Grade 4

Forms of EnergySound Energy

Big Idea 10SC.4.P.10.1 & SC.4.P.10.2 & SC.4.P.10.3Pacing Guide – Quarter 2 Topic 7 & 8

10/28-11/22

Keisha Kidd, Curriculum Support SpecialistMary Tweedy, Curriculum Support Specialist

Millard Lightburn, District Supervisor

Department of Mathematics and ScienceOffice of Academics and Transformation

Benchmark Descriptions

• SC.4.P.10.1 – Observe and describe some basic forms of energy, including light, heat, sound, electrical, and the energy of motion.

• SC.4.P.10.2 – Investigate and describe that energy has the ability to cause motion or create change.

• SC.4.P.10.3 – Investigate and explain that sound is produced by vibrating objects and that pitch depends on how fast or slow the object vibrates.

What is Energy?

• Energy is the ability to do work.

• Energy is the ability to cause a change.

Energy can change an object’s: motion shape temperature color

Forms of Energy

• Electrical• Light• Chemical• Sound• Heat/Thermal• Solar• Wind

• Water• Nuclear• Plant & Animal bodies• Mechanical:

kineticpotential

Forms of Energy

Energy Forms• Heat/thermal• Electrical • Chemical

• Nuclear• Mechanical:

potentialkinetic

• Light /Radiant

What Happens?• Objects warm. Food cooks. • Lights on. / Machines run.• Organisms move and grow. • Flashlights light up.• Generates electricity.

• Sled sits on top of a hill.• Sled slides down the hill.• Plants grow. / Lasers cut.

Basic Forms of EnergyMatch up

Energy Forms

1. Sound2. Electrical 3. Heat/thermal4. kinetic5. Light

What Happens?

A. Objects warm. Food cooks. B. Lights on. / Machines run.C. Matter vibrates.D. Plants grow. / Humans seeE. Sled slides down the hill.

Energy cannot be made or destroyedEnergy can move from one object to another. < <

Energy can change from one form to another.

What is electrical energy?

• A form of energy that is produced when electrons move from one place to another.

• Electrons are particles that are in the space around the nucleus of an atom.

• The forces of attraction and repulsion make electrons move.

https://www.pearsonsuccessnet.com/snpapp/login/login.jsp

http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter02.html

What is light?

• Light is something that allows us to see objects.

• Light is a form of energy. • Light is produced by the vibrations of

electrically charged particles.

Where Does Light Come From?

Produced By

Nuclear reactionsElectricityElectricityChemical reactions &ElectricityChemical energy

Sources of Light

SunCeiling LightsLight bulbs/lampsFlashlight

Candle flame

How does light travel?

• Light travels in a straight path.• Light doesn’t travel through all objects. These are classified as opaque.

What can happen when light hits an opaque object?

• Light can be absorbed and changed to heat.

• Light can bounce off or be reflected.

Properties of Light

• Objects that let all light pass through them:

transparent • Objects that let some light pass through

them are: translucentSound, Heat, and Light

Light Changes Direction

• Light bends or refracts as it passes from one medium (form of matter: solid, liquid or gas) to another.

• Refraction of Light Virtual Tutorial

What Color is Light?Write down responses in your notebook.

• Problem: What happens when we shine a flashlight on a CD?

• Hypothesis:• Test and Observe: • Conclusion:• As the light passes through the small ridges on shiny surface of

the CD the white light breaks or separates into the colors of the rainbow.

More on Bending Light

White light includes all the colors of the rainbow - ROY G BIV.

How a Prism Works

Light, Prisms and the Rainbow Connection Activity

What is Thermal Energy?

• Thermal energy is the total of all the kinetic and potential energy of the atoms in an object.• When any form of matter gets warmer, the kinetic energy of its atoms increases.• The object’s particles move faster, so its thermal energy

increases.• A change in thermal energy can lead to a change in phase or

state of matter.• Temperature is a measure of thermal energy.

How Does Heat Move?

• Thermal energy flows from warmer substances to cooler substances.

• Heat can be transferred from one object to another.

Department of Mathematics and Science

SOUND

SC.4.P.10.3 – Investigate and explain that sound is produced by vibrating objects and that pitch depends on how fast or slow the

object vibrates.

What is Sound?https://www.pearsonsuccessnet.com/snpapp/login/login.jsp

• Sound is a form of energy produced by a vibration or a back and forth movement of an object.• Sound is a wave of vibrations that spread from its

source of its matter.• The more vibrations the waves have, the more energy,

the louder the sound.• The faster the vibrations or the frequency, the higher

the sound.• How high or low a sound is called the pitch.

Sound Travels• Sound travels in waves.• Sound must travel through matter to be heard.• Remember: Matter can be a solid, a liquid, or

a gas.• A sound is made when things vibrate.• Sound travels by sending vibrations through

matter.

Let’s Explore!Sound Energy Stations

Exploring SoundWhat did you hear?

Station #1 -How does sound travel through solids?Station #2 -How does sound travel through liquids?Station #3 -How does sound travel through gases?Station #4- How can you make different sounds with

a ruler?Station #5 -How is sound made?Station #6 –Good Vibrations!

Reflection: What do you know about sound now?

Sound Travels Through MatterGases

Most of the sounds we hear travel through gases, such as air.

Sound waves travel slowly through the air.

For example: Sound from a bell, a horn, or an alarm clock travels through the air.

LiquidsSome sounds that we hear travel through water.

Sound waves travel a faster through water than through the air.

Sonar is the way to use sounds to locate objects under water.

What animals use sonar?

SolidsSome sounds that we hear travel through solids.

Sound waves travel very fast through solids.

For example: When you hit a drum, it vibrates, then the sound travels through the air, to your ears.

In which state of matter, gas, liquid, or solid does sound travel

the best?• Sound travels the fastest and is heard the best through solids.Sound travels the fastest and is heard the best through solids.• Sound travels the slowest and is the quietest when traveling through gases.Sound travels the slowest and is the quietest when traveling through gases.• Sound travels at different speeds in different states of matter/materials.Sound travels at different speeds in different states of matter/materials.• Can sound travel in a vacuum? Explain.Can sound travel in a vacuum? Explain. https://www.pearsonsuccessnet.com/snpapp/login/login.jsp

• https://www.pearsonsuccessnet.com/snpapp/login/login.jsp

Sound makes the air vibrate.

• For sound to be heard, sound vibrations must have air or some other kind of matter to travel through.

• You cannot hear sound in outer space because there is no air or other matter to carry sound vibrations.

• How do you think astronauts are able to talk each other in outer space?

Sound can also be blocked.

THINK: Why do some people wear ear coverings?

Cover your ears!• Some people who work near loud Some people who work near loud

machines wear ear coverings.machines wear ear coverings.• The coverings block some of the sound The coverings block some of the sound

vibrations from reaching the ears.vibrations from reaching the ears.• The ear coverings protect your ears from The ear coverings protect your ears from

the noise.the noise.• Have you ever covered your ears? Why?Have you ever covered your ears? Why?

How do we make sounds?

• We use our vocal cords to make sounds in our throat.

• When we speak, our vocal cords vibrate.• Place your hand on your throat when

you talk, and you can feel the vocal cords vibrate.

Loudness or Volume• Volume is the loudness or the softness of a

sound.• Loud sounds use a lot of energy.• Soft sounds use a little energy.• Example: The harder a drum is hit, the more

the drum will vibrate . The more an object vibrates, the louder the sound it makes.

Pitch• Pitch is the highest or lowest sound an

object makes.• Objects that vibrate slowly, make a low

pitch. Example-drum.• Objects that vibrate quickly, make a

higher pitch. Example-recorder

Music

• Music is a combination or sequences of sounds that people enjoy listening to.

• Musical instruments make different sounds by plucking the strings.

• The shorter the string, the quicker it vibrates producing a high sound.

• The longer the string, the slower it vibrates producing a low sound.

ENERGY INTERACTIVE ONLINE RESOURCES:ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT: HTTP://WWW.CHILDRENSUNIVERSITY.MANCHESTER.AC.UK/INTERACTIVES/SCIENCE/ENERGYSCIENCE FOR KIDS: SOUND AND HEARING HTTP://ACSWEBCONTENT.ACS.ORG/SCIENCEFORKIDS/INDEX.HTML#SOUNDENERGY VIDEOS AND MORE:THE ENERGY STORY: HTTP://ENERGYQUEST.CA.GOV/STORY/INDEX.HTMLMECHANICAL ENERGY (ANIMATION) HTTP://APP.DISCOVERYEDUCATION.COM/PLAYER/?ASSETGUID=2768797E-A7A0-45F5-B7A4-812CD3422F7D&FROMMYDE=0&ISPRINTERFRIENDLY=0&PROVIDER=&ISLESSONFROMHEALTH=0&PRODUCTCODE=DETB&ISASSIGNED=FALSE&INCLUDEHEADER=YES&HOMEWORKGUID=ENERGY HTTP://WWW.ENERGYEDUCATION.TX.GOV/ENERGY/SECTION_1/TOPICS/INDEX.HTMKIDS AND ENERGY HTTP://WWW.KIDS.ESDB.BG/INDEX.HTMLDISCOVERY EDUCATION RESOURCES:FUNDAMENTAL: ENERGY MAKES IT HAPPENEXPLORATION: FORMS OF ENERGYE-BOOK: FORMS OF ENERGYVIDEO: SOURCES OF ENERGYVIDEO: WHAT IS LIGHT?HTTP://IMAGES.SEARCH.YAHOO.COMHTTP://OFFICE.MICROSOFT.COM/CLIPART

Resources (Click on or copy and paste links to access websites)