FIG Congress 2010 Facing the Challenges – Building the Capacity Sydney, Australia, 11‐16 April 2010  1

Larry Hothem Senior Physical Scientist

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior

XXIV International Congress 2010 Sydney, NSW, Australia

15 April 2010

GPS Modernization Program Update and

GNSS International Cooperation

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Overview

• Policy • GPS – Present Status • Modernization Program • GNSS International Cooperation • Summary

GPS Modernization Program Update and GNSS International Cooperation

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FIG Congress 2010 Facing the Challenges – Building the Capacity Sydney, Australia, 11‐16 April 2010  2

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Supporting Power Grid Systems

Power Grids

Substations

Wireless Internet

Stock Exchanges

Banks/ Nodes

Supporting Transportation Systems

Supporting Banking Operations

Internet Banking

ATM Networks

C2 Centers

Rail Yards Switching Towers

& Signals

Access GIS / Map

Energy Plants

GPS

Extent of GPS Dependencies

Air Traffic Control Ship Routing

Relay Position To 911 Dispatch

Comms Networks

Supporting Communications Systems

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A government body created by national policy in December 2004, to coordinate the U.S. Space-Based Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) enterprise

across multiple Federal agencies. Coordination activities includes:

Promoting government-wide coordination & information sharing

Review and assessment of programs and activities

Coordination of budgets across multiple agencies

Conducting or overseeing national-level studies

Supporting international cooperation and outreach

Educating the public about program and policies

Space-Based Positioning Navigation and Timing National Executive Committee

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FIG Congress 2010 Facing the Challenges – Building the Capacity Sydney, Australia, 11‐16 April 2010  3

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Executive Committee Activities

• Program Coordination • Five-Year National Plan

• GPS modernization

• Civil GPS funding

• Semi-codeless GPS transition

• Nationwide Differential GPS

• Distress Alerting Satellite

System

• International Cooperation • Bilateral

• Multilateral

• Spectrum Management • Interference Detection and

Mitigation Plan

• Spectrum protection plan

• Outreach • Publications, websites

• Educational exhibits

• Conferences, workshops,

other venues

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FIG Congress 2010 Facing the Challenges – Building the Capacity Sydney, Australia, 11‐16 April 2010  4

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U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy

• Provide GPS and augmentations free of direct user fees on a continuous, worldwide basis

• Provide open, free access to information needed to develop user equipment

• Improve performance of GPS and augmentations

• Seek to ensure international systems are interoperable with civil GPS and augmentations or, at a minimum, are compatible

Policy stability and transparency improve industry confidence and investment

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• Very robust constellation

• 30 satellites currently in operation

• 11 GPS IIA

• 12 GPS IIR

• 7 GPS IIR-M

• 4 additional satellites in residual status

• 1 additional IIR-M - pending to be set

healthy

• Global GPS civil service performance commitment - met continuously since December 1993

• Next GPS Launch – IIF-1, May 2010

GPS – Current Status

FIG Congress 2010 Facing the Challenges – Building the Capacity Sydney, Australia, 11‐16 April 2010  5

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• Second civil signal “L2C” • Meet commercial needs

• Higher accuracy through ionospheric correction

• 1st launch: Sep 2005 (GPS IIR-M); 24 satellites: ~2016

• Third civil signal “L5” • Meet demanding requirements for transportation safety-of-life

• 1st launch: ~ 2010 (GPS IIF); 24 satellites: ~2018

• Fourth civil signal “L1C” • Designed with international partners for GNSS interoperability

• Begins with GPS Block III

• 1st launch: ~2014; 24 satellites: ~2021

GPS Modernization – New Civil Signals

FIG Congress 2010 Facing the Challenges – Building the Capacity Sydney, Australia, 11‐16 April 2010  6

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GPS – Spectrum

RNSS Band RNSS Band RNSS Band

P(Y) C/A

L5

M L2C

L1C

L1 L2 L5

Block IIA 1990

Block III, 2014

Block IIR-M, 2005

Block IIF, 2010

Since Dec 2005 (7 SVs)

(artist’s concept)

First SV, May 2010

Previous

L1C

Block IIR 1997

1575.42 1227.6

-250

-240

-230

-220

Pow

er S

pect

rum

(dB

W/H

z)

Frequency (MHz)

L2 L1

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GPS III Incremental Approach

Legacy signals plus: Military Code, L5, L2C, flex power

Previous capabilities plus: 5-10 dB increase in M Code, L1C, civil signal monitoring

Previous capabilities plus: Secure directional crosslinks

Previous capabilities plus: +20 dB regional spot beam for increased anti jam performance

Block IIIC OCX Block IV Block IIIB

OCX Block III Block IIIA OCX Block II

Block IIA, IIR, IIR-M, IIF OCX Block I

Synchronized capabilities

Increasing performance

FIG Congress 2010 Facing the Challenges – Building the Capacity Sydney, Australia, 11‐16 April 2010  7

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• The US is actively engaged with other GNSS providers – To ensure RF compatibility in increasingly

crowded GNSS bands

– To maximize interoperability through use of common civil signals (e.g. L1C)

– Bi-lateral meetings with Galileo, QZSS, GLONASS, Compass, IRNSS (India), and others

Cooperation with other GNSS

FIG Congress 2010 Facing the Challenges – Building the Capacity Sydney, Australia, 11‐16 April 2010  8

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International Committee on GNSS (ICG) & Providers Forum – (1 of 2)

• ICG purpose: – Promote the use and integration of GNSS into infrastructures – Encourage compatibility and interoperability among global and regional GNSS

• ICG Members: – GNSS Providers (U.S., EU, Russia, China, India and Japan) – International organizations, such as FIG and IAG – International associations

http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/SAP/gnss/icg.html

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International Committee on GNSS (ICG) & Providers Forum – (2 of 2)

• ICG conferences held annually – U.S. hosted ICG-3 in Pasadena, CA, December 2008

– Russia hosted ICG-4 in St. Petersburg, September 2009

– Italy is hosting ICG-5 in Turin, October 2010

• ICG Providers Forum enables: – Focused discussions on compatibility and

interoperability

– Encouraging development of systems complementing GPS and other GNSS systems

http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/SAP/gnss/icg.html

FIG Congress 2010 Facing the Challenges – Building the Capacity Sydney, Australia, 11‐16 April 2010  9

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L5 1176.45 MHz

E5a 1176.45 MHz

E5b 1207.14 MHz

L2 1227.6 MHz

E6 1278.75 MHz

L1 1575.42 MHz

L1 1575.42 MHz

1242.9375- 1248.625 MHz

1598.0625- 1605.375 MHz

GLONASS

GALILEO

GPS P(Y) P(Y) P(Y) P(Y) P(Y) P(Y) P(Y) P(Y) P(Y) P(Y) P(Y) P(Y) C/A

M M M M M M M M M M M M P(Y) P(Y) P(Y) P(Y) P(Y) P(Y) P(Y) P(Y) P(Y) P(Y) P(Y) P(Y) C/A C/A C/A C/A

Current International GNSS Frequency Bands and Signals

Future CDMA signal

SBAS SBAS

Compass & IRNSS In S-band

L1C

M

L5 1176.45 MHz

L2 1227.6 MHz

LEX 1278.75 MHz

L1 1575.42 MHz

QZSS IRNSS QZSS

L5 1176.45 MHz

L2 1227.6 MHz

E6 1278.75 MHz

L1 1575.42 MHz

Compass

(Japan) (Japan)

(China)

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• US program and National Space-Based PNT policy - providing stable foundation for continued market innovation - GPS modernization program – offering further improved service - National PNT Executive Committee actively involved in policy

implementation

• Consistent improvements - through constellation management - 30-satellite GPS constellation with best accuracy ever

• GNSS use continues to expand - many new emerging applications - GPS playing a primary role

• International Committee on GNSS (ICG) - serving as very effective foundation for international cooperation

among all GNSS providers

Summary

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FIG Congress 2010 Facing the Challenges – Building the Capacity Sydney, Australia, 11‐16 April 2010  10

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GPS Modernization Program Update and GNSS International Cooperation

THANK YOU

Washington, D.C. WWW.PNT.GOV

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