Graduation Exam 2008 Revision – TP, TM 1. 10 key issues in tourism planning 2. 10 key issues in travel management Nguyen Duc Hoa Cuong MBA – Msc.TM

Graduation Exam Graduation Exam 20082008

Revision – TP, TMRevision – TP, TM1.1. 10 key issues in tourism planning10 key issues in tourism planning2.2. 10 key issues in travel management10 key issues in travel management

Nguyen Duc Hoa CuongNguyen Duc Hoa CuongMBA – Msc.TMMBA – Msc.TM

10 Key issues 10 Key issues in Tourism in Tourism PlanningPlanning

1. Tourism planning scales and 1. Tourism planning scales and approachesapproaches

Planning at regional scale is even more Planning at regional scale is even more comprehensive than at the site and comprehensive than at the site and destination zone scalesdestination zone scales

Many more resort areas are involvedMany more resort areas are involved A greater number of political A greater number of political

jurisdictions are includedjurisdictions are included The time periods of accomplishment The time periods of accomplishment

are much longerare much longer Better integration of the whole.Better integration of the whole.

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1. Tourism planning scales and 1. Tourism planning scales and approachesapproaches

The basic planning process follows The basic planning process follows successive steps as below:successive steps as below:

Study preparationStudy preparation Determination of development goals and Determination of development goals and

objectivesobjectives SurveysSurveys Analysis and synthesisAnalysis and synthesis Plan formulationPlan formulation Recommendations.Recommendations.

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2. Levels and types of tourism planning2. Levels and types of tourism planningDevelopment area land use planning.Development area land use planning.

Considerations in tourism area zonation:Considerations in tourism area zonation: Degree of tourism potentials;Degree of tourism potentials; Type of tourism possible;Type of tourism possible; Environmental sensitivity;Environmental sensitivity; Method of transport;Method of transport; Scale of facilities.Scale of facilities.

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2. Levels and types of tourism planning2. Levels and types of tourism planning Facility site planning and Facility Facility site planning and Facility design.design.

Specific planning for individual buildings or Specific planning for individual buildings or complexes of buildings such as resorts, hotels, complexes of buildings such as resorts, hotels, restaurants, attraction features landscaping restaurants, attraction features landscaping areas.areas.

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3. Geographical pattern of 3. Geographical pattern of destinations:destinations:

Objectives:Objectives:

1.1. To express the spatial aspects of any regional To express the spatial aspects of any regional policy: locations, concentrations, geographical policy: locations, concentrations, geographical linkages, travel routes, areas of amenity, and so onlinkages, travel routes, areas of amenity, and so on

2.2. To facilitate the geographical integration of various To facilitate the geographical integration of various types of tourism development; and of tourism types of tourism development; and of tourism development with other forms of economic activitydevelopment with other forms of economic activity

3.3. To more effeciently identify locations or “zones” for To more effeciently identify locations or “zones” for tourism development.tourism development.

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3. BASE CAMP

ORIGIN

1. SINGLE DESTINATION

2. EN ROUTE

4. REGIONAL TOUR

5. TRIP CHAINING


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5 types of geographical patterns of destinations:

- Single destination: most activities within one Single destination: most activities within one

destination.destination.

- En Route: several destinations visited en route to a En Route: several destinations visited en route to a

main one.main one.

- Base camp: other visited while at a primary Base camp: other visited while at a primary

attraction.attraction.

- Regional tour: several destinations visited while in a Regional tour: several destinations visited while in a

target region.target region.

- Trip chaining: a touring circuit of several destinations.Trip chaining: a touring circuit of several destinations.


Projection techniques:Projection techniques:

Time-series Time-series

The Delphi methodThe Delphi method

Gravity and trip generation modelGravity and trip generation model

The experience of tourism growth elsewhere in The experience of tourism growth elsewhere in

similar tourism situationssimilar tourism situations

Global and regional trends.Global and regional trends.

4. Tourist market analysis4. Tourist market analysis

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Calculate the annual average growing rate (%) of the number of arrivals to a destination (Using the Ready-made average increased rate reference table)

Year 2004 2005 2006 2007

Number of arrivals 800,000 715,000 855,000 1,311,000

The Ready-made Average Increased Rate Reference Table:

Average rate Growth

Growing Increased

2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years

117.90 17.90 139.00 163.89 193.22 227.81

117.95 17.95 139.12 164.09 193.55 228.29

118.00 18.00 139.24 164.30 193.88 228.78

118.05 18.05 139.36 164.51 194.21 229.26

2 formulas of projecting tourism demand2 formulas of projecting tourism demand:

x = x = √(Y√(Ynn/Y/Yoo) – 100%) – 100% or Using a Ready-made Reference or Using a Ready-made Reference

Table.Table.

XXnn = X = Xoo (1+x) (1+x)nn..

n

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5. Survey approach and 5. Survey approach and techniquestechniques

Indentification and description of attractionsIndentification and description of attractions

Document researchDocument research

InterviewsInterviews

Priliminary listPriliminary list

Evaluation criteriaEvaluation criteria

Field surveys Field surveys

EvaluationEvaluationLec 6


Example of a list of evaluation criteriaExample of a list of evaluation criteria

AccessibilityAccessibility

SeasonalitySeasonality

National/ regional/ international importance National/ regional/ international importance

(value)(value)

Social/ cultural/ economic/ environmental impactSocial/ cultural/ economic/ environmental impact

Investment scale and financial sources.Investment scale and financial sources.

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Field surveyField survey

In teams (picture on the next slide)In teams (picture on the next slide)

Preparation: maps, handy GPS, camera, Preparation: maps, handy GPS, camera,

binoculars, data card, arrangements, etc.,binoculars, data card, arrangements, etc.,

Plotting attractions on a mapPlotting attractions on a map

Written summary descriptions.Written summary descriptions.

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Matrix evaluation techniqueMatrix evaluation technique

Figure 4.1 (page 96, Textbook 1)Figure 4.1 (page 96, Textbook 1)

Reviewed by overall experience and judgment of Reviewed by overall experience and judgment of

the planning teamthe planning team

Preparation for different Preparation for different

(target) tourist markets(target) tourist markets

Ranking scale: 1 – 5 or Ranking scale: 1 – 5 or 1 1

– 10 – 10

Numberical weightingNumberical weighting

Additional criteria.Additional criteria.Lec 6

Arts and handicraftsArts and handicrafts

Dance, music, drammaDance, music, dramma

Fine arts of painting, Fine arts of painting,

sculpting, architectural sculpting, architectural

styles, styles,

HandicraftsHandicrafts

Small scale or large scale?.Small scale or large scale?.

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6. Survey of cultural attractions6. Survey of cultural attractions

7. Important indicators in land use 7. Important indicators in land use planningplanning

Unit densities (Mật độ xây dựng)Unit densities (Mật độ xây dựng) Building height (chiều cao công trình – Building height (chiều cao công trình –

chiều cao trung bình)chiều cao trung bình) Building setbacks (khoảng lùi của công Building setbacks (khoảng lùi của công

trình)trình) Floor area ratio (hệ số sử dụng đất)Floor area ratio (hệ số sử dụng đất) Site coverage (diện tích chiếm đất)Site coverage (diện tích chiếm đất)

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8. The resort planning 8. The resort planning processprocess

Regional relationships:Regional relationships:

Adequacy and type of access?Adequacy and type of access? Access of the resort to other attractions Access of the resort to other attractions

and nearby townsand nearby towns Availability of water and electric power Availability of water and electric power

supply, telecommunication, sewage and supply, telecommunication, sewage and solid waste disposalsolid waste disposal

Labor supply and housing conditions to Labor supply and housing conditions to the resort employeesthe resort employees

Socio-cultural impact implications.Socio-cultural impact implications.Lec 10


Examples: Examples: AccessibilityAccessibility AttractionsAttractions InfrastructureInfrastructure Labor supplyLabor supply

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Community relationships:Community relationships:

Local Government agencies or community Local Government agencies or community organizationsorganizations

Informed about the proposed resortInformed about the proposed resort Reviewing the draft planning proposalReviewing the draft planning proposal How to participate in benefit from the How to participate in benefit from the

resort?resort?

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Why community relationships?Why community relationships?

Avoid reallocation of the local residentsAvoid reallocation of the local residents Mitigate unexpected impactsMitigate unexpected impacts Local knowledge and advocacy.Local knowledge and advocacy.

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Reallocation and Reallocation and compensation programcompensation program

Equiptable Equiptable compensation paid for compensation paid for their land and housingtheir land and housing

If possible situate them If possible situate them near the resortnear the resort

Training and education Training and education to change their jobto change their job

Provision of employment Provision of employment and business and business opportunities.opportunities. Lec 10

Decree on travel and tour guide business of Decree on travel and tour guide business of Vietnam:Vietnam:

Obtaining a business license Obtaining a business license Obtaining a travel business licenseObtaining a travel business license Deposit 250 mill. VND (for international travel Deposit 250 mill. VND (for international travel

business) or 50 mill. VND (for domestic travel business) or 50 mill. VND (for domestic travel business) in a blocked bank accountbusiness) in a blocked bank account

Having at least 3 tour guides with an Having at least 3 tour guides with an international tour guiding licenseinternational tour guiding license

Travel agencies are allowed to sell tours, not to Travel agencies are allowed to sell tours, not to run the tourrun the tour

Tour guides are obliged to have a working Tour guides are obliged to have a working contract with a tour operator.contract with a tour operator.

9. Tourism related 9. Tourism related legislationlegislation

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National Tourism Administration (NTA) National Tourism Administration (NTA) organization:organization:

Regional tourism agency, non-statutory or Regional tourism agency, non-statutory or statutory board or a combination of thesestatutory board or a combination of these

Functions: policy, planning, some Functions: policy, planning, some development and facility operation, development and facility operation, coordination, statistics and research, coordination, statistics and research, marketing and tourist information services, marketing and tourist information services, coordination of education and training, coordination of education and training, industry standards, administrative.industry standards, administrative.

10. Organizational structures for 10. Organizational structures for tourismtourism

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Private sector tourism organizations:Private sector tourism organizations:

Organized by types of enterprises in a Organized by types of enterprises in a separate or combined mannerseparate or combined manner

Financing is through memberships, depending Financing is through memberships, depending on the relative scale of the enterprises.on the relative scale of the enterprises.


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Functions:Functions:

Forum for discussing and Forum for discussing and resolving common problemsresolving common problems

Making coordinated Making coordinated recommendations to the recommendations to the Government tourism officeGovernment tourism office

Conducting research and Conducting research and trainingtraining

Supporting special events.Supporting special events.


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Thank you!Thank you!

Good luck!Good luck!

Documents

Graduation Exam 2008 Revision – TP, TM 1. 10 key issues in tourism planning 2. 10 key issues in travel management Nguyen Duc Hoa Cuong MBA – Msc.TM