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Grades and Applications
KRONOS Information 2.1March 2009
KRONOS B.V.Guldenwaard 133 b, NL-3078 AJ Rotterdam Tel. (+31 10) [email protected] CANADA Inc.1255 Rue Université, Bureau 1102Montreal Quebec, H3B 3W7Tel. (+1 514) 397 [email protected] EUROPE S.A./N.V.Langerbruggekaai 10, Haven 8160 AB-9000 Gent, Tel. (+32 9) 2540311Sales: (+32 9) [email protected] Worldwide, Inc.5 Cedarbrook Drive, Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA Tel. (+1 609) [email protected] LimitedBarons Court, Manchester roadWilmslow, Cheshire SK9 1BQ, UKTel. (+44 1625) [email protected] TITAN ASP.O. Box 1415, N-1602 FredrikstadTel. (+47) [email protected] TITAN GmbHPeschstraße 5, 51373 Leverkusen, GermanyTel. (+49 214) [email protected] INDUSTRIELLE DU TITANE S.A.45, Rue de Courcelles, F-75008 ParisTel. (+33 1) [email protected] Chemia, Jozef Adamec91910 Bukova 275, SlovakiaTel. (+421 33) [email protected] CHEMICALS SRLStr. Barbu Vacarescu nr.4, Bl.1, sc. 3parter, ap. 67, 020281 Bukuresti, sector 2Tel. (+40 21) [email protected] PIGMENT Kamil Wisniewskiul. Wierzbowa 9/11, lok. 32000-094 Warszawa, PolandTel. (+48 22) [email protected]
KRONIA Kimyevi Mad.San.ve Tic.Ltd.Sti.ACARKENT 3.Cad 16.Sok. C-66, 81686 Beykoz-Istanbul, TurkeyTel. (+90 216) - 485 1799 [email protected] GmbHHarambasiceva 36, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaTel. (+385 1) 2331731 [email protected] & Rothschädl Ges. m.b.H.Münchner Bundesstraße 121, A-5020 Salzburg Tel. (+43 662) [email protected] Additive EOODMladost, 1A, Bl. 518, app 21, BG-1729 SofiaTel. (+359 2) [email protected] Additive Kft.Váci út 184, H-1138 BudapestTel. (+36 61) [email protected]. Tricardos SA16 Xanthippou Str, Holargos 15561, AthensTel. (+30 210) [email protected] S.p.A.Milanofiori - Palazzo E2, I-20090 Assago-Milano Tel. (+39 02) [email protected] QUIMICA S.A.Santaló 152-154, bajos, 08021 BarcelonaTel (+34 932) [email protected] QUIMICA, LDAPct. D. Nuno Alvares Pereira No. 20-1° Sala AZ4450-218 MatosinhosTel. (+351 229) [email protected] TITAN GmbHPeschstraße 5, 51373 Leverkusen, GermanyTel. (+49 214) [email protected] INDUSTRIELLE DU TITANE S.A.45, Rue de Courcelles, F-75008 ParisTel. (+33 1) [email protected] INTERNATIONAL, Inc. KRONOS Export DepartmentPeschstraße 5, 51373 Leverkusen, GermanyTel. (+49 214) [email protected]
Your KRONOS partners worldwideNL
CDN
BL
USAMEX
DKN
SFIN
ESTLVLT
RUSBYUA
DZMATN
DCH
F
SKCZ
KZUZ
RO
PL
TR
A
BG
H
GR
I
E
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HRSLOSRB
BIHMKSCG
GBIRL
The KRONOS group is one of the world's leading manufacturers of titanium dioxide. KRONOS has beenoperating as an international company for more than 90 years. The group owes its significant market position to the quality of its products, innovation, technical experience and reliable customer service around theworld. The company's international representation issupported by an effective distribution system.
Our manufacturing sites are located in five countries ontwo continents with European sites at Leverkusen andNordenham/Germany, Fredrikstad/Norway andGhent/Belgium; North American sites at Lake Charles,Louisiana/USA, and Varennes, Quebec/Canada. Thecompany has its own ilmenite mine in Hauge iDalane/Norway, a key raw material in the sulphateprocess.
There are two methods for manufacturing TiO2pigments, one method uses sulphuric acid for digestion(sulphate process), while the other uses chlorine (chloride process) with KRONOS plants employing both methods. As a result of the raw material used bothprocesses also produce iron salts, which are used totreat potable and process water, as well as for waste-water treatment. The sulphuric acid by-product occurringin the sulphate process at KRONOS is either completelyreconcentrated and returned to the process or neutralised. The chlorine from the chloride process is recovered and recycled.
Throughout the years, KRONOS has made a commit-ment to its product quality and customers. Our team oftechnical service, marketing and sales representativesworks together in close cooperation with our customersand suppliers. The latest technological equipment and ateam of specialist staff optimise formulations or provideon-the-spot advice. Natural and accelerated weatheringtests are also performed.
KRONOS is certified to EN ISO 9001, EN ISO 14001and EN ISO 22000, its’ current annual production capacity is approximately 520,000 tonnes TiO2 .
This list of grades is designed to help our customers select the most suitable KRONOS titanium dioxide gradefor their field of application. In specific cases, KRONOStitanium dioxide grades not listed for a particular field ofapplication can still achieve good results. KRONOS staff,our sales companies and agencies worldwide will bepleased to answer any questions you may have on thissubject.
KRONOS - the company
Contents:Chemical/physical Fields of Optical characteristics,characteristics application description
� Plastics Page 4 - 5 Page 6 Page 14 - 15Thermoplastics
� Coatings Page 4 - 5 Page 6 - 7 Page 10 - 13Industrial coatingsArchitectural coatingsPrinting inks
� Further KRONOS Pigments Page 4 - 5 Page 8 - 9 Page 16 - 17Man-made fibresPaperGlass, vitreous enamels, ceramic productsMiscellaneous applications
� TiO2 - photocatalysts Page 4 - 5 Page 9 Page 17
3
Chemical and physical characteristics of KRONOS TiO2 grades
KRONOS 1001 A1 - 99.0 3.8 600 64 20 -KRONOS 1071 A2 Al, Si 96.0 3.7 700 74 20 -KRONOS 1074 A2 Al, Mn, Si 94.0 3.7 600 73 21 -KRONOS 1077 A1 - 98.5 3.8 450 67 20 -KRONOS 1171Titanium dioxide E 171 A1 - 99.0 3.8 600 70 20 -
Standardclassi-fication1
Anatase pigmentsStabilisedwith com-pounds of these elements
TiO2-content 2min. [%]
Density 2[g/cm2]
Bulk density 3[kg/m3]
Relativescatteringpower 4
Oil absorption(ISO 787/5)
Weather resistance 6
KRONOS 2044 R3 Al, Si 82.0 3.6 500 84 41 BKRONOS 2064 R2 Al 95.0 4.1 850 102 18 CKRONOS 2160 R2 Al, Si 90.5 3.9 800 95 18 AKRONOS 2190 R2 Al, Zr 94.0 4.1 750 103 18 BKRONOS 2300 R2 Al 94.5 4.1 850 101 16 BKRONOS 2305 R2 Al 94.5 4.1 650 103 17 BKRONOS 2310 R2 Al, Si, Zr 92.5 4.0 800 102 16 AKRONOS 2315 R2 Al, Si, Zr 92.5 4.0 850 105 16 AKRONOS 2360 R2 Al, Si 93.6 4.0 800 100 19 A
Rutile pigmentsprimarily for coatings
1 The classification A1, A2, R1, R2, R3 corresponds to DIN EN ISO 591, Part 1.
2 The titanium dioxide content and density of the pigments depend on the type and quantity of the treatment substances used to improve the applicationproperties. Pure rutile has a density of 4.2, while pureanatase has a density of 3.8.
3 The bulk densities of the pigments are approximate values and may vary, depending on the storage conditions.
4 The relative scattering power is the decisive parameter for the tinting strength and hiding power of titanium dioxide pigments. Determination of the scattering power to DIN 53165 is part of quality control at all our plants. An internal standard is used as the reference pigment.
4
KRONOS 2211 R2 Al 95.5 4.1 900 1055 13 CKRONOS 2220 R2 Al, Si 92.5 4.0 900 995 17 AKRONOS 2222 R2 Al, Si 92.5 4.0 900 1035 17 AKRONOS 2225 R2 Al, Si 94.5 4.0 750 1015 16 BKRONOS 2230 R2 Al, Si 96.0 4.2 900 1045 14 BKRONOS 2233 R2 Al, Si 96.0 4.1 700 1045 13 BKRONOS 2450 R2 Al, Si 96.0 4.1 900 1065 14 CKRONOS 2500 R2 Al 97.5 4.2 800 1055 12 C
Standardclassi-fication1
Rutile pigmentsprimarily for plastics
Stabilisedwith com-pounds of these elements
TiO2-content 2min. [%]
Density 2[g/cm2]
Bulk density 3[kg/m3]
Relativescatteringpower 4
Oil absorption(ISO 787/5)
Weather resistance 6
KRONOS 2800 R3 Al 88.0 3.8 650 - 18 A
Rutile pigmentprimarily for decorative
paper laminates
KRONOS 3000 - - 99.0 3.8 750 - - -KRONOS 3025 - - 99.0 4.2 850 - - -
Titanium dioxidewithout pigmentary
properties
KRONOS vlp 7000 A1 - 95.0 3.9 400 - ~50 -KRONOS vlp 7001 A1 - 95.0 3.9 400 - ~50 -KRONOS uvlp 7500 A1 - 95.0 3.9 400 - ~50 -
Titanium dioxidephotocatalysts
5 The relative scattering power is determined in a plastisol formulation. An internal standard is used as the reference pigment.
6 A = Maximum weather resistanceB = Good weather resistanceC = Limited weather resistance
5
KRONOS PVC, exteriorPVC, interiorPolyolefins/MasterbatchesPolystyrene and copolymersPolycarbonatesOther engineering plastics
ThermoplasticsPlastics
2220 2222 2225 2230 2233 2450 2500
Fields of application for KRONOS TiO2 grades
UV coatingsLow-VOC systemsCoil coatingsCan coatingsMarine coatings, automotive finishesWood protection coatings
Industrial coatingsCoatings
2064 2190 2300 2315 2360
= strongly recommendedKRONOS grades not strongly recommended in these tables may nevertheless be highly efficient in specific cases.Ask our Application Technology Center.
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KRONOS Industrial coatings, waterborne, interiorIndustrial coatings, waterborne, exteriorIndustrial coatings, solvent-based, interiorIndustrial coatings, solvent-based, exteriorPowder coatings, interiorPowder coatings, exterior
= strongly recommendedKRONOS grades not strongly recommended in these tables may nevertheless be highly efficient in specific cases.Ask our Application Technology Center.
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Silicate paintsPlasters, emulsion-bound
Architectural coatings2044 2190 2300 2315 2360
Silicone paints
Emulsion paints, interiorEmulsion paints, exteriorTrade decorative paints, waterborneTrade decorative paints, solvent-based
KRONOS
Printing inks
Coatings
Screen-printing inksGravure inksFlexographic inks, glossyFlexographic inks, matt
2044 2064 2190 2300KRONOS
KRONOS AcrylicPolyamidePolyesterViscose
Man-made fibres1071 1074 1077
KRONOS ElectroceramicsVitreous enamelsGlassGlazes
Glass, vitreous enamels, ceramic products1001 3000 3025
KRONOS Decorative paper laminatesPaper pulp
Paper1001 2800
Further fields of application
= strongly recommendedKRONOS grades not strongly recommended in these tables may nevertheless be highly efficient in specific cases.Ask our Application Technology Center.
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KRONOS CosmeticsFoodstuffsPharmaceuticals
Others1171E171
KRONOS Emulsion paints, interiorSilicone paintsSilicate paintsPlasters, interiorPlasters, exteriorFibresPaperWater treatmentAir purification (filters)ConcretePaving stones
TiO2 photocatalystsvlp7000
vlp7001
uvlp7500
KRONOS 1171is approved as food colorant E 171 and is thus a "foodstuff" as defined in the EC Regulation on FoodSafety.
= strongly recommendedKRONOS grades not strongly recommended in these tables may nevertheless be highly efficient in specific cases.Ask our Application Technology Center.
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KRONOS pigments for coatingsKRONOS 2044 is a special pigment for emulsion paints,as well as matt flexographic inks. As a result of its highsurface, KRONOS 2044 produces the highest hidingpower in interior emulsion paints due to a pronounceddry-hiding effect. It is additionally characterised by out-standing storage stability in waterborne systems.
KRONOS 2064 displays low abrasiveness and is an out-standing pigment for high-gloss gravure and flexographicinks. Additionally it is a universal pigment for use in in-dustrial coatings. It is characterised by high tintingstrength and hiding power, a high degree of gloss can be achieved when used in both waterborne and solvent-based systems.
KRONOS 2160 can be used as a universal pigment and meets very high demands on weather resistance. It achieves high hiding power in waterborne industrialcoatings. In solvent-based two-pack polyurethane systems it has a positive influence on the pot life and istherefore particularly suitable for vehicle refinish paint.
KRONOS 2190 is a universal pigment for waterborneand solvent-based paint systems. The principal proper-ties of this pigment are its outstanding dispersibility andexcellent tinting strength, together with high gloss.
KRONOS 2300 is a universal pigment for industrial coatings and architectural paints. This grade producesparticularly bright, neutral tones, as well as glossy coatings in whites. It is particularly recommended forpackaging coatings.
KRONOS 2305 was developed specifically for use inelectrodeposition coatings, it possesses high hidingpower together with high resistivity.
KRONOS 2310 produces coatings with very good tinting strength and hiding power, as well as outstandingweather resistance and very good processing properties.These characteristics make KRONOS 2310 a pigmentfor universal use, especially in waterborne and solvent-based systems for all outdoor applications.
KRONOS 2315 provides excellent weather resistanceperformance in combination with outstanding tintingstrength, hiding power and very high gloss. It is a specialpigment that meets the toughest demands in exterior industrial applications.
KRONOS 2360 can be used universally and meets thehighest weather resistance performance for the latestand most demanding coatings. It is equally suited to bothwaterborne and solvent based systems, providing ultimate hiding power and tint strength compared to similar pigment types. It also has very good dispersibilitythat enables production of high gloss coatings with littlegloss haze.
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CoatingsTest formulation: stoving enamel based on an acrylic/melamine system(pigment volume concentration: 18%)
Optical characteristics
Brightness and tone in whiteBrightness L*
Tone b*
KRONOS 2064 98.11.9
KRONOS 2160 98.21.9
KRONOS 2190 97.62.4
KRONOS 2300 98.41.9
KRONOS 2310 98.41.9
KRONOS 2315 98.51.8
KRONOS 2360 98.41.8
Relative tinting strength and tone in greyRelative tinting strength
Tone b*
KRONOS 2064 105- 7.1
KRONOS 2160 95- 6.8
KRONOS 2190 103-7.0
KRONOS 2300 102- 7.1
KRONOS 2310 100- 7.0
KRONOS 2315 104- 7.2
KRONOS 2360 100- 7.0
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CoatingsTest formulation: waterborne, eggshell-gloss emulsion paint based on acrylic resin(pigment volume concentration: 28%)
12
Brightness and tone in whiteBrightness L*
Tone b*
Relative tinting strength and tone in greyRelative tinting strength
Tone b*
The colorimetric values L* and b* characterise the brightness and tone of the coating samples pigmented with titanium dioxide (DIN 55983). The higher the L* value found for a pigment in white coatings, the greater the brightness at equal pigment volume concentrations. The higher the b* value found, the greater the yellowness of the white system.
KRONOS 2315 97.31.4
KRONOS 2310 97.31.5
KRONOS 2300 97.41.5
KRONOS 2360 97.21.5
KRONOS 2190 96.62.1
KRONOS 2160 97.12.0
KRONOS 2315 104- 2.9
KRONOS 2310 101- 2.8
KRONOS 2300 102- 2.8
KRONOS 2360 103- 3.0
KRONOS 2190 103- 2.8
KRONOS 2160 99- 2.6
CoatingsTest formulation: high-hiding interior emulsion paint based on polyvinyl acetate(pigment volume concentration: 78%)
Brightness and tone in whiteBrightness L*
Tone b*
Relative tinting strength and tone in greyRelative tinting strength
Tone b*
13
The higher the L* value found for a pigment in grey coatings, the greater is its relative tinting strength. The more negative the b* value found, the greater the blueness of the grey system. The figures given are mean values over extended production periods.
The mill base composition and the dispersing machinery are essential parameters in paint manufacture. The stabilised KRONOS pigments are readily dispersed under a wide variety of formulating and manufacturing conditions.
KRONOS 2300 97.71.7
KRONOS 2190 97.22.3
KRONOS 2044 97.82.2
KRONOS 2300 100- 2.8
KRONOS 2190 103- 2.5
KRONOS 2044 136- 1.6
KRONOS pigments for plasticsKRONOS 2211 is a universal rutile pigment for use in indoor applications. It is mainly used in PVC andlinoleum, in addition to which it is also recommended for masterbatches.
KRONOS 2220 is the leading KRONOS rutile pigmentfor the plastics industry. It meets the most exacting demands for material handling, dispersibility, opticalproperties and weather resistance. It has been a marketleader for many years, particularly in the field of PVCprofile industry.
KRONOS 2222 is an advanced development of the time-proven KRONOS 2220. It confers maximum bright-ness and a neutral tone in white PVC specimens. It ischaracterised by high tinting strength and a more pronounced bluish tone in pastel shades, as well as very high weather resistance, comparable to that ofKRONOS 2220.
KRONOS 2225 is a rutile pigment that confers highweather resistance on plastic films used externally, forexample agricultural films. It is very easily dispersed andpermits production of highly concentrated polyolefinmasterbatches. It also possesses high tinting strengthand gives films good opacity.
KRONOS 2230 is a rutile pigment that has been specifically developed for pigmenting polycarbonate.Due to its special composition polymer degradation inpolycarbonate is minimised. It is readily wetted and easily dispersed and guarantees high brightness and a neutral tone in whites. Surface flaws in injection mouldings with a high TiO2 content are prevented andpure whites in translucent applications are possible.
KRONOS 2233 is an advanced development of theproven KRONOS 2230 for pigmenting polycarbonateblends. It possesses very high tinting strength and produces pure, brilliant tones. Due to the optimisation ofthe organic surface treatment excellent colour propertiesare retained even at high processing temperatures, especially in whites.
KRONOS 2450 is a universal pigment with very good flow properties. It has good dispersibility and ischaracterised by a combination of excellent tintingstrength and a strong bluish tone. Applications rangefrom polystyrene, copolymers and PVC films to polyolefin masterbatches.
KRONOS 2500 was developed to meet the exacting demands of a masterbatch pigment. It is characterisedby its high process throughput and is particularly suitedfor highly pigmented masterbatches. Lacing resistanceproperties makes this grade very suitable for high-temperature extrusion coatings and the production of thin films.
14
KRONOS 2220
Relative tinting strength
Tone b*
103- 0.1
KRONOS 2211 107- 0.1
KRONOS 2222 103-1.0
KRONOS 2225 105- 0.2
KRONOS 2230 103- 0.1
KRONOS 2233 104-1.2
KRONOS 2450 109-1.2
KRONOS 2500 112-1.3
PlasticsOptical characteristics
Brightness and tone in white PVC-P film
Relative tinting strength and tone in grey
15
KRONOS 2220 98.32.9
KRONOS 2222 98.22.7
KRONOS 2225 98.03.1
KRONOS 2230 98.13.0
KRONOS 2233 98.03.1
KRONOS 2450 98.72.7
KRONOS 2500 98.42.7
KRONOS 2211 98.42.9
Brightness L*
Tone b*
The optical properties were determined on white and grey PVC-P films according to the KRONOS standard method,based on DIN 53775.
Further KRONOS pigmentsKRONOS 1001 is an anatase pigment for use in whiteconcrete, paper pulp and fillers, as well as electro-ceramics and glazes. Piezoelectric ceramics are a noteworthy special application. It is very bright, characterised by a neutral tone and for paper appli-cations provides high opacity.
KRONOS 1071 is an anatase pigment for delusteringpolyacrylic and acetate fibres. It is readily dispersed. The inorganic surface treatment with aluminium and silicon compounds enables this grade to impart betterlight fastness to pigmented materials than other untreated anatase pigments.
KRONOS 1074 is an anatase pigment that is primarilyfor delustering of polyamide fibres. Due to its surfacetreatment with aluminium, silicon and manganese compounds the delustered polyamide fibres display very high lightfastness.
KRONOS 1077 is an anatase pigment that is particularlysuitable for delustering viscose and polyester fibres. The untreated pigment contains no coarse particles andis substantially less abrasive than other anatase pigments.
KRONOS 1171 is an anatase pigment and approved forpigmenting foodstuffs, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, tobacco products, etc. It complies with the following purity criteria: European Union: 94/36/EC, 95/45/EC(food colorants), 78/25/EEC (pharmaceuticals),76/768/EEC, 96/335/EC (cosmetics), European Pharmacopoeia. USA: FDA Regulation 21CFR 73.2575 (cosmetics), US Pharmacopoeia XXIV. UN: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Health Organization (WHO).
KRONOS 2800 is a rutile pigment for decorative paperlaminates. It is characterised by outstanding hidingpower, together with very good retention. It can be usedvery economically in both white and coloured paper laminates.It imparts very good greying resistance to melamine laminates and possesses very good high-temperatureyellowing resistance in paper laminates.
16
TiO2 photocatalystsKRONOS vlp 7000 and KRONOS vlp 7001 are photo-catalysts that display activity not only in UV light, butalso pronounced photoactivity in visible light. They aresuitable for use in applications for eliminating unwantedodours (e.g. kitchen smells) and dirt on surfaces (e.g.nicotine), for air purification (amines, aldehydes, nitrogenoxides, mercaptans, etc.) and for improving room airquality (interior paints) in conjunction with paper, plasticfilms, window profiles, fibres, etc.
KRONOS uvlp 7500 is a photocatalyst designed for use in combination with UV radiation. It is suitable foreliminating unwanted odours (e.g. vehicle emissions)and dirt on surfaces (e.g. soot), for air purification (nitrogen oxides, sulphoxides, chlorinated hydrocarbons,etc.) and for improving air quality (exterior paints) in conjunction with plastic films, window profiles, paints, fibres, etc.
17
Further KRONOS productsKRONOS 3000 is a free-flowing, granular anatase without pigmentary properties for applications in glass,vitreous enamels, ceramics and electroceramics. It isreadily dissolved in the melt and gives glass a high refractive index and high UV absorption. It improvesopacity and resistance to breaking when used in glassceramics.
KRONOS 3025 is a coarse rutile without pigmentaryproperties for use in ceramics, electroceramics, vitreousenamels, glass and welding rods. It improves the sintering properties when used in ceramics, as well asenhancing mechanical, thermal and acid resistance. For electric arc welding applications excellent ionisationand re-ignition of the electrode is achieved
Titanium dioxide is chemically inert and insoluble in aqueous and organic solvents. Hot, concentrated sulphuric acid or hydrofluoric acid, or acidic or alkalinemelts, are needed for the digestion process, e. g. foranalysis.
The majority of KRONOS TiO2 pigments are surface-treated. Such treatments are primarily carried out usingaluminium compounds, but also with silicon, zirconiumand manganese compounds, and are aimed at specifically at improving certain pigment properties.
The treatment substances are also insoluble under normal conditions. Strong acids or bases are needed todissolve them.
Small quantities of organic substances are also added to almost all KRONOS pigments in order to improve theirwettability. None of the substances used constitutes ahealth hazard under the given conditions.
KRONOS titanium dioxide pigments have been pro-duced and processed for over 90 years and no acute or chronic harmful effects attributable to titanium dioxidehave become known 1).
The Occupational Exposure Standards (OES) for titanium dioxide in the air at the workplace have been setat 3 mg/m3 total respirable dust 2). Titanium dioxide isnot expected to have any mutagenic, carcinogenic, fibrogenic, toxic or allergenic effects if this value is adhered to.
A study by the World Health Organization (WHO) determined that inhaled titanium dioxide behaves in a biologically inert manner 3).
Studies carried out by the US National Cancer Institutereveal that titanium dioxide is not carcinogenic 4). This finding is confirmed by epidemiological studies inEurope and the USA, which demonstrate that the risk ofcancer does not increase as a result of handling titaniumdioxide 5). The IARC (International Agency for Researchon Cancer) was nevertheless obliged to classify titaniumdioxide in IARC Group 2b due to the assessment criteriaapplicable there.
1) H. Valentin, K. H. Schaller: Human biological monitoring of industrialchemicals, 3. Titanium. Commission of the European Communities, EUR 6609, 1980.
2) Data checked by the Titanium Dioxide Manufacturers Association Technical & Environmental Committee, a sector group of CEFIC.
3) Environmental Health Criteria 24, Titanium. World Health Organization, Geneva 1982.
4) Bioassay of Titanium Dioxide for Possible Carcinogenicity: National Cancer Institute, Carcinogenesis Technical Report Series No. 97, 1979. U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare
5) P. Bofetta et al.: Mortality among workers employed in the titanium dioxide production industry in Europe. Cancer Causes and Control 15: 679-706, 2004.
Manufacturing and handling of titanium dioxideComposition
Registrations and standards
Health and safety information
EINECS No.: 236-675-5 titanium dioxideCAS No.: 13463-67-7Colour Index: 77891 Pigment White 6InternationalStandard: ISO 591-2001
The International Standard divides titanium dioxide pigments into two types, which are then classified ingroups:Type A, anatase / Groups A 1, A 2Type R, rutile / Groups R 1, R 2, R 3
18
All the requirements of REACH Regulation1907/2006/EC are met. Pre-registration for KRONOSTiO2 was completed punctually. The Pre-RegistrationNo. - and the Registration No. following registration -
can be found in the current Safety Data Sheet for TiO2.These declarations are valid for all KRONOS locations in Europe.
Laws and regulations defining purity requirements for TiO2 pigments
REACH
Packaging of KRONOS TiO2 pigmentsKRONOS TiO2 are delivered in:� Standard 25 kg bags,� Intermediate Bulk Containers ("Big Bags") holding up to one metric ton titanium dioxide,
� Dry-bulk tankers.
The packaging complies with the requirements of Directive 94/62/EC on packaging and packaging waste.*
I. Colouring of foodstuffs, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals
KRONOS 1171 (titanium dioxide E 171) is intended foruse in these products. It complies with the following purity specifications:
European UnionEU Directives for the harmonisation of regulations in theMember States*
76/768/EEC on cosmetics96/335/EC on the definition of a list and a
common nomenclature of the components of cosmetics
2002/34/EC Annex VII, Part 1, No. 27 = Titanium dioxide as a UV filter
78/25/EEC on substances which may be added to pharmaceuticals for colouring purposes
1333/2008/EC on colorants which may be used in foodstuffs
2008/128/EC on the definition of specific purity criteria for food colorants
2002/178/EC met by HACCP certificate (GMP) to EN ISO 22000
UN
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)WHO (World Health Organisation)
USA
FDA Regulation 21 CFR 73.575 (foodstuffs)FDA Regulation 21 CFR 73.1575 (pharmaceuticals)FDA Regulation 21 CFR 73.2575 (cosmetics)US Pharmacopoeia
II. Colorants for use in packaging material for foodstuffs and in other articles of daily use
All KRONOS titanium dioxide pigments meet the purityrequirements for pigments for colouring such articles.
European UnionEU Directives for the harmonisation of regulations in theMember States*
2002/72/EC on materials and objects made of plastic which are intended to come into contact with foodstuffs
88/378/EEC on the safety of toysEN 71-3 Safety of toys
(Part 3: Migration of certain elements)
USA
FDA Regulation 21 CFR 178.3297 (colorants for polymers)
* In the currently valid version (3/2009)
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KRONOS Titanium DioxideWhite - for a colourful worldwww.kronostio2.com DS
2206E/3
093.0
E
