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E13N-1 Experiment 13N MLE 11/17/16 RADIOACTIVITY MATERIALS: (total amounts per lab) small bottle of KCl; isogenerator kit; eluting solution; cobalt-60 gamma source; strontium-90 beta source; 1 Geiger counter; 3 Daedalon counters with probes; 3 white Geiger probe/absorber holders; 1 thin Al foil (#5); 2 Al plates; 1 plastic absorber; 2 Pb sheets; 12 HDPE absorbers; 4 Petri dishes; disposable gloves (for instructor); dissecting microscope. PURPOSE: To determine the half-life of potassium-40 and barium-137m, and to determine the relative penetrating abilities of gamma radiation and beta particles. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of this experiment, the student should be able to demonstrate the following proficiencies: 1. Show that radioactive decay is a first-order kinetic process. 2. Demonstrate the random nature of nuclear disintegrations. 3. Illustrate the fact that radioactivity is a natural phenomenon. 4. Show how to determine the half-life of a radioisotope with a very long half-life. 5. Show how to determine the half-life of a radioisotope with a short half-life. 6. Examine the shielding of radiation by different types of materials. PRE-LAB: Complete the Pre-Lab Assignment before lab. DISCUSSION: Radioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration of unstable atomic nuclei with accompanying emission of radiation. It is known to be a random process at the atomic level, but the bulk (statistical) behavior of a sample of radioactive material is readily seen to obey first-order kinetics. The first-order differential rate law for radioactive species has the same form as the equation applied to chemical kinetic processes, but it is usually expressed in terms of the number of radioactive nuclei, N, rather than the concentration: N k dt dN Rate = = (1) where dN/dt is the change in the number of radioactive nuclei with respect to time, t, and k is the rate constant. As is characteristic of first-order decay processes, the rate constant is related to the half-life, t1/2, by the equation k 0.693 1/2 t = (2) The half-life is the time required for half of a substance to disappear. For a first-order decay process, it is independent of the initial number of particles decaying. The basic equipment used to measure radioactivity is the Geiger counter. It actually measures the rate, usually in units of counts per minute (cpm). Each "count" is the response of the detector to a single particle (typically α particles, β particles, or γ rays) produced in the decay process. The radiation, which is ionizing, penetrates the detector tube and causes a discharge of a current pulse across the radius of the tube. Thus, each count represents one radioactive nucleus undergoing decay. The counting rate detected by the instrument is called the Activity, A, which is directly proportional to the number of radioactive nuclei: A = k N (3) The integrated form of the radioactive decay rate law is also the same as that for first-order chemical kinetics: N = N0e –kt ln N = – k t + ln N0 (4)

Graduate Student Check List – Ph.D. Ph.D. Student Department of Dairy Science Page … · 2017-02-16 · 1 . Graduate Student Check List – Ph.D. Ph.D. Student Department of Dairy

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Page 1: Graduate Student Check List – Ph.D. Ph.D. Student Department of Dairy Science Page … · 2017-02-16 · 1 . Graduate Student Check List – Ph.D. Ph.D. Student Department of Dairy

1

Graduate Student Check List – Ph.D.

Ph.D. Student Department of Dairy Science Page 1 of 2

Student Name: ________________________

This check list is provided to assist in tracking progress toward the degree. The form will become a part of the student’s permanent record and should be updated annually (at the time of the annual evaluation).

Date

__________ Enrolled

__________ Formation of advisory; submit plan of study (prior to completion of 2nd semester (24 credits)

__________ Advisory committee meets and submits progress report (year 1).

__________ Advisory committee meets and submits progress report (year 2).

__________ Completion and passing of the preliminary examination (prior to completion of 3rd semester (36 credits))

__________ Advisory committee meets and submits progress report (year 3).

__________ Anticipated completion date1,2

__________ Draft of manuscript completed

1The Preliminary Examination for the Ph.D. must be taken at least 6 months before the Ph.D. defense. A minimum of 24 hours of course work and/or research must remain to be taken, including the work for which the student is enrolled at the time of the exam.

2 The Preliminary Exam and the Ph.D. defense normally must be held during regular academic semesters or sessions and must be scheduled through the graduate school. Requests to schedule the defense must be received by the Graduate School (with a copy to Becky Michael and the Major Professor] at least two weeks before the defense.

2 Financial support is normally limited to 4.0 years.

Other Requirements:

Graduate Seminar (Course, semester, year):

1. __________________; 2. ___________________; 3. _____________________;

Teaching Requirement (course, semester, year):

1. ___________________; 2. ___________________; 3. _____________________;

rev. 10/24/16

Page 2: Graduate Student Check List – Ph.D. Ph.D. Student Department of Dairy Science Page … · 2017-02-16 · 1 . Graduate Student Check List – Ph.D. Ph.D. Student Department of Dairy

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Graduate Student Check List – Ph.D. Continued

MS Student (Thesis Track) in Department of Dairy Science Page 2 of 2

Ethics and Integrity Requirements -- Completion date (attach certificate if appropriate):

A. Graduate TA workshop ____________;

B. CITI training (instructions; https://www.citiprogram.org/)

Biomedical Responsible Conduct of Research RCR module ____________;

Investigators, Staff and Students – Basic Course _____________;

C. Endnote training session ________________;

D. Graduate Research Symposium (Oral and Poster Session) (one per year)

a. ______________________; b. ______________________;

E. IACUC Training ___________________;

Optional:

ALS 5324 Research Ethics Ag & Life Science ______________;

Graduate School Pedagogy Certificate __________________;

rev. 10/24/16