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GPS IN AFRICA2005-2010
Christine Amory-MazaudierLPP/UMPC/Polytechnique/CNRS
christine [email protected]
ISWI meetingEGYPT 6-10, November 2010
Outlines
• IHY project 2005-2009– Training on GPS and Space weather / Schools
» Conclusion n°1
– GPS network» Conclusions n°2a , n°2b
– Training and Research/ PhD » Conclusion n°3
• ISWI project 2010-2012
• Use of GPS for ionospheric studies -> review presented in COSPAR available -> out of the scope of this paper.
• IHY PROJECT • 2005-2009IHY PROJECT in AFRICA
2005-2009
ISOC chaired byTim Fuller-Rowell (NOAA)
Sunanda Basu (Boston University)
Inquiry of interest : Answers
Countries•Benin 1•Burkina Faso 1•Cameroon 2•Ivory Coast 1•Egypt 1•Ethiopia 1•France 3•Kenya 1•Nigeria 3•Republic C.A 1•Senegal 1•South Africa 1•Tunisia 1•RDC 1•Zambia 1
•15 countries/14 in Africa 20
Scientific topics
•Atmospheric studies 8/ (8 scientists)•Low atmosphere Troposphere (7)
»Water content ->»Assimilation of data -> models »Thermodynamics
•Upper Atmosphere (1)»Thermospheric winds
•Ionospheric studies 16/ (13 scientists)
•Scintillations (2)•TEC, Electronic densities, F layer (2)•Ionospheric disturbances, magnetic storms, equatorial anomaly (1)•Tides, waves (1)•Assimilation of data -> IRI model, models (2)•Flares (1)•Study of Ionosphere (7),
•Geodesy 2/ (2 scientists)
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Existing Sites UN IHY Sites Other/collaboration
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Existing Sites UN IHY Sites Other/collaborationExisting SitesExisting Sites UN IHY SitesUN IHY Sites Other/collaborationOther/collaboration
IHY GPS NETWORKS
SCINDA -> Scintillation Network Decision Aidwww.fas.org/spp/military/program/nssrm/initiatives/scinda.htmKeith GROVES -> e.mail : [email protected]
CAPE VERDE JULY 2006Participants from Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Côte d’Ivoire, Congo, NigeriaCameroun ….
SCINDA NETWORK => organisation of schools in the framework of the project
AMMA network -> Olivier [email protected]’à fin 2010/until end of 2010
Tamanrasset -> protocole with the CRAAG
AMMA data -> IGS in 2 yearsfree for everybody
http://www.amma-international.org
IHY GPS NETWORKS
SCHOOLSorganized in the framework of AMMA project
Meeting in Addis Abbaba 2007 : Decisions120 participants/72 African scientists
N° 1 TRAINING on GPS and Space Weather• ICTP school -> earlier 2009 senior scientists, post graduate, students
• A. Marhous (Egypt/Africa)• S. Radicella ( ok ICTP/Europe) (March 23-April 9 2009 / April 2010)• P. Doherty (USA/America)
• UN schools• Morocco (ok GNSS training started on October 19, 2010 -> 9
months)• Nigeria (ok November 2009 …)
• National Schools : South-Africa (ok), Ethiopia (ok), Kenya (oK)
• Training in the frame of a project• SCINDA (ok the last in Kenya, July 2010)• GIRGEA (ok Congo Brazzaville December 2009 – Egypt
September2010)
• Individual training .GIRGEA (ok ENST France July 2010 Burkina Faso, Congo Brazzaville
Côte d’Ivoire)
~50 participants from 9 countries Cote d’Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria,
Uganda, Zambia
ICTP School/ Pat Doherty and S Radicella
~ 30 students from Congo Brazzaville, RDC, Ivory Coast
BRAZZAVILLE December 2-11 , 2009 LOC chaired by : Bienvenue DINGA
French spoken school
Conclusion n°1
• Concerning training on GPS or participation to workshop, we are successfull
• Request for schools in French
24 countries/54 countries in AfricaAlgeria, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cameroon,
Congo Brazzaville,Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Lybia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, R.D.C., Senegal, South Africa,
Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia
+ 3 countriesGabon,Mali,RCA
GPS NetworksDecisions ->Addis Ababa 2007
45 GPS + 6 => 47
Development of GPS network over AFRICA
-To increase the existing permanent GPS networks or install new network-* SCINDA-* IGS-* AGREES-To maintain the AMMA GPS network after 2009
-To develop national networks-* South Africa-* Nigeria-* others African countries
UNITED NATIONS
GPS Networks involved in IHY
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Existing Sites UN IHY Sites Other/collaboration
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210E 240E 270E 300E 330E 0 30E 60E 90E 120E 150E
Existing Sites UN IHY Sites Other/collaborationExisting SitesExisting Sites UN IHY SitesUN IHY Sites Other/collaborationOther/collaboration
AMMA GPS networkis still operating
SCINDA GPS network was increased
AGREES GPS network was not financed
NATIONAL PERMANENT NETWORKS
not involved in IHY
• Egypt 9• Morroco 12 (dual ?)• South Africa ~40• Benin 6• Future -> Burkina Faso 9
(financed)• Future -> Niger 9
(financed)
• Réseaux de GPS / GPS networks• Sur Internet pour tous/ On the web for
all• IGS• http://sopac.ucsd.edu• http://cddis.gsfc.nasa.gov or http://
igs.ensg.ign.fr• NOAA et UNAVCO• http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS• http://www.unvaco.org
To update
+9+12
+9
Conclusion n°2a
• Concerning permanent GPS networks in AFRICA
• Necessity to work with other scientific communities which are increasing their GPS networks
• IGS 19 AMMA 6• UNAVCO 10 SCINDA
9?• NGS/NOAA/CORS 10 OTHER 2• TRIGNET South Africa ~40• Egypt 9• Morocco 12 (type?)• Future Niger and Burkina Faso 18• Total 109 + 17
Conclusion 2b
• We do not succeed:• to have the data in real time on the web• To share the data with all• The exchanges of data are made through
agreements
Training and Research : examples
GIRGEABurkina Faso
1 professor, 1 scientist, 6 students Congo Brazzaville
1 scientistCôte d’Ivoire
4 professors, 3 scientists, 6 studentsEgypte
1 professor, A scientist 13 studentsRDC
1 scientist, Vietnam
1 professor, 1 scientist, 6 students
• Necessity of co -directors of PhD from other countries
Work in an International Laboratory :International programmes
Observation of the whole planet (satellite and ground measurements)
Many data bases with gap in specific areas
Missinginstruments
Instruments
No Experiment inspecific area
Large data bases with a good coverage of the whole planetThere is a necessity for global studies in Earth’s environment
We organize Campaigns of measurements at places where data are missing
Work in an International Laboratory : LWBTo share data and knowledge
•Personnel in an open structure of existing laboratories
Scientistsstudents
Scientistsstudents
Scientistsstudents
Scientistsstudents
L1
L2L3
L4Scientistsstudents L5
1 studentL6
1 scientist
L7
Research managing team Communicating informations (letter) Driving individuals, Solving problems
Burkina Faso/Space Science
• 1 Professor from Burkina Faso (F. Ouattara) and 6 students
• Professors from other countries• Pr A. Elias, /Argentina -> Long term variation of
ionosphere• Pr M. Lehuy , IGP/Vietnam -> GPS studies• Pr A. Richmond, NCAR/USA -> TIEGCM model• Pr J. Richardson, MIT/USA -> Solar Physics• Pr R. Fleury, ENST/ France -> GPS signal processing• Pr J-P. Legrand, INSU/France -> Geomagnetism and solar
actvity, History of Geophysics• Pr C. Amory-Mazaudier, LPP/France -> Electrodynamics
and Dynamics of ionosphere
Conclusion n°3
• We need more Professors to train in AFRICA
• The students work in their country and visit the countries of their PhD supervisors. They work in the framework of a cooperative scientific programme between the different countries or partners involved.
• The PhD is defended in the country of the student in front of an international Jury
• The PhD is based on papers already published in international journals.
ARICAN ORGANISATIONS
• CAMES• 17 countries -> training in the Universities
(French spoken) -> coordinator Prof. F. Ouattara
• UNITED NATIONS SCHOOLS– Morocco -> Prof. A Touzani (French spoken)– Nigeria -> Prof. P. Okeke (English spoken)
• AGS : AFRICAN GEOSPACE SOCIETY Next meeting of the scientific board in November
2010 in Abuja / Nigeria (Prof B. Rabiu)
• IHY PROJECT • 2005-2009ISWI PROJECT in AFRICA
2010-2012
ISOC chaired byJoseph Davila (NASA)
Nat Gopalswamy (NASA)
International Space Weather Initiative 2010-2012
http://www.iswi-secretariat.org
TRANSDICIPLINARY SCHOOL IN EGYPT September 2010 ~ 30 participants
LOC chaired by Prof. Ayman Mahrous
It is necessary
• In each country :• To work at a national level• To connect all users of GPS in the same country• To develop interdisciplinary studies to install
permanent GPS networks
• New regional projects • In the framework of international projects as ISWI to
increase the GPS stations
Research programmes IRD-STDF
1) Definition of a project forMonitoring the water vaporAlong the Nile with GPSNetwork and complementary instruments networks and related informatics
GPS StationsMeteorological StationsGPS signal processingMeteorological modelsHydrological models
Etc….2) Space Weather satellite cooperation between France and Egypt
3) Training of studentsSchoolsPhDMasters
General Conclusion
• Next schools • RDC -> September 2011• Morocco -> December 2011
• Scientific projects
• To develop African Websites for information concerning African activities
• AGS -> African Geospace Society
• New inquiry to be done
