Grade 7 Science Review

Name____________________Class _________

Unit 1 – Interactions Within the Ecosystems

Key Vocabulary Terms – You should know the meaning of these words:

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Ecology Biosphere OrganismsBiotic Abiotic Micro-organismsPhotosynthesis Cellular Respiration SuccessionProducer Consumers Food PyramidPredator (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary) BioaccumulationDecomposers Scavengers Species Food Chain Food Web Climate/WeatherEcosystem Habitat BiomesNiche Community AdaptationPopulation Organism PreySymbiosis Individual Parasitism Extinct Sustainable development MutualismInvasive species Commensalism Limiting factorsEndangered species Herbivores/Carnivores/Omnivores

At the end of this unit, I am able to do the following: Define the above key vocabulary terms. Identify abiotic and biotic factors in ecosystems.

o Give examples of abiotic and biotic factors that organisms need to live.

State the 6 levels of organization. Define the term Biome, and describe the key characteristics of each biome. in

the world. Describe ecological succession in detail.

o Compare and contrast primary succession and secondary succession.

o Identify signs of succession in a variety of ecosystems. Give examples of human impact on ecosystems (positive and negative).

o Explain sustainable development.o Explain how to protect the habitat of a specific organism.

Explain and compare photosynthesis and cellular respiration.o Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration work in a cycle to

transfer energy in ecosystems. Describe the different roles that organisms play in ecosystems.

o Scavengers, decomposers, producers, consumers, carnivores, omnivores, predators, prey, herbivores, etc.

o Describe the three types of symbiosis: mutualism, parasitism, commensalism

Create and analyze food webs and food chains.o Explain the impact of the loss of organisms in a food web and/or a food

chain. Use and understand how ecological pyramids show energy gained or lost at

various levels of an ecosystemo Explain the process of bioaccumulation within an ecosystem

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a) What is the difference between abiotic and biotic factors?

b) Refer to the diagram below.

i. List all the abiotic factors in the diagram above.

ii. List all the biotic factors in the diagram above.

2. List the six (6) levels of biological organization from smallest to largest.

a) _______________________________

b) _______________________________

c) _______________________________

d) _______________________________

e) _______________________________

f) _______________________________

3. What is the difference between weather and climate?Which information is more useful? Explain your answer.

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4. A) Define the following and provide an example of each of the following.

Producer - ____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________.

Example: _________________________________________

Consumer - ___________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________.

Example:_________________________________________

Primary (1°) consumer - _________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________.

Example:_______________________________

Secondary (2°) consumer - ______________________________________

_____________________________________________________________.

Example: _____________________________

Tertiary (3°) consumer - _________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________.

Example:_______________________________

Carnivore - ____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________.

Example: _________________________________________

Herbivore - ____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________.

Example: _________________________________________

Omnivore - ____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________.

Example: _________________________________________

B) What role do carnivores, herbivores, and omnivores all have in common in an

ecosystem?

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5. Explain how a coyote-rabbit population would be limited because of their predator-prey relationship.

6. a) Define the term symbiosis.

b) The three types of symbiotic relationships are parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism. Define each of these. Provide an example of each type of relationship.Parasitism - ___________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________.

Example: _________________________________________

Mutualism - ___________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________.

Example: _________________________________________

Commensalism - _______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________.

Example: ______________________________________

7. If you found cats, mice, and corn in the same ecosystem, what role would each

be playing in the food chain?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

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8. Draw a food web containing: 2 producers, 4 primary consumers, 2 secondary

consumers and 1 tertiary consumer.

9. Answer the following questions using the diagram below

a) What is the energy source shown in this food web?

b) List all of the producers.

c) List all of the consumers and specify their consumer level:

Primary consumer:

Secondary consumer:

Tertiary consumer:

d) What are the decomposers in the food web?

e) What are the scavengers in the food web?

f) What would be the effect of removing all of the decomposers from a community?

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10.Construct a food pyramid based on the food chain below.

11.a) What is photosynthesis?

b) Write out the chemical equation using the following words:sunlight energy, carbon dioxide, oxygen, sugar, water

→12.a) What is cellular respiration?

b) Write out the chemical equation using the following words:carbon dioxide, energy, oxygen, sugar, water

→

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Unit 2 – Particle Theory of Matter

Key Vocabulary Terms – You should know the meaning of these words:MatterEnergyBoilingEvaporationCondensationFreezing (also known as solidification)SublimationDepositionMelting (also known as fusion)

At the end of this unit, I am able to do the following: Define the above key vocabulary terms. Describe the Particle Theory of Matter. Use the Particle Theory of Matter to explain changes of state. Define boiling and melting point.

o Recognize boiling/melting points as properties of pure substances Explain the effects of heating and cooling on the volume of:

o Solidso Liquidso Gases

1. State the five (5) points of the Particle Theory of Matter.

1._______________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

2._______________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

3._______________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

4._______________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

5._______________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

2. Draw the particle composition of a solid, liquid, and a gas in the diagram below. Be sure to show speed and spacing of particles in each state of matter.

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3. Fill in the following chart using “fixed or definite” (stays the same) or “not fixed or variable” (changes).

Solid Liquid GasMass

Volume

Shape

4. Refer to the “changes of state triangle” below. Complete the chart below by identifying the state change occurring on each labelled arrow. Also indicate if the state change requires a gain or a loss of heat energy.

5. Identify the changes of state in the examples below.

Condensation, Evaporation, Freezing, Melting, Sublimation, Deposition, Boiling

a) On a warm spring day, snow melts. This is an example of ___________________________

b) On the hottest day of summer, water is sprayed on your roof. This is an example of ___________________________

c) On a cold day in winter, frost develops on your car windshield. This is an example of ___________________________

d) A summer storm causes rain to fall. This is an example of ___________________________

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Labelled arrow

Change of State Gain or Loss of Heat Energy

ABCDEF

Unit 3 – Heat Transfer

Key Vocabulary Terms – You should know the meaning of these words:Heat Insulator Kinetic EnergyEnergy Conductor Potential EnergyTemperature Conduction Thermal EnergyContract Convection Thermal Pollution Expand Radiation Cogeneration Kelvin Scale Celsius Scale Absolute Zero

At the end of this unit, I am able to do the following: Define the above key vocabulary terms. Explain the difference between heat and temperature. Explain how heat can be transferred through solids, liquids and gases

o Conductiono Convectiono Radiation

Describe everyday uses of insulators and conductors Compare potential, kinetic and thermal energy

1. Use the Particle Theory to explain:a) Why hydroelectric wires and telephone wires sag in the summer.

b) Why the mercury/alcohol in a thermometer falls in cold weather.

2. Compare and contrast heat and temperature.

3. Identify the following temperatures in degrees Celsius.a) Water freezes at __________b) Water boils at __________c) Standard room temperature is __________d) Body temperature is __________

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4. In each situation below, which object has more thermal energy? In which object are the particles moving the fastest (highest kinetic energy)?

a) a cup of boiling water or a snowman

b) a 375 ml can of Pepsi that has been sitting in the refrigerator, or a 375 ml can of Pepsi that been sitting in your locker

5. What is the difference between an insulator and a conductor?

6. a) State the differences between conduction, convection, and radiation.

b) Explain how soup on the stove is heated using both conduction and convection.

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7. Using the words provided below, label the lettered section of the cooling curve.

liquid solid gasfreezing condensation

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8. Make a line graph to show the following information:

HEATING CURVE OF WATER

Time Temp(°C)0 01 02 03 24 75 166 307 448 589 7210 8611 9712 10013 10014 100

9. Using information from your graph in question 9, answer the following questions:a) Between which temperatures is melting taking place?

b) Describe what is happening from 3 minutes to 11 minutes on your graph?

c) Why is there a plateau in your graph from 11 to 14 minutes?What is the name of the change of state at this point?

d) What is the melting temperature of this substance?

e) What is the boiling temperature of this substance?

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Unit 4 – Mixtures and Solutions

Key Vocabulary Terms – You should know the meaning of these words:Energy Saturated Supersaturated Heterogeneous Mixture Unsaturated ConcentratedHomogeneous Mixture Dilute Pure SubstanceSolutions Soluble InsolubleSolute DistillationSolventSolubility

At the end of this unit, I am able to do the following: Define the above key vocabulary terms. Define and draw pure substances and mixtures. Explain the differences between the two types of mixtures:

o Homogeneous Mixtures (ie Solutions)o Heterogeneous Mixtures (ie Mechanical mixtures)

Classify daily life substances as pure substances, solutions or mechanical mixtures.

Identify solutes and solvents in common solid, liquid and gaseous solutions. Describe solutions using the Particle Theory of Matter. Explain the factors that affect solubility. Define descriptions of solutions as dilute or concentrated Explain the difference between saturated and unsaturated solutions Explain different methods of separating mixtures:

o Distillation, chromatography, evaporation, sieving, dissolving, filtration, decanting, magnetism, sedimentation, sifting

1. What is the difference between a pure substance and a mixture?

2. a) Describe the difference between a homogenous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture.

b) Describe the difference between a solute and a solvent.

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3. c) Classify each mixture as either homogeneous or heterogeneous.Mixture Homogeneous

or Heterogeneous

Solute (only if homogeneous)

Solvent (only if homogeneous)

Salad DressingIced TeaSandPizzaSalt WaterBlack coffeeSpriteSoil

4. Explain why the following statements are incorrect.

a) If a solution is saturated at 20° C, then it will be saturated at 25°C.

b) Oil is soluble in water.

c) When some solvent evaporates, a solution becomes more dilute.

d) A solute is always solid.

5. State and explain three (3) factors that affect the rate of dissolving.

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Unit 5 – Forces and Structures

Key Vocabulary Terms – You should know the meaning of these words:Frame structure Dead Load VectorsMass structure Magnitude Live LoadShell structure Point of ApplicationCentre of gravity Plane of ApplicationStability EfficiencyBalance StressTorsion ArchTension TieCompression Strut/BraceShear CorrugationInternal Force LaminationExternal Force CantileverStructural fatigue Structural failure

At the end of this unit, I am able to do the following: Define the above key vocabulary terms. Classify structures as solid, frame, or shell structures. Explain why the centre of gravity of a structure determines whether the

structure is stable or unstable. Identify internal forces acting on a structure. Include:

o Compressiono Tensiono Shearo Torsion

Identify external forces acting on a structure (include diagrams and vectors) Describe examples of stress that can lead to structural fatigue or failure. Describe how the magnitude, direction, and point and plane of

application of external forces affects the stability of a structure. Describe how loads could produce the following internal forces:

compression, tension, torsion, and shear. Describe techniques and devices that can be used to strengthen structures. Determine the efficiency of a structure by comparing its mass to the mass of

its loadUse formula: Efficiency = Maximum mass of load

mass of structure

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1. Give an example of the following:

a) Mass structure: ______________________________b) Frame

structure:___________________________________c) Shell

structure:____________________________________

2. Give an example of each type of force: a. Torsion: ____________________________________b. Tension: ____________________________________c. Shear: ____________________________________d. Compression: ____________________________________

3. a) Define the centre of gravity.

b) Describe two ways a structure can be made more stable.

4. a) Explain or draw a diagram of ties, gussets, braces, and arches.

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5. Which of the following bridge specifications would be the most efficient and most effective to build?(Assume that both bridges use the same types of materials).

Use the formula (show your work in the space provided) Structural efficiency = Maximum mass of the load Mass of structure

Bridge Maximum Mass Mass of Structure

Structural Efficiency

#1 100 kg 10 kg

#2 100 kg 50 kg

6. You continuously exert forces on structures in your daily life. Identify an example of each type of internal and external force.

Force Internal or External? ExampleTension

Dead loadCompression

TorsionLive load

Shear

7. Explain what strategy you would use to help keep you stable during a tug of war.

8. Freestanding lamps are easily pushed or pulled over by toddlers. Describe two ways that a lamp could be more stable. Use centre of gravity in your answer.

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Unit 6 – Earth’s Crust

Key Vocabulary Terms – You should know the meaning of these words:Igneous Rock CementationMagma TransportationMinerals LavaRocks Intrusive Igneous RockLustre Extrusive Igneous RockColour DepositionStreak Weathering (mechanical, biological, chemical)Hardness Porous rockCleavage Sedimentary RockFracture SedimentsMagnetism Plate tectonics Metamorphic rock Continental drift Compression Pangea Inner core Outer coreMantle Crust Rock cycle Divergent, Convergent and Transform

At the end of this unit, I am able to do the following: Define the above key vocabulary terms. Describe the four (4) layers of the Earth’s structure. Distinguish between rocks and minerals. Classify rocks and minerals by their characteristics and how they were

formed. Classify rocks by the way they are formed

o Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic Describe the different types of weathering:

o Physicalo Biologicalo Chemical

Explain the rock cycle Describe evidence used to support the continental drift theory

o Explain why this theory was not fully acceptable Describe evidence used to support the theory of plate tectonics. Include:

o The type of technology used to develop the theoryo Reasons it is generally accepted by scientists

Explain geological processes and events using the theory of plate tectonics. Include:

o Mountain formationo Earthquakeso Volcanoes

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1. a) Label the diagram of the structure of the Earth.

b) Even though the inner layer of the Earth is extremely hot, the inner core is solid. What is the reason for this?

2. Explain the difference between a rock and a mineral.

3. Describe three (3) properties that all minerals have in common.

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4. a) List the five (5) tests that are used to tell minerals apart.

5.

6. Label the diagram of the rock cycle using the words provided. You will need to use some terms more than once!Pressure & heat Cooling

Melting SedimentMagma Weathering

cementation

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7. State the three (3) types of weathering and give one (1) example of.each.

8. a) Explain how sedimentary rocks are formed. Be sure to use the words compaction, erosion, cementation, and deposition in your explanation.

b) Why are fossils only found in sedimentary rocks?

9. Explain the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rock.

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10. Explain how igneous rocks are formed.

11.Explain how the conditions deep inside the Earth play an important role in the formation of metamorphic rocks.

12.Describe the difference between convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries.

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13.Describe the following theories regarding the earth’s crust:a) Pangaea

b) Continental Drift

c) Plate Tectonics

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