldn't possibly leave without paying.

c) That mustn't/can't be the hotel Jane told us about.

d) There are times when the traffic here can/could be really heavy.

e) We are enjoying our holiday, though the weather could/must be better.

f) You couldn't/shouldn't really be sitting here.

g) You could/may be older than me, but that doesn't mean you're cleverer,

h) You might/should like to look over these papers if you have time.

i) No member of the association will /shall remove official documents.a) That can't have been/shouldn't have been Nick that you saw.

b) You must have given/might have given me a hand!

c) I caught a later train because I had to see/must have seen a client.

d) I suppose Bill should have found/might have found his keys.

e) I didn't refuse the cake, as it should have been/would have been rude.

f) I don't know who rang, but it could have been/must have been Jim.

h) I asked them to leave but they might not/wouldn't go.

i) Why didn't you ask ? I can't help/could have helped you.

j) It's your own fault, you can't have/shouldn't have come so late.

Choose the sentence A or B that is closest in meaning to the sentence given.

It's possible that we'll know the answers tomorrow.A We may know the answers tomorrow.

B We should know the answers tomorrow.

I don't think you should ring him now. It's rather late.A You might not ring him now. It's rather late.

B You'd better not ring him now. It's rather late.

You needn't come if you don't want to

A You won't come if you don't want to.

B You don't have to come if you don't want to.

I think it's wrong for you to work so hard.A You don't have to work so hard.

B You shouldn't work so hard.

Perhaps these are the keys.A These might be the keys.

B These must be the keys.It would be wrong for us to lock the cat in the house for a week.A We'd better not lock the cat in the house for a week.

B We can't lock the cat in the house for a week.Its possible that the decision will be announced next week.A The decision might be announced next week.

B The decision will be announced next week.Why don't we go out to eat instead?

A We must go out to eat instead.

B We could go out to eat instead.

TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH USING MODALS :

Precis c i repar maina chiar acum.

...

Poate c a i terminat deja.

Poate c el este persoana pe care o ateptm.

..

Nu se poate ca el s fie persoana pe care o ateptm.

Precis c nu e el persoana cu care trebuie s vorbim.

E imposibil ca el s fi auzit ceva. Glgia era prea mare.

S-ar putea ca profesorul s termine de corectat tezele pn mine.

.

S-ar putea ca profesorul s fi terminat deja de corectat testele...S-ar putea ca profesorul s corecteze testele chiar acum.Precis c scrisoarea a fost trimis deja.

Poate c scrisoarea a fost trimis mai trziu..Scrisoarea nu avea cum s fie trimis n aceeai zi.

Rewrite each sentence using CAN, CANT, MIGHT OR MUST

Sarah is really good at swimming.

Sarah very well.

Its possible that our team will win.

Our team win.

Im sure this isnt the right road.

This ..the right road.

Im sure you are working very hard.

Youvery hard.

Caroline isnt allowed to come to our party.

Caroline ..to our party.

Its possible that Ill see you tomorrow but Im not sure.

I .but Im not sure.

Im afraid that your teacher is unable to come today.

Im afraid that .today.

Im sure its very hot here in the summer.

It ..here in the summer.

Excuse me, is it all right if I open the window ?

Excuse me, .the window ?

I suppose youre Mrs. Perry. How do you do.

You..Mrs. Perry. How do you do.

Decide which pair of sentences have a similar meaning :

-Youd better go./You should go.

-You dont have to press this button. /You mustnt press this button.

-You should have a rest. / You ought to have a rest.

-You must be crazy ! / You should be crazy !

-You mustnt do that ! / You dont have to do that !

- You shouldnt eat so much. / You ought not to eat so much.

-We have to word harder. / We need to work harder.

-Id better write my letters. / I must write my letters.

-He may not be at work. / He cannot be at work.Rewrite each sentence so that it has a similar meaning and it contains the word in brackets :

It would be a good idea for you to see a doctor. (ought)

You.

Its not necessary for us to go to school tomorrow. (have)

We..

Im sure that isnt John, because he is in Paris. (be)

That..

Perhaps Ann is at home. (be)

Ann..

You ought to wear a warm coat today. (had)

You ..

Its possible that Ill be late. (may)

I.

Rewrite each sentence so that it does not contain the words in italics but a modal :If I were you, Id take more exercise.

..

You are not allowed to use a dictionary.

..

Its impossible for that to be her husband. Hes too old.

..

Its possible that Ill come to your party.

.

Its against the law to drop litter in the street.

Its not necessary for you to wait.

..

Youd better stay home today.

.

Translate into English using modals :Poate c Peter lucreaz acum la noul lui roman.

S-ar putea ca el s fi scris deja mai mult de jumtate din el.

E posibil ca s l i publice pn la sfritul anului.

Precis c e foarte nerbdtor s l termine.

Precis c scrie zi i noapte.

Precis c deja familia lui s-a sturat de programul lui de lucru

Probabil c familia lui va pleca n vacan fr el.

E imposibil ca cineva s fie aa de obsedat de munca lui.

Precis c familia lui i-a i spus de multe ori sa nu exagereze cu lucrul.

Poate c el nici nu i-a bgat n seam.

Precis c Peter nu i-a dat seama ct de mult i neglijeaz familia, altfel ar fi avut o alt atitudine.

Nu se poate ca el s-i neglijeze familia intenionat.

Dup ce i va termina romanul, poate c va petrece mai mult timp cu familia.

Poate c el muncete aa de mult ca s asigure un viitor strlucit copiilor lui.

S-ar putea totui ca ei s nu i fie recunosctori pentru asta.

S-ar putea ca ei s i aduc aminte mai trziu doar de momentele cnd tatl lor a fost prea ocupat pentru ca s se joace cu ei sau s vorbeasc cu ei.

Nu se poate ca Peter s fie aa de naiv nct s cread c poate face mai trziu ceea ce ar trebui s fac acum.

Mai bine i-ar alege o alt meserie.

Mai bine i-ar fi ales o at meserie de la nceput.

Ar fi trebuit s se mulumeasc cu o slujb obinuit.

N-ar fi fost nevoie s se fac scriitor pentru a fi fericit.

Oricum, nu a fost nevoie ca prinii lui s l sftuiasc ce meserie s-i aleag, deoarece el se hotrse deja s devin scriitor fr s i ntrebe..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

CIRCLE THE PAIR OF SENTENCES WITH A SIMILAR MEANING:

a) -You mustnt park on the main road.

-You arent allowed to park on the main road.

b)- You should have bought the car before the price went up.

- You neednt have bought the car before the price went up.

c) -We couldnt get a ticket for the early flight.

-We werent able to get a ticket for the early flight.

d) -We neednt have called the police.

-We didnt need to call the police.

e) -The neighbours must have seen something.

-The neighbours had to see something.

f) -You mustnt drive over eighty miles an hour.

-You dont have to drive over 80 miles an hour.

g) -We werent used to dealing with such people.

-We werent accustomed to dealing with such people.

h) -We would talk late into the night.

-We used to talk late into the night.

i) They ought to reconsider.

-They should reconsider.

j) They should revise the lessons.

They ought to revise the lessons.a) You mustnt speak loud in the reading room.

You may not speak loud in the reading room.

b) He must have taken the book.

He had to take the book.

c) You must read.

You have to read.

d) You neednt read the letter.

You mustnt read the letter.

e) He neednt have come.

He didnt have to come.

f) Hed better choose himself.

Hed rather choose himself.

g) He might not have understood.

He couldnt have understood.

h) Students must return the books in due time.

Students should return the books in due time.

i) Students must return the books in due time.

Students are to return the books in due time.

j) You mustnt do that.

You dont have to do that

REPHRASE USING MODALS :

John prefers not to say a word.

He.....................................................................................

Perhaps Tom is watching TV.

Tom...................................................................................

Perhaps they were right.

They..................................................................................

It is advisable for young people to practise sports.

Young people ..................................................................

Your cruelty to her was completely unnecessary.

You....................................................................................

Im sure he sent the message by fax.

He......................................................................................

I think the best solution is to act not to wait

We....................................................................................

I am sure he didnt steal that car.

He.

I am sure he is not of age.

He

I am sure he is not working now.

He

Maybe he is having his house redecorated.

He .

It is absolutely necessary that we go there.

We

Its impossible for that girl to be Sue as I know shes abroad.

That

Emma was wrong not to tell you the answer.

Emma...Im sure Diana didnt take your books.

Diana...

It was typical of Tom to put things in the wrong places.

Tom.

Perhaps he did not see you.

He. ..

They used to bring her flowers for her birthday.

They

It was wrong of you to say that.

You

Youre not allowed to park here.

You..

I expect the beach will be deserted. T

The beach

It would be all the same if we gave up now.

We

It is advisable for teachers to be diplomatic.

Teachers.

It is imperative (= absolutely necessary) for teachers to get a proper training.

Teachers

Perhaps the teachers will not go on strike.

Teachers ..

Im sure the teacher hasnt corrected the tests yet.

The teacher

Im sure the teacher is correcting the tests now.

The teacher

CIRCLE THE MOST SUITABLE RESPONSE TO EACH SENTENCE :

They had very poor results.

a) They must have studied harder.

b) They ought to have studied harder.

c) They had to study harder.

They are spending their holiday in Greece.

a) They must have a great time.

b) They must be having a great time.

c) They must have had a great time.

They might be late.

a) Theyd better hurry.

b) Theyd rather hurry.

c) Theyd sooner hurry. What shall I do ?

a) Youd better apologize.

b) Youd rather apologize.

c) Youd sooner apologize.

Dont speak now! The play has begun.

a) Youre right, Id better not.

b) Youre wrong, Id rather not.

c) Youre right. Id rather not.Its not possible that they finish the report by the end of the week.

a) They are very likely to finish the report.

b) They are very unlikely to finish the report.

c) They are not to finish the report.

He has great chances to win.

a) He must win.

b) He must be winning.

c) He is sure to win.

He thinks he is always right.

a) He must be very stubborn.

b) He might be very stubborn.

c) He should be very stubborn.

There is no doubt he has been told the news by now.

a) His colleagues must have told him.

b) His colleague had to tell him.

c) His colleague should have told him.

What do you think about the competition ?

a) The other competitor had to win.

b) The other competitor should have won.

c) The other competitor must have won.

SEQUENCE OF TENSES IN INDIRECT / REPORTED SPEECH IF THE VERB IN THE MAIN CLAUSE IS IN THE PAST

MAIN CLAUSESUBORDINATE CLAUSE EXAMPLETRANSLATION

PASTEXPRESSING AN ANTERIOR ACTION

(the action in the subordinate clause happened BEFORE the action in the main clause)

PAST PERFECT SIMPLEPAST PERFECT CONTINUOUSHe said he had read the book the week before.

He said he had been repairing the car for 2 hours.A spus ca a citit (=citise) cartea cu o saptamana in urma.

A spus ca repara masina de doua ore.

PAST

EXPRESSING A SIMULTANEOUS ACTION (the action in the subordinate clause happened AT THE SAME TIME as the action in the main clause)

PAST TENSE SIMPLEPAST TENSE CONTINUOUSHe said the man looked / seemed familiar.He said he was reading a book.A spus c brbatul

arat / pare (=arta / prea) cunoscut.A spus ca citeste(=citea) o carte.

PASTEXPRESSING A POSTERIOR ACTION

(the action in the subordinate clause happened AFTER the action in the main clause)

FUTURE IN THE PAST

(WOULD + VB 1)He promised he would help her.A promis ca o va ajuta.

Turn the following sentences into indirect speech :1 Were going to get married in June, she said.

.

Turn the sentences above into indirect speech using an appropriate introductory verb ( advise, invite, offer, promise, claim, refuse, remind, warn, apologise, insist, suggest, agree, announce, boast, admit )