GPS and Worldwide GNSS Interoperability GNSS International Symposium Berlin, Germany December 1, 2009 Raymond Clore Senior Advisor for GNSS Office of Space

GPS and Worldwide GNSS Interoperability

GNSS International Symposium

Berlin, Germany

December 1, 2009

Raymond CloreSenior Advisor for GNSS

Office of Space and Advanced TechnologyU.S. Department of State

GNSS Symposium 2009 – Dec 1, 2009, Berlin

Overview

•U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy

• GPS & Augmentation Programs Status

• International Cooperation Activities

2


U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy

• Provide uninterrupted availability of PNT services

• Meet growing national, homeland, economic security, and civil requirements, and scientific and commercial demands

• Remain the pre-eminent military space-based PNT service

• Continue to provide civil services that exceed or are competitive with foreign civil space-based PNT services and augmentation systems

• Remain essential components of internationally accepted PNT services

• Promote U.S. technological leadership in applications involving space-based PNT services

3

GOAL: Ensure the U.S. maintains space-based PNT services, augmentation, back-up, and

service denial capabilities that…

GNSS Symposium 2009 – Dec 1, 2009, Berlin 4

U.S. Space-Based PNT Organization Structure

WHITE HOUSEWHITE HOUSE

ADVISORY BOARD

Sponsor: NASA

ADVISORY BOARD

Sponsor: NASA

NATIONALEXECUTIVE COMMITTEEFOR SPACE-BASED PNT

Executive Steering Group

Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation


Executive Steering Group


NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE

Host: Commerce


Host: Commerce

GPS International Working Group

Chair: State


Chair: State

Engineering Forum


Engineering Forum


Ad HocWorking Groups


DefenseDefense

TransportationTransportation

StateState

InteriorInterior

AgricultureAgriculture

CommerceCommerce

Homeland SecurityHomeland Security

Joint Chiefs of StaffJoint Chiefs of Staff

NASANASA

8

U.S. Space-Based PNT Organization Structure

WHITE HOUSE

ADVISORY BOARD

Sponsor: NASA


Executive Steering GroupCo-Chairs: Defense, Transportation


Host: Commerce


Chair: State

Engineering Forum



Defense

Transportation

State

Interior

Agriculture

Commerce

Homeland Security

Joint Chiefs of Staff

NASA


U.S. Policy Promotes Global Use of GPS Technology

• No direct user fees for civil GPS services– Provided on a continuous, worldwide basis

• Open, public signal structures for all civil services– Promotes equal access for user equipment

manufacturing, applications development, and value-added services

– Encourages open, market-driven competition

• Global compatibility and interoperability with GPS

• Service improvements for civil, commercial, and scientific users worldwide

• Protection of radionavigation spectrum from disruption and interference


Overview

• U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy

•GPS & Augmentation Programs Status


6


GPS Constellation Status

• 11 Block IIA

• 12 Block IIR

• 7 Block IIR-M– Transmitting new second civil signal

– 1 GPS IIR-M in on-orbit testing

• 3 additional satellites in residual status

• Next launch: IIF ~ June 2010

• Global GPS civil service performance commitment met continuously since December 1993

30 Operational Satellites(Baseline Constellation: 24)


GPS Modernization Program

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Block IIA/IIR Block IIIBlock IIR-M, IIF• Backward compatibility

• 4th civil signal (L1C)

• Increased accuracy• Increased anti-jam power

• Assured availability• Navigation surety• Controlled integrity• Increased security• System survivability

IIR-M: IIA/IIR capabilities plus

• 2nd civil signal (L2C)•M-Code (L1M & L2M)

IIF: IIR-M capability plus• 3rd civil signal (L5)• Anti-jam flex power

Basic GPS• Standard Service– Single frequency (L1)– Coarse acquisition

(C/A) code navigation• Precise Service– Y-Code (L1Y & L2Y)– Y-Code navigation

Increasing System Capabilities Increasing Defense / Civil Benefit


GPS Modernization – New Civil Signals

• Second civil signal “L2C”– Designed to meet commercial needs

– Higher accuracy through ionospheric correction

– Available since 2005 without data message• Currently, 7 IIR-Ms transmitting L2C

– Full capability: 24 satellites ~2016

• Third civil signal “L5”– Designed to meet demanding

requirements for transportation safety-of-life

– Uses highly protected Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service (ARNS) band

– On orbit broadcast 10 APR 2009 on IIR-20(M) secured ITU frequency filing

– Full capability: 24 satellites ~2018


GPS Modernization – Fourth Civil Signal (L1C)

• Designed with international partners

for interoperability

• Modernized civil signal at L1 frequency– More robust navigation across a broad

range

of user applications

– Improved performance in challenged

tracking environments

– Original signal retained for backward

compatibility

• Specification developed in cooperation

with industry recently completed

• Launches with GPS III in 2014

• On 24 satellites by ~2021

Under Trees

Urban Canyons


GPS Modernization – Semi-codeless Transition

• GPS receivers attain very high accuracy by using "codeless" or "semi-codeless" techniques that exploit the encrypted military GPS signals without actually decoding them

− Techniques will no longer be necessary once the new civil GPS signals are fully operational

• U.S. Government published a notice for users to transition to GPS civil-coded signals by December 31, 2020

− Provides time for an orderly and systematic transition

− Based on launch schedule and projected budget

• U.S. is committed to continually improving GPS services as users complete a timely transition to dual-coded civil GPS equipment


N/A

1.61.2 1.1 1.0

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1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1990 1992 1994 1996 1997 2001 2004 2006 2008

RM

S S

IS U

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(m

)

SPS Signal in Space Performance

System accuracy exceeds published standard

RM

S S

ign

al-

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pa

ce

Us

er

Ra

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), m

ete

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2008 SPS Performance Standard(Worst of any SPS SIS URE)

2001 SPS Performance Standard(RMS over all SPS SIS URE)

Decreasing range error

Signal-in-Space User Range Error (SIS URE) the difference between a GPS satellite’s navigation data (position and clock) and the truth, projected on the line-of-sight to the user

N/A N/A N/AN/A

Selective Availability (SA)


FAA GPS Augmentation Programs


WAAS Architecture

38 Reference Stations

3 Master Stations

4 Ground Earth Stations

(2+1) Geostationary Satellite Links

2 Operational Control Centers

Telesat107W

Intelsat133W

4F3 98 W


Global SBAS Coverage


Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS)

• Precision Approach For CAT- I, II, III

• Multiple Runway Coverage At An Airport

• 3D RNP Procedures (RTA), CDAs

• Navigation for Closely Spaced Parallels

• Super Density Operations


Agana, Guam

Frankfurt, Germany

Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

Malaga, Spain

LAAS/GBAS International Efforts

Sydney, Australia

Bremen, Germany


Nationwide Differential GPS (NDGPS) is a National PNT Utility

• Operated/managed by U.S. Coast Guard as a Combined NDGPS (Maritime + Department of Transportation sites + ACOE sites)

• System Specifications– Corrections broadcast at 285 and 325 kHz using

Minimum shift Keying (MSK) modulation– Real-time differential GPS corrections provided in

Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM) SC-104 format

– No data encryption– Real-time differential corrections for mobile and static

applications• Single coverage terrestrial over 92% of Continental United

States (CONUS) ; double coverage over 65% of CONUS


Nationwide Differential GPS

• Expansion of maritime differential GPS (DGPS) network to cover terrestrial United States

• Built to international standard adopted in 50+ countries


• Transportation operational requirements:

– Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)

– on behalf of state and local DOT stakeholders

– routine use in Federal-Aid Program

– survey, construction, quality, asset management

– roadside management

– law enforcement

– Association of Am. Railroads– baseline reference

– National Governor’s Association– use by state DOTs, – resource management agencies

Terrestrial NDGPS Capabilities and Uses


• Other federal, state/local and private operational requirements:– Department of Agriculture/Department of Interior (NPS, USFS,

BLM, etc.)

– One meter real-time positioning and navigation

– Fire management and safety

– Department of Commerce (NOAA)

– Continuously Operating Reference Stations

– Severe weather forecasting

– State, County and Local Governments– Departments of Transportation, Natural

Resources, Environmental Protection, Agriculture, Parks

– Private/Non-Profit Sector

– U.S. GPS Industry Council

– National Precision Farming Association

– Professional Land Surveyors

Terrestrial NDGPS Capabilities and Uses (2)


Precision Agriculture

• Maximize use of resources– Optimized plowing of crop rows– Tailored applications of seeds, fertilizer, water, pesticides– Improved management of land, machinery, personnel, time– Greater crop yields

• Minimize environmental impacts– Localized identification and treatment of distressed crops

reduces chemical use– Precise leveling of fields prevents fluid runoff


National Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS)

• Enables highly accurate, 3-D positioning– Centimeter-level

precision

– Tied to National Spatial Reference System

• 1,200+ sites operated by 200+ public, private, academic organizations

• NOAA’s Online Positioning User Service (OPUS) automatically processes coordinates submitted via the web from around the world

• OPUS-RS (Rapid Static) declared operational in 2007

• NOAA considering support for real-time networks


Overview

• U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy

• GPS & Augmentation Programs Status


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U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy(Excerpts focused on International Relations)

Goals: • U.S. space-based PNT systems and services remain essential

components of internationally accepted PNT services• Promote U.S. technological leadership in applications

involving space-based PNT services

To achieve this, the United States Government shall:• Encourage foreign development of PNT services/systems

based on GPS– Seek to ensure foreign space-based PNT systems are interoperable with

civil GPS and augmentations– At a minimum, ensure compatibility

The Secretary of State shall:• Promote the use of civil aspects of GPS and its augmentation

services and standards with foreign governments and other international organizations

• Lead negotiations with foreign governments and international organizations regarding civil PNT matters


Planned GNSS

• Global Constellations– GPS (24+)

– GLONASS (30)

– Galileo (27/22)

– Compass (30 global and 5 regional satellites)

– GINS - Global Indian Navigation System (24)

• Regional Constellations– QZSS (3)

– IRNSS (7)

• Satellite-Based Augmentations– WAAS (2+1)

– MSAS (2)

– EGNOS (3)

– GAGAN (2)

– SDCM (2)


Current International Signal Plans

271560 1570 1580 1590 1600 16101170 1180 1190 1200 1210 1220 1230 1240 1250 1260 1270 1280 1290 1300

Frequency (MHz)

1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 16101170 1180 1190 1200 1210 1220 1230 1240 1250 1260 1270 1280 1290 1300 Frequency (MHz)

FutureCDMA signal

1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 16101170 1180 1190 1200 1210 1220 1230 1240 1250 1260 1270 1280 1290 1300 Frequency (MHz)

1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 16101170 1180 1190 1200 1210 1220 1230 1240 1250 1260 1270 1280 1290 1300 Frequency (MHz)

1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 16101170 1180 1190 1200 1210 1220 1230 1240 1250 1260 1270 1280 1290 1300 Frequency (MHz)

1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 16101170 1180 1190 1200 1210 1220 1230 1240 1250 1260 1270 1280 1290 1300 Frequency (MHz)

1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 16101170 1180 1190 1200 1210 1220 1230 1240 1250 1260 1270 1280 1290 1300 Frequency (MHz)

SBAS(US, Europe

India, Japan)

QZSS(Japan)

IRNSS/GINS(India)

COMPASS(China)

Galileo(Europe)

GLONASS(Russia)

GPS(US)

L1L5 L2

Compass & IRNSSIn S-band

1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 16101170 1180 1190 1200 1210 1220 1230 1240 1250 1260 1270 1280 1290 1300 Frequency (MHz)

Note: GINS modulations TBD


U.S. Objectives in Working with Other GNSS Service Providers

• Ensure compatibility ― ability of U.S. and non-U.S. space-based PNT services to be used separately or together without interfering with each individual service or signal– Radio frequency compatibility– Spectral separation between M-code and other signals

• Achieve interoperability – ability of civil U.S. and non-U.S. space-based PNT services to be used together to provide the user better capabilities than would be achieved by relying solely on one service or signal– Primary focus on the common L1C and L5 signals

• Ensure a level playing field in the global marketplacePursue through Bi-lateral and

Multi-lateral Cooperation


The Goal of GNSS Civil Interoperability

• Ideal interoperability allows navigation with one signal each from four or more systems with no additional receiver cost or complexity

Interoperable = Better Together than Separate

GPS

QZSS

GALILEO COMPASSIRNSS

GLONASS


U.S. - Europe Cooperation

• 2004 U.S.-EU agreement provides foundation for cooperation

• Four working groups were set up under the agreement:– Technical, trade, next generation systems and security

working groups

• Improved new civil signal (MBOC) adopted in July 2007

• Second Plenary Meeting planned for Spring 2010

Oct. 22, 2008 , EU-U.S. Plenary delegations meeting under the auspices of the GPS-Galileo Cooperation Agreement

Signing ceremony for GPS-Galileo Cooperation Joint Statement, Oct. 23,

2008(Michel Bosco, European Commission; Kenneth Hodgkins, U.S. Department of

State)

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Additional Bilateral Cooperation

• U.S.-Japan Joint Statement on GPS Cooperation in 1998– Japan’s Quasi Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) designed to

be fully compatible and highly interoperable with GPS

– Bilateral agreements to set up QZSS monitoring stations in Hawaii and Guam. Guam station completed!

• U.S.-Russia Joint Statement issued in Dec. 2004– Negotiations for a U.S.-Russia Agreement on satellite

navigation cooperation underway since late 2005

– Working Groups on compatibility/interoperability, search and rescue

• U.S.-India Joint Statement on GNSS Coop. in 2007

– Technical Meetings focused on GPS-India Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) compatibility and interoperability held in 2008 and 2009

International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG)

• U.S. strongly supports ICG activities- U.S. hosted ICG-3 at Pasadena, California in 2008

- U.S. contributes to UNOOSA to support ICG meetings and activities

• U.S. pleased with progress made at ICG-4 at St. Petersburg, Russia

- Adoption of new principle on transparency for open services: Every provider should publish documentation that describes signal and system information, policies of provision and minimum levels of performance for its open services

- Process of seeking users and manufacturers views on interoperability will continue – workshop just held on Nov. 30 in Australia


Summary

• GPS performance is better than ever and will continue to improve

– Augmentations enable even higher performance

– New civil GPS signal available now

– Many additional upgrades scheduled

• U.S. policy encourages worldwide use of civil GPS and augmentations

• International cooperation is a priority

– Compatibility and interoperability are critical


Contact Information

Raymond E. CloreSenior Advisor for GNSS

Office of Space and Advanced TechnologyU.S. Department of StateOES/SAT, SA-23, Suite 410Washington, D.C. 20520+1.202.663.2394 (office)

[email protected]

http://www.state.gov/g/oes/sat/http://pnt.gov/international/

Documents

GPS and Worldwide GNSS Interoperability GNSS International Symposium Berlin, Germany December 1, 2009 Raymond Clore Senior Advisor for GNSS Office of Space