Unit 1 Review: Biodiversity

Topics:

Living vs. Non-living o LIVING – respire, reproduce, movement of molecules, grow, respond to

environment, require energy, excrete waste, metabolism (chemical reactions)o Viruses

Non-living → don’t grow, don’t reproduce by themselves, no cells made of protein shells

Made of: unique protein cell, plus DNA/RNA Pathogens – cause disease, are PARASITIC with host cell Methods of classification

Shapeo Polyhedral ex: polio o Spherical ex: HIVo Cylinder ex: tobacco mosaic viruso Head + tail ex: T4 virus (infects E.coli)

Diseases that it causes Type of host cell Type of nucleic acid

o DNA or RNA o Single vs double stranded; linear vs. circular

Method of replicationo Lysogenic vs Lytic Cycleso Lytic Cycle – phage DNA is replicated with help of host cell

machinery Attachment Injection Replication Assembly

o Lysogenic Cycle Attachment Injection Integration Cell division In some conditions will start lytic cycle (chemicals

or UV light) Examples

Rhinovirus – common cold HPV – human papilloma viruses Corona viruses – cold virus, SARS Herpes - chickenpox, shingle

Uses????? Classification

o Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes (cell type) PROKARYOTES = bacteria cells → (kingdoms) archabacteria and

eubacteria

EUKARYOTES = protests, algae, plants, animalso Domains – 3 domains

Bacteria –unicellular, prokaryotic, cells wall have peptidogylcan, 1 kingdom = Eubacteria. makes its own food or eats other organisms

Archea – unicellular, prokaryotic, cell walls w/o peptidoglycan, 1 kingdom = Archaebacteria , makes its own food or eats other organisms

Eukarya – can be future classified to 4 kingdoms = Protistia, fungi, Plantae, Animalia

o Taxonomy - science of naming, identifying, and classifying species Dumb Kids Playing Catch On Freeway Get Smashed

Domain – Bacteria, Archea or Eukarya Kingdom – Eubacteria, Archaebacteria or Protistia, Fungi, Plantae,

Animalia Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

o Dichotomous Key (purpose? how to use? how to create?)o Binomial Nomenclature (what is it? purpose?)

Made by Linnaeus, two part naming system, 1rst being the genus and the second the name of the species

o Modern classification ??

Bacteria (archeabacteria & eubacteria)o Classification methods

Cell Shape Spherical – multiple cocci Rod shape – multiple bacilli ex: E Coli Spiral shaped – multiple spirochetes ex: lyme disease

Cell Wall Structure Cell wall outside cell membrane

o Mostly peptioglycan (thick coat of sugar)o Some peptioglycan then extra membrane

Motility Lack all movement Use flagella Spiral-shaped use corkscrew motion Or use other factor/organism to travel (glide on slimy mucous)

o Diagrams PG32 o Get nutrition

Heterotroph – from environment, or eating other organisms ex: E. coli Photoautotroph – sunlight ex: cyanobacteria Photoheterotroph – Heterotroph + Photoautotroph Chemoheterotroph - energy from chem. reactions

o Reproduction Binary fission (like mitosis)

SEXUAL Transformation – DNA pieces from environment Conjunction – 2 cells temporarily join and exchange DNA. Involves

plasmids Transduction – get from bacteriaphages which carry genes from

one cell and inject to otherso Role

can cause diseases like TB, or STDS more harmless though – break down food in intestines, cycle nutrients in

biosphere, decompose organic matter, convert nitrogen gas from atmosphere into nitrogen compounds for plants

o ENDOSPORE? Protists

o Classification methods; diagrams o Reproductiono Examples & role/importanceo Applications & climate change

Fungio Classification ; diagramso Reproductiono Examples & role/importanceo Applications & climate change

Plantso Classification; pictureso Reproduction o Examples & role/importanceo Applications & climate change

Animalso Classification o Examples for each phylum (body support/movement & nervous tissue)o Vertebrates

Human Impact on Biodiversityo Habitat losso Invasive specieso Pollutiono Overexploitationo Climate change (which is also specific at the end of each kingdom section)

Test Format: Multiple Choice (knowledge/understanding) Diagrams (knowledge/understanding, communication) Interpretation (thinking/inquiry questions) Short Answers/Long Answer (communication, application)