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7/31/2019 Graduation Presentation Gijs Brit: Recognizing Synergetic Conditions for Cohabitation
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symbolic
functional
interactive
participatory
necessary
optional
social
+ ++
+
intervisibility
constituted
typology of places
connectivity
permeability
quality of housing/services
quality of semi public space
appropriation possibilities
symbolism of appropriation
street visibility
orientation entrances
visual permeability determines movementover-localized decreases integration
connectivity drives movement density ieuse
go-to places, go-through placesby-product spaces
Recognizing Synergetic Conditions or Cohabitation
Proposing an Alternative Method or Acknowledging Local Level
Potentialities into the Municipal Decision-Making Process
P5 Presentation | Department Urbanism | Faculty o ArchitectureTU Delt | 26th June 2010
Author | Gijs Brit | 4031024
Supervisors: Dr. D.A. Seplveda, Pro. H. Bekker ing
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Social Structure
Peri-urban areas (surrounding the city center):
- high density o inhabitants
low percentage o employment
low percentage o high income
Income
24.600
24.900
23.200
22.500
24.700
26.000
24.400
24.400
23.400
23.700
26.90025.800
23.600
28.900
25.900
27.60025.500
28.900
24.300
23.300
30.200
25.500
35.200
34.100
26.000
25.500
33.400
24.800
29.600
23.500
26.000
26.700
25.500
35.700
34.300
60.800
25.700
32.500
25.800
29.900
21.700
23.800
26.600
29.300
50.800
21.500
40.600
57.700
26.600
34.700
30.000
32.100
44.100
27.800
50.300
26.900
42.500
45.400
high low
income
19629
inw/km2
17520
inw/km2
14014
inw/km2
19038
inw/km2
17984
inw/km2
17204
inw/km217183
inw/km2
17194
inw/km2
17032
inw/km2
16902
16697
inw/km2
16336
inw/km2
16271
inw/km2
15740
inw/km2
15651
inw/km2
15398
inw/km214646
inw/km2
14212
inw/km2
12475
inw/km2
12475
inw/km2
12419
inw/km2
11764
inw/km2
10947
inw/km2
10295
inw/km2
9780inw/km2
9756
inw/km2
8698
inw/km2
8605
inw/km2
8375
inw/km2
7943
inw/km2
19629
inw/km2
7273
inw/km2
7042
inw/km2
6408
inw/km2
6001
inw/km2
7053
inw/km2
5503
inw/km2
5877
inw/km2
4661
inw/km2
4885
inw/km2
4819
inw/km2
4938
inw/km2
4656
inw/km2
4386
inw/km2
6163
inw/km2
4302
inw/km2
3806
inw/km2
3590
inw/km2
3369
inw/km2
2825
inw/km2
3254
inw/km2
4054
inw/km2
2533
inw/km2
2763
inw/km22451
inw/km2
1198
inw/km2
1827
inw/km2
Density inh./sq km
high low
density
Employment percentage (15 - 65 yr)
48%
57%
61%
55%
57%
76%
59%
54%
54%
71%
65%59%
62%
68%
61%
63%66%
69%
56%
50%
70%
62%
61%
70%
61%
64%
74%
63%
68%
72%
68%
59%
59%
79%
74%
68%
64%
82%
65%
58%
62%
66%
72%
75%
62%
71%
71%
78%
77%
68%
70%
68%
67%
75%
74%
79%
high low
employment
Project Aim Problem Field Theoretical Framework Method Test Case Oude Westen Recommendation
Rotterdam
Peri-urban area
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Built Structure
Peri-urban areas (surrounding the city center):
- high concentration o social housing
- high concentration o small residences
- vulnerable housing quality
Project Aim Problem Field Theoretical Framework Method Test Case Oude Westen Recommendation
ownership situation
housingassociation
privaterentowner occupied
dwelling surace
vulnerable housingstock
Rotterdam
ownership situation
dwelling surace vulnerable housing stock
Peri-urban area
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Urban Regeneration Approach
Attractive residential city:
balanced composition o the population
Strong economy:more employment opportunities
Through a gentrication strategy:
- diversication the housing stock
- diversication o population
Project Aim Problem Field Theoretical Framework Method Test Case Oude Westen Recommendation
gentrication peri-urban neighborhoods
large urban development areas
Rotterdam
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Gentrication: provides
- Improvement o quality (housing and
public space)
- Role model unction o auent residents
Project Aim Problem Field Theoretical Framework Method Test Case Oude Westen Recommendation
-
+
+ =
+
Regeneration Approach
+
Source: Atkinson, 2003
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Gentrication: runs the risk o
- Displacement o less auent
- Perieral pressure (displacing social issues)
- Efects displacement:
less job opportunitydecrease in mobility -> increase travel time
Project Aim Problem Field Theoretical Framework Method Test Case Oude Westen Recommendation
+
+
?
-
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Source: Kleinhans, 2003
Source: Atkinson, 2003
Regeneration Approach
displacement locations
employment opportuntieswithin 45 minpublic transport
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10/50Project Aim Problem Field Theoretical Framework Method Test Case Oude Westen Recommendation
Oude Westen
sloop/nieuwbouw
opknappen
renovatie/samenvoegen
binnenterreinen
energie/groot onderhoud
studie
wijkeconomie
Projecten in
het OudeWesten
2010-2018
W
Z
O
N
Masterplan Housing Association
- In 8 years time 650 o the 3100 social housing unitswill be redeveloped into 400 owner occupied dwellings
- 20% decrease in social housing 3100 -> 2450- 40% increase in owner occupied 650 -> 1050- - 3.5% total housing stock 4300 -> 4065
Present social housing
Urban Regeneration Vision Rotterdam
- Reduce social-economic issues
- Reduce poor housing quality
- Reduce poor spatial quality
Masterplan Housing Association Oude Westen
Through a social mixing strategy
- Diversication o population
- Diversication o building typology
- Reducing number o social housing
- Increase social cohesion
Masterplan housing association
Location Oude westen
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11/50Project Aim Problem Field Theoretical Framework Method Test Case Oude Westen Recommendation
Oude Westen
-
geographically larger social and spatialnetwork
mobility and activity pattern less limitedto local scale
geographically more locally bound
mobility and activity pattern limited byproximity
+
social spatial network
mobility ows
social spatial network
mobility ows
Source: Reijdorp, 2004
Urban Regeneration Vision Rotterdam
- Reduce social-economic issues
- Reduce poor housing quality
- Reduce poor spatial quality
Masterplan Housing Association Oude Westen
Through a social mixing strategy
- Diversication o population
- Diversication o building typology
- Reducing number o social housing
- Increase social cohesion
Focus on built orm and population ignoresdiferent user characteristics andimportance and potential o public space inrelation to cohesion.
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44
4
+
-
-
Socio-Spatial Fragmentation
The urban regeneration approach or central areas o the city
creates a distortion on the local neighborhood level o the Oude
Westen. A distortion that does not provide synergeticcohabitation conditions or dierent income groups.
Project Aim Problem Field Theoretical Framework Method Test Case Oude Westen Recommendation
problem denition
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14/50Project Aim Problem Field Theoretical Framework Method Test Case Oude Westen Recommendation
public space network
public spaceImportance and potential
public space network
potential o being part o anetwork providing conditionsor territorial cohesion
Mobility/accessibility/connectivity: Promoting the existingnetwork o ows.
Land uses/activities: Mixed uses with respect to the socio-economic dynamics
Social Dynamics: Public space promoting the activities o diferentsocial groups minimizing social exclusion and marginalization.
Comort/saety: Saety and security through movement withinthe urban network.
physical
social
cultural
economic
symbolic
participatory
source: Janchez & Sepulveda, 2010, Pinto et al., 2010
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dimensions
public space
public space network
Mobility Connectivity
Activities
Social Dynamics
Saety
potential o connecting to largernetwork providing conditions orterritorial cohesion
synergetic
conditions or
cohabitation
.
functional
+ ++
.
interactive
.
participatory
Project Aim Problem Field Theoretical Framework Method Test Case Oude Westen Recommendation
potential in providing an alternativeapproach to re-qualiy disarticulatedareas, diminishing the need orextensive social mixing/upgrading
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18/50P j Ai P bl Fi ld Th i l F k M h d T C O d W R d i
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dimensions activities
public spacepotential in providing an alternativeapproach to re-qualiy disarticulatedareas, diminishing the need orextensive social mixing/upgrading
public space network
Mobility Connectivity
Activities
Social Dynamics
Saety
potential o connecting to largernetwork providing conditions orterritorial cohesion
synergetic
conditions or
cohabitation
.
functional
+ ++
.
interactive
.
participatory
.
necessary
.
optional
.
social
+
Project Aim Problem Field Theoretical Framework Method Test Case Oude Westen Recommendation
saety
.
intervisibility
.
constituted
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dimensions activities
ows
saety
economic
social
public spacepotential in providing an alternativeapproach to re-qualiy disarticulatedareas, diminishing the need orextensive social mixing/upgrading
public space network
Mobility Connectivity
Activities
Social Dynamics
Saety
potential o connecting to largernetwork providing conditions orterritorial cohesion
synergetic
conditions or
cohabitation
.
functional
+ ++
.
interactive
.
participatory
.
necessary
.
optional
.
social
+
typology ofplaces
.
connectivity
.
permeability
.
intervisibility
.
constituted
visiblecollective
workspace
Project Aim Problem Field Theoretical Framework Method Test Case Oude Westen Recommendation
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connected to center connecting to center and global grid
Project Aim Problem Field Theoretical Framework Method Test Case Oude Westen Recommendation
Assessment
Residential area activated through more accessibility,resulting in more pedestrian ows and potential ordivers program. Resulting in establishing Go-To placesor diferent social groups.
RiskOver-accessibility disrupts the local identity o theneighborhood
(C r n , , nn r r, ) (G l, ) ( ill r, ) ( v. L
i n i n f li
t i i t i i n t h l i l f
y li
u n i n l
i n r i v
r ii ry
n ry
i nl
il
u a l i ty o fh o usi / ser i c es
uality ofsemi ulic sace
a r o r i a t i o o ssi i l i ti es
sy m o l i sm o fa r o r i a t io
street
orietatio
i n r v
n
typology ofplaces
n n i v i y
r m i li y
v i u l r m i li y r m i n m v m nv rl li r in r i n
n n i v i y r i v m v m n n i y i u
l , h r u h l y r u
(C r n, , nn r r, ) (G l, ) ( ill r, ) ( v. L
i n i n f li
t i i t i i n t h l i l
y li
u n i n l
i n r i v
r ii ry
n ry
i nl
il
uality ofhousi /serices
uality ofsemi ulic sace
a r o r i a t i o o ssi i l i ti es
sy m o l i sm o fa r o r i a t io
street
orietatio
i n r v
n
y l y l
connectivity
r m i l i y
v i u l r m i l i y r mi n m v m nv rl li r in r i n
n n i v i y r i v m v m n n i y i u
l , h r u h l y r u
(C r n , , nn r r, ) (G l, ) ( ill r, ) ( v. L
i n i n f li
t i i t i i n t h l i l f
y li
u n i n l
i n r i v
r ii ry
n ry
i nl
il
u a l i ty o fh o usi / ser i c es
uality ofsemi ulic sace
a r o r i a t i o o ssi i l i t ies
sy m o l i sm o fa r o r i a t io
street is
o r i et a t i oe
i n r v i i
n i
y l y l
n n i v i y
permeability
visualpermeability determinesmovementv rl li r in r i n
n n i v i y r i v m v m n n i y i u
l , h r u h l y r u
go-to places, go-through placesby-product spaces
over-connectivity reduces the sense of owner-
ship and place
Residential Go-To Places
integration value
low high
integration value
low high
new connection new connection
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/
Cohabitation Conditions
Spatial Relation
necessary child related activityfunctional dimension optional activity social ac tivityparticipatory dimension t ypo lo gy o f pl ac es c on nec ti vi ty v isi bl e co lle ct ive w ork spa ce
+
interactive dimension
+ +
user intensity
highlow
green structure
j
Conclusions Assessment
city center
Oude Westen
Museum Park
Public Space
The main activities o the public space orientedtowards one single user group
-> Other user groups seek their optional
or social activities elsewhere
Saety
Narrow street structure and lack o intervisibility
-> Meaning unsae and low sociallycontrolled spaces
Connectivity
Residential core poorly integrated into the area
-> Meaning less potential or pedestrianows and diferentiated program
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j
Scenarios
current situation with the introduction o auent residents
Business as
Usual
Extreme Pedestrian
Flows
Following
Masterplan
Following
Societal Trends
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Variables o Scenarios
Variables o the scenarios
connectivity/permeability/pedestrianows
appropriability unctional dimension/necessaryactivity
connections parking spaces program
permeability
connectivity
participatory
interactive
self employed
entrepreneurs
daily system: desire close proximity
workspace: thirdspace environment
environment: exible spaces, interaction
with clients and peers
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Variables o the scenarios in relation to public space network
connectivity/permeability/pedestrianows
unctional dimension/necessaryactivity
permeability
connectivity
self employed
entrepreneurs
daily system: desire close proximity
workspace: thirdspace environment
environment: exible spaces, interaction
with clients and peers
spatially/programmatically integration into thelarger network.
using the potential ows rom the networkconnectivity
Variables o Scenarios
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Scenario: Following Masterplan
Scenarios
Spatial
Intervention
- Pedestrian ow rom/to the citycenter
- Intensication/diversication oprogram as a result o new
connection
- Multiple public spacedimensions acilitate diferentactivities or diferent liestylescreating more interaction
- Removal o parking spacesincreases appropiable space,social surveillance and visibility
- Introduction o auent securespatial quality in western area oresidential neighborhood
- Possible ragmentation iprogram and network o spacesdo not attract both groups ousers
Efects
Risks
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user intensity
highlow
green structure
Role in the Public Space Network
Spatial Relation
Cohabitation Conditions
necessary child related activityfunctional dimension optional ac tivity social activityparticipatory dimension t yp ol og y o f p la ce s c on ne ct iv it y v is ib le c ol le ct iv e w or ks pa ce
+
interactive dimension
+ +
city center
Oude Westen
Museum Park
Scenarios
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clear visual connectionbetween spaces
visual connectionaccentuates the publicspace network
spaces and programstimulates use by allresidents
divers program invitesinteraction
P
P
P
computer repairshop
studio
community cafe
restaurant
neighborhood libraryprimary school
adult education
collective workspace
playground
greenspaceleisure space
meeting place
community center
neighborhood parksocial entrepreneurship center
green spaceleisure space
cafetailor
designer
hairdresser
meeting place
accentuate diferent levelso operation with regardto high street and centralaxis
ocus central axis shouldbe on local level
appropriatory spaceevenly distributed
accentuate diferent typesand hierarchies in publicspaces
increase in intensity o usetowards East
Design Guidelines
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Design Guidelines
Design Guidelines: Network Conditions
creating pedestrianconnectivity towardscenter o theneighborhood
limited connectivity tosecure local identity andsense o ownership
gradual increase inprogram towards citycenter
creating visitor ows thatexplore but do not invade
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New connections and ow intensity (Following Masterplan)
Design
M
C
200
100
50
20
0
user intensity
highlow
green structure
Connection to city center and museum park. in-crease pedestrian ows through park and towardsGerrit Sterkmanplein.
Decreased pedestrain intensity in west o residentialarea acilitating the urban in the lee environment
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P
P
P
Design
Removed parking spaces
Parking spacesMixed Program locations
200
100
50
20
0
37/50
Project Aim Problem Field Theoretical Framework Method Test Case Oude Westen Recommendation
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200
100
50
20
0
current built orm
housing or auent
mixed program
playground only
multiple activity place
basketball court
public space paving
leisure space (park)
terrace community center
leisure space nursing home
quay Westersingel
tramlane
parking spaces
Design
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D i
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30.8
. 10.6 10.6
8 1.5 18 5 15 6 269.5
9.5 5 27 5 10 269.5
Current situation
Potential situation
Principle
meeting o diferent worldsneighborhood center as landmark
optional -> social activitynecessary activity
Design
Section Park
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D i
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8.2 1 .7 1 .5 3.5 1 .5 1 .7 10.2
8.2 3.2 5.2 3.2 10.2
Principle
extension o center on local scale
social spacenecessary space
Design
Section Gafeldwarsstraat
- connection to city center createsGo-Through place with
By-Product places
- lower priced program location or localentrepreneurship
- Removal o parking spaces orappropriation o space
- Pavement indication o public spacenetwork
41/50
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Design
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Section Gerrit Sterkmanplein
1.5 3.5 1.5 1.8 9.51.52.6 3.5 1.59
3.5 3.3 9.5 14.1 3.59 3.53.5
Design
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44/50Project Aim Problem Field Theoretical Framework Method Test Case Oude Westen Recommendation
PolicyScheme
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Public: Municipality Rotterdam,Province Zuid Holland,
Private: Prorail, NS, RET, HarborIndustry, Private Developers,
Education/Medical/R&D Institutes
Public: Municipality Rotterdam,Private: Prorail, NS, RET, Private
Developers (ocies, companies),creative industry, local
entrepreneurs
Public: Municipality Rotterdam,Private: Woonstad (HA), localentrepreneurs, Education/
Medical acilitiesResidents: Action Groups Oude
Westen, local residents
Masterplan Oude WestenImprove leisure, commercial,
residential diferentiation,
Neighborhood Vision
Bind & Seduceincrease saety, social
acilities, vitality, living, publicspace, entrepreneurship
-> gentrication -> spatial,economic, social and saety
interventions
Urban Vision 2030Strengthen economy & residential
attractivity. Gentriy, increasecreative industry in peri-urban
neighborhoods
Residential VisionRise in home-ownership, improvedwelling, residential environment
and acilities
Work Locations
Two Zones: Knowledge& Servicezone /Harbor &
Industrialzone.Increase EMC Hoboken.
Trafc Plan Rotterdam- connected city: growth train and
car trac(concentrated in mainroutes)
- Stimulate cycling and PT useinside city
City LoungeImprove leisure, commercial,
pedestrian quality o inner city.- smart economy - central living
- connected city - culture andleisure
Trafc Plan Inner City- Increase parking space (price
increase to city centerP+R outside center. Residents
parking close to home (garage/street)
Municipality(Rotterdam)
District(Central District)
Neighborhood(Oude Westen)
Visions
Scale
Actors
Transormation vision established rom the perspective o intervening inthe built structure, changing housing typologies
Without a participatory planning approach where stakeholders romdiferent scales are recognized and without the recognition o the
potential o intervening in the public domain in relation to its users,risk o ragmentation will be sustained.
Policy Scheme
45/50Project Aim Problem Field Theoretical Framework Method Test Case Oude Westen Recommendation
Revising Current Decision-Making Process
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Public: Municipality Rotterdam,Province Zuid Holland,
Private: Prorail, NS, RET, HarborIndustry, Private Developers,
Education/Medical/R&D Institutes
Public: Province Zuid Holland,Municipalities
Private: Prorail, NS,
Public: Ministries, Province ZuidHolland,
Private: Prorail, NS,
Public: Municipality Rotterdam,Private: Prorail, NS, RET, Private
Developers (ocies, companies),creative industry, local
entrepreneurs
Public: Municipality Rotterdam,Private: Woonstad (HA), localentrepreneurs, Education/
Medical acilitiesResidents: Action Groups Oude
Westen, local residents
Actors
Mem. SpaceMem. Mobility
Randstad UrgentRandstad 2040
Urban Vision 2030Residential Vision
Work LocationsTrac Plan Rotterdam
City LoungeTrac Plan Inner City
Masterplan Oude WestenNeighborhood Vision
Bind & Seduce
Vision Zuid-HollandProvincial Interest
Municipality(Rotterdam)
Provincial(South-Holland)
National(Netherlands)
District(Central District)
Neighborhood(Oude Westen)
Visions
Scale
Community Action Plan
1. Establishing a partnership between local stakeholders and thelocal authority
2. Establishing the goals3. Doing an analysis o the project area (through the use o the
conditions or cohabitation.4. Creating the vision or the project area5. Followup o the vision
Revising Current Decision Making Process
46/50Project Aim Problem Field Theoretical Framework Method Test Case Oude Westen Recommendation
7/31/2019 Graduation Presentation Gijs Brit: Recognizing Synergetic Conditions for Cohabitation
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Evaluation:
- The Urban Regeneration Approach o the Municipality too limited
- Not recognizing the potentials o the uses and users o the public space
- Method or assessment o the public space (network) and adaptation in relation to the needs o
the residents
- Recommendation to incorporate method in the current decision-making process
47/50
7/31/2019 Graduation Presentation Gijs Brit: Recognizing Synergetic Conditions for Cohabitation
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Thank you
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7/31/2019 Graduation Presentation Gijs Brit: Recognizing Synergetic Conditions for Cohabitation
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Questions?